p erformance e valuation of b ase s tation a pplication o ptimizer nana ginzbourg instructor: dr....
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PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF BASE STATIONAPPLICATION OPTIMIZER
Nana Ginzbourg
Instructor: Dr. Ronit Nossenson
Internal Instructor: Dr. Tami Tamir
OVERVIEW Introduction
LTE Network
NS 2 Simulator
Base Station Application Optimizer
Implementation Model – network topology
Traffic generation and cache implementation
Simulation
Trace analyzers
Results
Conclusions and Future work
INTRODUCTION
Cellular operator take advantage of new technologies and offer rich services to advanced handset
Backhaul lines are still limited to 2 Mbps capacity
Leads to backhaul bottleneck problem
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
Backhaul lines upgrade
Application solution Data reduction No need in upgrade Integrated solutions
Base Station Application Optimizer Analyze and optimize user data in application
level Prevent unnecessary data travelling through
backhaul network Less painful upgrade
PROJECT GOALS
Implement Base Station Application Optimizer over an LTE network in NS-2 simulator
Evaluate solution performance in various simulations: Realistic mixture of applications Different cache hit rates Changing network load – number of users Different queue sizes
LTE NETWORK
BASE STATION APPLICATION OPTIMIZER
NS 2 SIMULATOR
Open Source event driven simulator History:
1989 – REAL network simulator 1995 – VINT Project with DARPA
Support a big variety of protocols and keeps growing
Simulator Implementation: Backend in C++ - compiled hierarchy Frontend in Otcl – interpreter with similar
hierarchy Simulation scripts - .tcl
NS 2 SIMULATOR
BASE STATION APPLICATION OPTIMIZER IMPLEMENTATION
Open source: http://code.google.com/p/base-station-
application-optimizer/
Four stages: Network Topology definition Traffic generation Configurations and simulations over different
parameters Trace analysis
NETWORK TOPOLOGY DEFINITION
Wired Nodes eNode-B Serving Gateway PDN-GW Server
Wireless Nodes User equipment
DropTail queuing algorithm Oversubscription factor at S1 interface is 1/3
TRAFFIC GENERATION APPLICATIONS DISTRIBUTION
TRAFFIC GENERATION IN NS 2
GeneratorPacket Size
(bytes)
Protocol
Rate(kbps)
Parameters
VoIPCBR200UDP64
WebPareto1040TCP300ON – 200msOFF – 2000msShape – 1.3
Video
Pareto1300TCP600ON – 2000msOFF – 2000msShape – 1.5
FilePareto1500TCP100ON – 2000msOFF – 200msShape – 1.7
TRAFFIC GENERATIONCACHE IMPLEMENTATION
CONFIGURATION AND SIMULATIONS
All simulation parameters are configurable Command line Configuration.tcl
Run simulations using main.tcl and override relevant parameters Number of end users Buffer size Hit rates per application Users distribution per application
TRACES ANALYSIS
TOTAL BANDWIDTH ANALYZER
Output: total number of bytes per application type over
S1 interface
Implementation: Combination of shell and awk scripts Summarize packets sizes over S1 interface using
source and destination id Use flow id to separate results per application
type and hit rate scenarios
BANDWIDTH PER SECOND ANALYZER
Output: Total number of bytes per second per application
type over the S1 interface
Implementation: Awk script Use an array[simulation_length_seconds] Summarize packet sizes according to source and
destination nodes, flow id and packet size.
END-TO-END DELAY AND DROPPED STATISTICS ANALYZER
Output: End-to-end delay Dropped packets percentage
Implementation: Array per application type Packet id indicates the index in the array Send event -> save start time Receive event -> save end time Dropped event -> update with -1
RESULTS
Primary Simulation 20, 50 and 100 users User Equipment links buffer size – 10 packets
Cache Hit rate impact of results Standard hit rates: 20% web, 40% video and files Increase and decrease hit rate by 10%
Buffer Size impact on results Increase and decrease buffer size in 25% Keep medium hit rate
TOTAL TRANSFERRED KB WITH 20, 50 & 100 CONCURRENT USERS
DATA REDUCTION PER APPLICATION TYPE
DATA REDUCTION OVER TIME
DATA REDUCTION FACTOR
UsersApplication
OPTIMIZEDKB
TraditionalKB
Reduction Factor
20Web1524871812651.19
Video4022638031612.00
File Sharing2493024990972.00
VoIP43190431901.00
Total84724215267131.80
50Web4140025198291.26
Video110089918964561.72
File Sharing74273312418151.67
VoIP1295701295661.00
Total238720437876671.59
100Web7276809643491.33
Video217619625056611.15
File Sharing149010920294261.36
VoIP3022592947930.98
Total469624357942281.23
DROPPED STATISTICSUsersApplicationTraditional
KBOptimizedKB
#Drops %Dropped #Drop %Dropped
20Web00.00%00.00%
Video00.00%00.00%
File Sharing00.00%00.00%
VoIP190.05%00.00%
Total190.00%00.00%
50Web1140.07%1090.07%
Video2910.05%1880.02%
File Sharing2490.06%1050.03%
VoIP650.06%620.06%
Total7190.06%4640.03%
100Web59541.96%1650.05%
Video123331.57%6030.03%
File Sharing95281.50%3740.05%
VoIP125034.96%2630.10%
Total403182.04%14050.04%
AVERAGE DELAY
UsersApplication
OPTIMIZEDKB
TraditionalKB
Reduction %
20Web0.39040.462315.56%
Video0.11390.462175.35%
File Sharing0.23600.462248.93%
VoIP0.46090.46120.06%
50Web0.36880.463620.45%
Video0.14400.463368.92%
File Sharing0.28090.463439.39%
VoIP0.46170.46280.23%
100Web0.34800.471326.16%
Video0.14480.471069.26%
File Sharing0.28320.471039.87%
VoIP0.46510.46910.86%
IMPACT OF CACHE HIT RATE ON DATA REDUCTION FACTOR
UsersApplicationLow Hit Rate
Medium HitRate
High HitRate
20Web1.211.191.53
Video1.602.001.99
File Sharing2.012.002.01
VoIP1.001.001.00
Total1.611.801.87
50Web1.271.261.27
Video1.581.721.89
File Sharing1.681.671.89
VoIP1.001.001.00
Total1.531.591.72
100Web1.191.331.27
Video1.151.151.27
File Sharing1.281.361.52
VoIP0.980.980.98
Total1.191.231.33
IMPACT OF CACHE HIT RATE ON DROP PACKETS PERCENTAGE
Application%DropTraditional
%DropLow Hit Rate
%DropHigh HitRate
Web1.96%0.26%0.15%
Video1.57%0.12%0.05%
File Sharing1.50%0.20%0.12%
VoIP4.96%0.46%0.23%
Total2.04%0.17%0.09%
IMPACT OF CACHE HIT RATE ON AVERAGE DELAY
Application %ReductionLow Hit Rate
%ReductionMediumHit Rate
%ReductionHigh HitRate
Web19.89%26.16%25.24%
Video67.37%69.26%73.32%
File Sharing36.55%39.87%46.57%
VoIP0.40%0.86%0.98%
IMPACT OF BUFFER SIZEON DATA REDUCTION FACTOR
UsersApplication Small Buffer Size
Medium BufferSize
Large Buffer Size
20Web1.531.191.53
Video1.992.001.99
File Sharing2.012.002.01
VoIP1.001.001.00
Total1.871.801.87
50Web1.271.261.27
Video1.911.721.90
File Sharing1.891.671.89
VoIP1.001.001.00
Total1.731.591.72
100Web1.261.331.28
Video1.301.151.28
File Sharing1.511.361.57
VoIP0.980.980.98
Total1.331.231.34
IMPACT OF BUFFER SIZE ON DROPPED PACKETS PERCENTAGE
Application
%DropTraditionalSmall buffer
%DropOptimizedSmall buffer
%DropTraditionalLarge Buffer
%DropOptimizedLargeBuffer
Web2.17%0.09%0.11%0.05%
Video1.70%0.05%0.16%0.05%
File Sharing1.75%0.12%0.24%0.09%
VoIP4.09%0.21%0.17%0.16%
Total2.10%0.08%0.18%0.07%
IMPACT OF BUFFER SIZE ON AVERAGE PACKETS DELAY
Application %ReductionSmall BufferSize
%ReductionMediumBuffer Size
%ReductionLarge BufferSize
Web25.31%26.16%25.20%
Video73.48%69.26%73.30%
File Sharing46.57%39.87%46.55%
VoIP1.08%0.86%1.00%
CONCLUSIONS
Open Source implementation of LTE model Configurable Easy to install and use Provides functionalities like different application
traffic generation and users distribution Base Station Application Optimizer
implementation Trace Analyzers
Performance Evaluation: Total bytes transferred reduction factor: 1.2-1.8 Average delay reduced by 75% Packet loss percentage reduced from 2% to
0.05%
FUTURE WORK
Add User mobility support:
Implement basic handover process in NS 2
Support several deployment modes of Base
Station Application Optimizer in an LTE network
Implement new traffic generator in NS 2
REFERENCES Patrick Donegan, "Backhaul Strategies for Mobile Carriers", In
Heavy Reading , Vol. 4 No. 4, 2006. Ronit Nossenson, “Base Station Application Optimizer”, The
International Conference on Data Communication Networking 2010 (DCNET), Athens, Greece.
Holma, H., and Toskala, A., LTE for UMTS – OFDMA and SC-FDMA Based Radio Access, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, United Kingdom, 2009.
Qin-long Qiu, Jian Chen, Ling-di Ping, Qi-fei Zhang, Xue-zeng Pan, 2009, LTE/SAE Model and its Implementation in NS 2, 2009 Fifth International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Networks, Fujian, China, pp. 299-303. LTE implementation: http://code.google.com/p/lte-model/
The Network Simulator (NS2), http://isi.edu/nsnam/ns/
REFERENCES Introduction to Network simulator NS 2" by
Teerawat Issariyakul and Ekram Hossain, 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Project source code and results: http://code.google.com/p/base-station-application-optimizer/
Allot Mobile Trends, Global mobile broadband traffic report, H1/2011.
GNU Awk, http://www.gnu.org/s/gawk/manual/gawk.html