pactices of gps/gis in/for rural development
TRANSCRIPT
FIELD PRACTICES WITH GPS-GIS IN/FOR
RURAL DEVELOPME
NTBy
Takahiro Miyoshi
TAKAHIRO MIYOSHI A long-term expert dispatched to a JICA
program in Zambia (Since 2005 …. Now…. Too long?)
Title: Monitoring and Participatory Community Activities Facilitation Advisor
Subject: Monitoring and Evaluation
Ex-job: Consultant and PCM trainer
Practitioner, not academic but like to learn and use new knowledge / skills
OBJECTIVE
To learn practices of GPS-GIS in rural development from my experiences in Zambia and Japan
BEFORE STARTING Does you computer has Google Earth? Do you have the data as follows?
ChiliayekaVillage.gdbMicroProjectsInChongwe.gdb
A small announcement10:30-12:00
Exercise in GPS/GIS 13:00-14:00
Fun game with GPS
STRUCTURE (8:45-10:15)
1. Basics of GPS-GIS2. Practices “in” Rural
Development3. Practices “for” Rural
Development4. Exercises
WHAT IS GPS?
GPS, which stands for Global Positioning System, is the only system today able to show you your exact position on the Earth anytime, in any weather, anywhere.
The three parts of GPS are:SatellitesReceiversSoftware
GPS Receivers
How Signals are Sent/Received
Radio Waves
What Affects a GPS Signal
Multi-Path Error
Atmospheric Error
Human Error
WHAT IS GIS
A geographical Information System (GIS)
Collection of software that Allows you to:
Create Visualize Query and analyze geospatial data
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GIS CONCEPTS ARE NOT NEW!
London cholera epidemic 1854
Cholera death
Water pump
Soho
+
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GIS: HISTORICAL BACKGROUNDThis technology has developed from:
Digital cartography and CADData Base Management Systems
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ATTRIBID X,Y123
ID123
CAD System(Computer Aided Design)
Data Base Management System
SPATIAL DATA STORAGE
Vector model
Raster model
point
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2,5
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4,1
7,105,9
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line
polygon
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as geometric objects: points, lines, polygons
as image files composed of grid-cells (pixels)
SPATIAL DATA Raster
Vector
Data Model And Structure
RASTER MODEL VECTOR MODEL
LET’S PLAY “GOOGLE EARTH”
Let’s find your home (country) and measure the distance to here.
STRUCTURE (8:45-10:15)
1. Basics of GPS-GIS2. Practices “in” Rural
Development3. Practices “for” Rural
Development4. Exercises
BACKGROUND In Rural Development, geographical
information is not well known. A map of your field is not prepared or the information is incomplete or/and obsolete.
Without geographical information, you will encounter following challenges,Lost “in the middle of nowhere”You can not reach or come back homeLack of a Bird-view (i.e. macro view) to
capture the area as a wholeLack of an accurate information (all depend
on hear-say information from villagers)
USEFUL FUNCTIONS
1. Recording2. Navigating3. Mapping4. Route Planning5. Distance-Area
Calculation
GPS
GIS
1. RECORDING By using GPS (tracking log), you
can record where you have been with GPS.
This information will be useful for writing field report, especially useful for anthropologic and social studies.
GPS only tracks where you have been on what time, so you have to record what you see on what time, to be combined when you write a report.
(demo)
2. NAVIGATION By using GPS (tracking), you know how
you move even in a jungle. No more “lost in the middle of no where”! GPS is also a powerful tool to navigate
you which direction you should go by putting the target point (aka. waypoint), even in a jungle.
Of course, you can exchange the information with other people, who can go exactly where you have been. (working in a team)
No need to teach a new driver the routes!
3. MAPPING By accumulating data from GPS in
GIS, you can make a customized map.
Points are house, church, clinic, shop, water-well, agriculture field, river, road, etc.
This map can be completed by putting other information from satellite images in GIS. For example, you can know where the water sources of the area by satellite images.
(demo: Mapsource to Google Map)
4. ROUTE PLANNING When you have a map which accurate
map, you can calculate distances of points.
This information is useful when you plan a route to visit your designated places with limited resources.
In Zambia, I introduced planning of budget using GIS, and reduced the fuel by a half.
Office Office
Efficient In-Efficient
5. AREA CALCULATION In Rural Development, calculation of
agricultural field in one of critical indicators to measure the development.
The measurement depends on “hear-say” of farmers. “1 lima” “2 lima”……
The scientific measurement costs too much.
GPSs’s tracks and points can used for calculating the field distract and area.
Even satellite image taken GIS can be used for measurement of the area. (demo)
STRUCTURE (8:45-10:15)
1. Basics of GPS-GIS2. Practices “in” Rural
Development3. Practices “for” Rural
Development4. Exercises
FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT
1. GIS Training of Staff 2. Participatory Mapping3. Searching for Natural
Resources4. GPS Game for Rural
Development (Community Promotion)
1. GIS TRAINING GIS /GPS draws attentions and
interests from my work-partners (mostly public sector) in Zambia.
In Zambia (as other developing countries, most public sector do not have accessible and accurate maps (even non-digitalized).
GIS training for the staff can build not only technical capacity but also managerial capacity with awareness to see their fields with “a bird-view”. (video)
This is a good entry point to improvement of public management.
PARTICIPATORY MAPPING Mapping should not be a solely work
of a technician / an academic. The map can be more accurate,
useful and comprehensive by involving more stakeholders.
A good example found in PRA/PLA tools. Resource map, transect walks, etc.
GIS-based (digitalized) map can also be made by many stakeholders.
A map of extension made by field officers and their supervisors. (Demo)
A map of Chilyaeka village (Demo)
3. SEARCHING FOR NATURAL RESOURCES Water source is a critical resource for
agricultural development. By using a satellite image of GIS, you
can find some potential areas for water sources.
After find some potential areas, you can reach the place by using a GPS.
Attention: GPS shows only geographical information, not social / natural information. So you need to combine other studies to find the final point. (video)
4. COMMUNITY PROMOTION WITH GPS-BASED FUN GAME! Geocaching is a game played by
many people (10 millions in the world) with using GPS/GIS.
It is a treasure hunting game by searching and hiding a cache (a small box) with GPS. (video)
An extended version of this game is CITO (Cache-In Trash-Out).
In CITO, many people are searching for the caches and collecting trashes (litters) in the event’s area. (video)
AN EXAMPLE IN SHIKINEJIMA
Shikinejima island is a small island 200km far from Tokyo bay.
The island looked for an event to promote a community which suffers from small population and depression of feelings.
After having a workshop, the island introduced CITO in its event, simply because it does not require much funding in 2009.
Since 2009, the CITO event is conducted every year, and the island was awarded a gold medal for an area promotion award.
GPS/GIS DATA IN COMMUNITY GAME
OTHER EXAMPLE
Tourist maps
ARG (Alternative Reality Game)
STRUCTURE (8:45-10:15)
1. Basics of GPS-GIS2. Practices “in” Rural
Development3. Practices “for” Rural
Development4. Exercises
EXERCISE
Output: A Map For Adventure in Nagoya University
Form a group of 3-5 List up 4-5 points that you think a new-comer
must visit in the area of Nagoya University By using Google Earth, put the points, and put
name and description of each point. By using Google Earth, set a route to visit all
points with shortest time. The distance should be less than 1000m. Save it. (and presentation if time allows) (This map is used for the afternoon session)
OUTPUT IMAGENo title Description
1 Mysterious Pond
A pond having a mysterious story.
2 Statue of a man
A funny-faced man is standing!
3 Tasty Lunch spot
Eat here to be happy!
4 Great pub Drink here to be even happier!
When you finish, please call me to save your outputs