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RESOLUTION CODE:GA/1/A/2

DATE: 8 February 2013

FORUM: GA1

QUESTION OF: The UN’s role in monitoring the international trade in chemical weapons

THIS DOCUMENT IS PROPERTY OF MEDI.M.U.N.

PASSED/NOT PASSED

The General Assembly Committee 1,

Defining that Biological and Chemical weapons are harmful agents used with the

intention of inflicting death or disease and any chemical substance that can cause

death or wide spread devastation to any living organism,

Recognising the devastating effect of Chemical Weapons (CW) and Biological

Weapons (BW) during international armed conflicts and their first wide spread usage

since World War One,

Reminding all Member States of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) and the

Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) which avert Member States from developing,

producing, stockpiling, or otherwise acquiring, retaining or exchanging armaments of

this kind,

Deeply regretting that some Member States have yet to ratify the major protocols and

conventions, specifically the CWC and BWC and to enforce their terms,

Alarmed by the availability of dual use substances and existing stockpiles in areas of

questionable safety or political instability, and the possibility of their acquisition by

third parties,

Disturbed by the fact that advancements in the fields of microbiology, genetic and

chemical engineering and biotechnology may expose new potentially harmful agents

and thus provoke further use of CW and BW,

Taking into consideration that non-lethal forms of harmful agents, such as 2-

chlorobenzalmalononitrile (CS) gas, otherwise known as “tear gas”, are widely

utilised against rioters dispersing any forms of protest thus posing a threat to society,

Recognising the extensive research into the identification of chemical and biological

agents, such as that being conducted by the Chemical and Biological Weapons

Nonproliferation Program (CBWNP) and by the Lawrence Livermore National

Laboratory (LLNL),

1. Requests all Member States to sign and ratify the CWC and the BWC and meet

their requirements concerning the destruction of existing stockpiles of weapons

fully and within deadlines;

2. Proposes the formation of:

a) The Organisation for the Prohibition of Biological Weapons

(OPBW), which shall:

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i. Control the destruction of stockpiles of biological weapons

through the presence of a sufficient number of qualified

monitors at each destruction site,

ii. Request regular reports from each Member State regarding

the question of CW and BW and their destruction if it is

yet to be completed,

b) The United Nations Organisation for the Enforcement of the

Agreements Against Biological and Chemical Weapons

(UNOEA), which shall be:

i. Entitled to impose temporary sanctions on Member States

that have yet to meet requirements in accordance with the

BWC and CWC and bring such cases of greater gravity to

the attention of the Security Council and the International

Court of Justice,

ii. Obliged to check ships, trains, airplanes and other forms of

transport going to or coming from any country in the world

as long as it is known that the transport in question is

carrying biological or chemical weapons,

iii. To confiscate and take over their safe transfer in registered

ships or airplanes to be destroyed on specialised

destruction sites with the help of United Nations Special

Commission (UNSCOM);

3. Suggests the creation of various means of protecting the civilian population

against damaging effects of potential CW or BW attacks, such as:

a) Specialised sealed underground bunkers,

b) Protective suits impermeable to chemical and biological agents;

4. Offers the following ideas for the structure of UNOEA, which will consist of:

a) One annually elected Head who oversees and guides the

management of the organisation,

b) One annually elected Deputy Head who assists the Head and acts

as a messenger from UNOEA staff to the Head concerning ideas,

issues, or new courses of action to prevent the proliferation of

Chemical and Biological weapons,

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c) Ten managers who travel on behalf of the UNOEA in order to:

i. Inspect and improve work at their headquarters in ports

and airports, and campaign against the production,

stockpiling, transport or use of CW and BW through radio

or television interviews and public appearances, to raise

world-wide awareness concerning the issue,

ii. Organising educational courses in each Member State

aimed at individuals aged 14 and above, presented in the

official language of each particular Member State,

d) The rest of the working staff who will handle paperwork, press

conferences and research new organisations and facilities which

are developing technology for the identification of biological and

chemical agents, and raising awareness concerning their use;

5. Requests that all kinds of biological and chemical agents, both non-lethal and

lethal, are listed both in documental form and online, along with their hazardous

effects and how to counter them, as well as the country or countries of origin and

where stockpiles of those agents exist, so as to ensure the monitoring of

production and stockpiles of chemical and biological agents;

6. Supports the creation of the United Nations Organisation for Fundraising and

Financial Aid (UNFFA), the actions of which will be aimed at:

a) Finding means of providing finance to Member States in the form

of grants and loans, for the purpose of tackling the destructive

consequences of the usage of CW and BW,

b) Encouraging Member States to increase quotas in order to promote

international trade and thus increase the income of Member States

in need of extra finance for the purpose mentioned above;

7. Emphasises the importance of understanding, finding and using:

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a) peaceful means of resolving international conflicts, such as

collective negotiation during forums, conferences and official

diplomatic delegations’ visits,

b) peaceful applications of biotechnology and dual-use items, such

as:

i. medicinal and pharmaceutical advancements,

ii. agriculture and food production.

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RESOLUTION CODE: GA1/01/A/4

DATE: 08/02/12

FORUM: GA1

QUESTION OF: The UN’s role in monitoring the international trade in chemical and biological weapons


PASSED/NOT PASSED

Defining chemical and biological weapons as Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD),

which are used to inflict harm on human beings including death, blindness, lung

searing, persistent fever and contamination of both living and non-living substances,

Recalling the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC), signed on the tenth of April

1972, specifically Article 1, which states: “Never under any circumstances to acquire or retain biological weapons”, and the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), signed on 13 January 1993, and administered by the independent Organisation for the

Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW),

Noting with satisfaction that there are one hundred and sixty-two States party to the

Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of

Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction, including

all of the permanent members of the Security Council, as well as appreciating the

widespread approval which the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical

Weapons has gained by the majority of member states,

Stressing the need for tighter import/ export control on international trade, yet

realising the difficulty of monitoring the international trade of chemical and biological

weapons, as well as understanding the requirements of adopting a proper method of

verification to ensure that the parties that have signed the BWC and CWC and other

relevant resolutions refrain from acquiring, using, and transferring chemical and

biological weapons,

Deeply concerned with serious acts of extensive violence that have risen over the last

months, noting the Arab Spring as well as the civil war in Syria, which increase the

chance of proliferation risks,

Determined to foster strict respect for the purposes and principles enshrined in the

Charter of the United Nations, while considering the ultimate purpose of the United

Nations to maintain international peace and security and, to that end, take effective

collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to peace and for the

suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of peace, in accordance with the

principles of justice and international law,

Firmly believing that effective measures to deter and defend against terrorism using

chemical and biological weapons should be accomplished through a coordinated,

multilateral effort to the extent practicable,

Recognising States' legitimate right to self-defense or the inhibition of socio-

economic development, when not interfering in the sovereignty of Member States,

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Acknowledging the fact that less economically developed countries (LEDCs) are

limited in the level of effort and number of methods required to help decrease the

transferring, manufacturing, developing and usage of chemical and biological

weapons, as well as the destruction of any that they have,

1) Urges member states to comply with the goals of the UN’s Disarmament Committee for international security and peace by:

a) Determining that a state considered to be of concern to the UN for the purpose

of this resolution in the event of:

i. The Security Council deeming any action to be in violation of an

International disarmament treaty, such as, but not limited to, the NPT,

CCW, CWC, BWC or ABM to which it is a party, or a security council

resolution on disarmament,

ii. The Security Council hoIding evidence of the state possessing biological

or chemical materials intended for malicious use and proving to be an

imminent threat to international peace and security,

b) Appeals to all Member States, to consider early accession to and ratification of

the above Treaties and other non-proliferation agreements, implementing and

complying with the entirety of all provisions of such agreements,

2) Urges all Member States to agree to disclose any and all information

regarding their government’s arms procurement, including, but not limited to:

i. Amount spent

ii. Type of arms purchased

iii. Purchaser

iv. Purpose

a) Recommends that all governments agree to make all arms procurement

issues fully transparent and that all procurement of nuclear weapons is

properly documented and concise,

b) Strongly urges all nations to agree upon the degree of transparency to be

confirmed at a later date, no later than a year from the effective date of this

resolution;

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3) Encourages the development of non-proliferation education programs and

voluntary codes of conduct in reference to chemical and biological weapons to

promote responsibility among those with access to biological agents and toxins

including:

a) Substantial information on the nature as well as the different dangers of

biological and chemical weapons, which could lead to future detection of

seemingly harmless BWC and CWC including:

i. Dual-use production facilities such as vaccine plants which may have a

“latent” capacity to produce biological agents in wartime, although they may elude detection,

ii. Stockpiles, which may also be small enough to permit easy concealment,

iii. Castor beans and seed cultures;

b) Requiring the collaboration of specialists in the field of science, in non-

proliferation fields, to prevent the undermining of the monitoring of the trade

of biological and chemical agents through:

i. Producers of biological and chemical weapons,

ii. Manufacturers of biological and chemical weapons;

4) Recommends the establishment of a committee, similar to the one referred to in

Security Council Resolution 1540 titled ‘The Chemical and Biological Control Committee’ (TCBCC) which will:

a) Ensure that signatory parties refrain from stockpiling WMD as well as

undertaking the destruction of any weapons that they have by guaranteeing

that reports on the procedure of destroying the chemical and biological

weapons as agreed on in BWC and CWC will be presented to the TCBCC:

i. The reports will be submitted twice a year,

ii. A set deadline should be arranged for a submission date,

b) Guarantee that no chemical or biological weapons are being domestically

or internationally traded:

i. With the exception of being used for medical purposes in small set

quantities such as 100 grams per year,

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ii. More than 20 tonnes of chemicals being traded between signatory

parties should be inspected by the TCBCC,

iii. All chemical and biological weapons’ trades should be tightly controlled and monitored by the TCBCC, which would inspect

shipments and airplanes so that no terrorist groups can get a hold of

them,

c) Carry out both regular and random checks in signatory countries,

especially around international borders, by members of the TCBCC in

signatory states to ensure the non-proliferation of chemical and biological

weapons;

5) Trusts that all Member States will increase monitoring on their nations’ borders and inside the country for any dual-use materials and ingredients being imported,

exported and developed by:

a) Increasing security, patrol units and inspection methods in airports, ports

and borders,

b) Increasing the number of specialized inspectors to be sent to research

facilities and factories that relate to the advance of technology,

c) Including international cooperation when necessary, in accordance with

national authorities and legislation;

6) Requests tighter control and restrictions to be placed on imports and exports of

biological and chemical weapons, such as:

a) The import and export control which should be tightened by sending

members of TCBCC to do regular and random checks on suspected

countries,

b) Potential delivery systems which should be monitored by members of the

TCBCC – delivery systems include:

i. Missiles of all forms such as anti-ship cruise missiles,

ii. Helicopters,

iii. Military aircrafts;

7) Encourages the provision of aid to LEDCs by the UN to prevent and decrease the

rate of development, creation, use, manufacturing, and trade of chemical and

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biological weapons such as increasing funding for research on new methods of

security to detect dangerous toxins and byproducts that can be used to make

biochemical weapons to these countries, which will be monitored by experts to

ascertain that the funds are transferred to the correct location and research area,

8) Demands the organisation of a global campaign by the TCBCC that will expand

on the Chemical & Biological Weapons Non-proliferation Program which is

engaged in a number of activities designed to broaden both public and academic

understanding of biological and chemical and raise awareness of the effects and

dangers of chemical and biological, through the use of different forms of the

media such as:

a) Newspaper articles weapons,

b) TV advertisements,

c) Posters and billboards;

9) Requests the formation of a new branch of the TCBCC, called ‘The Chemical Biological Control Monitoring Committee’ (TCBCMC) to monitor the chemical and biological weapons by:

a) Monitoring the journey of chemical toxins and biological agents by:

i. Personally delivering limited amounts of chemicals toxins and

biological agents to medical research centres,

ii. Receiving finished products from research medical centres and

delivering them directly to manufacturers,

b) Ensuring that no chemical toxins and biological agents fall into the hands

of terrorist groups, by constantly monitoring the stocks throughout the

process,

c) Ensuring that no forms of chemical toxins and biological agents are sold

on the black market;

10) Condemns countries that have not signed any international disarmament treaties or

undertaken the actions specified above to face consequences such as trade

limitations, sanctions and the potential loss of allies.

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DATE: 08/02/13

FORUM: GA1

QUESTION OF: International cooperation towards ending the embargo on North

Korea


PASSED/NOT PASSED

SUBMITTED BY: ERITREA

Defining embargo as the partial or complete prohibition of commerce and trade with a

particular country,

Recalling previous relevant UN resolutions, including Resolution 825 (1993),

Resolution 1540 (2004), Resolution 1695 (2006), Resolution 1718 (2006), Resolution

1874 (2009), Resolution 1887 (2009), as well as the statements of its President of 6

October 2006 (S/PRST/2006/41), 13 April 2009 (S/PRST/2009/7) and 16 April 2012

(S/PRST/2012/13),

Reaffirming that both the proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons

and their means of delivery constitute a threat to international peace and

security,

Recognizing the freedom of all states to explore and use outer space in accordance

with international law, including restrictions imposed by relevant Security Council

resolutions,

Expressing the gravest concern at the nuclear test conducted by the Democratic

People’s Republic of Korea (or “DPRK”) on 25 May 2009 in violation

of UN Resolution 1718 (2006) and Resolution 1874 (2009),

Recognising that the development of a nuclear warhead by the DPRK challenges the

Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and threatens peace and stability in the

region and beyond,

Condemning the launch by the DPRK on 12 December 2012, which used ballistic

missile technology in violation of the sanctions imposed on it,

Stressing its collective support for the NPT and commitment to strengthen the

Treaty in all its aspects, and global efforts towards nuclear non-proliferation and

nuclear disarmament, and recalling that the DPRK cannot have the status of a

nuclear-weapon state in accordance with the NPT in any case,

Underlining once again the importance that the DPRK responds to the

security and humanitarian concerns of the international community,

Underlining also that measures imposed by this resolution are not intended to

have adverse humanitarian consequences for the civilian population of the DPRK,

1. Requests the careful monitoring of the situation inside the country and the

frequent creation of reports about the stability and living standards as well as the

arms development;

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2. Recommends that the normalisation talks between North Korea and Japan are

resumed as soon as possible to resolve matters which will improve the 2 countries

relations such as

a) Japanese compensation to North Korea for Japan’s colonial rule between

1910 and 1945;

b) The release of Japanese hostages held against their will in the country or at

least information about their current situation;

3. Proposes the imposition of stricter measures regarding the smuggling of banned

goods by having more detailed security checks at ports, allowing states to seize

and dispose of items consistent with previous resolutions with methods of disposal

such as but not limited to destruction, storage or transferring to states other than

the originating or destination state for disposal;

4. Invites the Security Council to impose travel bans on scientists and engineers who

would visit North Korea in the case of further actions concerning developing

warfare;

5. Demands that the DPRK refrain from further launches using ballistic missile

technology and abandon all nuclear weapons and existing nuclear programmes in

a complete, verifiable and irreversible manner in compliance with resolutions

1718 (2006) and 1874 (2009);

6. Underlines that measures imposed by resolutions 1718 (2006) and 1874 (2009)

are not intended to have adverse humanitarian consequences for the civilian

population of the DPRK;

7. Urges the return of the DPRK to the international community and mutual

cooperation towards ending sanctions imposed upon her by:

a) The DPRK returning, without precondition, to another round of the Six-

Party talks,

b) The DPRK immediately retracting its announcement of withdrawal from

the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons,

c) Urges further that the DPRK return to the International Atomic Energy

Agency (IAEA) safeguards, and adhere to its obligations to international

peace and stability;

8. Decides that the DPRK shall abandon all nuclear weapons and existing ballistic

missile programmes in a complete, verifiable, and irreversible manner, shall act in

strict compliance to the obligations applicable to parties under the Treaty on the

Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, and shall provide the IAEA transparency

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measures, including unlimited access to individuals, documentation, and allowing

IAEA officials to monitor the closure of the DPRK’s nuclear facilities, in return for measures which would relax current sanctions on the DPRK, including, but not

limited to:

a) Improved food and humanitarian aid granted directly to North Korean

citizens by Member States,

b) Interest free loans granted to the DPRK by Member States over a 20-year

period, to be used exclusively for humanitarian and development purposes,

c) Removal of the restrictions on Member States to export luxury goods to

North Korea, as imposed by Security Council resolution 1718, and defined

under Council Regulation number 329/2007;

9. Recognises the importance the DPRK’s nuclear reactors, capable of producing weapons grade plutonium, hold to its energy production, and thus proposes

several measures be taken in the event of their dismantling such as:

a) The replacement of aforementioned nuclear reactors with the construction

of several large power plants in North Korea, to be supported with

financial assistance from Member States,

b) The granting of sufficient quantities of fuel aid from Member States to aid

with the DPRK’s heating and electricity production;

10. Affirms the need of the Security Council and its member states to adopt a clear

definition of the goods, equipment, and technology whose supply is prohibited

under the current economic sanctions imposed on the DPRK, and limiting these

sanctions solely to financial assistance or the direct supply of equipment and

technology which can be used in the production of nuclear weapons;

11. Affirms that it shall keep the DPRK’s actions under continuous review, so as to ensure it remains in compliance with the provisions of the resolution;

12. Urges member States to establish consulates in North Korea if they have not

already;

13. Further encourages Member States to engage in dialogue with North Korea and

welcome the country in any sort of trade bloc or alliance that they participate in

14. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.

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RESOLUTION CODE: GA/01/A/08

DATE: 08/02/13

FORUM: GA1

QUESTION OF: International cooperation towards ending the embargo of North

Korea


PASSED/NOT PASSED

The General Assembly Committee 1,

Submitted by: CHINA

Recalling UN resolution 1718 of June 2006 which states that the trade of enumerated

categories of weapons, ballistic missiles related goods, and luxury goods to DPRK is

prohibited, and UN resolution 1874 of June 2009 which states that all arms trade

between North Korea and the member states is prohibited except SALW (Small Arms

and Light Weapons),

Expressing its hope that Kim-Jong Un, having stated that “the building of an economic giant” is his country’s most pressing task, continues making progress in improving living conditions in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK), acknowledging that small changes need to be made before large scale reforms can

take place,

Keeping in mind that embargoes often fail to produce the intended results, such as

effectively changing affairs in the country toward "democratization and greater

respect for human rights”,

Emphasising the non-aggressive nature of rocket technology, which can be utilized

for peaceful reasons, such as launching satellites in order to monitor crops and

weather patterns, which the DPRK claims was the purpose of the satellite it launched,

Fully aware that six years have passed since the embargo of specific weapons and

ballistic missile-related goods was first imposed on North Korea,

Declaring the embargo as unsuccessful, due to no change in the political structure and

situation of the country, and futile in changing its current situation,

Reaffirming that the embargo directly obstructs the economic development of North

Korea,

Taking note of the more intensive screening of trade and the banning of dual-use

high-technology goods which might contribute to missile development, as proposed

by UN Resolution 2087 (2013), responding to the recent rocket launch,

Further aware that the current form of sanctions has failed to produce any results

whatsoever, but has also escalated the situation, thus creating the need of a different

line of diplomacy, through genuine international cooperation,

Taking into consideration that the aforementioned political situation harms the

bilateral talks between North and South Korea, and the prospect of peaceful co-

existence,

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Confirming that the DPRK is obligated to abandon all other existing weapons of mass

destruction and ballistic missile programme in a thorough, demonstrable way,

Bearing in mind that North Korea ratified the Nuclear Non-Proliferation treaty on

December 12, 1985, but gave notice of withdrawal from the treaty on January 10,

2003 following U.S. allegations that it had started an illegal enriched uranium

weapons programme, with the U.S. subsequently stopping fuel oil shipments under

the Agreed Framework which had resolved plutonium weapons issues in 1994,

1. Authorises the creation of the United Nations North Korea Diplomatic

Mission (UNNKDM), which shall:

a. Consist of:

i. The following Member States, as active negotiators, named

“Active Member-States”: China, Japan, North Korea, South Korea,

ii. The following Member States as observers, which shall provide

feedback: United States of America, Russian Federation,

iii. The following regional organization as an observer, which shall

also provide feedback: the Asian Cooperation Dialogue (ASD),

b. Undertake the goal of:

i. Resolving the underlying factors of the current United Nations

embargoes on North Korea,

ii. Identifying and promoting the talks for the cooperation between

North Korea and South Korea, whether that is commercial,

diplomatic, in the area of law enforcement or military,

c. Be authorized by the United Nations (UN) to:

i. Maintain a multinational task force consisting of peacekeepers,

diplomatic and expert personnel from the active Member-States

ii. Complete programmed inspections or inspections called by the

UNO on physical material, nuclear plants and nuclear weapons

facilities within the borders of North Korea, in order to ensure

that this resolution is fully enforced,

iii. Review reports on the phasing out of nuclear weapons given by

North Korea and South Korea

iv. Undertake inspections on maritime vessels, within the maritime

borders of North and South Korea, if deemed necessary by the

active Member-States,

v. Store and safeguard any idle and neutralised nuclear

equipment,

d. Be tasked with preparing quarterly status reports for the United

Nations Secretariat and General Assembly on the North Korea

dispute progress,

e. Replace the Six Party Talks,

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f. Cooperate with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA):

i. In order to ensure and certify the safety conditions of the

nuclear reactors in North Korea and that they are not being

used for military purposes in the time they are active,

ii. To provide expert information on the correct usage of nuclear

energy and the neutralisation of Nuclear Weapons;

2. Calls the Member-States to end the embargo on North Korea on non-military

goods (such as luxuries and fishing related goods) and services or

commodities not connected with the production of Weapons of Mass

Destruction (WMDs), under the following terms:

a) The embargo lifting to be undertaken in 5 yearly phases with the

conditions on North Korea’s behalf to:

i. Cease all nuclear weapons manufacturing and import of

nuclear weapons or materials and deem its nuclear

stockpiles inactive and securely stored,

ii. Guarantee and end any Long Range Ballistic Missile

(LRBC) programs with immediate effect,

iii. Neutralise 10%, 25%, 50%, 85% and 100% of its nuclear

arsenal in five respective phases,

iv. Cease any research on nuclear weapons, disband existing

research and technology centres on this field and agree not

to share existing information,

v. End all underground tests of nuclear weapons,

b) The General Assembly, under advice from the UNNKDM, to set

the goals of each “phase” and the commodities to be released from the embargo, with the affirmation of the United Nations

3. Supports the creation of an international conference in North Korea every year

where countries or private firms can participate and learn about trading

opportunities in North Korea and about new innovations and new products

being made;

4. Requests the integration of North Korea in the International Space Station

(ISS) Program as an active member, and that all of its operations take place

with peaceful motives in cooperation with the programme and the

participating space agencies, while the UNO will subsidize this transition and

the necessary equipment so that North Korea maintains its launch capability

and research potential;

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5. Guarantees the territorial integrity and sovereignty of the state and

administration of North Korea, during the disarmament process, by entitling

the defence of North Korea from any foreign and/or domestic threat to China

and its military forces, always in cooperation with the country’s security forces;

6. Orders the creation of the Central Funding Committee for Korea (CFCK)

composed of an international scientific and economic expert team to assist

development in both areas, which shall also allocate UN funds:

a) To the national North Korean Technology and Research and

Development (R&D) sector so that they can develop commercial

commodities and abandon nuclear weapons and related projects,

b) To the national North Korean Energy sector so that they can develop

alternative methods of energy production, specially hydroelectric

plants, that shall render the country sufficiently independent on energy

and substitute all nuclear reactors to only “light-water” nuclear

reactors,

c) To subsidize North and South Korean conglomerates and joint-

ventures and commercial schemes on all commercial sectors;

7. Reaffirms the jurisdiction of the United Nations Organisation and its agencies

and the International Court of Justice’s jurisdiction to enforce International

Law;

8. Proposes that full annulment of the embargo is considered by the Member-

States, in the case that North Korea’s long-term compliance is deemed

completely satisfactory;

9. Recommends the promotion of tourism, in and out of Korea by:

a) Creating more air routes towards North Korea and allowing all

commercial airlines to travel there,

b) Making it easier to travel there with a regular visa from any country in

the world,

c) Promoting North Korea’s culture and history and offering attractive

tourist opportunities;

10. Trusts that all Member-States involved will show sincerest participation and

dedication to the international community’s efforts to promote a logical and practical solution.

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DATE: 8/2/2013

FORUM: GA1

QUESTION OF: The demilitarization and withdrawal of international mineral

extraction operations in the Arctic


PASSED/NOT PASSED

Alarmed by significant climate changes and the melting of ice and the impact on

vulnerable ecosystems, and the effect on the livelihoods of local inhabitants and

indigenous companies and the potential exploitation of natural resources,

Recognizing that climate change in the Arctic has increased by 2 to 3 degrees Celsius

in the last 50 years because of global warming due to extensive mineral extraction,

Aware of the fact that extraction from the arctic is already being prepared for the

coast of Alaska and will take place at 2013 by the company Shell and later on in

Russia,

Realizing that 13% of the world’s undiscovered oil, 30% of it is untrapped natural gas and vast amount of minerals with estimated value of 1.5-2 trillion US dollars is in the

arctic region and by percentage it is the main mining area in the world,

Aware of the Arctic Council (forum for political discussions on the common issues to

the governments of the Arctic States and its inhabitants) and its members (Canada,

Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Russia and the USA),

Taking into consideration the international Law that declares the region of the Arctic

circle is not owned by any state,

1. Requests that the observer states of the Arctic Council (France, Germany, Netherlands,

Poland, Spain, United Kingdom) as well as UN members should set up their own body, in

which discussions of mutual interests regarding the Arctic are made, hence creating a

solid influence in the Arctic council;

2. Urges the UN to remove all foreign military aspects from the Arctic and replace them

with UN peacekeeping forces in order to establish sovereignty and a secure the Arctic

free from danger;

3. Draws attention to the thousands of local tribes that are in the risk of being swept away

due to commercial extraction in areas rich in oil and minerals, the UN has to:

a) Do everything in its power to prevent exploitation of the indigenous people,

b) Create a local commune in which the rights of local inhabitants are protected and

henceforward be represented in the Arctic council for implementation;

4. Affirms funding and subsidizing of investment by the United Nations through media

campaigns, in an effort to dissuade people from buying fossil fuels;

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DATE: 8/2/2013

FORUM: GA1

QUESTION OF: The demilitarization and withdrawal of international mineral

extraction operations in the Arctic


PASSED/NOT PASSED

5. Considers the integration of the international Arctic Research centre and other

independent agencies such as the US Arctic research Commission(USARC) and the

Netherlands Arctic Station to bring about more solid data and information on matters

concerning:

a) Climate change,

b) Mining,

c) Geographical stability and issues surrounding the Arctic world

hence simplifying decision making;

6. Stresses the fact that mineral extractions should be monitored by the United Nations by

using a quota to limit the amount of resources extracted from the Arctic region and

possibly prevent any monopolies from growing in the Arctic;

7. Requests the development of new environmental policies in which countries that affect

the Arctic in a negative way will have responsible environmental scientists monitoring

future operations, these scientists will be integrated from the IARC (International Arctic

Research Center),

8. Further condemns that If countries fail to comply to the legislations set by the UN the

repercussions will include:

a) Limited mining rights

b) Expulsion from Arctic council or observer status;

9. Approves NATO’s military exercises in the arctic such as the one called ‘Cold response’ and congratulates their effort on the protection of the arctic region from terrorism and

suggests the full cooperation of all the arctic countries to participate together in military

exercises in order to be prepared for any kind of terrorism or other kind of attacks that could

possibly harm civilians or the environment;

10. Hopes that all member states will give their full cooperation and support to the resolution.

of 4 RESOLUTION CODE: GA/1/B/06 DATE: 9-February-2013 FORUM: General Assembly 1 QUESTION OF: The UN’s role in monitoring the international trade in chemical and

biological weapons


PASSED/NOT PASSED

Recognizing the role of the United Nations in guiding fellow member states towards formulating and maintaining safety measures and eradicating all biological and chemical weapons, Defining chemical and biological weapons (CBWs) as the use of toxic properties of chemicals and pathogens in munitions or dispersal devices used to severely harm or kill people, animals, or plants, Appreciating all continuing efforts of the Implementation Support Unit (ISU) and Organization of the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), Recalling the Geneva Protocol signed on 17th June 1925 which prohibits the use of asphyxiating, poisonous and bacteriological methods of warfare, as well as the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) entered into force March 26th 1975, and Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) adopted by the Conference of Disarmament in Geneva 3rd of September 1992, both of which prohibit the development, production and stockpiling of certain chemical and biological weapons, Recognizing the economic difficulties many LEDCs have been facing due to the current crisis, Noting with satisfaction that 167 states have signed the BWC and that the CWC has a total of 165 signatures, including all permanent members of the Security Council, Concerned by the danger of increasing access to CBWs given the proliferation of potentially dangerous agents and development of their means of delivery, Viewing with apprehension the tense relationship between countries of the Middle East as well as the political situation with some countries domestically, Determined for all countries to effectively dispose of their respective chemical and biological weapons and programmes, 1. Calls upon states which have neither acceded nor signed the CWC and/or the Biological and Toxins Weapons Convention (BTWC) to do so in the next two years; 2. Seeks the formation of the International Agency of the Control of Chemical and Biological Trade and Disposal (IACCBTD) in order to assist the ISU and carefully track the movement of biological and chemical toxins and regulate trade of such substances to bring the illegal transfer of dangerous biochemicals to an end through measures including, but not restricted to:

a) having local UN officials monitoring border points between countries and

checking all cargo entering and exiting a country,


biological weapons


PASSED/NOT PASSED

b) the introduction and enforcement of a limit, of up to $25,000, on the amount

of possible toxin forming materials that a state can import,

c) the careful, systematic and also random inspection of each nation’s biochemical programme and weapons disposal facilities by a group of

unbiased experts, chosen by the UN, with an expert from each ratified state

that will patrol sea and aerial ports that are the most crucial in trading

biological and chemical weapons;

3. Suggests the destruction of chemical and biological weapons:

a) by seeking advice from the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) which outlines the methods in which the destruction of weapons should strictly follow the CWC,

b) through the method of incineration, which is the combustion that converts chemical weapons into ash, water vapour and carbon dioxide which are more easily managed,

c) through neutralization which is a process that breaks down the chemical agents with hot water and a caustic compound,

d) through distribution by air as biological agents may also be destroyed by UV light or by rain;

4. Encourages maximum collaboration by all ratified signatory states in order to ensure universal protection from such weapons and the possible outbreak of biochemical warfare through the use of incentives such as, though not confined to:

a) each compliant state that has effectively met the requirements within the time

frame being reimbursed for up to 50% of their costs of disposing of their

weapons,

i) provided that the costs of the disposal have been taken from the country’s GDP and not from money donated as aid, ii) only if the countries can thoroughly prove to the UN that their weapons have been destroyed and their programmes stopped;

5. Recommends all nations to further improve security measures in any trade checkpoints suspected of being used to smuggle CBWs this may include:

a) investing in equipment used to detect the presence of chemical or

biological weapons, such as hand-held portable identifiers, as well as

fast and simple test kits, used to rapidly screen suspicious samples,

b) further military training in the detection, confiscation and disposal of

CBWs;


biological weapons


PASSED/NOT PASSED

6. Proposes to create a separate official unit, in each member country, as a sub-sector of a weapons specializing military sector that will:

a) exclusively monitor and control any trade of CWs and BWs, b) manage, as well as judge any illegal actions, including trade, pertaining to CWs and BWs, that in any way pose a risk to national and international security of any state, c) create a Head Quarters agency with unbiased agents that will assess each country’s situation pertaining to all CWs and BWs and report back for further analysis and further action;

7. Strongly urges that all weapons that cannot be destroyed immediately are stored in a secure place that is:

a) controlled by the UN and that no particular country can be in charge of this area,

b) at an extremely low temperature in which the chemical and biological danger of

these weapons is reduced and they are safe to destroy;

8. Strongly recommends the creation of an international implementing body the ‘Organization for the Prohibition of Biological Weapons’ (OPBW) where all member states of the

Biological Weapons Convention shall:

a) be able to ask for assistance from the OPBW when:

i. attacked with BWs by another country,

ii. the use of BWs in another country affects the lives of their citizens

directly,

iii. they suspect the use of BWs against them due to a conflict,

b) benefit from cooperation among scientists of all the members of the OPBW in

order to find vaccinations and drugs against the effects of the BWs,

c) have the right to research and use bacteria, viruses or toxins in order to develop

vaccines and antibodies to be utilized if biological warfare takes place but this

will be strictly inspected by authorized experts to confirm the peaceful use of this

research;

9. Approves the creation of a common fund known as the Chemical Weapons Convention Fund (CWCF) in which all member-states of the CWC will contribute annually based on their economic ability and whose purpose will be to:

a) assist less-economically developed member-states to accelerate the destruction of

chemical weapon stockpiles,

b) set up national agencies which would track down and arrest chemical weapon

smugglers by:

i. providing military defence or medical assistance to fellow member states,

c) enable the OPCW to extend its number of local inspectorates overseeing chemical

weapon destruction facilities located in:

i. every capital city of every single member of the CWC,

ii. recent war zones,


biological weapons


PASSED/NOT PASSED

iii. identified terrorist areas,

d) finance research schemes aimed at developing sophisticated software to detect illicit

trade of chemical weapons;

10. Expresses the sincere wish that the implications of this resolution shall minimise the illicit trade of chemical and biological weapons and that the widest possible cooperation shall be secured amongst the member-states.

of 4


DATE: 08-February-2013

FORUM: General Assembly 2

QUESTION OF: Monitoring the safe disposal of nuclear waste and ensuring the

construction of secure nuclear power plants away from geologically

unstable regions.


PASSED/NOT PASSED

The General Assembly 2,

Defining “nuclear waste” as a waste product containing radioactive material which results from nuclear fission,

Realizing that the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has so far functioned

impressively well with the support of 155 member states in tracking nuclear nations,

Endorsing the IAEA’s mission statement to develop nuclear safety standards and

based on these standards, promotes the achievement and maintenance of high levels

of safety in applications of nuclear energy, as well as, the protection of human health

and the environment against ionizing radiation,

Declaring accordingly that safe methods such as geological disposal for the final

storage of high-level radioactive waste are technically proven and are maintained by

international consensus,

Approving that the European Council of 24/25 March, 2011, requested that the safety

of all European nuclear plants should be reviewed, on the basis of a comprehensive

and transparent risk and safety assessment, “stress tests”, which are defined as targeted reassessments of the safety margins of nuclear power plants,

Emphasizing the essence of secure storage of the nuclear waste as its radioactivity

may cause severe increase in cancer cases with the example being the leakage of

radiation after the Chernobyl accident with a total death toll of four thousand,

Fully alarmed by the fact that 20% of the global power plants are constructed in areas

geologically unstable and earthquake-prone such as in Turkey, Mersin and the Diablo

Canyon Power Plant in California, US,

1. Trusts the IAEA in its missions of ‘Safeguards’ and ‘Peaceful Use’ to keep nuclear energy clear of war purposes, such as nuclear weapons, that can result

in very unsafe disposal of highly reactive materials and also personal use of

nuclear energy by;

a) registering every single nuclear plant officially,

b) checking that only energy is produced in each legal power plant,

c) using satellites to detect any other visible processing plant that is

not registered to the IAEA,

d) co-operate fully with agencies that are specially trained and

equipped to monitor suspicious persons/groups/entities that may

pose a risk to nuclear safety or have malicious intent regarding the

usage of nuclear power;

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unstable regions.


PASSED/NOT PASSED

2. Urges the IAEA to introduce two new sub-missions under its Nuclear Safety

Mission: one responsible for the safety of Nuclear Plants and the other one

responsible for the safe disposal of waste, which will act similarly to NUMO’s (Nuclear Waste Management Organization) policy of engaging in the mission

of ensuring long term safe management of radioactive waste in Japan,

adopted; however, on an international level with its headquarters in Vienna as

well , branched bodies in all member states;

3. Requests the Nuclear Plants Safety Mission to create a scheme in which the

IAEA will allow power plants to be built only in areas that are clear of the risk

of natural and human-made disasters, that will be determined by the mission

by:

a) requesting every country to apply to the aforementioned mission to

get permission to build plants,

b) sending officials, to check the area applied for,

c) using historical statistics to see the chance of natural disasters

occurring,

d) studying the region indicated in order to find if there is any terrorist

organization active in the area that might sabotage the plant;

4. Suggests to reduce the amount of Nuclear Power Plants worldwide and so that

more effort can be concentrated on fewer left behind, thus ensuring a safer

running of power plants left, making sure nothing goes wrong again, making

them more modern and keeping them up to date;

5. Recommends the Nuclear Plants Safety, aforementioned mission, to set public

health and safety standards for the disposal of radioactive waste from a

repository, as well as, requesting governments to fine all owners of power

plants producing high levels of radioactive waste;

6. Resolves that any nuclear waste processing facilities are established in close

proximity to the producing nuclear power plant so as to ensure the safe

transport of the waste, and minimize the risk of it being lost or damaged;

7. Expresses its hope for the application of unplanned “stress tests” for nuclear power plants in states using nuclear energy to raise the security of plants, the

IAEA will observe the plants and disposal areas annually and take the

appropriate actions which may include but not be limited to:

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unstable regions.


PASSED/NOT PASSED

a) warning systems which are not of the highest standard, and give the

opportunity to adjust their nuclear power plants to a higher security

standard within a year,

b) providing suggestions and financial help to improve and increase

security;

8. Calls for the UN Security Council to request to relocate all nuclear power

plants planned to be constructed in regions proved of being unstable in terms

of tectonic plate movement by giving them incentives instead, such as, but not

limited to:

a) lower taxes,

b) cheaper land prices, in order to move, preferably, in non-earthquake

prone areas;

9. Supports the presentation of the European Repository Development

Organization (ERDO), established by 14 states aiming to collaborate on

nuclear waste disposal model, to potentially interested countries, so that they

can decide whether and when to set up the ERDO and whether they would

wish to be part of it;

10. Promotes the method of burying radioactive nuclear waste in deep geological

repositories, such as in ONKALO in Finland, so that more use of this

considerably sustainable method will be established by 2020;

11. Suggests that more funding should be provided to research groups aiming to

find a way of recycling uranium, so as to limit the amount of nuclear fuel

wasted after:

a) discussing the advantages of recycling with government officials,

b) making agreements with nuclear nations, promising them funds if

recycling is used instead of dumping;

12. Further suggests any research that could provide better solutions of disposing

radioactive wastes may include but not limited to:

a) development of new, safer methods of transporting and packaging

waste, for example packages made from new metal alloys should be

tested,

b) reduction of the radio toxicity of high level waste,

c) immobilization of high level radioactive waste;

13. Reaffirms that the UN needs to raise awareness and education on issues

concerning nuclear power and geologically unstable regions by:

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unstable regions.


PASSED/NOT PASSED

a) seminars, media, lectures in schools and educational programmes

designed after data has been collected and analysed to sensitise the

public to concerns and conditions of the usefulness of a nuclear

power plant and its concerns,

b) annual conferences of nuclear power plant management boards,

hosted by IAEA, World Nuclear Association (WNA) and the afore-

mentioned IAEA submission related to nuclear waste disposal, to

find solutions on dealing with the problem,

c) workshops aiming to provide information to people about

geological facts of their region, as well as, assessing the advantages

and disadvantages of constructing nuclear power plants in specific

areas;

14. Encourages member states to remain active on the matter.

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QUESTION OF: The environmental sustainability of the BRIC countries within an

international context


PASSED/NOT PASSED

Defining BRIC countries as a grouping acronym that refers to the countries of Brazil,

Russia, India and China, which are all seen to be at a similar stage of newly advanced

economic development according to the international law and the relevant treaties and

resolutions,

Defining environmental sustainability as the phenomenon when a society and an

economy operate productively without harming the environment and create an

economically viable way of life,

Emphasising that in world history there has never been a nation which developed into

a major industrial power without environmental damage that might require many

years and a significant amount of capital to undo,

Reminding member states of the current results of The Commitment to Development

Index (CDI), with environmental protection as a measurement, where BRICs rank

amongst the first eleven, in contrast to their past records,

Having considered BRIC countries contain over 40% of the world’s population,

Taking into account that a very high percentage of consumers in the BRIC countries

(nearly 80%) are highly concerned about global warming and climate change and that

BRIC countries have changed their political system to embrace global capitalism,

Recalling the UNEP Production and Consumption of Ozone Depleting Substances

(1986-1998 and October 1999) as well as the 2001 UNEP Convention,

Recognizing that there is an increase in environmentally friendly policies from and

within the BRIC countries such as China’s latest Five-Year Plan, the plastic recycling

industry in India which generates 700 million GBP annually and Brazil’s Plan for the Acceleration of Growth which aims to protect and maintain the Amazon rainforest

which has been negatively affected throughout the last 30 years,

Deeply regretting the failure of the Kyoto Protocol to create a universally accepted set

of obligations which aim to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases,

1. Urges all BRIC countries to invest and research in production technologies in

order to be more efficient and create more product whilst producing less

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PASSED/NOT PASSED

waste, with investment in latest waste utilization technologies, if countries

have not done so;

2. Requests the monitoring of the urbanisation of all the BRIC countries by creating a

UN funded urban planning program (the Urban Planning Committee for BRIC Cities

or UPCBC) which will:

a) be present in every BRIC megacity,

b) have a flexible and variable goal depending on the city in which it is

operating, including:

i) organising and designing the construction of infrastructure,

ii) redeveloping and renovating ageing buildings,

iii) reducing congestion in cities,

iv) ensuring against the expansion and creation of shanty towns,

v) creating public parks and “green” zones, c) cooperate with the municipal government in order to achieve its goals,

d) comprise specialists hailing from any member states;

3. Encourages the movement away from the secondary/manufacturing sector to the

tertiary/services sector as there is significantly less pollution in services by means of:

a) improving literacy levels through education as people will acquire more

skills and knowledge to find employment in the tertiary sector,

b) retraining employees of the secondary sector, aiming for employment in

the tertiary sector;

4. Suggests the introduction of performance targets to manufacturing firms which will

drive companies to update their old, harmful machinery to more efficient ones and

reward companies respectively by giving public recognition;

5. Calls upon BRIC nations to create a committee, the Encouragement of

Environmental Sustainability in BRIC (EESBRIC) within the UN where the BRIC

nations will be able to come to arrangements between each other on how to increase

environmental sustainability and encourage each other to do so, with measures that

cover but are not limited to:

a) cutting down GHG emissions by 20% by 2020,

b) decreasing deforestation by 40% in 10 years time,

c) replanting trees that have been cut down,

d) continue developing sustainable energies, such as wind power, solar panels

and hydro-electrical power to make them more efficient,

e) set up a fund to help reach the goals in time and provide for emergency

environmental situations,

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PASSED/NOT PASSED

f) have eligible UN observers to inspect factories every six months at an

undisclosed time to ensure that progress is actually being made;

6. Encourages members of BRIC to promote environmentally friendly ideas in their

countries through methods such as, but not limited to:

a) commercials on televisions,

b) advertisements on billboards,

c) radio broadcasts,

d) compulsory education on environmental sustainability at all public schools;

7. Requests all BRIC countries to follow a process of an effective transition into a

greener economy, involving:

a) the renovation of polluting power stations,

b) the improvement of transport by:

i. reducing the cost of public transport tickets,

ii. improving the public transport networks which people can

use,

iii. reducing the taxes on vehicles which are friendly to the

environment,

c) changes in the price system since:

i. purchase of products which are friendly to the environment

are more expensive,

ii. factories and companies often pollute the environment to

avoid expensive developments;

8. Further requests the reduction of the emission of nitrous oxide by prohibiting

the use of agricultural pesticides;

9. Urges all countries to implement stricter laws under the Environmental Protection

Agency (EPA) which develops and enforces regulations that span many

environmental topics where both the public and companies will be prosecuted for:

a) hazardous waste disposal,

b) use of harmful toxic substances,

c) oil or hazardous chemicals released into environment,

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PASSED/NOT PASSED

d) air pollution;

10. Calls upon all nations to recycle products such as bottles, tins and other recyclable

material by:

a) subsidizing private recycling plants,

b) setting up state owned recycling plants,

c) adopting environmental laws specifically targeting recycling used in EU;

11. Strongly recommends the increased use of sustainable and renewable resources

for future power generating policies within the BRIC countries in the fifteen years by:

a) providing subsidies to private businesses when using renewable energy

resources for their electricity, heating or both,

b) gradually raising the costs of unsustainable production in all major industries

through taxing in order to make sustainable power generating policies more

competitive;

12. Requires that all governments of the BRIC countries spend a minimum of three

percent of their annual budget on either implementing new sustainable growth

schemes or on research for such projects with monthly progress being recorded and

monitored;

13. Hopes that the BRIC countries, as well as all member states, will commit to,

cooperate with and support the UN’s efforts to achieve long term environmental

sustainability.

of 3


DATE: 09/02/13

FORUM: GA3

QUESTION OF: The rights of refugees and displaced persons fleeing from conflicts

in North Africa and the Middle East


PASSED/NOT PASSED

Defining a refugee as a person who is forced to migrate from their home in order to

escape war, conflict, famine or persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality,

membership of a particular social group, or political opinion within their country,

Alarmed by the scale of refugee movement in countries of North Africa and beyond,

since the eruption of the Arab spring on the 18th December 2010 in Tunisia,

Concerned that the majority of nations that have ratified the 1951 Refugee

Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees have not adopted domestic legislation

to implement the treaty,

Distressed by the fact that mass refugee movements hold serious economic

implications, with most displaced people seeking employment and many Middle

Eastern and North African nations facing bankruptcy and debt as a result of their

diminishing labour force,

Deeply regretting that many thousands of lives are lost at sea as a result of refugees

and asylum seekers from the middle east and north Africa MENA region choosing

dangerous boat journeys as their method of escape,

Apprehensive due to the amount of refugees that has been increasing since 1990,

estimated at 43.3 million worldwide according to the United Nations High

Commission of Refugees, of which 27.1 million are internally displaced and 9 million

are asylum seekers,

Troubled by the fact that the UNHCR and host governments have registered more

than 350,000 Syrian refugees in Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey, with the number

continuing to rise,

Disturbed by the living conditions that the refugees often endure as a result of their

poverty and the deprivation of water, nutrition and electricity,

1. Suggests the uniform concentration of refugees throughout a country to prevent

over-crowded settlements by:

a) Appointing several people from the UNHCR approved by the government

in question to count the number of refugees within areas of a five

kilometre radius in each designated area and present statistics on a

monthly basis,

b) Recommending or directing refugees to stay in less crowded areas, causing

less disruption to the country’s citizens, as well as having easier access to aid;

2. Aiming to avoid;

a) the creation of ‘ghettos’ in the country,

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DATE: 09/02/13

FORUM: GA3




PASSED/NOT PASSED

b) refugee accommodation only in specific areas which will be the UNHCR’s

or national housing agencies;

3. Strongly recommends all member states to create secure and comfortable

environments for refugees by constructing or expanding refugee facilities such as

but not limited to:

a) Providing assistance when the border of the hosting country is being

crossed in terms of forms of transportation and basic clothing;

b) Medical care with the help of the WHO (World Health Organisation),

c) Education for the refugee minors by UNICEF in coordination with state

schools,

d) Emergency food supplies by UNHCR with constant quality checks;

4. Aims to create a media campaign to create awareness and a wider knowledge of

refugee issues, promoting the awareness and support of the public with methods

such as but not limited to:

a) Putting up posters and other visual aids with eye-catching information,

b) Having leaflets and other publications available in public areas;

5. Strongly recommends an expansion of the UNHCR within the Middle East and

North Africa so that it can be more effective in:

a) Assisting in allocating refugees in accordance with their personal

preferences and needs,

b) Distributing goods and supplies equally to the refugees,

c) Monitoring the preservation of refugee human rights;

6. Calls upon particular specialized NGOs dealing with the rights of refugees and

asylum seekers such as the International Committee of the Red Cross and the

International Organization of Migration (IOM) to extend their presence in the

regions affected by the massive arrival of refugees and asylum seekers to help

reduce the strain on countries overpopulated by asylum seekers and refugees,

7. Encourages the creation of an international educational programme in order to

educate citizens of all nations on the cultures of others, to promote acceptance and

tackle racism, intolerance and xenophobia and help achieve better inter-racial

relations in the event that their citizens are displaced,

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DATE: 09/02/13

FORUM: GA3




PASSED/NOT PASSED

8. Recommends an increase in refugee entry in countries, keeping in mind the

capability of centres, shelters and national forces (police, hospitals) to deal with

the number of refugees, by having:

a) Monthly checks (carried out by UNHCR) with regards to the refugee

population in the country,

b) A pre-set limit of number of refugees per doctor and area ( which should be

implemented by UNHCR and the government) to avoid over-crowded medical and

housing shelters by setting limits so that:

i) Per doctor, the range of total patients should be 1000-1200,

ii) Per kilometer squared of land, the total population should be within

the range of 450 – 600;

9. Designates a group of agents in UNHCR with combined efforts from those in

national housing companies, to find homes and housing facilities for the “shelter-less” until the validation of their refugee status, while acknowledging that:

a) The area to refugee population density statistics must be referred to first to

see if the area is appropriate,

b) Basic essential housing conditions such as heating, clean water supply and

electricity supply can be provided;

10. Strongly recommends that refugees who have been in a host country for more than

three years are entitled to ‘green cards’ or visas if their country is still unstable so that their safety can be assured, otherwise they will be forced to move to seek

refuge in another country;

11. Hopes that all member states will demonstrate sincere commitment, cooperation

and support to combat the infringement of rights of the refugees from North

Africa and the Middle East.

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in North Africa and the Middle East.


PASSED/NOT PASSED


Recalling that in the 1951 Geneva Convention relating to the status of refugees, the

UN defines refugees as people who leave their home countries “owing to well-

founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, or

membership of a particular social group or political opinion,”

Distinguishing an internally displaced person as a person forced to flee their home as

a result of, or in order to avoid situations of generalised violence who has not crossed

an internationally recognised border,

Recognising that the status of an asylum seeker can only be reviewed and classified as

a refugee only by virtue of the applicable law,

Acknowledging refugees who have not integrated well as persons with uncertainty of

shelter, health, education, food security and sanitation,

Realising that international law recognises the right of refugees to seek asylum,

however, does not force countries to do so according to the Refugee Convention

1951, subsequently meaning that a country can choose not to aid asylum seekers by

not identifying them as refugees,

Taking into account the already high number of displaced persons from this region

because of previous conflicts but also the current “Arab Spring” conflicts, the number of displaced people in the Middle East and North Africa being well above 12 million,

with the biggest source being Palestinians followed by Iraqis, along with rising

numbers in Syria,

Appreciating previous efforts on the question of the rights of refugees such as the

creation of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), to make

certain that all persons can exercise the right to seek asylum and find safe refuge in

another state, and to return home voluntarily,

Recalling that the International Organisation of Migration (IOM) aids with the return

of rejected asylum seekers and refugees mentioned by the UNHCR as well as the

International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) which is an independent

humanitarian organisation that acts as a neutral body in supporting and protecting

victims of war,

Emphasizing that despite the efforts of the previous humanitarian bodies, legislations

concerning the rights of refugees have not been made clear, consequently the number

of refugees and internally displaced persons around the world according to the

UNHCR has reached 26.4 million,

http://www.unhcr.ch/

http://www.iom.int/

http://www.icrc.org/

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PASSED/NOT PASSED

1.Recommends that the host country must have a certain standard to be able to

provide effectively for refugees, taking into account factors such as:

a) The territory provided by each country,

b) The demography,

c) The economical elasticity,

d) The political stability;

2.Suggests that every Member State who offers to take in refugees and grant to them

the rights as stated in 1967 Protocol relating to the status of refugees, a label shall be

given to that State named a United Nations Refugee Supporter State (UNRSS) and

UN financial support shall be offered so as not to weaken that country’s own resources, by means of:

a) Subsidies from UN budget given to each State to aid in the supporting

of the refugees, to be used on, for example:

i. Building housing for the refugees,

ii. Food and clean water,

iii. Schools,

iv. free medical care,

3. Strongly recommends awareness raising events and projects organised by the

UNCHR or NGO’s, like the Red Cross, in the affected countries which can help in:

a) Creating a more accepting society to refugees through cultural events

like:

i. Concerts with multicultural genres of music,

ii. Art exhibitions with material collected from refugees themselves,

b) Raising awareness about the problem of those refugees not integrated

well through speeches, seminars and lectures from the refugees

concerning their lives;

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PASSED/NOT PASSED

4. Suggests the creation of an International Computer Database where, through the

cooperation of member states of the UN, the UNHCR and NGO’s, like Refugees

International and UNICEF, all information on the refugees of countries can be stored

by entering information about refugees in the database which is done so that

bureaucratic difficulties of keeping track of the number and status of refugees is

minimized;

5. Trusts that no refugees return to their home/country, until all conflicts have been

settled and the situation has cleared, in order to ensure people’s security and prosperity, taking into account factors such as:

a) The approval of the individual that is concerned has been granted,

b) The country is effectively and reliably prevented from being involved

in existing or upcoming conflicts,

c) This country has adopted protection measures,

d) The country is economically and politically stable;

6. Proposes that the UN offers schooling which will provide free basic education to

the refugees in order for them to integrate themselves into the country, subsequently

meaning that the total costs of the country will be reduced because there is more

employability for the refugees and Internally Displaced Persons;

7. Requests the governments and organizations such as the UNHCR try to improve

the standard of living of refugees and Internally Displaced persons by:

a) Recommending the creation of a new psychological support department

under the UNHCR supervision,

b) Encouraging the creation of free language-learning workshops in which

refugees will attend for improving communications with citizens;

8. Wishes that there be a system to allow the International Court of Justice (ICJ) fast-

track courts to prosecute any country who denies the appropriate rights to the refugees

residing in that country, unless there is a reason to be addressed such as crime and bad

conduct;

9. Hopes that all Member States cooperate with commitment and dedication to ensure

that the rights of refugees and Internally Displaced Persons are equal for each and

everyone and that further decisions will be taken.

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DATE: 8/2/13

FORUM: GA3

QUESTION OF: : Setting up controls to monitor and prevent the use of child labour,

particularly by large transnational corporations


PASSED/NOT PASSED

Recognising each child’s right to “be protected from economic exploitation and from performing any work that is likely to be hazardous or to interfere with the child’s education, or to be harmful to the child’s health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or

social development”, as stated by Article 32 of the Convention of the Rights of the Child,

Realizing that transnational corporations set up their industries, with profits as their

main goal, in Less Economically Developed Countries (LEDCs) rather than More

Economically Developed Countries (MEDCs) and that they abuse the poor

enforcement of labour laws resulting in the violation of human rights and the use of

child labour,

Deeply regretting the ineffectiveness of setting up controls to monitor and prevent the

use of child labour by transnational corporations and the slowing of the rate of

progress in tackling child labour since 2005,

Recalling the International Labour Organization(ILO) Convention No.138 Minimum

Age Convention 1973 specifically Article 1 and 2, which state that the minimum age

for admission to employment shall not be less than the age of compulsory schooling

and in any case shall not be less than 15 years,

Supporting the International Programme of Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC)

Roadmap for eliminating the worst forms of child labour by 2016,

Noting the prejudicial distribution of income, unemployment and inflation that

inevitably forces parents to send children to work,

Noting with regret that despite the efforts of governments, Non Governmental

Organizations (NGOs) ,and international humanitarian bodies, legislation and

policies are not fully enforced and child labour persists as, according to United

Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) figures, an estimated

215 million children are currently employed,

Emphasizing that child labour is one of the main obstacles preventing children from

receiving primary education due to their full time employment which prevents them

from attend schooling and even when able to combine both, they are forced to leave

school due to the immense pressure of being engaged in both work and education,

Viewing with apprehension the exploitation of children by transnational corporations

and previous incidents involving well-known firms, such as NIKE,GAP,H&M, and

Zara, where corporations have been known to take advantage of children due to low

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DATE: 8/2/13

FORUM: GA3




PASSED/NOT PASSED

wages and force them to work in unacceptable conditions, violating their rights as

children,

1. Strongly urges the monitoring of large transnational companies for child

labour by the government, taking serious measures including, but not limited

to:

a. Regular inspections every 3 months, and unscheduled checks

throughout the year in all companies by representatives of

governments and NGOs,

b. Human Resource professionals, national police forces and specialist

United Nations investigators, to monitor the workers and the

conditions they are under in order to maximize efficiency in the

monitoring;

2. Encourages the publication of a ‘black list’ of transnational corporations

which have been proven and known to have utilized illegal child labour in the

past as a form of punishment. To be removed from this list, the company is

obliged to do the following things:

a. Publically acknowledge their crime and apologize internationally,

b. Compensate the child workers with adequate amounts of money,

c. Add labels/stickers for at least six months on the products they are

selling so people worldwide can see them,

d. Pay a large fine to the ILO, which will create a fund destined to other

and/or future victims of child labour;

3. Authorises strict laws and regulations against child labour to be implemented

in all nations, ensuring that all countries are aware of the severity dealt with

the issue, such as but not limited to:

a) Prison sentences for managers of companies who have been proven

to be aware of the use of child exploitation and child labour,

b) High fines to organisations and managers/directors themselves since

they should take full responsibility of their firm’s work places, c) A deduction of a certain percentage of the total revenue made at the

end of a year of an organisation proved to be involved in child

labour;

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DATE: 8/2/13

FORUM: GA3




PASSED/NOT PASSED

4. Proposes further cooperation with UNICEF where three representatives from

each member state which would be responsible for the monitoring and the

criminal prosecution of companies which seem to be involved in acts of child

labour, responsible to judge the severity of the punishment;

5. Requests the provision of necessary support to families in need, which would

help prevent the development of child labour by creating more stable

environments and conditions, by including but not limiting to:

a) Financial support in order to meet their basic living needs without

having to result in extreme measures such as child labour,

b) Promotion of decent work and livelihood opportunities for adult

workers which would result in a more economically stable financial

standard of living, helping prevent the development of child labour,

c) Investing in projects which would generate future economic activity

ensuring economic development ;

6. Strongly recommends that primary education be made compulsory and freely

available in all nations, ensuring that children are not deprived of their rights

to education because of child labour, promoting access by, but not limited to:

a) The increase of construction of schools in each country in order to

maximize accessibility and ensure that all children have access to an

educational centre in their region,

b) Provision of school materials such as books, pencils and necessary

utilities to the children, in order to avoid any economic burden that

may be associated with them,

c) The improvement of transport facilities, including the introduction or

further development of school buses, in order to ensure that transport is

not an issue in the provision of education,

d) Constant training of teachers in the laws and penalties for recruiting

child labourers so they can inform all students that child labour is

illegal, making them feel safe and comfortable to express if such a

thing is happening and ensuring that this is punished by law,

e) Keeping track of children’s attendance;

7. Calls for actions to be taken so as to raise social awareness of member nation’s leaders, and inhabitants of countries themselves, of the serious crime of child

labour occurring even now around the world. These actions could include, but

are not limited to:

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DATE: 8/2/13

FORUM: GA3




PASSED/NOT PASSED

a) Advertise the crime of child labour through radio and TV stations and

newspapers by exploring its dangers and infringements on human

rights,

b) Conduct conferences in all nations by presentations and speeches made

by UN hired specialists for adults and teenagers which will discuss the

effects and dangers of child labour on children ,

c) Form groups of volunteers in every country to advertise further this

crime by giving out brochures/leaflets in streets and to houses,

d) Further support and significance given to World Day against Child

labour which takes place on 12th

June;

8. Requests the creation of an annual Conference including all nations in the

UN, as well as NGO’s and the operative bodies of the UN such as the ILO, the

IOPRC, UNICEF and the IPEC which will focus on the matter of child labour,

updating on the improvements of each country, exchanging ideas in search of

further solutions to the abolition of the exploitation of children and the further

continuation and involvement in the matter;

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RESOLUTION CODE: GA/3/B/03



QUESTION OF: Recognising the illicit transfer of cultural assets to foreign countries and

returning such assets to the countries of origin.


PASSED/NOT PASSED


Defining the term cultural assets as the movable or immovable property of great importance to

the cultural heritage, such as: monuments of architecture, art or history; archaeological sites;

groups of buildings which, as a whole, are of historical or artistic interest; works of art;

manuscripts, books and other objects of artistic, historical or archaeological interest, as well as,

scientific collections and important collections of books or archives,

Being aware of the definition of 'culture' by Edward Burnett Tylor in his Primitive Culture

(1871): “Culture [...] is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law,

custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society”,

Having in mind that the “illicit transfer” is the transfer of cultural property out of the borders of a country in violation of the laws of the country of origin at the time of the transfer by stealing

or illegally exporting,

Realising that general art crime is often estimated to be the third highest grossing crime after

money laundering and terrorist activities and the fact that antique smuggling was estimated to

be around ten billion dollars worldwide in 2012 and with the Urgent Safeguarding List reaching

11.1 per cent,

Appreciating the previous work of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee for Promoting

Return of Cultural Property to its Countries of Origin or its Restitution in case of Illicit

Appropriation, even though factors such as infrequency of conventions, limitations in funding

and the general lack of interest in the committee have hampered its efficiency,

Having considered the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the

Event of Armed Conflict as an international treaty that requires its signatories to protect cultural

property in war,

Emphasising the importance of the 1970 UNESCO Convention which states that a nation

should define its national treasures, which are of a national importance, in a list and then these

will be protected,

Viewing with appreciation the formation of the 1995 UNIDROIT Convention which actually

supports the 1970 Convention by recognizing the rights of individuals and institutions to have

their property restored to them,

Approving the action of UNESCO, in close cooperation with INTERPOL and the International

Council of Museums, which makes available to member states some basic measures to be taken

concerning the sale of cultural objects via the Internet, since the phenomenon of illegal

trafficking of cultural goods on the Internet is currently growing,

Taking into account that apart from its diplomatic action and its roles as negotiator and

mediator, UNESCO’s Secretariat implements several information and awareness-raising

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PASSED/NOT PASSED

initiatives such as promoting an international code of ethics for traders in cultural property

which builds on the principles laid down in the 1970 Convention,

1. Encourages all member states to ratify and follow the rules of the United Nations

Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Convention on the

Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of

Ownership of Cultural Property 1970, the UNESCO Convention for the

Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict 1954 (a.k.a. the

Hague Convention) and the Second Protocol to the Hague Convention, as well as

the UNIDROIT Convention on Stolen or Illegally Exported Objects;

2. Requests all member states set up licensing systems encompassing all cultural

assets, whereby:

a) Museums and auction houses would be required to provide the

documentation for the assets in their collections, making their transfers

traceable,

b) The data would be shared with the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee

for Promoting Return of Cultural Property to its Countries of Origin or its

Restitution in case of Illicit Appropriation to enable international tracking of

cultural assets;

3. Suggests that the Security Council set economic sanctions of a significant grade

on countries that are continuously holding foreign cultural assets even after a long

term request of the country of origin for their return, in order to:

a) Compensate the country whose cultural assets have been looted,

b) End the continuous conflicts created between these countries,

c) Member states to criminalize the illicit trade of stolen or illegally exported

cultural assets and apply sanctions on institutions or individuals involved in

or supporting such transfers, such as:

(i) Monetary fines,

(ii) Bans on cultural heritage-related activities, including future

appearances at individual traders and dealers;

4. Further requests the sponsorship or funding of building museums in the countries

where the artifacts belong, housing them and stating thus, that they are properly

equipped to house the stolen, or looted cultural assets, creating thereby, moral

pressure to countries who have taken cultural assets; however, reminds member

states and emphasizes that any terrorist act or disrespect shown by the countries

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PASSED/NOT PASSED

of origin towards their artifacts will result in the return of the artifacts back to the

Museum where they were being kept before;

5. Proposes the creation of an international independent body called ‘Court of Cultural Assets’ (CCA) consisting of experts, such as historians and

archaeologists, that is going to be dealing exclusively with the responsibility of

returning looted cultural assets;

6. Recommends that decisions made by the CCA must be unanimously approved by

the Intergovernmental Committee;

7. Recognises the importance of sharing historic legacy for educational reasons;

however, acknowledges that the country of origin of the assets has the right to

decide on the handling of the property, whether that would be for further

scientific research or simply exhibitory purposes;

8. Urges the importance of stopping the illicit transfer and sale of those assets by

measures such as appointing specialists (experts on the issue) in airports;

9. Further recommends the creation of educational programs and campaigns

worldwide supported by UNESCO for:

a) Creation of video clips regarding the illegal transfer of assets,

b) Distribution of leaflets in museums and art centres,

c) Establishment of seminars and conferences annually;

10. Requests that the police take action:

a) Towards black markets and illegal transactions of cultural assets through

them,

b) To support fights against trafficking on the Internet by often filtering and

checks of websites;

11. Appreciates every museum for their outstanding work all these years and for their

contribution to children’s education;

12. Hopes that the number of illicit transfers will shrink and that the matter remains

actively seized.

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