pakistan rvsm trng.ppt

8/11/2019 Pakistan RVSM TRNG.PPT

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PAKISTANRVSM

TRAINING


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RVSM =

Reduced Vertical S eparation Minimum


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Background

In the late 1950s It was recognized that, as a result of the reduction in accuracy of

pressure sensing of barometric altimeters with increasingaltitude, there was a need above a certain level to increase theprescribed vertical separation minimum (VSM) of 1,000 feet

In 1960 An increased VSM of 2,000 feet was established for use

between aircraft operating above FL 290 except where, on thebasis of regional air navigation agreement, a lower flight levelwas prescribed for the increase. The Selection of FL 290 wasnot so much an empirically based decision but rather a functionof the operational ceiling of aircraft at that time.


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Background.contd In 1966 This change over-level was established at FL290 on a global

basis. At the same time, it was considered that the application ofa reduced VSM above FL 290, on a regional basis and incarefully prescribed circumstances was a distant possibility in

the not too distance future. Accordingly , ICAO provisions statedthat such a reduced VSM could be applied under specifiedconditions within designated portions of airspace on the basisof regional air navigation agreements.

In the late 1970s Faced with rising fuel costs and growing demands for a moreefficient utilization of available airspace, ICAO initiated a

comprehensive program of studies to ensure the feasibility ofreducing the 2,000 feet VSM applied above FL 290 to the same1000 feet VSM which is applied above FL 290.


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Background.contd

Throughout the 1980s Various studies were conducted, under the auspices of ICAOand in Europe, Canada, Japan, and the United States.

Determine the height accuracy of the altimetry systems of thecurrent aircraft population.Establish the causes of observed height keeping errors.Determine the required safety levels for the implementation anduse of a Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM) of 1000feet in the level band FL 290 FL 410 inclusive.

Define MASPs * for aircraft altimetry and associated height keepingaccuracy to a standard compatible with the agreed safetyrequirements for RVSM.

Note *MASP : Minimum Aircraft System Performance Specification


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Background.contd

Conclusion

From the outset it was clear that the complexnature of ATS route structure, the wide variety of

aircraft types, high traffic density and the high

percentage of climbing and descending aircraft,

would be a more complex ATM environment.


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What is RVSM?

- Reduced Vertical S eparation Minimum

1000ft for approved aircraft between FL290 and FL410 inclusive

in designated airspace.


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INTRODUCTION

Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM)operations permit the application of a 1,000 ft vertical

separation minimum between suitably-equipped /approved aircraft in the level band FL290 FL410.The purpose is to increase airspace capacity andprovide airspace users with more flight levels, and

thus optimize flight profiles.


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BENEFITS OF RVSM

Six extra flight levels Increase in airspace capacity

Reduction in flight delays Significant fuel saving for operators from

optimum height profiles. Environmental benefits from reduce fuel burn

More operational flexibility for Controllers


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RVSM Requirements

Only flight operations conducted under Instrument FlightRules (IFR) are permitted in the RVSM Airspace. Only aircraft, which are RVSM approved, will be authorized to

operate within the RVSM Airspace A 1,000 ft vertical separation minimum (VSM) between RVSM

approved aircraft. A 2,000 ft VSM between non-RVSM approved aircraft & any

other aircraft. A 2,000 ft separation minimum between all aircraft exiting

RVSM Airspace. Non- RVSM approved civil aircraft operating as GAT below

FL290 or above FL410.


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Challenge for ATCThe most difficult challenge for ATC is the provision of two differentvertical separation minima (1,000 ft and 2,000 ft separation).

Und er no n- RVSM op erat ions (2,000 separat ion betw een FL-290

FL410) : Eastbo un d traff ic is assig ned to f l y at FL 290, 330, 370 ,

and 410, and Westb ou nd traff ic is at FL 310, 350 and 390.

Und er RVSM op erat ions (1,000 separat ion betw een FL 290 FL

410) : S ix addi t ion al f l ight levels are obta ined. That i s , eas tbou nd

traffi c i s as sig ned to fly at FL 290, 310, 330, 350, 370, 390 and 410.

West bo un d t raffic is at FL 300, 320, 340, 360, 380, and 400.


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It is important to note that FL 310, 350 and 390 are assigned for theWestbound traffic under non-RVSM operations, but for the

Eastbound under RVSM operations


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Minimum Equipment List

Two independent altitude measurement systems

One secondary surveillance radar transponder withan altitude reporting system that can be connected to

the altitude measurement system in use for altitude

keeping.

An altitude alerting system

An automatic altitude-control system


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APPROVAL FOR RVSM OPERATIONS

Only RVSM approved aircraft will be permitted to

operate within the Pakistan RVSM Airspace. The

Approval is issued to aircraft operators by the

responsible authority once an operator has achieved

the following :

E ach aircraft type has received airworthiness approvaldemonstrating compliance with the RVSM Minimum AircraftSystem Performance Specification (MASPS),

The States approval of both the operations manual and themaintenance procedures specific to RVSM operations


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RVSM Flight Levels

179 180

Table of RVSM IFR

Cruising Levels

000 359

Even thousandsto FL280

then

FL300 FL320FL340FL360FL380FL400 FL430

FL470FL510

Odd thousandsto FL270

then

FL290 FL310FL330FL350FL370FL390

FL410 FL450FL490


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CVSM Flight Levels

EVENThousands

toFL280 then

FL310FL350FL390FL430

etc.

ODDThousands

toFL290 then

FL330FL370FL410FL450

etc.

Table of Conventional

(CVSM) IFR Cruising Levels

000 359

179 180


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RVSM Levels vs CVSM Levels Conventional IFR Cruising

Levels 180 - 359 RVSM CruisingLevels 000 - 179

FL370

FL330

FL290

FL300

FL310

FL320

FL340

FL350

FL360

FL380

FL390

FL400

FL410

FL370

FL330

FL290

FL300

FL310

FL320

FL340

FL350

FL360

FL380

FL390

FL400


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RVSM Levels vs CVSM Levels Conventional IFR CruisingLevels 000 - 179

RVSM CruisingLevels 180 - 359

FL370

FL330

FL290

FL300

FL310

FL320

FL340

FL350

FL360

FL380

FL390

FL400

FL410

FL370

FL330

FL290

FL300

FL310

FL320

FL340

FL350

FL360

FL380

FL390

FL400


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RVSM Tracks 000 to 179 Entering RVSM AirspaceFrom CVSM Airspace

FL410

FL370

FL350

FL330

FL310

FL290

FL370

FL330

FL290

FL390

FL330

FL290

FL350

FL310

FL410

FL390

FL370

FL410


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RVSM Tracks 180 to 359 Entering CVSM AirspaceFrom RVSM Airspace

FL390

FL390

FL350

FL310

FL280

FL380

FL360

FL340

FL320

FL300

FL400 FL430


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RVSM PROCEDURES IN TRANSITION

AREASA number of FIRS in the RVSM airspace havebeen designated to handle the transition of aircraftfrom an RVSM to a non-RVSM environment and vice-versa. Within this RVSM transition airspace specialprocedures will allow ATC to transition both RVSMand non-RVSM Civil and State aircraft. Flight crewmay expect to change from conventional flight levelsto RVSM flight levels and vice-versa. ATC willcontinue to provide a 2,000 feet VSM between anon-RVSM approved aircraft and any other aircraft.


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Civil NON - RVSM Aircraft

Must Flight Plan outside RVSM airspaceie: Up to and including F280 orF430 and above

However non - RVSM aircraft may, atcontroller discretion, be assigned alevel within RVSM airspace and;

2000ft separation shall be usedbetween non-approved aircraft andany other aircraft


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APPROVED NON-RVSM STATE

AIRCRAFTSTATE AIRCRAFT ARE EXEMPTED FROM HAVING

TO MEET THE RVSM MASPS. AS A CONSEQUENCE ,

STATE AIRCRAFT CAN BE ACCOMODATED IN THERVSM AIRSPACE PROVIDED THAT ATC MAINTAINS

A MINIMUM VERTICAL SEPARATION OF 2000 FEET

BETWEEN SUCH AIRCRAFT AND ALL OTHER IFR

AIRCRAFT. IN FIELD 18 OF THE ICAO FPL, STATE

AIRCRAFT SHALL THEN REQUEST SPECIAL

HANDLING BY FILING STS/NONRVSM.


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APVD NON-RVSM Aircraft

Police

State Aircrafts

Military

All these operations should indicate APVD NON RVSM in Field 18 of the FPL unlessRVSM approved


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Approved NON - RVSM AircraftDispensation available - (to allow Flight Planning

only in RVSM airspace) If unable to fly to destination at or

below FL280 or at or above F430

is being initially delivered to the stateof registry of operator; or

is RVSM approved and has experiencedan equipment failure and is being flown toa maintenance facility; or

Provided that the aircraft;


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Approved NON - RVSM AircraftDispensation available - (continued)

is being utilised for mercy or humanitarian purposes

Operators requesting such an approval shall;

coordinate with the first affected control centrenot less than 4 hours prior to intended ETD;

notify all other affected centres once initialapproval is received and;


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Approved NON - RVSM AircraftDispensation available - (continued)

in Field 18 of the FPL, include remarks APVD NON RVSM .


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FLIGHT PLANNINGTHE FLIGHT CREW SHALL PAY PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO

CONDITIONS THAT MAY AFFECT OPERATION IN RVSMAIRSPACE:

Verify that the aircraft is RVSM approved, i.e. compliant withthe MEL. Analysing the reported and forecast weather that may affectRVSM requirements (turbulence) Reviewing the Manufactures and the Operators restrictionsconcerning RVSM operations.

ICAO FPL : The letter W shall be inserted in Field 10 if RVSMApproved RPL : The letter W shall be inserted in item EQPT / if RVSMapproved, regardless of the requested FL.


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PRE FLIGHT PROCEDURES

FLIGHT CREW SHALL VERIFY : The condition of the equipment required for

RVSM operations and that maintenance

actions have been taken to correct defects. The condition of static sources.

The Altimetry accuracy by setting the QNH or the

QFE. The reading should then agree with the altitudeof the apron or the zero height indication within a 75 ft

(23m) tolerance.


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IN FLIGHT PROCEDURES All the required equipment shall be monitored toensure satisfactory operation before and within RVSM

airspace When changing levels, the aircraft should notovershoot or undershoot the cleared flight level by morethan 150 ft.The Automatic altitude control system shall be engagedduring level cruise by reference to one of the twoaltimeters. If fitted, the altitude capture feature shall beused whenever possible for the level off.Cross checks of the primary altimeters shall be made at

intervals of approximately one hour. These primaryaltimeters shall agree within 200 ft.Note : Failure to meet that condition will require the altimetry

system to be reported as defective and immediately notified toATC. An initial check shall be recorded just before enteringthe RVSM airspace.


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RVSM Phraseologies

CIRCUMSTANCES PHRASEOLOGIES

ATC wish to know RVSM status of flight CONFIRM RVSMAPPROVED

Pilot indication that flight is RVSMapproved AFFIRM RVSM

Pilot indication that flight is NON-RVSMapproved

NEGATIVE RVSM

NEGATIVE RVSM

STATE AIRCRAFT

Pilot of State aircraft indicating that

flight is NON-RVSM approved ATC denial of clearance into RVSM Airspace.

UNABLE CLEARANCEINTO RVSM AIRSPACE,MAINTAIN [ or DESCENDTO, or CLIMB TO ] FL ..


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RVSM Phraseologies contd

CIRCUMSTANCES PHRASEOLOGIES

Pilot reporting severe turbulence /weather affecting ability to maintainRVSM height keeping requirement

UNABLE RVSM DUETURBULENCE

Pilot reporting equipment degradedbelow RVSM requirements. UNABLE RVSM DUEEQUIPMENT

ATC requesting Pilot to report whenable to resume RVSM .

REPORT ABLE TORESUME RVSM

Pilot ready to resume RVSM afterequipment / weather contingency.

READY TO RESUMERVSM .


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ZCZC BOB5631 090422FF OPKCZRZA090809 OPKCZPZX(FPL-PIA787-IS

-B744/H-SXDHIY W /C-OPKC0520-N0521F280 MELOM G208W PG G208 DANIB UL125 ZDN/N0512F310 UL125 TRNR660 TBZ/0510F320 R660 ERZ UL851 ADINA N0488F340 UL851 EVRIK UL851

SUBES UL610 BATTY UL608 COA UB29 SASKI UL608

-EGLL0746 EGBB-EET/OIIX0058 LTAA0308 UKFV0417 LRBB0439 LHCC0533 LOVV0559 EDUU0618EBUR0701 EHAA0715 EGTT0723REG/AP-BAK SEL/DKCECOM/TCAS

Flight Plan Indication of

- RVSM ApprovalW in Field 10 -indicates RVSM Approval


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CVSM / RVSM airspace

FL300

FL320

FL280

FL330

FL290

FL340

FL310

RVSM airspace

CVSM airspace

RVSM

SEPARATED

RVSM

SEPARATED

FL410

FL400


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NON RVSM in RVSM airspace

FL300

FL320

FL280

FL330

FL290

FL340

FL310

NON RVSM

SEPARATED

RVSM

CONFLICT


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FL300

FL320

FL330

FL290

FL340

FL310

NON RVSM

RVSM

SEPARATED

SEPARATED

NON RVSM blocks one standard level andtwo non-standard levels

NON RVSM at standard levelin RVSM airspace

RVSM


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FL300

FL320

FL330

FL290

FL340

FL310

FL280NON RVSM

#@*%&!

Ideal situation

RVSM

RVSM

RVSM


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PRIORITY

A n RVSM app rov ed ai rcraf t shal l be given pr io r i ty forlevel requ ests ov er ai rcraf t not RVSM appro ved w ithin

RVSM airsp ace

APVD NON RVSM versus RVSM approved =Equal priority to operate in RVSM airspace however,

RVSM approved aircraft has priority for level.

NON RVSM approved aircraft that do not haveAPVD NON RVSM status have no priority in

RVSM airspace.


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Abnormal OperationsGreater than Moderate Turbulence

Turbulence

Weather Deviation

Equipment Failure in RVSM airspace


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If redundancy in the primary altimetry system is lost and remaining

altimetry systems functioning normally- acknowledge and monitorNOTE: RVSM separation may still be applied in this instance.


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Equipment Failure in RVSM airspaceIf advice received of a failure of an Automatic Altitude Keeping

Device (autopilot altitude hold) the controller should;

- Pass traffic information

- Obtain pilots intentions

- Provide alternative separation if considered necessary

(Can the aircraft maintain CFL?)- Advise adjacent ATC facilities/sectors of the situation.


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In the event of total primary altimetrysystems failure or if considered unreliable

- Assess traffic and separate if possible- If unable - advise pilot of traffic and request pilotintentions

- If pilot requests clearance to exit RVSM airspace,

accommodate asap and update traffic- Advise aircraft in vicinity and monitor situation


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Equipment Failure in RVSM airspaceRVSM Separation must not be applied following pilot advice of:

Total failure of primary altimetry systems

Primary altimetry systems considered unreliable

Negative RVSM


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Other considerations

TCAS/ACAS - Possibility of more frequent TA/RA. Advice - Pass traffic (workload permitting) where anaircraft is climbing/descending to a level 1000ftabove/below another.

ICAO has recommended that airlines update to TCASVersion - 7 to avoid unnecessary TA/RA, and this isgradually being implemented.

pakistan rvsm trng.ppt

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