Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli 1

Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli

Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahallivillage

Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli

Location in Karnataka, India

Coordinates: 12.863°N 76.671°E [1]Coordinates: 12.863°N 76.671°E [1]

Country  India

State Karnataka

District Mandya

Languages

 • Official Kannada

Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)

PIN 571 416

Telephone code 08158

Vehicle registration KA-11

Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli 2

A open mantapa (hall), Panchakuta Basadi,Kambadahalli, Mandya District

A open mantapa, Panchakuta Basadi,Kambadahalli, Mandya District

A closed mantapa with ornate Ganga style pillarsat Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli, Mandya

District

Panchakuta Basadi (or Panchakoota Basadi) is located in theKambadahalli village of the Mandya district, Karnataka state, insouthwestern India. It is one of the finest examples of South IndianDravidian architecture of the Western Ganga variety, related to the Jainfaith and iconography.[2][3] According to the historian K.R. Srinivasan,the temple complex, which was built by the kings of the WesternGanga Dynasty is assignable to the period 900-1000 CE. The historianSarma however assigns an earlier date of 8th century, based on tracesof early Pallava-Pandya and Chalukya-Pallava influences.[4]

Kambadahalli (whose name in the Kannada language literallytranslates to "village with pillar") which is located 18 km from thefamous Jain heritage town of Shravanabelagola, on theMandya-Shravanabelagola highway, gets its name from theBrahmadeva pillar (Manasthambha) erected in front of the templecomplex. From inscriptions, it is known that the temple complex hasbeen renovated during later centuries, including the during the rule ofthe Hoysala Empire. The monument is protected by the ArcheologicalSurvey of India as a "national monument". Srinivasan describes it as a"landmark in South India architecture".

Temple plan and iconography

The temple was built in two phases. In the first phase, three shrineswere constructed (trikutachala, three shrines each with asuperstructure). The central shrine faces north, one shrine faces westand the other face east. The central shrine has a square superstructure(Sikhara) called Brahmachhanda girva-sikhara. The west and eastfacing shrines have superstructures called the Rudrachhandagriva-sikhara and Vishnuchhanda griva-sikhara respectively. Thedesign of the superstructures speaks of the artistic taste of the builders.They are three dimensional, with the first tier (tala) measuring a thirdof the total height of the tower, and the second tier measuring one halfthe height of the first. Each of the three shrines have individualvestibules (or half hall or ardhamantapa) which open to a largecommon open hall called the mahamantapa or navaranga, whoseceiling is supported by four ornate central pillars. At the entrance to theshrines (bilpitha) are the guardians to the "eight directions"(ashtadikpalaka; ashta - "eight", dik - "directions",palaka - "keeper") with their consorts and vehicles (vahana)

The entire complex is oriented towards the impressive Brahmadeva pillar and faces north. The main central shrine houses the image of Adhinatha, an early Jain tirthankara (Jain saint). The west (right) and east (left) facing shrines have the images of later day tirthankaras, Shantinatha and Neminatha respectively. The images appear to be of well-polished steatite material and could be later day replacements. According to Robert J Del Bonto who conducted research at the site, the two shrines that form the later day additions are a twin construction, are lateral (face each other), have individual vestibule and a closed mantapa (hall) and open into a common open pillared porch (open mantapa). The art critic M.H. Dhaky calls them as "Shantinatha Basadi" and regards them a good example of the "terminal" stage in Western Ganga art.[5] The temple exhibits fine sculptures of Jain Yakshas (male benevolent

Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli 3

spirits) and Yakshis (their female counterparts) of the Western Ganga and Hoysala periods.According to the art critic and historian S. Settar, generally, Brahmadeva pillars found in front of ancient Jaintemples do not house sculptures of the Brahma Yaksha or the god Brahma, rather they find their origins in theManasthambha (sthambha lit, "pillar") and have images of the Sarvanubhuti Yaksha. The base of this pillar is squareand exhibits looped garland decorations, and at the top supports a two handed seated image of east facingSiddhayika.[6][] The overall composition of the temple, according to Sarma, is one of "clarity in structure andfunction" without any emphasis on over decoration.

Mantapa (hall), PanchakutaBasadi, Kambadahalli

A typicalDravidian

style shrine atPanchakuta

Basadi,Kambadahalli

Excavated Jain sculpturesfrom the 9th-10th century

at Panchakuta Basadi,Kambadahalli

Bas-relief depicting horsemen at Panchakuta

Basadi, Kambadahalli

Bas-relief depicting lions atPanchakuta Basadi,

Kambadahalli

Ceiling sculpture,Panchakuta Basadi,

Kambadahalli

Ceiling sculpture,PanchakutaBasadi, Kambadahalli

Ceiling sculpture, PanchakutaBasadi, Kambadahalli

Ceiling sculpture, PanchakutaBasadi, Kambadahalli

Ceilingsculpture,

PanchakutaBasadi,

Kambadahalli

Ceiling sculpture,Panchakuta Basadi,

Kambadahalli

Panchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli 4

Notes[1] http:/ / tools. wmflabs. org/ geohack/ geohack. php?pagename=Panchakuta_Basadi%2C_Kambadahalli& params=12. 863_N_76.

671_E_type:city_region:IN-KA[2][2] Sarma (1992), p. 152[3][3] Archaeological Survey of India, Bangalore circle, Mandya district[4][4] Sarma (1992), p. 161[5][5] Sarma (1992), p. 166[6][6] Settar in Shah (1987), p. 19

References• Sarma, I.K. (1992) [1992]. Temples of the Gangas of Karnataka. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India.

ISBN 0-19-560686-8.• Shah, Umakant P (1987) [1987]. Jaina-Rupa-Mandana (Jaina Iconography), Volume 1. new Delhi: Abhinav.

ISBN 81-7017-218-7.• Khajane, Muralidhara. "A ancient site connected to Jainsim" (http:/ / www. hindu. com/ 2006/ 02/ 03/ stories/

2006020313510400. htm). The Hindu, Karnataka edition. Retrieved 2012-12-26.• Archaeological Survey. "Panchakuta Basadi" (http:/ / asibengalurucircle. org/ mandya-5. html). ASI Bangalore

circle. Archaeological Survey of India. Retrieved 2012-12-26.• "Alphabetical List of Monuments - Karnataka -Bangalore, Bangalore Circle, Karnataka" (http:/ / asi. nic. in/

asi_monu_alphalist_karnataka_bangalore. asp). Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India. IndiraGandhi National Center for the Arts. Retrieved 15 July 2012.

Article Sources and Contributors 5

Article Sources and ContributorsPanchakuta Basadi, Kambadahalli  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=586950455  Contributors: Aayush18, Amarrg, Artman779, BigrTex, Denisarona, Dgw,Dineshkannambadi, Fratrep, Gene Nygaard, Hmains, LilHelpa, Malcolma, Mattisse, Pied Hornbill, Roland zh, Shyamsunder, Tony Fox, Walkiped, Woodthought, 5 anonymous edits

Image Sources, Licenses and ContributorsFile:Panchakuta Basadi (10th century AD) at Kambadahalli.JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Panchakuta_Basadi_(10th_century_AD)_at_Kambadahalli.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: User:Dineshkannambadifile:India Karnataka location map.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:India_Karnataka_location_map.svg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Karnataka_locator_map.svg: by User:PlaneMad derivative work: User:NayvikFile:Flag of India.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Flag_of_India.svg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Anomie, MifterFile:A mantapa (hall) in Panchakuta Basadi at Kambadahalli.JPG  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:A_mantapa_(hall)_in_Panchakuta_Basadi_at_Kambadahalli.JPG License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: User:DineshkannambadiFile:A mantapa (hall) in Panchakuta Basadi with Jain sculptures at Kambadahalli.JPG  Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:A_mantapa_(hall)_in_Panchakuta_Basadi_with_Jain_sculptures_at_Kambadahalli.JPG  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:DineshkannambadiFile:Ornate pillars in a mantapa of the Panchakuta Basadi at Kambadahalli.JPG  Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ornate_pillars_in_a_mantapa_of_the_Panchakuta_Basadi_at_Kambadahalli.JPG  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:DineshkannambadiImage:Mantapa (hall) in Panchakuta Basadi at Kambadahalli.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Mantapa_(hall)_in_Panchakuta_Basadi_at_Kambadahalli.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: Magog the Ogre, Roland zhFile:A typical Dravidian shrine in the Panchakuta Basadi at Kambadahalli.jpg  Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:A_typical_Dravidian_shrine_in_the_Panchakuta_Basadi_at_Kambadahalli.jpg  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:DineshkannambadiFile:Excavated Jaina sculptures in Panchakuta Basadi at Kambadahalli.JPG  Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Excavated_Jaina_sculptures_in_Panchakuta_Basadi_at_Kambadahalli.JPG  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors:User:DineshkannambadiFile:Moulding reliefs depicting horse men in the Panchakuta Basadi at Kambadahalli.JPG  Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Moulding_reliefs_depicting_horse_men_in_the_Panchakuta_Basadi_at_Kambadahalli.JPG  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:DineshkannambadiFile:Moulding reliefs depicting lions in the Panchakuta Basadi at Kambadahalli.JPG  Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Moulding_reliefs_depicting_lions_in_the_Panchakuta_Basadi_at_Kambadahalli.JPG  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: User:DineshkannambadiImage:Ceiling sculpture in Panchakuta Basadi at Kambadahalli.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ceiling_sculpture_in_Panchakuta_Basadi_at_Kambadahalli.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: Dineshkannambadi (talk) 00:27, 20 May 2008 (UTC) Original uploader was Dineshkannambadi at en.wikipediaImage:Ceiling sculpture1 in Panchakuta Basadi at Kambadahalli.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ceiling_sculpture1_in_Panchakuta_Basadi_at_Kambadahalli.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: Magog the Ogre, Roland zhImage:Ceiling sculpture5 in Panchakuta Basadi at Kambadahalli.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ceiling_sculpture5_in_Panchakuta_Basadi_at_Kambadahalli.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: Magog the Ogre, Roland zhImage:Ceiling sculpture4 in Panchakuta Basadi at Kambadahalli.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ceiling_sculpture4_in_Panchakuta_Basadi_at_Kambadahalli.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: Funfood, Magog the Ogre, Roland zhImage:Ceiling sculpture2 in Panchakuta Basadi at Kambadahalli.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ceiling_sculpture2_in_Panchakuta_Basadi_at_Kambadahalli.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: Funfood, Magog the Ogre, Roland zh, Sreejithk2000 AWBImage:Ceiling sculpture3 in Panchakuta Basadi at Kambadahalli.jpg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Ceiling_sculpture3_in_Panchakuta_Basadi_at_Kambadahalli.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: Funfood, Magog the Ogre, Roland zh

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