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Name: ____________________ Period:___________

PAP Academic Spring Final Exam Review

1. Define and be able the identify and give example

a. Mutualism:

b. Parasitism:

c. Commensalism:

d. Predation:

e. Competition:

2. Lord Howe Island is a volcanic island in the Tasman Sea that is about 11 km long and 2.8

km wide. The island has two species of palm trees, Howea fosteriana and the more

abundant Howea belmoreana. The two species do not interbreed even when they grow

very close to each other. Which evolutionary process fails to occur?

A. Genetic drift of Howea fosteriana

B. Natural selection of adaptive traits in both species

C. Gene flow between the two species

3. Emigration is moving _______________ an area and immigration is moving _____________ an

area

4. Put the pond succession below in order.

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Use the pyramid above to answer the following questions

5. Where is the largest biomass found?

6. Where is the least amount of energy found?

7. List one of each

Producer Primary consumer

Secondary Consumer Tertiary consumer

8. If there is 20,000 kcal of energy at the producer’s level, how much energy would be available at the

Primary consumer level ___________________?

Secondary consumer level __________________

Tertiary consumer level ___________________

9. What organism would be most affected if grasshoppers were

killed off by insecticides?___________________

10. Which sequence shows increasing ecological levels of organization? (big to small)

Community, ecosystem, organism, population

11. Which of the following is the correct order of sequence from largest to smallest?

Atoms, macromolecules, organelles, cells, molecules

12. What are each of the four Macromolecules (biomolecules) made up of? (Monomers)And what is

their function?

a. Carbohydrates-

b. Lipids-

c. Nucleic Acid (DNA & RNA)-

d. Protein-

13. What are the 3 most abundant elements in the body?

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14. What color does starch solution change in the presents of iodine?

15. Which cell is prokaryotic? How can you tell?

16. What is the main function of a cell membrane?

17. What part of the cell contains the genetic material?

18. What is the function of mitochondria?

19. The concentration of solute outside the cell is greater than on the inside: ____________________

20. The concentration of solute inside and outside the cell are equal: ______________________

21. What is the function of an enzyme?

22. If several pea plants with the genotype TTYy are crossed with pea plants with the genotype

Ttyy, what percentage of the offspring will be expected to have the TTYy allele combination?

(Draw a Punnett Square)

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23. In cocker spaniels the allele for a black coat color (B) is dominant over the allele for a

brown coat color (b). If a brown cocker spaniel is crossed with a heterozygous black cocker

spaniel, which of the following genotypic ratios can be expected? (Draw a Punnett Square)

BB: Bb: bb:

24. How does DNA code for an organism’s traits?

25. Which process produces gametes?

26. Which amino acids are correctly coded by the DNA sequence below?

Original DNA strand sequence

5’AGT CGC ATG TCA 3’

mRNA sequence: ______________-______________-_____________-_______________

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This diagram shows the DNA fingerprinting of a baby and 4 couples:

27. A hospital wants to identify the parents of a baby. Bases on the DNA fingerprinting, which

couple is most likely the parents of the baby? W X Y Z

28. Place the following in the order that leads to genetic expression?

RNA-amino acid-DNA-protein-genetic expression

29. The only way a mutation can be passed to an individual’s offspring is if the mutation is in the

_______________________.

30. Homologous structures provide evidence of ______________ _______________ because they

have the same basic _____________________.

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Use the following cladogram to answer the question below.

31. The diagram shows a model of species divergence among some primates. If this model

is correct, the least genetic differences would be found in the DNA sequences of which

two

species?

A. Tarsius bancanus and Cebus albifrons B. Macaca sylvanus and Macaca mulatta C. Hylobates lar and Pongo pygmaeus D. Pan troglodytes and Lemur catta

32. Give an example of the following: a. Convergent evolution b. Divergent evolution c. Coevolution d. Gene flow

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The diagram shows a dichotomous key and a picture of a fruit.

33. According to the key, the fruit comes from which species of tree?

A Fraxinus americana

B Fraxinus nigra

C Acer platanoides

D Acer negundo

34. List the taxonomic terms in correct order from largest to smallest:

35. Which two organisms are least closely related?

Use the information below to answer the following questions:

36. Based on this information and the data table, which animal is most likely a reptile?

A. Animal 1 B. Animal 2 C. Animal 3 D. Animal 4

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37. Based on the information in the data table, which of these animals is most likely an

amphibian?

A. Animal 1 B. Animal 2 C. Animal 3 D. Animal 4

38. Gorillas and lemurs belong to the order of Primates. The smallest organism in this order

is about 85 – 160 millimeters long, while the largest member is stands close to 10 feet

tall. Which of these lists best describes this order?

A. C.

240 families 30 genera 1,568 species

B. D.

30 genera 240 families 1,568 species

39. Define:

a. Phototropism

b. Hydrotropism

A. B.

C.

40. The projections on the surface of this virus allow the virus to –

41. Which of these illustrates a bacteriophage?

240 families 2 genera 1,568 species

30 families 240 genera 1,568 species

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42. A certain viral disease can be transmitted through the air. In each of the groups below,

one person is sick with the disease. In which groups are all the other individuals

exposed to the disease?

a. People working in the same building. b. People riding to work in the same car. c. People working for the same company. d. People riding to work in the same train.

43. What is the difference between a bacteria cell and a virus?

44. In the experiment shown, bubbles of gas are seen to be formed when pondweed photosynthesizes. How may the rate of photosynthesis be increased? a) By adding acid to the water b) By adding more water c) By increasing the light d) By cooling the water

45. Compared to annual rings of trees that have experienced years of insufficient rainfall,

the annual rings of trees that have experienced a dry period will

a) Be softer. b) Grow at a faster rate. c) Be thinner. d) Photosynthesize at a faster rate.

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46. The seed type shown in Figure 24–1 that is

generally dispersed by wind is(are) … a) A. b) B. c) Both A and B. d) Neither A nor B.

47. The diagram shows the reproductive system of a plant. Pollen released from the anther is transferred to the stigma of the

same plant. A pollen tube forms in the style and the pollen travels

down through the tube until it reaches an ovule inside the ovary.

The egg is fertilized by the sperm.

What process was described? _______________________

48. Which of the following is the correct order for levels of organization from largest to smallest?

I II III IV A. I, II, III, IV C. II, III, I, IV B. III, II, I, IV D. IV, I, II, III

49. Which body systems work together to protect the body from pathogens? A Muscular and vascular B Digestive and excretory C Circulatory and immune D Endocrine and reproductive

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50. Animal body systems often coordinate their actions to carry out specific functions for the whole animal. Which of these correctly describes the interaction of two biological systems for a specific purpose in the human body?

51. Define the following:

Commensalism -

Mutualism-

Parasitism-

Predation-

52. Briefly explain the effect of non-native species being introduced into an ecosystem.

53. What would be the first organism to appear in an area after a recent volcanic eruption?

54. The major function of DNA is to –

55. What term is used to describe the plasma membrane in regards to allowing some molecules to easily

pass through the membrane while other molecules do not?

___________________ ___________________________

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56. What is the function of a cell’s lysosomes?

57. Define the following:

Homozygous Dominant -

Heterozygous -

Homozygous recessive -

58. Circle the term that means that an allele is expressed - Dominant or Recessive

59. Some organisms have genes that improve their ability to survive and reproduce. If the genes

also help their offspring survive and reproduce, then which of the following will most likely

increase?

A. The frequency of the genes in one individual B. The frequency of the genes in the population C. The number of genes in one chromosome D. The number of genes in the species

60. Explain how mimicry can be advantageous to an organism.

61. If a daughter cell has 24 chromosomes after mitosis how many chromosomes would it have after

meiosis? ________

62. What is the significance of events that occur from Meiosis?

63. How does DNA in a cell determine and organism’s traits?

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64. In protein synthesis, what is the job of t-RNA?

65. The technique known as chromosome painting is the result of scientific research. Scientists use

chromosome painting to make the locations of genes on human chromosomes with fluorescent

tags. It is also possible to apply this technique to the chromosomes of many different species.

Chromosome painting allows for which of the following?

A. A comparison of the genomes of different species

B. The sequencing of proteins from many species

C. An increase in mutations in many species

D. The extraction of amino acids from different species

66. Explain the importance of the sequence of bases in DNA.

67. Explain the process of transcription, make sure you include where transcription takes place and what

is the result of transcription.

68. Explain how mutualism can result in co-evolution.

69. What is gene flow?

70. List the characteristics of marsupials.

71. Which level of taxonomy is the most specific level? Which level of taxonomy is the broadest most

inclusive level?

72. Explain how you could tell how closely related two organisms are if you only look at their levels of

taxonomy.

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73. Cold sores are caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1. A company that wants to develop

antiviral drugs would ask a research immunologist to study –

a. the mechanism use by the virus to infect cells

b. how closely related the virus is to cold viruses

c. the metabolism of the virus

d. meiosis in the virus

74. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an illness caused by coronavirus.

Symptoms including a high fever, headaches, and body aches typically occur two to

seven days after infection by the virus. SARS is more serious in elderly patients. This

information suggests that the reproductive cycle of the SARS virus is—

a. lysogenic, because the virus is a coronavirus

b. lytic, because the virus causes quick onset of symptoms after infection

c. lysogenic, because the virus primarily affects older people

d. lysogenic, because of the quick onset of symptoms after infection

75. What is the name of the process that bacteria cells use in order to reproduce? ______________

76. Explain the importance of pili to a bacteria cell.

77. Are antibiotics effective against a viral infection? ____________

78. What does xylem in plants transport?

Why is xylem important in the process of photosynthesis which takes place in the leaves of

plants?

79. What are the tiny openings on the underside of leaves called that allow gas exchange to occur?

80. What color would iodine change to in the presence of starch?

81. What is the function of stomata in a plant?

82. What is thigmotropism?

83. Explain how the different body systems would interact together to allow a rabbit to outrun a

coyote?

84. What moves food through the digestive system?

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85. Toxoplasmosis is an infection producing brain

lesions caused by the parasitic protozoan

Toxoplasma gondi. Mice with their gonads

removed are more resistant to T. gondii and

develop very few lesions on their brain tissue.

The graph shows the results of scientific study

of normal mice infected with T. gondii.

Which systems most likely interact and cause the severity of infections to vary?

A. Muscular and skeletal B. Immune and endocrine C. Excretory and respiratory D. Nervous and integumentary

86. What is a positive feedback loop, and provide an example.

87. What is a negative feedback loop and provide an example.

88. Coracias garrulous is a blue bird with an orange-brown back. The offspring of this bird have

an effective defense mechanism. The young birds vomit and cover themselves in a foul-

smelling orange liquid when they sense a threat by predators. Which two systems alert the

young bird to the danger and help produce the vomit it uses as a defense?

A. Nervous and digestive systems

B. Integumentary and muscular systems C. Immune and respiratory systems D. Excretory and reproductive systems

Define each of the following terms, use the definitions from your notes

89. Secondary crime scene

90. Physical evidence

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91. Suspect

92. Primary Crime Scene

93. Testimonial Evidence

94. Alibi

95. Accomplice

96. Trace Evidence

97. Fingerprints

98. Arson

99. DNA

100. CODIS