Papel do empreendedor na criação de empresas inovadereas na FRANCA

1. INTRODUCTION

What is innovative entrepreneurship?

• The entrepreneurial approach requires:

• a break with the past (innovation)

• a portion of irrationality (entrepreneur is thus opposed to homoeconomicus of neoclassical theory)

• and thus ...... a risk-taking

• the meeting between a project (business) based on innovation and a man (the entrepreneur)

• a culture (entrepreneurship)

What are entrepreneurs for?

They ensure and manage innovations and enable finance and further development in order to bring them to the market. This involves creative new business models as well as identifying market opportunities. The most obvious kind of entrepreneurship is founding a new business.

Innovation Market

Entrepreneurs

The origin of entrepreneurship : in FRANCE

Jean-Baptiste SAY(1767-1832)

the “grip of the state

free from the shackles of regulation

relieve weight bureaucracies

protect from taxes

? Its functions

? its place

? its qualities and responsibilities

? its environment "ecosystem“.

Typology of entrepreneurs

Necessity

• Creators by "necessity“, which are mostly formerly unemployed seeking to create their own jobs

Adaptation

• Creators by "adaptation“, which, because of their low level of education, are looking for job opportunities or income;

Opportunity

• Creators by "opportunity“, and often before choosing to start their own business in order to improve their situation employees;

Vocation

Creators by "vocation“, which have a very high level of education and the pursuit of the profession often through self-employment (if professional).

A pragmatic definition of entrepreneurship

« L’esprit d’entreprendre

consiste non seulement

en la capacité à avoir des idées

nouvelles et à prendre des risques

pour les mettre en oeuvre,

mais également en la capacité à manager

et à mener à bien un projet » .

Bertrand Collomb

– Président d’honneur du groupe LAFARGE

Main values that define startup entrepreneurs

2. ENTREPRENEURSHIP

IN FRANCE

Stimulate entreneurial culture in France

• Darwinian culture

• Continental Europe

• Hierarchy of schools

• "I did Polytechnique" "

• Uniformity of elite

• Large enterprises

• Model Engineering

• Led innovation

• CAC 40

Comparison between a "Darwinian“ culture conducive to entrepreneurship and innovation and a "Lamarckian" culture more conducive to major planned projects:

• Lamarckian culture• USA

• Diversity Excellence

• "I created a business"

• Diversity of Elite

• Small Business Act

• Model Researcher

• Entrepreneurial innovation

• NASDAQ

Focus on the number of creation

and desire to create in FRANCE

Panorama of entrepreneurship in FRANCE

The JEI program: “Jeunes Entreprises Innovantes”

• 3/4 have implemented an innovation project

• 1/4 has at least one patent

• 3/10 are Microenterprise less than 3yo, half of are newly created

• 4/10 are SMEs over three years, half of which has more10 years of existence

Who are the JEI in FRANCE? (1)

Who are the JEI in FRANCE? (2)

Who are the JEI in FRANCE? (1)

3. FRENCH INNOVATIVE

ENTREPRENEURS: PLURAL OR A SINGULAR PROFILE?

Do you know this SUPERman ?

It’s a French innovative entrepreneur

The innovative company, as a practical, to:

o an ambitious undertaking

owith a high growth

o able to take risks and constantly reinvent itself emancipating codes and traditional ways of working

o erecting the welfare and the comfortable environment of work and uninhibited as a rule

o in which their employees adhere to and all share a value system around the joint project of innovation

Innovative entrepreneurs

see themselves in these appellations

3 different profiles for starturpers in FRANCE

The new Galilée The ambitiousconquerors

The builders

The new Galilée

A foremost inventor profile

They have often an old and very

personal idea dear to their heart. It is

accompanied by a strong desire to

achieve and a belief (almost mystical) its

merits

The new Galilée are:

o passionate, envious of

transmitting and sharing

o dynamic and creative individuals

who love to shake and stir

o they are utopians with a mode of

empirical management

The ambitious conquerors:

o describe themselves as visionary,

ambitious, business-man, avant-garde

o say they are charismatic and difficult to

follow

Starturpers generally older, more experienced

The ambitious conquerors

Entrepreneurs primarily

They got the idea shortly before the

creation of their business and have been

influenced by success story, startups and

figures (Zuckerberg, Jobs)

A desire to become entrepreneurs

primarily and develop sustainable

companies and jobs

A more pragmatic and realistic approach

to adventure startup

The builders

The builders are:

o more structured management of their innovative company

o oriented coordination talent profiles, organizing teams

around a common goal

Their strengths :

o analysis, strategy, preparation

• A virus that treats blindness, a drug against the effects of radiation, mini-satellites ... Here are the best inventions dreamed up by French under 35yo

Recognation of French innovators

• These young innovators by MIT French rewarded as the

most talented in the World (April 2014)

4. How we stimulate

innovation in France?

• 7 components for innovation policy:• Inspiration « setting ambitious goals »

• Intention « making innovation-based competitiveness a national priority »

• Insight « improving understanding of innovation performance »

• Incentives « encouraging innovation, production and jobs »,

• Institutional innovation

• Investment « increased public funding for innovation »

• Information technology.

Define a policy and governance of innovation

« 7 i »

How an innovative startup can grow in FRANCE?

The entrepreneur needs a fertile field and different tools to fuel growth

• FRANCE action to promote innovation and entrepreneurship:

The French dynamic of innovation

1 Secrétariat d'Etat à la Recherche

1 Haut Conseil de la Science et de la Technologie

1 Agence d’évaluation de la Recherche et de l’enseignement supérieur

1 Agence Nationale de la Recherche

1 Commissariat général aux investissements (ex-Grand Emprunt)

1 Dispositif de soutien à l’innovation des PME : BPIFrance

8 Instituts de recherche technologique

9 Instituts pour la transition énergétique

9 Centres ou réseaux thématiques de recherche et de soins

13 Réseaux thématiques de recherche avancée

15 Pôles de recherche et d’enseignement supérieur, les PRES : ils regroupent plusieurs

universités et/ou grandes écoles sous un même chapeau.

16 Organismes de recherche : CNRS, CEA, CNES, INRIA en tête

18 Centres techniques sectoriels : dont le Cetim, le CSTB…

27 Incubateurs pour jeunes pousses

33 Instituts Carnot 54 Technopoles

70 Centres régionaux pour l’innovation et le transfert de technologie (CRITT)

71 Pôles de compétitivité

Status of auto-entrepreneurship in FRANCE

French competitiveness clusters

A competitiveness cluster is a local cluster for businesses,research centers and training organisations working in partnership under a common development strategy aimed at fostering synergies for innovative projects carried out jointly and aimed at specific markets.

Priorities to support innovation in all its forms

A bank dedicated to supporting innovation

A new deal for innovation in FRANCE

7 areas of major

innovations which France

has potential:

> The energy storage.

> The recycling of

materials: rare metals

> The development of

marine resources: metals

and desalination of

seawater

> Vegetable proteins and

plant chemistry?

> The individualized

medicine?

> The Silver Economy,

Innovation for longevity?

> Valuation massive data

(Big data)

• This "new deal for Innovation",

based on 40 cross, complete

steps and reinforces the sectoral

approach of the 34 shots of New

Industrial France and 7 ambitions

commission "Innovation 2030".

“Innovation by all” : to mobilize all forms of innovation,all the talents of the company French, by acting on thecultural barriers and equal opportunities, encouraginginitiative, creativity, project work, the taste of theindustry and entrepreneurship in all stages of educationand in society.

A new deal for innovation in FRANCE (1)

A new deal for innovation in FRANCE (2)

“Open Innovation” : supporting ecosystem

dynamics, knowledge transfer and technology

between research and business, and the meeting

between major groups and SMEs in our territories.

A new deal for innovation in FRANCE (3)

“Innovation for Growth” : boosting innovative

companies and provide environmental favorable to

their growth to become the champions of tomorrow.

A new deal for innovation in FRANCE (4)

“Public innovation” : lead a coherent public

policy of coordinated innovation and efficient,

and open to public policy innovation at the

service of citizens.

5. INNOVATION FOR

SOCIAL BUSINESS

IN FRANCE

• Social Entrepreneurship, which aims to combine economic efficiency and social impact, is experiencing significant growth.

• Conducive to innovation, they meet little or no social needs covered by the public sector or market.

What role for social entrepreneurship in FRANCE

• In FRANCE, the Social Economy includes cooperatives, mutual societies, associations and foundations.

• It now employs 2.3 million employees in 215,000 structures and manages including 90% of institutions for the disabled, 45% of nursing homes and more than 60% of personal services.

Social Economy in FRANCE

• corresponds to the activity of conducting a process of developing a product or service, often innovative, involving the end user.

expanding digital potential to better integrate into society

The co-creation

Social

entrepreneurship

in the service of

social innovation:

French examples

SOS has diversified and now operates in many areas (health, social, medical and social, education, integration, fair trade).

• Since its inception in 1989, 93000 microloans were granted for a total of EUR 255 million, for helping 71910 companies and 92694 jobs created until 2010.

Social

entrepreneurship

in the service of

social innovation:

French examples

• The Association for the Right

to Economic Initiative (ADIE)

finance microentrepreneurs

unbanked through microcredit

inspired by Muhammad

Yunus .

Social entrepreneurship in the service of

social innovation: French examples

• Founded by 2 former sport teachers

• Siel Bleu service preventive public health

through appropriate physical activity for

both the employee at the company

dependent elderly person in an institution

• According to the McKinsey study,

generalizing activities blue Siel to all

French and focusing only on two conditions

(falls and type II diabetes) a savings of €15

billion was obtained in three years, and

€59 billion between 2012 and 2020

• The "Fabrique initiatives" conducted by AVISE for 2 years through an experiment in 5 territories, works as an "entrepreneurs detector" that identifies the needs of a territory, confirms the market opportunity, the carrier determines relevant and generates the creation of social enterprise.

Locate and expand promising initiatives

6. EDUCATION

Developing a culture of innovation

and entrepreneurship:

from small school .. to university

• Innovation is primarily a matter of individuals, state of mind and ambition for the company and for themselves.

• Cultural diffusion of innovation and entrepreneurship is vital.

• Teaching methods need to value risk-taking and initiatives, particularly through initiatives project, alone and in groups, and experimental approaches.

Creativity and innovation in French school

• Innovation is primarily a matter of individuals, state of mind and ambition for the company and for themselves.

• Cultural diffusion of innovation and entrepreneurship is vital.

• Teaching methods need to value risk-taking and initiatives, particularly through initiatives project, alone and in groups, and experimental approaches.

Creativity and innovation in French education

These cultures are

closely linked: visionary,

risk-taking, acceptance

and learning from failure,

capacity for initiative,

project culture and desire

for achievement are the

main components.

• Scratch: a programming language

• "Lifelong Kindergarten" ("Maternal throughout life") at MIT MediaLab.

• Scratch allows us to offer a more hands-on learning, based on innovation and forward creativity.

• It is based on the appetite of youth for the digital and enhances their interest in the

sciences and d technology.

Learning computer programming from the

primary / secondary

Remarkable examples of community initiatives (1)

The association “100,000 entrepreneurs" organizes stories of

entrepreneurs in institutions school, to transmit the entrepreneurial

spirit, the desire to lead ...

• Creation of mini-entreprises in primary

school and college : « Entreprendre pour

Apprendre »

• A Mini or Young Enterprise Company is a

real business created by high school

students for an academic year, and

supervised by a teacher and a professional.

• The Mini Company works on the model of a

public company and developing a product or

service for marketing.

• The organization of Mini and Junior

Achievement Business: more than 12,000

young people involved in 700 mini-

enterprises in 2010-2011.

• The "hands-on" is an innovative

educational program,introduced

in France in 1996 by Georges

Charpak, Nobel Prize in physics.

• The experimental approach,

rather than the transmission of

theoretical knowledge is

enhanced.

• This program also allows

students to perform with a real

speaking labor: children learn to

explain reasoning, using the

occasion of sophisticated terms.

Remarkable examples of community initiatives (2)

• A major program for entrepreneurship learning in higher education

• A special effort must be focused on entrepreneurship learning in higher education, whose graduates are naturally the first pool of creators innovative company.

Promotion of innovation in French universities

• Encouraging mobility of researchers between Public and Private

• A CIFRE (Industrial Convention for ResearchTraining) binds a student and the graduate schoolat a company.

• The PhD student can devote his time to hisresearch, he performed in the company and / or its university research laboratory. In return, the company receives a grant from the ANRT (National Association for Technical Research).

• The "flow of intelligence" plays a vital role in the innovation economy, particularly in the context of open innovation. In this context, we must encourage the mobility of researchers and entrepreneurs between the public and the private sector through the implementation of an ambitious program.

Partnership and transfer towards innovation

30 PEPITES in FRANCE

Pôles Etudiants pour l’Innovation, le Transfert et l’entrepreneuriat

Funding of € 4.6 million

3 years for training, support and

places dedicated (fablabs,

coworking, hubhouses).

Student-entrepreneur in FRANCE

• Objective of the plan? allow the creation or continuation of 20 000 firms

for student from higher university education within 4 years

• Creation of degree dedicated to entrepreneurship and innovation

• Creation of “Contrat d’Appui au Projet d’Entreprise” CAPE

Masters Innovation and entrepreneurship in FRANCE are based on key principles:

Spirit of training for innovation

“Audacity”

Have the independence of spirit to explore new roles, ideas and strategies and be

able to defend his convictions

“Innovation and creativity”

Observe problems from novel angles and implement creative

solutions.

“Spirit team”

Learn to create, communicate and share ideas with people of

different thoughts.

“Reflection”

Apply its thinking skills critically and creatively to approach

complex problems and make reasoned, ethical decisions.

“Curiosity”

Loving explore concepts, ideas and global problems. Through

this, acquire extensive and varied knowledge.

• Université Paris 1 - Panthéon SorbonneMaster 2 Innovation et Management des Technologies

• http://imt-sorbonne.fr/

• Polytechnique – HEC – MINES Paris Tech – TELECOM Paris – Université Paris-DauphineMaster Projet Innovation Conception

• http://masterpic.fr/

• EMLYON Business SchoolMS Management de la Technologie et de l'Innovation

• http://masters.em-lyon.com/fr/mastere-specialise-management-technologie-innovation

• Toulouse Business SchoolMS Management de l'Innovation Technologique

• http://www.tbs-education.fr/fr/formations/ms-msc/les-masteres-specialises/management-de-l-innovation-technologique

List of traning in Master in innovation in FRANCE (1)

• Université Paris-Dauphine – INSTN/CEA – ENS Cachan – MINES ParisTech

Master 236 MTI - Management de la Technologie et de l'innovation - M2 mixte PRO et Recherche• www.master-mti.fr/

• Grenoble Ecole de ManagementMS Management Technologique et Innovation

• http://www.grenoble-em.com/325-m-s-management-technologique-1.aspx

•

• Ecole Centrale de ParisMS Innovation & Transformation

• http://www.ms-it.ecp.fr/

• Arts et Métiers ParisTechMS Management Stratégique du Changement par l'Innovation

• http://www.pole-innovation.fr/index.php/formations/ms-management-innovation

List of traning in Master in innovation in FRANCE (2)

• IAE Aix Graduate School of ManagementMaster of Global Innovation Management

• http://www.iae-aix.com/en/iae/programmes-degrees/dual-degrees/master-of-global-innovation-management/

• ESIEE ParisMS Innovation Technologique et Management de Projet

• http://www.esiee.fr/Masteres-specialises/ms_innovation_technologique_management_projets.php

• IAE BordeauxMaster 2 Innovation Technologique et Gestion Industrielle

• http://www.iae-bordeaux.fr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=430&Itemid=231

• IAE PARISManagement de projets internationaux et gestion d’innovation

• http://www.iae-paris.com/formations/formation-initiale/master-administration-des-entreprises-mae-management-de-projets-et-inn

List of traning in Master in innovation in FRANCE (3)

• INSEEC PARISMaster Business Innovation et Stratégie entrepreneuriale

• http://masters.inseec.com/programmes-msc-mba/masters-2/management-strategie/master-business-innovation-strategie-entrepreneuriale.cfm

• IAE GrenobleMaster Management de l’innovation et des Technologies

• http://www.iae-grenoble.fr/master-management-innovation-et-technologies.html

• IAE Lille• Master Stratégie d’innovation et dynamiques entrepreuriales• http://masters.inseec.com/programmes-msc-mba/masters-2/management-strategie/master-business-

innovation-strategie-entrepreneuriale.cfm

• Université de ReimsMaster Entrepreneuriat et innovation

• http://formations.univ-reims.fr/cdm/fr-FR/fiche/description/FRUAI0511296GPRME12MD4/master-entrepreneuriat-et-innovation-(m2)

List of traning in Master in innovation in FRANCE (4)

Master in innovation and Technologies Management

Université PARIS 1 SORBONNE

http://imt-sorbonne.fr/

Cooperation with BRASIL?

7. CONCLUSION

Obrigado !