a 0.5 a/LRi 1 Richardson NumberGr 1000 Grashof NumberRe sqrt(Gr/Ri) Reynolds NumberPr nu_w/alpha_w Prandtl Numberphi 0 Volume Fractionmu_w 0.001003 Dynamic Viscosity of water (Pa.s)mu_nf mu_w/((1-phi)^2.5) Dynamic Viscosity of nanofluid (Pa.s)Cp_w 4179 Specific Heat at constant Pressure of water (J/kg.K)Cp_s 765 Specific Heat at constant Pressure of Al2O3 (J/kg.K)Cp_nf ((1-phi)*rho_w*Cp_w+phi*rho_s*Cp_s)/rho_nf Specific Heat at constant Pressure of nanofluid (J/kg.K)rho_w 997.1 Density of water (kg/m^3)rho_s 3970 Density of Al2O3 (kg/m^3)rho_nf (1-phi)*rho_w+phi*rho_s Density of nanofluid (kg/m^3)Beta_w 0.00021 Thermal Expansion Coefficient of water (1/K)Beta_s 8.50E-06 Thermal Expansion Coefficient of Al2O3 (1/K)Beta_nf ((1-phi)*rho_w*Beta_w+phi*rho_s*Beta_s)/rho_nf Thermal Expansion Coefficient of nanofluid (1/K)k_w 0.613 Thermal Conductivity of water (W/mK)k_s 25 Thermal Conductivity of Al2O3 (W/mK)k_nf k_w*(k_s+2*k_w-2*phi*(k_w-k_s))/(k_s+2*k_w+phi*(k_w-k_s)) Thermal Conductivity of nanofluid (W/mK)nu_w mu_w/rho_w Kinematic Viscosity of water (m^2/s)nu_nf mu_nf/rho_nf Kinematic Viscosity of nanofluid (m^2/s)alpha_w k_w/(rho_w*Cp_w) Thermal Diffusivity of water (m^2/s)alpha_s k_s/(rho_s*Cp_s) Thermal Diffusivity of Al2O3 (m^2/s)alpha_nf k_nf/(rho_nf*Cp_nf) Thermal Diffusivity of nanofluid (m^2/s)angle 0 Cavity inclination angle (degree)rho 1 Densityeta mu_nf/(rho_nf*nu_w*Re) Dynamic viscosityk alpha_nf/(alpha_w*Re*Pr) Thermal conductivityFx Beta_nf*Ri*sin(pi*angle/180)/Beta_w Volume force, x-dir.Fy Beta_nf*Ri*cos(pi*angle/180)/Beta_w Volume force, y-dir.Nuc k_nf/k_w Nusselt number constant