TITLE

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PART 4: PART 4: IMPLEMENTATION IMPLEMENTATION & OPERATION& OPERATION

� 4.3 Environmental Aspect Significant Impact(EASI)

Learning Objectives

� To define what is

environmental aspect

and environmental

impact.

To assess the

� To describe the

environmental aspect

identification.

� To construct the � To assess the

environmental aspect

and significant impact.

� To distinguish the

potential

environmental effects.

� To construct the

identification effects

matrix.

� To identify significant

impacts and pollution

control measures

Definitions

Environmental Aspect and Impact Assessment:

- is a structured and systematic way to identify, evaluate and prioritize the significance of environment impact from operational activities.

Aspects:

- is neutral. Environment aspects could either be a positive (such as making a product out of recycled materials) or negative (such as discharge of toxic materials to a stream).

Definitions cont.

Environmental Aspect:

- is the element of an organization's activities, products or services that can interact with the environment.

Environmental Impact:

- is any change to the environment, whether adverse or - is any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partly resulting from organizational activities, products or services.

Scope of EASI

� Environment Aspects and Impacts shall be identified for each sub activity.

� The Environment Aspect and Impact Assessment Register excludes non-plant-related activities such as Register excludes non-plant-related activities such as Administration Office, Canteen and Training.

Effects Vs Aspects/Impacts

Environment

Impacts

Company

Aspects Impacts

EMS

Aspects

A Simple Mass Balance: Compare

Inputs to Outputs

INPUTS

AIR EMISSIONS

_________________

_________________

OUTPUTSINPUTS____________________

Enterprise facilities & operations

OUTPUTS

__________

__________

DISCHARGES TO WATER

_______________

_______________

DISCHARGES TO LAND

_______________

_______________

SOLID / LIQUID WASTE

_______________

_______________

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT AND

IMPACT ASSESSMENT

PROCEDURES

Preliminary Assessment

� To begin the assessment, operation areas shall be identified.

� For each operation area, the Core activities shall be identified and for each core activity, sub activities shall be identified.

Identified: Operation > Core Activities > Sub Activity

The activities shall be categorised based on their conditions appropriately such as :

A) Operational:

NormalAbnormalEmergency

B) Situational:

NormalAbnormalEmergency

Environmental Aspects Identification

Where relevant identify the following significant environment

Aspects: 1. Emission to air2. Releases to water3. Waste management3. Waste management4. Contamination of land5. Use of raw materials and natural resources6. Other local environmental and community

issues

In all cases one should consider normal and abnormal operations, shut down, start up and potential emergency conditions when making reviews.

A Qualitative AssessmentShall be performed to assess and priorities significant environmental impacts based on the

following criteria:

1.Legislative, Regulatory and Other Requirements

- Malaysian Legal Regulations

- International Conventions and Protocol

Legal requirement relevant to an activity shall be remarked during the Qualitative Assessment for Legislative, Regulatory and Other Requirements using, but not limited to, List of Relevant Legislative, Regulatory and Other Requirements using, but not limited to, List of Relevant Environmental Regulations.

2. Policy and Standards (Yes/No)

e.g: DRB-HICOM Group HSE policy and standards, Specific DRB-HICOM policy and standards

3. Interested External Parties (Yes/No)

- Public/Community/NGOs - Neighbouring Plants

- Shareholders/Joint Ventures - Government Agencies (i.e. DOE, DOSH, BOMBA)

A Quantitative Assessment

Shall be performed to ascertain the environmental risk:

1.Probability Factor (Scale 1 - 4)

2.Severity Factor (Scale 1 - 5)

3. Company Image Factor (Scale 1 - 5)

Formula for determining Significance of Impacts (SI):

Probability x Severity x Company Image = SI

Assessment Process Flow

Identify all aspects

Identify all likely impact

START

Qualitative

Legislation, Policy & Interested Parties

List down sub-activities

Identify core activitiesAdd new activity

Only NNN

Management

of change

Any policy

changes Re-evaluate

Maintain Record

Not Significant

Identify conditions

Identify all aspects

Identify all likely impact

START

Qualitative

Legislation, Policy & Interested Parties

Qualitative

Legislation, Policy & Interested Parties

List down sub-activities

Identify core activitiesAdd new activity

Only NNN

Management

of change

Any policy

changes Re-evaluate

Maintain Record

Not Significant

Identify conditions

EASI Assessment Process

Legislation, Policy & Interested Parties

Concerned?

Quantitative

Probability, Severity & Company

Image

Significant Impact

(Yellow, Orange, Red)

Mitigation Measures

Only Green

Not SignificantLegislation, Policy & Interested Parties

Concerned?

Legislation, Policy & Interested Parties

Concerned?

Quantitative

Probability, Severity & Company

Image

Quantitative

Probability, Severity & Company

Image

Significant Impact

(Yellow, Orange, Red)

Mitigation Measures

Only Green

Not Significant

Identification of Aspects and ImpactsRaw Materials, Energy, Resources

Activity 1

(Products, Activities

& Services)

Activity 2

(Products, Activities

What is

produced?

Where

does it go?

How is it

produced?

What are the

consequences

Raw Materials, Energy, Resources

(Products, Activities

& Services)

Activity 3

(Products, Activities

& Services)

produced? consequences

to the

environment?Environmental

AspectsEnvironmental

Impacts

Identification Effects Matrix

Health /

Environmental

Effects

Raw material

consumption

Production Distribution Use Disposal

Air

Water

Land

Resources

Other

Example of Aspect and Impact

Identification

Emission to airRemoval of

vegetation

Removal of

topsoil

Air pollutionLoss of terrestrial

habitat, loss of

biodiversityLoss of land

fertility, erosion

Land clearingResources,

fuel,

machinery,

land area,

vegetation,

topsoil

Cleared land

Generation

of waste Surface runoff

INPUT OUTPUT

Land degradation, loss

of aesthetic valuesErosion, siltation,

flash floods

Construction

activity or

process

Env.

Aspects

Environmental Impacts

Beneficial Adverse

Land Clearing removal of existing vegetation

-Revenue from sale of marketable trees or plants-use of tree trunks for temporary erosion control

loss of tree coverreduced aestheticsblocked waterways causing floodingloss of terrestrial habitat

biomass incineration

air pollution

mulching of biomass

-reuse in landscapingbiomass

exposed soil surface

erosion and siltationwater pollutionflash floods

slope instability

landslides

vehicular emissions

air pollutionland contamination

vehicular movement

air pollutionvibrationnoise pollutionrisk to public safety

Potential Environmental Effects: Air

Effect

� Global warming

� Ozone layer depletion

� Acid precipitation

Possible Source

� CO2, CH4, fossil fuel combustion

� CFCs, halons, other chlorinated compounds

� SO2 NO x NH3� Acid precipitation

� Rising ground-level ozone

� Exposure to hazardous gases

� Exposure to smoke

� Exposure to radioactivity

� SO2 NO x NH3

� Automobile, bus, truck emissions

� Industrial emissions, evaporation

� Energy installations

� Nuclear installations, wastes, natural sources

Potential Environmental Effects:

Water

Effect

� High Oxygen

� Eutrophication

� Hazardous substances in drinking water

Possible Source

� General organic load

� Phosphorus and nitrogen compound

� Industrial emissionsHazardous substances in drinking water

� Hazardous organisms

� Thermal discharges

� Radioactivity

� Foaming, color, litter

� Lack of water, loss of habitats

� Ecosystem disturbance

� Acidification

Industrial emissions

� Sewage

� Industrial heat

� Natural sources, nuclear installations

� Hospitals

� Pollution

� Excessive consumption

� Air deposition

Potential Environmental Effects:

Land

Effect

� Contamination

Possible Sources

� Hazardous or radioactive waste, air deposition

� Mining, construction

� Disturbance

� Soil erosion

� Disturbance of groundwater

� Loss of habitants

� Mining, construction

� Construction, drainage, logging, loss of soil cover

� Construction, drainage

� Construction, drainage, logging, loss of soil cover

Potential Environmental Effects:

Natural Resources

Effect

- Depletion of:

- minerals / raw material

energy resources

Possible Sources

� Over consumption (Raw material)

- energy resources

- Depletion of living resources � Habitat destruction, over consumption

Potential Environmental Effects: Visual,

Noise, Nuisance

Effect

- Visual

- Dust

Possible Sources

- Construction, litter, production processes, wastes, machinery, - Dust

- Odour

- Noise / Vibration

processes, wastes, machinery, traffic

What Issues Are Significant?

� Direct release of dangerous substances

� Incompliance currently or in the future

� That may cause the enterprise to be out of compliance with its own internal criteria

� Result in civil litigation� Result in civil litigation

� Perceived to be significant by the public or customers

� Restrict future strategic development of the company

� That affect validity of insurance or investors agreement

� That result from poor management of resources, raw materials or wastes cause capital or revenue expenditure which could otherwise be avoided

Monitoring Programmes

� Baseline studies for air, water and noise prior to the earthwork for data comparison during future monitoring.

� To identify and justify sampling stations for air, water & noise (on landuse map).water & noise (on landuse map).

� Effluent discharge point must be identified and reported.

� Frequency of monitoring.

� Sampling method for air, water & noise.

Significant Impacts and Pollution

Control Measures

� To identify the significant impacts due to the project implementation, followed by specific control measure;

� Such as exact location for proposed silt trap,

� to identify high erosion risk slopes

� Proposed control measures in protecting the slopes

Air pollution control measures etc.� Air pollution control measures etc.

Significant Impacts and Pollution

Control Measures Cont..

� Suitable waste water treatment system and air & noise pollution control equipment need to be identified and summary of equipment operation procedure needs to be presented

� Abandonment plan need to be prepared in the case the project is delayedproject is delayed

Workflow Example To Evaluate

Significance

NO

Aspect

Legal RequirementYES

NO

NOT SIGNIFICANT

SIGNIFICANT

ENVIRONMENTAL

ASPECT (SEA)

Corporate Concern

Environmental Consequences

Use of Materials

YES

YES

YES

NO

NO

NO

Actions to be Implemented – Air Quality

Management

� Emission inventory

� Control of emission to atmosphere

� Monitoring

� Reduction of emission sourcesReduction of emission sources

� Installation of control equipment

� Air quality control

� Training and implementation of specific procedures

Actions to be Implemented – Water

Quality Management

� Effluent discharge inventory

� Segregation of storm water, effluent and sewers

� Control of effluent discharges� Monitoring

� Reduction of discharge sources� Reduction of discharge sources

� Installation of treatment system

� Control of receiving body water quality

� Water use minimization

� Training and implementation of specific procedures

Actions to be Implemented – Solid Waste and

Hazardous Materials Management

� Waste inventory

� Location of waste and hazardous materials storage and disposal areas

� Risk assessment

� Procedures to control spills and leaks� Procedures to control spills and leaks

� Waste minimization programs;

� Reduction of materials, reuse, recycle, treatment and final disposal

� Training and implementation of procedures.