part a az-zour offshore eia report

7/24/2019 Part a Az-Zour Offshore EIA Report

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Prepared for

MINISTRY OF ELECTRICITY & WATER

South Al Sourra Street, Ministries AreaP.O. Box 12 Kuwait City Safat 13001 Al Assimah

KuwaitPhone: (965) 2537-1000

Fax: (965) 2537-1402/1421/1422

Prepared by

NATIONAL PETROLEUMSERVICES COMPANY (K.S.C.C)

P.O. Box 9801,Ahmadi 61008, KuwaitPhone: +965 22251000,

Fax: +965 22251010

Date: 20 February, 2013

Report Number: 1501/13/006


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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY(Off Shore)

FORPROPOSED GAS TURBINE POWER PROJECT AT AZ-

ZOUR SOUTH POWER & DISTILLATION PLANT

CONTRACT NO:MEW/C/4514-2012/2013

PREPARED AND FINALIZED FOR AND ON BEHALF OF NAPESCO

FINALIZED BY

Dr. KARNOOR A. DHOULATH

Signature________________

Position: Head, Environmental Consultancy

Date : 20February 2013

PREPARED BY

Eng. KAPIL DURAISAMY

Signature__________________

Position: Environmental Engineer .

Date : 20 February 2013

Approved for and on behalf of NAPESCO by

Eng. K. JEYAKUMAR

Signature:________________________________

Position: Department Manager

Date: 20 February 2013

The report has been prepared by NAPESCO with all reasonable skill, care and diligence

within the terms of contract with the customer taking into account of the resources devoted to

it by agreement with the client.

We disclaim any responsibilities to the client and others in respect of any matter outside the

scope of above contract.

The report is confidential and we accept no responsibility of whatever nature to the third

parties to whom this report or any part thereof, is made known. Any such party relies on the

report at their own risk.


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DOCUMENTHISTORY

Revision

#Document

Identification No Date

Comments / Nature of

Changes

1 1501/13/006 A 6 February 2013 Draft EIA report

2 1501/13/006 A 20 February 2013 Final EIA report (Original)


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NAPESCOEIASTUDYTEAM

K. JEYAKUMARDepartment Manager

Dr. KARNOOR A. DHOULATHHead, Environmental Consultancy

Dr. HAITHAM AL FOUZYProject Coordinator

Dr. BINDU RAJANEnvironmental Specialist

ANUMOL V.GEnvironmental Specialist

Dr. AYED KHANFAREnvironmental Specialist

TARUN MATHUREnvironmental Specialist

AHITAGNI BHATTACHARYAEnvironmental Engineering Specialist

KAPIL DURAISAMYEnvironmental Engineer

RENJITH T.M

AAQ and Noise Monitoring Specialist

THAPANJITH TSpecialist Testing and Monitoring


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EIA Report Rev (A) for Contract No: MEW/C/4514-2012/2013 Page 1 of 125National Petroleum Services Company (KSCC) Kuwait Report No.1501/13/006

ABSTRACT

Ministry of Electricity and Water (MEW) is planning to enhance the existing Power Generation

capacity in the country by setting up of a new 500 MW Open Cycle Gas Turbine (OCGT) plant

(that in future will be converted to Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) Plant at the existing

Az Zour South Power Station area. This offshore EIA study is part of the full Environment

Impact Assessment (EIA) conducted for the proposed OCGT plant at Az Zour South Power

Station site. Without changing any coastal structure configuration, this project was anticipated

for insignificant changes of wave, circulation, sedimentation, and shoreline dynamics.

National Petroleum Services Company (NAPESCO) conducted the baseline survey in

coordination with KISRs Coastal Management Program (CMP) during January to February

2013. This offshore EIA study was aimed to obtain an updated environmental baseline data

on water quality, sediment quality, water currents, water level (tidal variations), etc to predict

any possible adverse effect discharge from the proposed OCGT and its conversion to CCGT

plant. After identifying the potential impacts, appropriate mitigation recommendations against

the negative impacts were also included in this study.

Field surveys coupled with three-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality simulation were

carried out using Delft3D modeling technique. The future conversion to CCGT plant shall

utilize a part of the water from thermal power plant discharge and the final discharge water

from the new CCGT will joins with the distillation discharge box culvert before reaching the

sea.

The study showed that the operation of OCGT Plant will not have any adverse effect on the

existing discharge water quality due to the very limited water usage. The Future CCGT Plant

was evaluated to discharge insignificant amount of water to the sea (of the order of 0.886

m3/s compared to the existing discharge of 138 m

3/s). Modeling results show that under all

wind condition, water temperature at outfall area will not have significant negative impact

compared to the existing condition due to the reduced volume of overall discharge. The slight

salinity level of the seawater conditions enhanced during winter period which could not be

traced by any measurement. Any other adverse changes of physical and water quality

parameters were not expected. The wastewater contaminated by chemical is designed to be

treated in separate system before discharge into the sea. During operational period, reduction

of the discharge during summer period can be achieved by modifying the operational regime

and appropriate operational engineering controls. Establishment of periodic monitoringprogram near the plants vicinity is also recommended to ensure applicable standards.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................5

LIST OF TABLES....................................................................................................................9

ABBREVIATION....................................................................................................................11

A. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...........................................................................................12

1.

PROJECT BACKGROUND......................................................................................29

1.1. IMPORTANCE OF OFFSHORE EIA..............................................................................32

1.2. IMPORTANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA)..................................32

1.3. DESCRIPTIONS OF THE PROJECT ..............................................................................33

1.4. PROPOSED AZSOCGTPOWER PROJECT ...............................................................34

1.5. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY .....................................................................................34

1.5.1 Specific Objectives ...........................................................................................34

1.6.

SCOPE OF THE PRESENT STUDY ..............................................................................35

2. FIELD SURVEY AND DATA GATHERING..............................................................39

2.1. DATA GATHERING FROM SITE INVESTIGATION............................................................39

2.2. PREVIOUS SURVEY (HYDRODYNAMIC AND WATER QUALITY) ........................................41

2.3. ECOLOGICAL SURVEY..............................................................................................45

2.4. METEOROLOGICAL SURVEY .....................................................................................45

2.5. SAMPLE ANALYSIS..................................................................................................47

2.5.1

Seawater Analysis ............................................................................................47

2.5.2 Water temperature and salinity .........................................................................49

2.5.3 Phytoplankton abundant (Chlorophyll-a concentration).....................................51

2.5.4 Dissolved Oxygen.............................................................................................54

2.5.5 Suspended Solids and Turbidity .......................................................................60

2.5.6 Nutrients ...........................................................................................................62

2.5.7 Major Components ...........................................................................................67

2.5.8

Heavy Metals and Petroleum Hydrocarbons.....................................................69

2.6. SEDIMENT QUALITY ANALYSIS .................................................................................73

2.6.1 Grain size and classes......................................................................................73

2.6.2 Nutrients ...........................................................................................................76

2.6.3 Total Organic Carbons......................................................................................78

2.6.4 Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Metals................................................................79


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2.7. MARINE ECOLOGY ..................................................................................................81

2.7.1 Benthic Marine Communities ............................................................................81

2.7.2 Fish Community................................................................................................84

2.7.3 Macrofauna and Meiofauna. .............................................................................85

2.8 COASTAL MORPHOLOGY AND SHORELINE DYNAMICS ....................................................87

2.8.1 Geomorphology of the Coast............................................................................87

2.8.2 Coastline Dynamics..........................................................................................88

2.9 BATHYMETRIC DATA ....................................................................................................91

2.10 TIDE AND CIRCULATION ...........................................................................................92

2.10.1 Tide ..................................................................................................................92

3 HYDRODYNAMIC MODELING ................................................................................98

3.1

MODEL CALIBRATIONS AND VALIDATIONS .....................................................................98

3.2 MODEL PREDICTIONS ..................................................................................................98

4 ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION.........................................................................101

4.1 IMPACT EVALUATIONS ON THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE ................................................101

4.2 IMPACT EVALUATIONS DURING THE OPERATIONAL PHASE............................................101

4.1.1 Impacts on Coastal Morphology and Shoreline Dynamics..............................101

4.1.2 Impacts on Tide and Circulation .....................................................................101

4.3

IMPACTS ON SEAWATER QUALITY................................................................................102

4.3.1 Water temperature and salinity .......................................................................102

4.3.2 Dissolved Oxygen...........................................................................................102

4.3.3 Residual Chlorine ...........................................................................................102

4.3.4 Phytoplankton abundant .................................................................................103

4.3.5 Sediment and sedimentation processes .........................................................103

4.4 IMPACT ON BIOLOGICAL COMPONENTS .......................................................................103

4.4.1

Impacts on Marine Ecology.............................................................................103

4.5 IMPACTS ON SOCIAL,CULTURAL RESOURCES AND ECONOMY ........................................103

4.6 IMPACT EVALUATION .................................................................................................103

4.6.1 Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix (RIAM) Analysis .........................................103


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5 MITIGATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................116

5.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE .............................................................................................116

5.2 OPERATION PHASE ...................................................................................................116

6

CONCLUSIONS......................................................................................................119


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List of Figures

Figure A-1- Generalized map showing project location ..........................................................14

Figure A-2-Comparison of Outfall water rates from existing with proposed OCGT/CCGT......15

Figure A-3-Overall flow of the sea water at the AZS Power ...................................................16

Figure A-4-Profiling measurement of CASTAWAY-CTD ........................................................17

Figure A-5-Simulated depth averaged Salinity distribution.....................................................21

Figure A-6-Simulated depth averaged water Temperature Distribution..................................21

Figure 1-1: Az-Zour South Power Plant, Kuwait.....................................................................30

Figure 1-2: Site Layout Showing Existing and new proposed AZS OCGT Power Project (MEW

Site layout)...........................................................................................................36

Figure 1-3: Detailed Layout for the Proposed AZS OCGT Power Plant .................................37

Figure 2-1-Survey Locations for the baseline studies (synoptic and long term)......................40

Figure 2-2-Profiling measurement of CASTAWAY-CTD close to the Plants Offshore...........42

Figure 2-3: Overall sensor deployment methodology.and measurement ...............................44

Figure 2-4: Pictures during sensor retrieval activities by professional divers..........................44

Figure 2-5: Snapshots of ecological survey activities.............................................................45

Figure 2-6: Location of Kuwait National Meteorological Network station at Ras Az-Zoor (KISR

Station).................................................................................................................46

Figure 2-7: Water sampling using NISKIN Bottle sampler for near-surface and near-bottomwater samples and labelling.................................................................................48

Figure 2-8: Locations and snapshots of the daily measurement of water temperature, salinity

and depth, surface water sampling at the AZS Power Plants offshore. ...............49

Figure 2-9: Comparisons of the new measured water temperature at Intake Station, Inter-

Depth Station, Outfall Station and Offshore Station..............................................49

Figure 2-10: Comparisons of the new measured salinity at Intake Station, Inter-Depth Station,

Outfall Station and Offshore Station.....................................................................50

Figure 2-11: Water quality parameters recorded at EPA monitoring station at Az-Zour in 2009..............................................................................................................................51

Figure 2-12: Chlorophyll-a concentration from laboratory analysis of water sample taken at

Az-Zour South Plants Intake structure.................................................................52

Figure 2-13: Comparisons of the new measured Chlorophyll-a concentration at Intake Station,

Inter-Depth Station, Outfall Station and station 1- 4 at AZS power plant during the

month of January 2013. .......................................................................................52


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Figure 2-14: Existing measured Chlorophyll-a concentration at neap and spring tide ............53

Figure 2-15: Comparisons of close-to-the-surface simulated tidal residual chlorophyll-a

concentration .......................................................................................................53

Figure 2-16: Comparisons of the new measured Dissolved Oxygen in percent at Intake

Station, Inter-Depth Station, Outfall Station and station 1 to 4 at AZS power plantduring the month of January 2013........................................................................55

Figure 2-17: Comparisons of the new measured Dissolved Oxygen concentration at Intake

Station, Inter-Depth Station, Outfall Station and station 1- 4 at AZS power plant

during the month of January 2013........................................................................55

Figure 2-18: Existing Horizontal distribution of measured near-surface and near-bottom

dissolved oxygen concentration at neap and spring tide (Source-NAPESCO

Report 2011). .......................................................................................................56

Figure 2-19: Observed chloride and total alkalinity concentrations from laboratory analysis of

water samples taken from Az-Zour South Plant for 15 consecutive days (January-

February 2013......................................................................................................58

Figure 2-20: Observed total suspended solids and turbidity concentration from laboratory

analysis of water samples taken from AZS power plant. (baseline scenario) .......60

Figure 2-21: horizontal distribution of observed near-surface and near-bottom total suspended

solid taken at neap and spring tide. (Baseline scenario) ......................................61

Figure 2-22: Horizontal distribution of measured near-surface and near-bottom turbidity in

FTU at neap and spring tide (Baseline scenario) .................................................62

Figure 2-23: Observed Ammonia, Nitrate and silica concentrations from laboratory analysis of

water samples taken from AZS power plant outfall...............................................64

Figure 2-24: Observed Total Nitrogen and Phosphate concentrations from laboratory analysis

of water samples taken from AZS power plant outfall...........................................65

Figure 2-25: horizontal distribution of observed near-surface concentration of ammonia,

nitrate, phosphate and silicate taken at neap tide ................................................66

Figure 2-26: Horizontal distribution of observed near-surface concentration of ammonia,

nitrate, phosphate and silicate taken at spring tide...............................................67

Figure 2-27 Observed Sodium, Calcium and Magnesium concentrations from laboratory

analysis of water samples taken from AZS power plant outfall.............................68

Figure 2-28: Major Constituents of sea water (Al-Yamani et al., 2004). .................................69

Figure 2-29: Observed Iron, Copper and Nickel concentrations from laboratory analysis of

water samples taken from AZS power plant. .......................................................70


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Figure 2-30: Horizontal distribution of observed near-surface concentration of Iron (Fe),

Copper (Cu) and Nickel (Ni) taken at neap tide (Baseline Scenario)....................71

Figure 2-31: Horizontal distribution of observed near-surface concentration of Iron (Fe),

Copper (Cu) and Nickel (Ni) taken at spring tide (Baseline Scenario) ..................72

Figure 2-32: Sea bed sediment collection and sieve analysis (AZS area).............................73

Figure 2-33: Comparison of sediment grain size distribution between every station ..............74

Figure 2-34: Sediment grain size distribution and d50 of every station (Baseline Scenario) ..75

Figure 2-35: Horizontal distribution of observed total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP)

from laboratory analysis of seabed sediment samples taken at neap tide

(Baseline Scenario)..............................................................................................77

Figure 2-36: Horizontal distribution of observed cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb) and

Iron (Fe) from laboratory analysis of seabed sediment samples taken at neap

tide. ......................................................................................................................80

Figure 2-37: Horizontal distribution of observed Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPHs)

concentration from laboratory analysis of seabed sediment samples taken at neap

tide.......................................................................................................................80

Figure 2-39: Benthic marine communities from Az-Zour collected using the dredger.............83

Figure 2-40: Examples of underwater picture taken at Outfall and Offshore natural reef station

during benthic marine communities survey. .........................................................83

Figure 2-40: Example of underwater picture of fish species taken during fish communities

survey. .................................................................................................................84

Figure 2-41: Spatial distribution of total abundance of macrofauna at the vicinity of Az-Zour

south desalination plant (top in summer 2007, bottom in spring 2008).................87

Figure 2-42: Spatial distribution of total abundance of meiofauna in the vicinity of Az-Zour

south DPP (top in summer 2007; bottom in spring 2008). ....................................87

Figure 2-43: Location of the coastal morphology studied area (Source: Al-Hulail et al.,

2004) ...................................................................................................................88

Figure 2-44: Coastal features at point A (Source: Al-Hulail et al., 2004). ..........................89

Figure 2-45: Coastal features at point B (Source: Al-Hulail et al., 2004). ..........................89

Figure 2-46: Shoreline positions at AZS OCGT Power Project OCGT Plant, Kuwait (Source:

Al-Yamani et al., 2004).........................................................................................90

Figure 2-47: Bathymetry in the vicinity of the AZS OCGT power plant. ................................92

Figure 2-48: Observed water depth during the survey at AZS Power Plant Intake (January

17th to February 3rd, 2013)..................................................................................93


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Figure 2-49: Observed water depth during the survey at AZS Power Plant Outfall (January

17th to February 3rd, 2013)..................................................................................94

Figure 2-50: Scatter-plot of measured surface flow velocity at Station Intake and Station Inter-

Depth. ..................................................................................................................94

Figure 2-51: Time-series of measured flow velocity (Inter depth Station)...............................95

Figure 2-52: Time-series of measured flow velocity at Outfall Station....................................96


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List of Tables

Table A-1-Coordinates and depths of the sampling station. ...................................................17

Table A-2-Summary of water quality data fro this study compared to the data from previous

study. ...................................................................................................................18

Table A-3-Summary of Scenario setup for the runs conducted ..............................................20

Table A-4-options used for the RIAM Analysis.......................................................................23

Table A-5-Characteristic of Environmental Components........................................................25

Table 1-1: Existing Generation Capacity * in Kuwait (Source: MEW, 2010) ...........................30

Table 1-2: Summary of Existing Open Cycle Gas Turbine (OCGT) and Combined Cycle Gas

Turbine (CCGT) Power Generating & Desalination Plants Capacity ....................31

Table 1-3: Details of the proposed power Plants....................................................................34

Table 2-1: Coordinates and depths of the sampling station....................................................41

Table 2-2: Details of continuous measurement station...........................................................43

Table 2-3: List of automatic data logging sensor deployed offshore of AZS OCGT Power

Project..................................................................................................................43

Table 2-4: Details of water sampling during spring and neap tide survey...............................47

Table 2-5: Summary and number of water sample and considered parameters for water

quality analysis* ...................................................................................................48

Table 2-6: Water Quality Standards for Marine Water in Different Countries* (Source: Al-Hulail

et al., 2010)..........................................................................................................57

Table 2-7: Major Ion Composition of Seawater (mg/l) (Source: Al-Hulail et al., 2010) ............59

Table 2-8: Sediment analysis results at Az-Zour South Power Plant 78

Table 2-9: Comparison of Total Phosphorous Concentrations in Different Marine Sediment

Areas (Source: Al-Hulail et al, 2010) ....................................................................78

Table 2-10: Comparison of Total Nitrogen Levels in Other Regions Worldwide (Source: Al-

Hulail et al, 2010) .................................................................................................78

Table 2-11: Benthic percentage covers for the four study sites..............................................82

Table 2-12: Species List of Macrofauna Recorded at the Vicinity of Az-Zour South DPP

(Source: Ali et al., 2009).......................................................................................86

Table 4-1-Options Used for the RIAM Analysis....................................................................104

Table 4-2-RIAM Analysis for Option 1 Pre construction (Existing Az Zour South South Plant)

...........................................................................................................................106


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Table 4-3-RIAM Analysis for Option 2 Construction of Proposed Az Zour South 500MW

OCGT ................................................................................................................108

Table 4-4-RIAM Analysis for Option 3 Operation of Proposed Az Zour South 500MW

OCGT ................................................................................................................109

Table 4-5-Option -4 Future Conversion to Az Zour South OCGT to CCGT ConstructionPhase.................................................................................................................111

Table 4-6-Option 5 Future Conversion to Az Zour South OCGT to CCGT Operation Phase

...........................................................................................................................112

Table 4-7-Summary of RIAM Analysis (for all Scenarios) ....................................................113

Table 5-1: Monitoring of water and sediment quality during operation phase.......................118


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ABBREVIATION

AAQ - The Ambient Air quality

AFMAD - Aquaculture, Fisheries and Marine Environmental

Department

CCGT - Combined Open Cycle Gas Turbine

CMP - Coastal Management Program

EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment

GPS - Global Positioning System

HD - Hydrodynamic

HRSG - Heat Recovery Steam Generator (boiler)

KEPA - Kuwait Environmental Public Authority

KISR - Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research

MEW - Ministry of Electricity & Water

MOC - Ministry of communication

MIGPD - Million Imperial Gallons per Day

MSE - Mild slope Equation

MW - Megawatt

NAPESCO - National Petroleum Services Company

NEPA - National Environmental Policy Act

NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NW - Northwest

OCCGT - Open Cycle Gas Turbine

OEM s - Original equipment manufacturer

RIAM - Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix

SE - Southeast

TDS - Total Dissolved Solids

TSS - Total Suspended Solids

UNEP - United Nations Environment Programme

WQ - Water quality


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EIA Report Rev (A) Contract No: MEW/C/4514-2012/2013 Page 12 of 125National Petroleum Services Company (KSCC) Kuwait Report No.1501/13/006

A. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

In the State of Kuwait, the rapid growth of urbanization and industrialisation has

resulted in a huge dement for electricity in the country. Therefore a continuous supply

of power with higher availability and reliability has to be assured to meet the countrys

continuous demand of power in its private and public sectors. The summer peak

demand for electrical power in the year 2011 was around 12000 MW and every year

the power demand increases between 6 8 percent. At this rate, it is estimated that

the national peak load demand will reach 25,000 MW by the year 2025.

The Ministry of Electricity and Water (MEW), State of Kuwait is planning to augment

the existing Power Generation capacity in the country by setting up of new 500 MW

capacity Open Cycle Gas Turbine (OCGT) Az-Zour South Power Project (with its

future provision for conversion to Combined Cycle- CCGT) which will be located near

to the existing Az-Zour South CCGT (1+2) Plants (Figure A-1). The new Plant will

have an impact on the onshore and offshore environmental conditions which shall be

fully assessed by the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) investigation works for

the proposed project. This EIA report is prepared based on Kuwait Government

Decision 210/2001 pertain to the Executive By-Law of KEPA regarding the

environmental requirements and standards in the State of Kuwait and by Law No

21/1995 as amended by law No 16/1996. MEW assigned NAPESCO as the KEPA

approved Class- A EIA consultant to carry out the relevant study and to obtain

statutory approval.

This report focus on offshore EIA studies for the proposed project using combinations

of new data obtained from field survey and numerical simulation models. This study

covers the hydrodynamic modeling and the expected shoreline changes due to the

introduction of new OCGT power plant at Az-Zour South Power Plant location which

is completed based on a combination of marine survey during January to February

2013 comprising current and tidal level measurements Water and Sediment Quality

survey and Ecological Survey of the marine area which comes under the influence of

Az-Zour South Power Plant discharges. The synoptic survey for seawater

measurements were carried during neap and spring tide events. AAQ multi-

parameter water quality profiler (JFE Advantech, JAPAN) were used to measure

water depth, water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen concentration,

Chlorophyll-a concentration, turbidity and pH.


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Objectives of the Offshore EIA study are:

To carry-out field observation coupled with numerical simulations to assess

the present condition of the hydrodynamics, water quality, sediment and

coastal ecology at the site and establish an updated baseline environmental

condition before the implementation of new project.

To evaluate the impacts and recommend possible mitigation of the offshore

environmental impacts of concentrated brine discharged from the new OCGT

Plant to the marine environment and coastal processes in terms of

recirculation, regimes of water temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen

concentration.

The present EIA study mainly deals with the impact of existing power plant (Thermal,

MSF, CCGT 1&2), outfall discharges to the coastal area as well as the combined

effect of the New proposed 500MW OCGT plant with the above existing condition. In

addition, the effect of future conversion of OCGT to CCGT also was considered in

this Offshore EIA study which mainly covers the hydrodynamic modeling and the

expected water quality changes due to the proposed CCGT Power Project

considering all the existing discharges from the Existing Az-Zour South power and

Desalination plant. Refer below figure for the Location of Az Zour South power plant.


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Figure A-1- Generalized map showing project location

Outfall water balance at Az Zour South Power Station

Existing Outfall discharge: The total intake capacity at AZSPS is approximately

141m3/s and the overall discharge is found to be between 139 m3/s to 109 m3/s

during summer and winter seasons. Figure A-2 illustrate the intake and outfall

discharges in Az-Zour South, the total intake is not expected to change with the

introduction of new OCGT (and its conversion to CCGT) plant.

New OCGT/CCGT discharge: The requirement of water for the proposed new

OCGT Plant is very negligible and hence no marked discharge is considered. The

future conversion of OCGT to CCGT Plant diverts part of the rejected stream from


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the existing Thermal Power Plant to be used as make up water input. In future

scenario, approximately 9.1 m3/s of seawater is required for the future CCGT

conversion. However, this water will be recycled within the system and an amount of

less than 1.2 m3/s only will be taken as make up water from the thermal Power Plant

discharge for the new CCGT and the rejected water (0.886 m3/s) with an increase in

temperature and elevated salinity will join the discharge box culverts of

Thermal/Desalination outfall. During winter, the water requirement and discharge rate

will be less (details discussed in the modeling section of this report). Comparison of

rates of outfall water details from existing facilities at Az-Zour South Plant (Thermal,

CCGT, Desalination power Plant with proposed OCGT and future combined Cycle

Gas turbine project) is shown in below figures.

86.67

0.886

79.09

48.44

0.886

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Power plant MSF proposed CCGT

Existing

with proposed project

Figure A-2-Comparison of Outfall water rates from exis ting with p roposed OCGT/CCGT

Note : Power Plant includes planned CCGT 1&2. MSF means Distillation Plant, RO- Reverse

Osmosis (planned).


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Figure A-3-Overall flow of the sea water at the AZS Power

Note: With new proposed OCGT and future combined Cycle Gas Turbine Project

Baseline Data Gathering Study

In order to study the existing status of marine area within the vicinity of Az Zour

South power plant, intensive field measurements were carried out in January to

February 2013 in coordination with Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR)

and NAPESCO specialists.

Several field surveys activities have been planned and carried out right after the

project start. The data gathering and field survey were designed to provide temporal

and spatial data of hydrographic and sea water parameters offshore of the AZS

Power Plant. This is to establish the updated environmental baseline at the area as

well as to provide necessary data for numerical simulation works. Intensive survey

was carried out to determine surface, mid depth and near bottom water quality

analysis during spring and neap tide conditions. Fluctuations were observed in water

quality parameters such as Chlorine, Soduium, Calcium, magnesium etc. during the15 days survey period. However, heavy metal concentrations not exhibited to have

many variations. Meteorological survey derived data from KISRs Kuwait National

Meteorological Network (KNMN) at AZS Power Station. Details of survey location

and snapshots of baseline survey are presented in table below. Refer Data gathering

section for more details and attached Appendices for complete data sets. Summary


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of the results in terms of water quality from this study compared with previous study

is given in Table A-2.

Table A-1-Coordinates and depths of the sampling station.

Station Name Latitude Longitude Depth

Intake 28 42.242' 48 23.381' 4.5

Outfall* 28 41.692' 48 22.996' 3.8

Inter-depth * 28 41.577' 48 24.232' 7.5

Sta. 1 28 43.848' 48 23.918' 6.5

Sta. 2 28 42.811' 48 23.224' 6

Sta. 3 28 40.829' 48 23.609' 4

Sta. 4 28 42.807' 48 24.416' 8

Figure A-4-Profiling measurement of CASTAWAY-CTD


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Table A.2: Summary of water quality data from this study compared to the data from

previous study.

S. No Parameter UnitPrevious

study*

Present

study

1. Temperature C 29.5-37.8 C 17.8 to 18.2 C

2. Salinity ppt 41.8-44.5 38-42

3. pH 8.1 7.9

4.DissolvedOxygen

mg/L 4.5 8.0 7.2

5. Turbidity NTU - 1.98

6. Oil /grease mg/L -


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S. No Parameter UnitPrevious

study*

Present

study

29. Zinc (Zn) mg/L NA


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Table A-3-Summary of Scenario setup for the runs conducted

Run ID Season PrevailingWind

Description of the runs

Baseline 1 Summer North westerly With existing Az Zour South thermal power plant andMSF discharges.

Baseline 2 Summer South easterly With existing the Az Zour South thermal power plantand MSF discharges

Baseline 3 Winter North westerly With existing the Az Zour South thermal power plantand MSF discharges

Baseline 4 Winter South easterly With existing the Az Zour South thermal power plantand MSF discharges

Scenario 1 Summer North westerly With existing the Az Zour South thermal power plantand MSF discharges as well as the new CCGT plantdischarge.

Scenario 2 Summer South easterly With existing the Az Zour South thermal power plant

and MSF discharges as well as the new CCGT plantdischarge

Scenario 3 Winter North westerly With existing the Az Zour South thermal power plantand MSF discharges as well as the new CCGT plantdischarge

Scenario 4 Winter South easterly With existing the Az Zour South thermal power plantand MSF discharges as well as the new CCGT plantdischarge

Note: Power Plant includes planned discharge from CCGT 1&2 and Reverse Osmosis plant

(30MIGPD)


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Figure A-5-Simulated depth averaged Salinity distribution

Note: Results are before and after implementation of the Proposed OCGT/CCGT

Figure A-5-Simulated depth averaged Salinity distribution

(Summer -North westerly wind)

After - Near-bottom

After - Near-surface

Before - Near-bottom

Before - Near-surface


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Figure A-6-Simulated depth averaged water Temperature Distribution

Note: Results are before and after implementation of the Proposed CCGT

Figure A-6-Simulated depth averaged Temperature distribution

(summer -North westerly wind)

Figure A-6-Simulated depth averaged water Temperature Distr ibut ion

(Summer -North westerly wind)

After - Near-bottom

After - Near-surface

Before - Near-bottom

Before - Near-surface


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Impact Assessment and Prediction

All possible aspects with respect to Environmental Components were included in the

impact assessment using Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix (RIAM) Analysis. Refer

RIAM analysis for details in Section 4.6.A total of five options were considered to clearly

indicate the impact to marine environment due to the proposed OCGT and its futureconversion to CCGT plant (Refer Table below for options).

Table A- 4 Options Used for the RIAM Analysis

Option Scenario Description

OP1 Existing condition (preconstruction phase)

Existing Az Zour South Thermal, Distillation(MSF), and planned CCGTs and R.O

OP2 Construction phase New OCGT plant

OP3 Operation phase New OCGT plant

OP4 Construction phase Future conversion to CCGT plant

OP5 Operation phase Future conversion to CCGT plant

Positive Impacts: Positive impacts on social and economy are clearly evaluated

from the new project during construction and operation phase. The new project is

expected to provide additional power production and job opportunities which have a

direct positive impact on the Kuwaits growing economy. The present project

anticipates producing more energy effectively by reutilizing the rejected water of the

power plant thus reducing the overall discharges to marine environment.

Negative Impacts:

Construction Phase:Based on the information provided by MEW, the new project

will be added with out major modification of the existing Az-Zour power plants power

generation and water production facilities. The new proposed Az-Zour OCGT (and its

future conversion to CCGT) power plant (hereby referred as the new proposed

OCGT project) has no or negligible offshore environmental impacts since the

projects construction works are all focussed on-land. There is only very minimum

construction activities along the coast hence the impact evaluation is not necessary

for construction phase.

Operational Phase:Direct impacts on seawater temperature and salinity of the new

project are identified by above numerical model predictions. The new proposed


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OCGT project is anticipated to have no significant changes in the salinity level of

ambient seawater hence change the density of seawater also not expected much.

The water density changes reduce the mixing of the discharged water with the

ambient coastal water and cause slightly increasing of water temperature. However,

simulation results suggested the very negligible changes of salinity, water

temperature and density of ambient seawater is concentrated to the vicinities nearby

the plants outfall. In the power plant, chlorine or other oxidants are used (typically

low content below harmful levels) to control biofouling, these are typically neutralized

before the water enters the membranes to prevent damage (Lattemann & Hopner,

2007). However, the present project is expected to post no or negligible impacts to

the seawater quality in terms of residual chlorine.

Due to the project nature and volume of discharge, it was identified in the present

study that the impacts on dissolve oxygen and phytoplankton are negligible. The

coastal marine ecology is identified as an already affected area locally at the plants

outfall. Moreover, on micro level examination of the model results it was inferred that

the total amount discharge is reduced with no significant change in salinity and

temperature. Specific findings from modelling study are highlighted below:

Average increase of water temperature in summer and winter are 0.01 Coand

0.03 Co, respectively.

Average increase of the salinity in summer and winter are 0.01 ppt and 0.02

ppt, respectively.

Average decrease of the dissolved oxygen concentration during northwesterly

wind and southeasterly wind are 0.012 mg/l and 0.010 mg/l, respectively.

Modelling result suggests negligible impact of the new project to the baseline

tidal-driven flow velocity.

Sediment and sedimentation processes and their qualities are expected to have

insignificant influences from the new project which is evidenced from many

sampling and analysis episodes conducted by KISR and NAPESCO during the year

2011 to 2013. The present condition of sediment quality shows insignificant changes

in sediment chemistry, however, it is slightly affected already by the existing Az-Zour

power plant operation.

The RIAM analysis for cumulative impact of all the options is discussed in summary Table (in

Section 4) and description of Environmental Components for all project phases is

discussed in Table A-5 below.


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EIA Report Rev (A) Contract No: MEW/C/4514-2012/2013 National Petroleum Services Company (KSCC) Kuwait

Table A-5 Characteristic of Environmental Components

Environmental Components

Operating

conditionsPhysical and Chemical

Biological and

Ecological

Sociological

cultural

Northwesterly

prevailing wind

No impacts from increase of salinity

and water temperature in the vicinity of

the outfall, insignificant change for other

water quality parameter

There is no change in

impact on the benthic and

water column fauna and

flora at the outfall vicinity

No significant

Southeasterly

prevailing wind

No impacts from increase of salinity and

water temperature in the vicinity of the

outfall, insignificant change for other

water quality parameter

There is no change in

impact on the benthic and

water column fauna and

flora at the outfall vicinity

No significant

Abnormal operating

condition

Moderate negative impact to water

quality by the release of concentrated

brine, warm and chemical used in the

power Plant can have a negative impact

to the marine life at AZS Power Plant

vicinity.

Negative impact on the

benthic and water column

fauna and flora at the

outfall vicinity

No significant


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Mitigation Measures

Mitigations and recommendations during the construction phase of the new proposed

OCGT Plant at Az-Zour Station are not necessary as no additional construction and

no discharge on the offshore area is expected.

During operation, the process condenser should be maintained to preset values.

Typical values for these delta-Ts are in the range of 10 to 15 F. However, the

maximum acceptable temperature changes across the evaporator and condenser of

a specific heat pump should be verified with the manufacturer. The use of circulators

on both the evaporator and condenser will result in less electrical consumption by the

circulators and higher overall system efficiency.

Lastly, although the significant acute adverse impacts the new project to the coastal

marine environment were not identified in the present study, it is advised to maintain

a continuous regular monitoring at the Az-Zour power plant vicinity to observe the

long-term cumulative impacts of the combined effect of existing and future project as

well as the projects from the surrounding ar. Target monitoring parameters should at

least include water level, flow velocity, water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen,

chlorophyll-a concentration, residual chlorine and heavy metal, hydrocarbon as well

as. Refer monitoring plan for details in Section 5.

General Recommendations for CCGT

Engineering design controls should be considered suitably so that the

discharge water temperature shall not be greater than 10C difference from

the average temperate of intake/make up water.

Cooling tower technology to be used to lower and maintain the make up water

temperature in the CCGT plant (future conversion).

Chemical spills and storm water leakage; increased storm water runoff; and

surface water drainage, flooding and climate change are also assessed as

Low impact risks. However, chemical spill management plan to beimplemented in case of need.

Drainage water disposal system should be separately considered. All other

waste (liquid and solid) generated from the OCGT/CCGT should be managed

and disposed as per the waste Management plan contained in Onshore EIA

study.


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It is also recommended that any coastal activities related to liquid discharges

to sea need to be in compliance with ARTICLE 59 described in Chapter V of

KEPA regulations and standards.

The study makes following recommendations to the existing operation of

Power and desalination plant at Az Zour to improve the quality of marine

environment.

Power Plant

The thermal power plants should adopt suitable system to reduce water

temperature at the final discharge point to sea so that the resultant rise in the

temperature of receiving water does not exceed 10C over and above the

ambient temperature of the receiving water as per KEPA standards.

Reduce impingement and entrainment of fish and shellfish by using barrier

nets (seasonal or year-round), fish handling and return systems, fine mesh

screens, wedgewire screens, and aquatic filter barrier systems in the water

intake system.

Desalination Plant

A key concern of desalination plants are the concentrate and chemical

discharges to the marine environment, which may have adverse effects on

water and sediment quality, impair marine life and the functioning of coastal

ecosystem (Lattemann and Hopner, 2007). The option of disposing pre-

treatment waste with the saline concentrate is unlikely to have significant

toxicological effects but further testing of the final suite of chemicals should be

undertaken. Notwithstanding this, National and International best practice

suggests that pre-treatment wastes should not be disposed of to the marine

environment and should be disposed to government approved landfills.

The discharge brine has the ability to change the salinity, alkalinity and the

temperature averages of the seawater and can cause change on marinehabitat.

Salinity, temperature and total alkalinity fluctuations, as a consequence of the

brine discharge of the desalination plant, can play a role in determining the

abundance and distribution of flora and faunas species. Long term monitoring

of the conditions proposed in relation to temperature, salinity and alkalinity at

the site vicinity of desalination discharge outlet is recommended. This would


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allow the verification of the appropriate distribution of the discharge plume into

the seawater and the impact to coastal system.

Regular water sampling program needs to be undertaken in the area of AZS

discharge location to clearly determine the factors affecting on the aquatic

system could be better understood. Therefore an intensive study of

environmental effects and seawater quality monitoring needs to be

undertaken periodically by MEW and submit to KEPA.


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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1. PROJECT BACKGROUND

Due to the increased demand of electric power supply, new Power Plants are being proposed

by the Ministry of Electricity and Water (MEW). Hence, MEW in State of Kuwait is planning to

install a new 500 MW capacity Open Cycle Gas Turbine (OCGT) power Plant which will be

located near to the existing 2400 MW (Thermal) and 2500 MW (OCGT/CCGT) Power Plant.

This new OCGT Plant proposed will be converted to a combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) in

the future. However, by setting up of this new OCGT plant will have inevitable an impact on

the offshore environmental conditions which shall be fully assessed by the Environmental

Impact Assessment (EIA) investigation works for the proposed project. This offshore EIAreport is prepared using combinations of new data obtained from field survey and numerical

simulation models in addition to the archived data from the studies carried out by Kuwait

Institute for Scientific Research (KISR).

The discharge of increased saline water with higher water temperature compared to the

existing background value calls for detailed investigation of its potential adverse impact to the

coastal environment (in terms of hydrodynamics and water quality). The recirculation of the

temperature and salinity from the outfall to the intake is also an important design parameter.

For this purpose numerical models are usually used to study the recirculation and to choose

the most suitable intake outfall design to minimize any recirculation.

National Petroleum Services Company (NAPESCO) conducted the baseline survey in

coordination with KISRs Coastal Management Program (CMP) and started the offshore

baseline survey for the project from January to February 2013. Location of the existing AZS

Power Generation intake and out fall location is presented in Figure 1-1 and Table 1-2 provide

the capacities of the existing Open Cycle Gas Turbine (OCGT) and Combined Cycle Gas

Turbine (CCGT) Power Generating and Desalination Plants.


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Figure 1-1: Az-Zour South Power Plant, Kuwait

Table 1-1: Existi ng Generation Capacity * in Kuwait (Source: MEW, 2010)

Steam Generator ( Boiler ) &

Turbine Units

Desalination MSF Units

LocationNo. of Units Total Capacity

(MWe)

No. of Units Total Capacity

(MIGPD)

Az-Zour South 8 2400 16 115.2

Doha East 7 1050 7 43.2

Doha West 8 2400 16 110.4

Shuwaikh 3 - 3 19.5

AZS 8 2400 8 100

Shuaiba South 6 804 6 30

Total: 40 9054 56 418.3

* From Steam Generator and Steam Turbine, MWe: Megawatt, MIGPD: Million Imperial

Gallons Per Day

All steam turbines of above mentioned existing power stations are designed with extraction

steam for seawater desalination facilities. Shuaiba South Steam Power station is designed to

Out fall

Intake channel


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operate on natural gas and/or gas oil and crude oil. Heavy fuel oil firing facilities were added

at a later date. Doha West, Az-Zour South and AZS OCGT Power Project Steam Power

Stations are designed to operate on natural gas and/or gas oil, crude oil and heavy fuel oil.

The summary of the output capacities of Gas Turbine power Plants (both existing and

proposed units) is shown below table.

Table 1-2: Summary of Exis ting Open Cycle Gas Turbine (OCGT) and Combined Cycle

Gas Turbine (CCGT) Power Generating & Desalination Plants Capacity

Power Station(s)Number

of Units

Unit

Capacity

(MWe)

Total

power

(MWe)

Total

Water

Capacity

(MIGPD)

Az-Zour South - (OCGT) 4 27.8 111 -

Az-Zour South (OCGT/Siemens) 8 125 1000 -Az-Zour South (CC Conv.) : -

Steam Turbine2 280 560- -

Az-Zour South (OCGT/Summer

2008)5 156-165 784 - 826 -

Az-Zour South (CC Conv./

Summer 2008) Steam turbine*2 135 370 -

Doha East - (OGCT) 6 18 108 -

Doha West (OCGT/Summer 2007)

Total 210 MW ISO)5 42 (ISO) 142 -

AZS OCGT (OCGT/Summer 2007)

(Total 640 MW ISO)10 50-85 (ISO) 500 -

AZS OCGT (CCGT): Gas turbines

AZS OCGT (CC): Steam Turbines

(Total 2000 MW)

6

3

225

210

1350

630 -

Shuwaikh Plant (OCGT/Summer

2007)6 42 252 -

:PlantGeneration-CoShuaiba North

Gas Turbine (OCGT)

Steam Turbine (CC Conv

Desalinated Water

3

1

3

-

215

-

428

215

-

-

-

45(*)

Expected Total (Approx.): 6492 45(*)


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1.1. IMPORTANCE OF OFFSHORE EIA

Despite the socio-economic benefits which desalination Plants offer and the key role it plays

in sustainable development (Dawoud, 2005), the potential negative impacts associated with

desalination Plant operation as land-based sources of pollution have gained international

attention (UNEP, 2006). The introduction of concentrated brine waste effluent has beenhistorically considered to be a major environmental concern with desalination Plants,

particularly on marine ecosystem (Hashim and Hajjaj, 2005; Lattemann and Hopner, 2003;

Abdul Raheem, 2007; Roberts et al., 2010). Effects more specific to desalination Plants are

the impingement and entrainment of organisms due to the intake of large quantities of

seawater. A key concern of desalination Plants are the concentrate and chemical discharges

to the marine environment, which may have adverse effects on water and sediment quality,

impair marine life and the functioning and intactness of coastal ecosystem (Lattemann and

Hopner, 2007). All desalination processes produce large quantities of a concentrate, which

may be increased in temperature, salinity, contain residues of pre-treatment and cleaning

chemical, their reaction (by-) products and heavy metal due to corrosion.

1.2. IMPORTANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA)

Many industrial and development activities produce undesirable environmental

consequences. In response to the problems, the US congress enacted the National

Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), which marked the first comprehensive environmental

legislation and the first use of EIAs. Many countries have adopted this legislation; Kuwait has

made sincere steps toward adopting and implementing of this methodology as reflected in

legislation nos. 62 and 92 of 1980 and 1990, respectively. Based on Kuwait Government

Decision 210/2001 pertain to the Executive By-Law of KEPA regarding the environmentalrequirements and standards in the State of Kuwait and by Law No 21/1995 as amended by

law No 16/1996, this EIA report is prepared as per the above guidelines contained in Chapter

1 to obtain statutory approval.

The purpose of EIA is to give the environment its due place in the decision making process

by clearly evaluating the environmental consequences of a proposed activity before any

action is taken. To be of most benefit it is essential that environmental assessment is carried

out to determine significant impacts early in the project cycle (i.e., before and during

construction works). Once implementation of the project has commenced, the EIA should lead

to a mechanism whereby adequate monitoring is undertaken to realize environmental

management.

EIA is intended to identify the environmental, social and economic impacts of a proposed

development prior to decision making. The project managers can then address these

problems in order to avoid or minimize environmental impacts in conjunction with their project

planning. This results in the likelihood of the project planning stages running smoother. An


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impact indicator is an element or parameter that provides some sort of measure of the

magnitude of environmental impact (Munn, 1975). Examples of different indicators are loss of

recreational activities, changes in water quality parameters such as pH and turbidity, or loss

of bird communities and vegetation. The measurement may be qualitative or quantitative,

depending on the parameter and the means of evaluating future changes. The evaluation

process is usually subject to expert opinions (Al-Ghadban and Al-Ajmi, 1993).

1.3. DESCRIPTIONS OF THE PROJECT

In order to meet the increasing demand of electric power and water, MEW has decided for

Installation and commissioning of a new 500 MW Capacity OCGT Project at the existing Az-

Zour South Power and Distillation Plant site (as referred above). Also the proposed Az-Zour

South Open Cycle Gas Turbine Power Station (here after refer as AZS OCGT Power Project)

will be installed with a combined nominal generating power capacity of approximately

500MW. Each gas turbine generator unit would consist of three main items being the gas

turbine, generator, and high voltage transformer. Gas turbine systems operate on the

thermodynamic cycle known as the Brayton cycle. In each gas turbine generator, air is drawn

in through filters to remove particulate matter prior to compression. The compressed air then

flows into the combustion chambers where natural gas is injected and burnt, increasing the

temperature to approximately 1100 to 1200C.

The upgraded GT units of the proposed AZS OCGT Power Project will have a designed

minimum net operational life of around 25 years as per OEM (Original Equipment

Manufacturer) Standards.

The specific technical features of proposed AZS OCGT Power Project are given below:

Net Power Capacity (OCGT- 500 MW plus future conversion capacity to Combined

Cycle):

Major Plant and Equipment consisting Gas Turbine (GT) Units & Generators and all

associated Balance of Plant and Common Auxiliaries, all of which to be identical

units.

GT Units (Dry Low NOx Technology type) to be capable to operate for both base load

and peaking load operations.

Gas Turbine Units with its compressors capable of firing dual fuels (natural gas and

gas oil) with both fuels considered to be primary fuels and fuel change over from one

fuel to other and vice versa as per OEM standards.

Steam Turbine and HRSG units with all its auxiliaries for future combined cycle

scheme.

The power export facilities will be connected to the 400 kV transmission network.


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1.4. PROPOSED AZSOCGTPOWER PROJECT

Theproposed AZS OCGT Power Project will be initially operating in open cycle mode while it

will be converted into combined cycle mode in the future. The GT Units will use dual fuel firing

technology (i.e. either natural gas or gas oil). Fuel is burned in the combustion chambers of

the gas turbines from where hot gases expand through the power turbines to drive the

electrical generators m order to generate electricity. Each Gas Turbine Unit will have its own

discharge stack for release of hot exhaust gases to the atmosphere. Location of new

OCGT/CCGT Plant and Detailed layout for the Proposed OCGT is given in Figure 1.2 and

1.3. The capacity of proposed OCGT Plant details is given in Table 1-3.

Table 1-3: Details of the proposed power Plants

1.5. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The main objective is to gather necessary field observation and data from AZS Power Project

offshore area as in MEW tender document and to conduct modelling study, (hydrodynamic

and water quality simulation) for the offshore EIA investigation.

1.5.1 Specific Objectives

Specific objectives of the present service are as follows.

o To collect and study the offshore environmental impact from the site investigation

and modeling studies.

o To carry-out field observation coupled with numerical simulations to assess the

present condition of the hydrodynamics, water quality, sediment and coastal

ecology at the site and establish an updated baseline environmental condition

before the implementation of new project.

o To evaluate the impacts and recommend possible mitigation of the offshore

environmental impacts of concentrated brine discharged from the new OCGT

Plant to the marine environment and coastal processes in terms of recirculation,

regimes of water temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen concentration.

Power stationsNumber of

Units

Unit capacity

(MWe) Kuwait site

Condition

Total

power

(MWe)

Total Water

capacity (MIGPD)

AZS OCGT PowerProject

2 250 500 -


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1.6. SCOPE OF THE PRESENT STUDY

Setting up of this new OCGT Plant at the proposed location will have an impact on offshore

environmental condition, which shall be fully accessed by this Environmental Impact

Assessment (EIA) study for the proposed project. This study covers the hydrodynamic

modeling and the expected changes due to the proposed AZS OCGT Power and the futureconversion to CCGT Plant to the existing marine environment with special reference to water

quality. In addition, all other possible impacts associated with planned development in the Az

Zour South Power station is also addressed as part of this offshore EIA study.


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EIA Report Rev (A) for Contract No: MEW/C/4514-2012/2013National Petroleum Services Company (KSCC) Kuwait

Figure 1-2: Site Layout Showing Existing and new proposed AZS OCGT Power Project (MEW


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EIA Report Rev (A) for Contract No: MEW/C/4514-2012/2013National Petroleum Services Company (KSCC) Kuwait

Figure 1-3: Detailed Layout fo r the Proposed AZS OCGT Power Plant


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EIA Report Rev (A) for Contract No: MEW/C/4514-2012/2013 Page 38 of 125National Petroleum Services Company (KSCC) Kuwait Report No. 1501/13/006

CHAPTER 2

FIELD SURVEY AND DATA GATHERING

(BASELINE STUDY)


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2. FIELD SURVEY AND DATA GATHERING STUDY

FIELD SURVEY PLAN

To ensure that the present study will be able to utilize well validated data from our site

monitoring and investigation as well as to include EIA study aspects which are considered in

the present study, the project team brought together field and simulated data as well as EIA

analyses of wave dynamics from KISRs archive reports and presentations. The archived

field data will be used to calibrate and validate numerical simulation models in addition with

new data set from the present project field work (filed survey and modelling was conducted in

coordination with KISR team). Below is a list of some KISR projects at Az-Zour Plant.

Environmental Impact Assessments for the Az Zour thermal power project [EM009C-

2004],

Impacts of desalination Plants effluents discharged on the marine environment in

Kuwait [EM043C-2008],

Offshore environmental Impact Assessment of Az Zour north co-generation (power

and desalination) Plant [EC074C-2011].

Offshore environmental Impact Assessment for the Installation of 30MIGPD Reverse

Osmosis plant at Az Zour South (Jointly done by KISR and NAPESCO- 2011)

2.1. DATA GATHERING FROM SITE INVESTIGATION

Several field surveys activities have been planned and carried out right after the project start.

The data gathering and field survey were designed to provide temporal and spatial data of

hydrographic and sea water parameters offshore of the AZS Power Plant. This is to establish

the updated environmental baseline at the area as well as to provide necessary data for

numerical simulation works. Refer Figure 2-1 for the baseline study survey locations.


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Figure 2-1 Survey Locations for the baseline studies (synopti c and long term)

Spatial data of hydrographic and water quality parameters are important to understand overall

oceanographic features of the study area, and to make necessary calibration and validation of

numerical simulation models to present impacts of proposed new OCGT and its future

conversion to CCGT plant to AZS Power Plant coastal environment. The synoptic survey for

seawater measurements were carried at neap and spring tide. AAQ multi-parameter water

quality profiler (JFE Advantech, JAPAN) were used to measure water depth, water

temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen concentration, Chlorophyll-a concentration, turbidity

and pH. Table 2-1 provides the details of sampling stations (January to February 2013).

Details of measuring instrument, and sample analysis results are provided as Appendix A and

B.


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Table 2-1 Coordinates and depths of the sampling station.

Station Name Latitude Longitude Depth

Intake 28 42.242' 48 23.381' 4.5

Outfall* 28 41.692' 48 22.996' 3.8

Inter-depth * 28 41.577' 48 24.232' 7.5

Sta. 1 28 43.848' 48 23.918' 6.5

Sta. 2 28 42.811' 48 23.224' 6

Sta. 3 28 40.829' 48 23.609' 4

Sta. 4 28 42.807' 48 24.416' 8

Note: * New sampling location

2.2. PREVIOUS SURVEY (HYDRODYNAMIC AND WATER QUALITY)

We plan to bring together field and simulated data as well as EIA analyses of wave dynamic,

coastal sedimentation processes and shoreline dynamic from KISRs archive of reports and

presentations. The archived field data was used to calibrate and validate numerical simulation

models in addition with new data set from the present project field work.

Several field survey started from on-shore and offshore site visit followed by the long-term

deployment of various oceanographic sensors for continuous unattended measurement of the

hydrographic and sea water properties temporal variation. During this sensor deployment

period, the synoptic survey and water sampling at spring and neap tide, the daily

measurement and water sampling at the Plant intake structure and ecological survey were

carried out. Moreover the sediment collection for grain size analysis and chemical component

analysis were exercised. The meteorological conditions (i.e. wind speed, wind direction, solar

radiation, relative humidity, air temperature, and atmospheric pressure) were collected at one-

hour resolution from Kuwait National Meteorological Network at Al AZS Power Project Met-

One station. The following section provides summaries of all mentioned activities.

The previous site survey of the AZS Power Plant was carried out in July 2011. In addition,

Offshore reconnaissance survey using the COASTAL LAB1, CEP-KISR speed boat was

carried out in January to February 2013. Based on this survey, the exact GPS locations,

water depth and sensor deployment methods were determined. The GPS location and water

depth measurement were carried out using KISR Coastal lab. equipped with accurate


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navigation system with GPS and echo sounder (FURUNO, JAPAN). The sensor deployment

method was determined from the practicable and vertical structure of sea water parameters.

Below Figure shows the profiling measurement of water temperature, conductivity (to

calculate salinity) and depth or CTD using CASTAWAY (YSI, USA) during the

reconnaissance survey.

Various hydrographic and water quality automatic data logging sensors were deployed for

over than three weeks at several representative pre-determined offshore locations close to

the Plant. This is to monitor the temporal changes of hydrographic (water level, current

velocity, salinity, temperature, seawater density) and water quality (Chlorophyll-a

concentration, Dissolved oxygen concentration, pH) parameters. The sensors were either

attached to moored chain at different depths at moored submerged buoys (one sensor was

tied to a navigation tower close to the Plants intake structure) or fixed to the sea bottom by

stainless steel frame. The deployment period is 15 days during January to February 2013

covering spring and neap tides. Sample collection and the sensor deployment methodology

and the coordinates and depths are provided in Table 2-2. Details of sensors, corresponded

measuring parameters, sampling interval and deployment methods are provided in Table 2-

3,. and Figure 2-2 to 2-4.

Figure 2-2-Profiling measurement of CASTAWAY-CTD close to the Plants Offshore


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Table 2-2: Details of continuous measurement station

Station Name Latitude Longitude Descriptions

Intake 28 42.242' 48 23.381'Deployment of ADCP, WLL, ACTW,AAQ measurement. Surface watersampling

Outfall* 28 41.692' 48 22.996'Deployment of ADCP, WLL, ACTW,AAQ measurement. Surface watersampling

Inter-depth * 28 41.577' 48 24.232'AAQ measurement. Surface watersampling

Sta. 1 28 43.848' 48 23.918'AAQ measurement. Surface watersampling

Sta. 2 28 42.811' 48 23.224'AAQ measurement. Surface watersampling

Sta. 3 28 40.829' 48 23.609'AAQ measurement. Surface water

sampling

Sta. 4 28 42.807' 48 24.416'

AAQ measurement. Surface water

sampling

Table 2-3: List of automatic data logg ing sensor deployed offshore of AZS Power

Plant area

Name ofInstrument

(Manufacturer)Measuring parameters

SamplingInterval

Deployment method

Acoustic DopplerCurrent Profiler(Teledyne RDInstruments, USA)

Vertical distribution of flowvelocity, water depth, close tothe sensor water temperature

10 minutes Sea bottom mouthwith stainless steelframe

YSI 6600 V2 Sonde( YSI, USA)

Water depth, water temperature,salinity, dissolved oxygen conc.,Chlorophyll-a conc., pH

10 minutes Attached to themooring chain closeto water surface

ACTW-USB (JFEAdvantech, JAPAN)

Water temperature and salinity 10 minutes Attached to themooring chain

HOBO-WLL(Onset, USA)

Water level, water temperature 5 minutes Attached to themooring chain

MicroCAT CTD(SeabirdElectronics, USA)

Salinity, water temperature,depth

5 minutes Attached to themooring chain andnavigation tower.

Note: Current data and tidal level time series details, water and sediment sample results arepresented in Section 2.5 to 2.7.


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Figure 2-3: Overall sensor deployment methodology.and measurement

Figure 2-4: Pictures during sensor retrieval activities by professional divers


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2.3. ECOLOGICAL SURVEY

The marine ecological survey would require field visits and diving to classify the study area

zone. Minimum five stations close to the proximity of the effluent outlet of Thermal Power

Plant and desalination Plant were planned for survey. The survey method adopted was

underwater video survey for benthic cover and line survey for pelagic organisms. It was foundthat the immediate visual count (slate method) was superior to video recording in inventorying

fish assemblages. Marine food chain dynamics and energy flows in marine ecosystems (in

the water column/pelagic and the bottom layer/benthos), benthic-pelagic coupling; coral reefs,

is the mission of the department of Aquaculture, Fisheries and Marine Environment (AFMAD).

The ecological surveys were carried out in the same area of water and sediment samples and

relevant pictures were taken. Figure 2-5 shows the Snapshots during the ecological survey.

Figure 2-5: Snapshots of ecological survey activities

2.4. METEOROLOGICAL SURVEY

Meteorological survey derived data from KISRs Kuwait National Meteorological Network

(KNMN) at AZS Power Station. The station is based on a 10m tower and has the following

components:- wind speed cup-type sensors at 10m heights (Uncertainty: 1.5%), one wind

direction vane-type sensor at 10m height (Uncertainty: 5o), one pyranometer for solar

radiation (Uncertainty: 5%), combined relative humidity and temperature sensors

(capacitive/resistive type sensor) with solar shield (Uncertainty: 2%RH, 0.1oC),

atmospheric pressure sensor (Uncertainty: 1.35mBar / 1.25% FS), rainfall tipping-bucket


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type sensor (Uncertainty: 1%), evaporation gauge with auto-refill feature (Uncertainty:

0.25%). It has an underground water tank with an internal pump to keep the water level in the

evaporation pan constant at 200mm. The refilling process is controlled by software and it

takes place daily at midnight. A 35W solar panel is used to charge a 12V standard lead-acid

battery buried underground. The battery supplies the water pump as well as the sensors and

the data logger with electricity. Figure 2-6 shows the location of AZS Power Station (Ras Az-

Zoor)and picture of the measurement tower.

Figure 2-6: Location of Kuwait National Meteorological Network station at Ras Az-Zoor

(KISR Station)


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2.5. SAMPLE ANALYSIS

2.5.1 Seawater Analysis

Present study carried out the water and sediment samplings to study the spatial and temporal

data. There are two sampling schemes applied i.e. the synoptic samplings and daily

samplings. The synoptic sampling collect near-surface and near-bottom water sample and

bottom sediment at spring and neap tide. During the daily sampling collected the surface

water sample at the AZS Power Plants intake structure once a day for 15 consecutive days.

From 17thJanuary 2013 to 3

rdFebruary 2013, continuous once-a-day measurement of water

depth, water temperature and salinity and surface water sampling was carried out for 15 days.

Water samples were immediately transferred to five 1-litter plastic bottles for separate

analysis of Na, Ca, Total alkalinity, Mg, Cl, Dissolved and total Macro-nutrient, Chlorophyll-a

concentration and total suspended sediment. All bottles were immediately stored in the dark

ice chest and delivered to NAPESCO laboratory on the same day. The survey was done at

the middle of the inside bridge at the AZS Power Plants intake structure at latitude 2934.904'N longitude 48 12.095'E.

Along with the vertical profiling measurements during synoptic survey, the water sampling

close to the surface and bottom of the water column using Niskin-Bottle Sampler were carried

out. Locations of the pre-determined synoptic station names, coordinates and depth of the

stations are given in Table 2-4. Figure 2-7 shows some snapshots during the water sampling.

Table 2-5 provides natures of the samples and target parameters analyzed by NAPESCO

Sediment grain size analysis of sediment samples was analyzed by Gulf Inspection

Company, Kuwait.

Table 2-4: Details of water sampling during spring and neap tide survey

Station name Latitude (N) Longitude (E) Depth Sensor deployment

Intake 28 42.242' 48 23.381' 4.5 Yes

Outfall* 28 41.692' 48 22.996' 3.8 Yes

part a az-zour offshore eia report

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