part c – ad brain scans - anatomical (4.5 mb)
TRANSCRIPT
HOW CAN NEUROIMAGING HELP UNDERSTAND, DIAGNOSE, AND
DEVELOP TREATMENTS FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE?
Part C – AD brain scans - anatomical NUCLEAR MEDICINE GRAND ROUNDS
Stanford University
J. Wesson Ashford, M.D., Ph.D.
Clinical Professor (affiliated), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesSenior Research Scientist, Stanford / VA Aging Clinical Research
Stanford University and VA Palo Alto Health Care System
January 5, 2010
Slides at: www.medafile.com (Dr. Ashford’s lectures)
BRAIN SCANNING TECHNIQUES
• ANATOMICAL BRAIN IMAGING– CT – cerebral tomography– MRI – magnetic resonance imaging
• FUNCTIONAL BRAIN IMAGING– SPECT – single photon emission computed tomography– PET – FDG – Positron emission tomography
• BRAIN CHEMISTRY MEASUREMENT– MRS (spectroscopy – NAA/Cr: estimate neuronal volume)
• BRAIN PATHOLOGY IMAGING– PIB – amyloid (many compounds under development)– FDDNP – neurofibrillary pathology
Evolution of Neuroimaging in ADEvolution of Neuroimaging in AD• Computed TomographyComputed Tomography• MRIMRI• Volumetric MRIVolumetric MRI• Co-registration of MRICo-registration of MRI• Functional MRIFunctional MRI• FDG Glucose PETFDG Glucose PET• Amyloid ImagingAmyloid Imaging• P-Tau imagingP-Tau imaging
FDG Glucose PET
Lab of Neuro Imaging UCLA School of Medicine. www.loni.ucla.edu/~thompson/AD_4D/dynamic.html.
Helmuth L. Science. 2002;297:1260-1262.
Alzheimer Disease Forum. http://www.alzforum.org/new/detail.asp?id=948.
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NORMAL ALZHEIMER
Hippocampus outline Entorhinal Cortex outline
Braak and Braak stage vs normalized bilateral hippocampal formation (HF) volume in subjects with isolated AD pathology. Jack et al., 2002
Jack et al., 1992HF/TIV = Hippocampal Formation / Total Intracranial Volume
AD-Designed Probability Atlas:Probabilistic Atlas of Hippocampal Volumes
Mega et al. 2002UCLA Medical Center
Future MRIs will include estimates of disease probability based on volumes.
Volumes already being done in some medical centers.