participatory budgeting

AMITY GLOBAL BUSINESS SCHOOL, PUNE

PROJECT REPORT

ON

PARTICIPATORY BUDGETING FOR JANWANI

BY

SHREY CHANDRAMBA (2013-2015)

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degreeOf

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATIONMR.ANAND MOHAN

Submitted to The Director

Amity Global Business School PuneAffiliated With

AMITY UNIVERSITY,NOIDA

CERTIFICATE

STUDY OF PARTICIPATORY BUDGETING FOR JANWANI

Is bonafide work done by

SHREY CHANDRA

A31501913039

FOR THE AWARD DEGREE OF

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMISTRATION

------------------------------- ----------------------------

Dr. (Col) S.V. Sharma Prof. Anand Mohan

Director AGBS – PUNE Faculty

guide

Submitted for the viva-voce examination held on

(Signature of internal (signature of external

Examiner with date) examiner with date)

Declaration

I hereby declare that the project work entitled ‘’PARTICIPATORY BUDGETING FOR JANWANI” submitted to the Amity Global Business School Pune is the record of an original work done by me under the guidance of Prof. Anand Mohan. This project work is submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Master of Business Administration in Marketing and Finance Management.

Date Place: Pune

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

“It is not possible to prepare a project report without the assistance & encouragement of other people. This one is certainly no exception.”

On the very outset of this report, I would like to extend my sincere & heartfelt obligation towards all the personages who have helped me in this endeavor.

Without their active guidance, help, cooperation & encouragement, I would not have made headway in the project.

I am ineffably indebted to Miss Pooja Shetty for conscientious guidance and encouragement to accomplish this assignment.

I am extremely thankful and pay my gratitude to my faculty Mr Anand Mohan for his valuable guidance and support on completion of this project in its presently.

I extend my gratitude to Amity Global Business School, Pune for giving me this opportunity. I also acknowledge with a deep sense of reverence, my gratitude towards my parents and member of my family, who has always supported me morally as well as economically.

At last but not least gratitude goes to all of my friends who directly or indirectly helped me to complete this project report.

Content of table

SR.NO PARTICULARS PAGES NO

1 ABSTRACT 6

2 COMPANY PROFILE 7

3 RESEARCH THEME 13

4 RESEARCH TOPIC 15

5 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE 22

6 LITERATURE REVIEW 23

7 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 27

8 DATA COLLECTION 30

9 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 32

10 FINDINGS 59

11 LIMITATIONS 59

12 SUGGESTIONS 60

13 CONCLUSION 61

14 REFERENCES 64

15 ANNEXURE 65

Abstract

Pune has experimented with a form of Participatory Budgeting since 2006, when it was first introduced formally by the Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC). Citizens’ organizations have played an important role in initiating and shaping it. A study was done in early 2013 by CEE as a critical reflection of the experience of participatory budgeting in Pune. The study reveals a few strengths as well as a number of weaknesses and opportunities. Some of the major achievements have been the simplicity of the process for citizens, that it has been take place regularly every year, a substantial quantum of funds has been allocated and there is some response to suggestions from the poor. Some of the major areas of improvement are in outreach, transparency of process, institutionalizing the processes in slum localities, institutionalizing the role of the corporate, enhanced practice and experimentation with public deliberation processes, and year-round engagement. The study shows that there appears to be interest among both citizens groups and political parties to improve the PB process for varied reasons, and both would likely be important actions in the further evolution of PB in Pune.

Company Profile

About MCCIA:

MCCIA has been playing a significant role in accelerating the industrial and economic development of Pune region for more than seven decades now. It is one of the most active chambers of Commerce in India and has been instrumental in promoting number of institutions in Pune . MCCIA has continuously driven to make Pune a global business destination and has been catalyst for economic development of the region.

Functioning of the Chamber

The Chamber renders services to the industry through its 30 committees consisting of reputed experts, professionals and entrepreneurs through strategic planning, sending memorandum to Government on policies and regulations and organizing educative events and symposiums for members.

History

Mahratta Chamber of Commerce and Industries (MCCI) was founded by Late Mr A. R. Bhat in 1934 to accelerate the industrial growth in and around Pune. Mr Bhat was a journalist and an economist and was the General Manager of the famous Marathi newspaper 'Kesari'. Thus the first office of the MCCI was established in 'Kesari' premises.

In 1947 the Chamber moved to their own premises on Tilak Road, Pune. In 1998 agricultural activities were also included in the scope of the Chamber's activities and MCCI became MCCIA. In July 2006 most of the offices shifted to the modern office at the MCCIA trade Tower on Senapati Bapat Road, Pune.

MCCIA Mission

1.Develop the Pune Region into a world class centre by improving its physical and social infrastructure.

2. Promote Information Technology, Biotechnology as focal industries by leveraging the existing educational, industrial and agricultural resources in Maharashtra.

3. Be an effective voice of Trade, Commerce, Industry and Agriculture by :

• Recommending appropriate policy guidelines to the concerned authorities • Forging a common platform with affiliated bodies with a view to project a unified voice

for all Associations active in Commerce, Industry & Agriculture • Providing a platform for Networking and Knowledge sharing especially to enhance the abilities of the members to forge ahead in the Competitive World. • Increasing our Membership • Recognizing the Services of Individuals and Organization for their outstanding contribution to Social

About Janwani:

Pune is one of the fastest growing cities in Maharashtra. Once known as the ‘Oxford of

the East’ the city has transformed to an ideal investment destination with automobile, IT,

pharmaceutical industries setting up plants here. Rapid urbanization has led to the growth

of the city in all directions.

Janwani meaning Voice of the people is a social initiative of MCCIA – Pune. It was

formed in 2006. The objective was to advocate and promote equitable and sustainable

development in the city. Simply put, to address the issues of growth and make Pune a

better place to live and work. We work towards the comprehensive development of the

city by identifying gaps and priority areas in the development process and providing well

researched and implementable solutions.

To work towards this goal we work in tandem with various organizations in the city. The

community based approach has helped us achieve success in areas like Waste

management, traffic management, participatory budgeting and organizing heritage walks

in the city.

Projects:

City Structure Environment Governance Heritage

Traffic & Transportation

City Structure

The impact of Urbanization is seen in the city in the form of extension of road networks,

expansion of fringe areas, clusters of large scale housing, sporadic mega developments

like huge commercial complexes, I.T Parks, auto-hub, sports stadium etc. The City today

demands a structured growth addressing all the issues related to urbanization such as

disintegration of old core areas of the city, traffic congestion, lack of comprehensive

public transport system, lack of green spaces, public areas and parks, affordable housing,

insufficient and inadequate infrastructure, growth in slums etc.

Guidelines are being developed to upgrade existing techniques, bring reforms and frame

new policies in regulating development to make Pune a a ‘Livable’ city with sustainable

neighborhoods.

Energy

The correlation between strong energy infrastructure and a prosperous, healthy society is

well-established. Over more than 20 years, studies have demonstrated that energy or

electricity consumption rates correlate with quality-of-life metrics such as life

expectancy, lowered infant mortality, and literacy rate, in much the same way as other

development metrics such as GDP and HDI. Given the importance of energy to quality

and security of life, it is indeed a grave situation that the energy demand in India –

including in Maharashtra and in Pune – has been rapidly outpacing supply, and this

energy deficit is only projected to widen in the coming years. Rising fuel prices will not

help the situation. This is already being reflected in rising energy prices.

At the same time, Pune (and, more generally, India) is both highly vulnerable to and an

increasingly important contributor to climate change. The effects of climate change on

urban infrastructure and urban life are widely discussed and, in general, extremely

worrying.

In this context, Janwani is working to establish models of energy generation and

distribution that would provide affordable, dependable, low-carbon energy to citizens.

Janwani pursues models such as community solar, which aim to promote distributed

generation of renewable energy. In the process, they also remove the image of the power

sector as a heavyweight, centralized monolith. Through such models, Janwani aims to

make community members stakeholders, setting the scene for collective, participatory

stewardship of our city’s energy future.

Environment

Global development process has been urban centric. Although the merits of eco-friendly

urban development are well known and widely propagated, they are seldom translated

into action as part of the actual development process.

The debate of environment versus urban development is a never ending one. However, in

recent times the emphasis has been on adopting lifestyles that will enable us to not only

achieve our development dreams but also reduce the stress on the environment. Some of

the pressing environmental issues have been

Lack of availability of natural resources

Pollution of natural resources like water, air

In Indian context these issues are interwoven and incredibly complex making it difficult

to find the right balance between long term objectives and short term profits.

Janwani believes that through research and analysis we can find innovative solutions to

solve these problems. Strengthening of implementation mechanisms will assist in solving

many of the environmental issues the city of Pune faces.

We have identified solid waste management as one of the key areas for work in the city

of Pune. Our goal is to work towards solutions by adopting a collaborative and collective

approach. By bringing together multiple stakeholders on a common platform and by

ensuring public – private partnership, Janwani will ensure sustainability of the projects

undertaken.

Governance

The idea of governance is central to the experience of living in a society. Our

surroundings which include natural and man-made factors affect our wellbeing and

impact our lives. Good governance is about continuous management of these elements in

our surrounding to offer good quality of life for all. Layman often associates issues of

governance with politicians and bureaucrats only and individual responsibility of citizens

is often not taken into consideration. However, the polity is shifting from representative

democracy to a participative democracy. This shift means greater opportunities for the

common man to participate in matters concerning individual and society at large.

In the urban areas the immediate surroundings of a person is the city, therefore good

governance would mean better administration of the city through people’s participation.

Janwani approaches governance issues in a holistic manner adopting bottom-up

approach. We believe that people’s participation in governing cities is of utmost

importance as they are the ultimate beneficiaries of the development process. However,

for people to participate in a meaningful way they have to be well-informed and

knowledgeable about the processes involved in governance. Thus information generation,

dissemination and simplification are central to our approach. Simultaneously different

stakeholders should come together on common platform for sharing of ideas and

mobilization of available resources. When general public is organized and empowered to

engage in governing their city they act as a pressure group for policy changes.

Heritage

Heritage is integral to urban development. Pune’s urban growth could easily be attributed

to the legacy inherited by the region in the form of natural and cultural heritage. Pune has

a rich and culturally diverse intangible heritage extending over two thousand years. Its

legacy includes the rich and diverse flora and fauna as well as man-made structures such

as forts, caves, temples, churches, wadas and buildings.

Pune has contributed to the growth of Marathi literature, folk traditions, Hindustani

classical music, cinema, theatre, crafts etc. The city has also had unique contributions to

the freedom struggle movement of India through the women’s emancipation movement,

social reforms and up-liftment of the disenfranchised, educational reforms, political and

defense studies etc. Historically, Pune has been the seat of spiritual growth during the

Bhakti movement and intellectual and creative expansion in the due course. It is this

intangible legacy that provides people of Pune their sense of belongingness to the region,

a peculiar character of the city and identity as a Punekar.

Pune has been the “Cultural Capital” of Maharashtra, however with urbanization heritage

promotion, conservation and preservation has taken a backseat. For a person to be proud

of one’s city he should be aware of its history and heritage. We, at Janwani, are proud

Punekars. Our aim is to make every Punekar aware of our rich legacy and thereby instill a

sense of pride.

Traffic & Transportation

Today, economic growth of any country is determined by its urban growth and

sustainability. Of crucial importance to urban growth and development is the issue of

commutability and mobility in the cities. In the past, people across the world had tried to

provide mobility by making movement of personal vehicles easier either by building

more roads or by widening existing ones. Technological advancement helped build

flyovers only to find that this in turn brings more personal vehicles on roads and makes

the problem even worse!

Over the last 20-25 years or so, many cities have realized that the problem can be

addressed only by providing mobility to people, not vehicles. This can be done by

By sharing the urban land for transportation on a per-person basis.

Making it difficult for people to use more land than their due share.

In other words encouraging walking, public transportation and cycling rather than use of

personal vehicles – two wheelers and cars.

In India too, the National Urban Transportation Policy (NUTP), issued by the Ministry of

Urban Development, Government of India, echoes this very line of thinking. Pune has

developed its own Comprehensive Mobility Plan (CMP) based on NUTP.

Janwani believes that adopting the principals put forth in NUTP will substantially

improve Pune’s traffic situation. Janwani intends to trigger and facilitate this process not

only by creating a healthy dialogue between experts, policy makers, implementing

authorities, civil society representatives and citizen groups, but also by orchestrating

projects that will encourage Walking, Bus (public transport) and Cycling – after all, these

WBC are the White Blood Cells needed for a healthy urban transport.

Research Theme

An estimation of the revenue and expenses over a specified future period of time. A budget can be made for a person, family, group of people, business, government, country, multinational organization or just about anything else that makes and spends money. A budget is a microeconomic concept that shows the tradeoff made when one good is exchanged for another.

A surplus budget means profits are anticipated, while a balanced budget means that revenues are expected to equal expenses. A deficit budget means expenses will exceed revenues. Budgets are usually compiled and re-evaluated on a periodic basis. Adjustments are made to budgets based on the goals of the budgeting organization. In some cases, budget makers are happy to operate at a deficit, while in other cases, operating at a deficit is seen as financially irresponsible.

Type:

General Budget Citizen Budget Participatory Budget

Purpose:

Budget helps to aid the planning of actual operations by forcing managers to consider how the conditions might change and what steps should be taken now and by encouraging managers to consider problems before they arise. It also helps co-ordinate the activities of the organization by compelling managers to examine relationships between their own operation and those of other departments. Other essentials of budget include:

To control resources To communicate plans to various responsibility center managers. To motivate managers to strive to achieve budget goals. To evaluate the performance of managers To provide visibility into the company's performance For accountability

In summary, the purpose of budgeting is tools:

1. Tools provide a forecast of revenues and expenditures, that is, construct a model of how a business might perform financially if certain strategies, events and plans are carried out.

2. Tools enable the actual financial operation of the business to be measured against the forecast.

3. Lastly, tools establish the cost constraint for a project, program, or operation.

Process of Budget Preparation:

It is the final Authority and

finalises the budget. The Standing

Committee approves the budget before

the month of March every year, under

normal circumstances.

Standing Committee

The Commissioner receives the Budget

from every department of PMC.

After making modifications , it goes

to the Standing Committee. The

Budget approved by the Standing Committee,

consisting of 12 members, is final.

Commissioner

The various departments of PMC

are managed by department heads

who receive the ward level Budget. They compile the ward

level budget and the main budget and

send it to the Commissioner

Departments of PMC

There are six departments at Ward

level and each has Engineers. The

Engineers of the respective

departments give their Budget to the

Ward Officer. The data complited by the ward officer is sent to

the Head Office

Ward Level

Research Topic

Participatory budgeting (PB) is a process of democratic deliberation and decision-making, and a type of participatory democracy, in which ordinary people decide how to allocate part of a municipal or public budget. Participatory budgeting allows citizens to identify, discuss, and prioritize public spending projects, and gives them the power to make real decisions about how money is spent. When PB is taken seriously and is based on mutual trust local governments and citizen can benefit equally. In some cases PB even raised people's willingness to pay taxes.

Participatory Budgeting programmes are innovative governance processes. They can provide citizens with the opportunity to give their inputs in resource allocation and to monitor public spending. Social and political exclusion can be better addressed as low income and traditionally excluded citizens or groups get the opportunity to participate in decision-making.

The basic pattern of participatory budget processes is that community groups identify spending priorities and submit these to their local civic offices / representatives who transform community priorities into concrete project proposals; facilitators provide technical assistance in project proposal development; once local lists of projects are ready, citizens prioritize these and the public authority then implements the projects.

In Pune, the municipal corporation initiated participatory budgeting in 2005. Meetings of citizens and civic officials were organized through local agencies such as the National Society for Clean Cities and Nagrik Chetna Manch. A few hundred citizens participated and submitted requests for projects. The experience helped lay a base for citizen engagement in ward level budget processes of the municipality. In 2006-07, a more detailed and formalized process was followed, with facilitation support provided by Janwani and CEE.

Citizen’s Budget, also called as participatory budget, is a democratic process in which the citizens directly decide on how to spend a part of the public budget. Pune is the only city with a fully functional participatory budget since 2006. Currently under participatory budgeting in Pune, each prabhag (comprising of two electoral wards) is allocated a budget of 50 lakhs with the maximum limit of a single project not exceeding Rs. 5 lakhs.

In Pune, the municipal corporation initiated participatory budgeting in 2005. Meetings of citizens and civic officials were organized through local agencies such as the National Society for Clean Cities and Nagrik Chetna Manch. A few hundred citizens participated and submitted requests for projects. The experience helped lay a base for citizen engagement in ward level budget processes of the municipality. In 2006-07, a more

detailed and formalized process was followed, with facilitation support provided by Janwani.

Citizen engagement in the slums was done through the Urban Community Development Dept (UCD) and the Community Development Society (CDS) structure promoted under the Urban Self Employment and Wage Employment schemes. Community volunteers were trained to conduct the budgeting meetings with members of the self-help groups and neighborhood groups.

For citizen engagement through the ward offices, Janwani worked out a more elaborate process. This was needed as there is no outreach mechanism parallel to the CDS structure. Fourteen students from the Economics Dept of University of Pune were selected and trained as facilitators. For CEE, this was part of its work as the Sector of the United Nations University Institute of Advanced Studies Regional Centre of Expertise on Sustainable Urban Development.

The main tasks for citizens were to survey and identify works for their neighborhoods, submit these in the specified format and to attend a prioritization meeting. At the prioritization meetings, citizens were grouped by electoral ward and they sorted through the lists of requests to arrive at the final lists within the allocated ward budget.

Purpose

The objectives of participatory budgeting are:

To ensure that the finances of the local government are properly accounted for and thus decrease the potential for abuse by individuals both within and outside the system.

To involve the community, including the lower-income neighbourhoods of the city, in the priority-setting and budgeting process.

To enhance local democratic culture, nurture civic engagement, and stimulate the development of social capital.

About Pune

Pune, located close to Mumbai in western India, has a population of about 3.2 million and ranks as the ninth largest city in India, by population (Registrar General and Census Commissioner, 2011).

The city government is the Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC). The government, elected for five years in normal circumstances, has 152 elected representatives who form the PMC General Body, elected from 76

prabhags or electoral units. Each prabhag has a population of about 42000, and 2 elected representatives. There are 15 administrative wards. Each administrative ward caters to about 5 prabhags.

Wards Committees are the decision-making bodies at the Administrative Ward level, comprising elected representatives of all prabhags associated with the administrative ward. Each Wards Committee prepares the budget for its administrative ward and forwards it to the Municipal Commissioner and the PMC Accounts Dept who incorporate these into the budget for the whole city.

Organization Structure of the Pune Municipal Corporation

Process at each ward

A) Inviting citizens to participate in PB

The Janwani and CEE facilitators phoned and met citizens to help them understand the process, and be at hand to help clarify doubts, arrange meetings, survey neighbourhoods, provide information etc. Apart from the press coverage, the main tool to inform citizens about the process and invite them to the zonal and ward meetings was phone calls. The author was involved in preparation of the ‘phone call’ lists as well as in actual contact and conduct of a few meetings. The ‘phone call’ list included housing society contact persons registered with the PMC, citizens groups of various types (senior citizens, Lions and Rotary Clubs, Laughter Clubs13, etc) by CEE and Janwani set up a calling desk to inform them about the PB process. Information about the PB process was also sent out through Pune related e-groups including of software professionals, those interested in environment and ecology, urban transportation, Pune development planning etc. Several organizations were contacted including mohalla committees, Waste-pickers Association, National Society for Clean Cities, Lions Clubs, Rotary Clubs, Chairperson/ Secretary of residential societies, senior citizens organizations, Area Representative of Nanasaheb Parulekar Trust, Nagrik Chetna Manch, Grahak Panchayat, etc. These groups organized meetings in their areas to identity project works, submission of forms etc.

B) Processing of forms received from citizens

The steps for processing of forms received by the PMC included: 1. Screening and classification as per electoral ward

2. Assessment of suggestions for their suitability as projects and classification as ‘budgetable’ and ‘non-budgetable’

3. Whether budgeted last year

4. If the information was unclear, clarifications were sought on phone from the citizens The facilitators visited the PMC ward offices to monitor whether the process was being carried out in this manner and to help trouble shoot where needed.

C) Compilation and data entry

Each work/ suggestion was entered into an excel database and data entry was done using the following codes: 1. Budgeted – B 2. Suggestions- S 3. Duplicated – D 4. Incomplete – I 5. Complete – C 6. Original – O The PMC requested and received assistance from Janwani for this additional data entry work.

D) Costing of project ideas

After the compilation of all project ideas or suggestions, every ward office prepared a rough costing of all suggested works and produced a list of requested works for each electoral ward. The volunteers were explained about costing of projects and why it is necessary to do it. After the compilation of all project ideas or suggestions every ward office prepared a complete rough costing of all suggested work.

E) Prioritization meetings/ Consolidation meetings at Ward Level

2006-07 was the only year when prioritization meetings were held in an organized manner. In the week of 10 March 2007, public meetings were held at each of the 14 Administrative Ward Offices, by inviting all the citizens who had submitted works. The meetings were chaired by the Ward Officers. They provided an overview of the compiled list of the projects. At these prioritization meetings, citizens were grouped by electoral ward. The list of works for each electoral ward was given to the group of citizens from that ward, with the request that they review the list, and prioritize the works in case the total of the suggested works is more than the allocated amount of INR 2 million. The Ward Officers also provided information on works that would be taken up in the general ward or main municipal budget, so that these could be deleted from the list prepared by the citizens. Each citizens group as per electoral ward finalized and submitted their list of prioritized works to the Ward Officer for inclusion in the PMC budget. F) Incorporation of Citizens’ Suggestions in Municipal Budget of 2007-08

The municipal elections were held in January 2007. The newly elected body took into consideration the Participatory Budget process and incorporated the full list of suggestions that had come through the administrative ward process. However, the suggestions received from the slum areas through the Urban Community Development Dept process were not incorporated straight away. A delegation of women from various SHGs went and appealed to a senior member of the Nationalist Congress Party, which in 2007 was the majority party in the newly elected local government. It was only after this appeal to his benefaction that the budget suggestions from the slum communities were incorporated into the PMC budget of 2007-08.

Sequence of activities was as follows:

Preparatory Meeting at PMC — Head of the PMC Citizen Facilitation Centre, Zonal Commissioners, Ward Officers and Junior Engineers

↓

Publicity through the press, e–groups, phone calls to citizens groups and housing society representatives

↓

Citizens’ Meetings at 4 Zonal Offices to explain process and timelines

↓

Classification and Costing of Works at Ward Offices and preparation of electoral ward–wise lists

↓

Prioritization Meetings

↓

Finalized lists of Citizens Works

Implementation around the world:

Since its emergence in Porto Alegre, participatory budgeting has spread to hundreds of Latin American cities, and dozens of cities in Europe, Asia, Africa, and North America. More than 1500 municipalities are estimated to have initiated participatory budgeting. In some cities, participatory budgeting has been applied for school, university, and public housing budgets. These international approaches differ significantly, and they are shaped as much by their local contexts as by the Porto Alegre model.

The Dominican Republic has implemented participatory budgeting in all local governments, and a number of towns and cities in France, Italy, Germany, and Spain have also initiated participatory budgeting processes. In Canada, participatory budgeting has been implemented with public housing, neighborhood groups, and a public schools, in the cities of Toronto, Guelph, Hamilton, and West Vancouver. In India, a village called Hiware Bazar has served as an epitome of the process. The village being highly deplete with water, education and basic needs for life at one point, is now self-sufficient with a high per capita income. Arvind Kejriwal, the national conveyor of Aam Aadmi Party is trying to introduce the concept of participatory budgeting (swaraj) in the whole country. Similar budget processes have been used in communities in Africa. In France, the Region Poitou-Charentes has launched an experience of participatory budgeting in its secondary schools. The first recorded Participatory Budgeting process in the United States of America is in Chicago, Illinois. Led by the ward's Alderman, Joe Moore, Chicago's 49th Ward is undertaking this process with the Alderman's "Menu Money." Menu Money is a yearly budgeted amount each of Chicago's 50 wards receives for use on capital expenses. This money in other wards is typically allocated at the complete discretion of a ward's Alderman. Since 2011 more examples have been occurring in the US, in the city of New York, and now in Vallejo, California.

Criticism

Reviewing the experience in Brazil and Porto Alegre a World Bank paper points out that lack of representation of extremely poor people in participatory budgeting can be a shortcoming. Participation of the very poor and of the young is highlighted as a challenge. Participatory budgeting may also struggle to overcome existing clientelism. Other observations include that particular groups are less likely to participate once their demands have been met and that slow progress of public works can frustrate participants.

Research Objective & Scope

Participation is about use of a limited budget.

It is repeated over the years.

There is political acceptance about the process.

The process is proactive and invites/ facilitates participation.

Disadvantaged persons are able to easily participate.

Adequate information is available to citizens at various stages of the PB process, such as when the process gets underway, information about the wards including maps, lists of projects already underway, and what is already being planned.

Public deliberation is part of the process.

Public deliberations are easily accessible, fair and facilitate public decision-making on the budget or at least the priorities.

The results at various stages of the process are known/ transparent (what has been submitted; what’s being taken on board; reasons why suggestions are accepted or not accepted).

Projects suggested and agreed upon in public deliberations are actually included in the city’s budget.

Literature Review

The World Bank authored the statement 'great administration' in 1992 and implanted it in a talk of political responsibility that stressed proficiency and viability in how nations, states and urban communities are represented. From that point forward, various analysts have concentrated on what constitutes great legislation, and a standout amongst the most vital ideas that have risen up out of these studies is the criticalness of a mindful and captivated citizenry. Urban engagement is a standout amongst the most imperative inhabitants of great influence.

The two nations that at first presented metro engagement currently influence were Brazil and Ghana. Ghana presented the idea of urban engagement in its constitution and executed it through its council; though Brazil utilized its advancing social and political qualities to install a society of community engagement.

Participatory Budgeting in Porte Alegre was a piece of different inventive, reformist projects attempted by the neighborhood organization to diminish financial imbalances in Brazilian culture. The facts demonstrate that the nearby administration of Porto Alegre uses about $ 200 million for every year on development and administrations through its yearly participatory planning activity. Around 50,000 occupants of the city out of 1.5 million aggregate populace participate at the present time participatory planning, which is for sure, an indication of exceptional achievement.

PROCESS OF PARTICIPATORY BUDGETING IN NEW YORK CITY:

Through participatory budgeting, residents of eight Council Districts in New York City

directly decide how to spend at least $10 million of public money on civic amenities and

services. From September 2012 to April 2013, community members exchange ideas,

work together to turn those ideas into project proposals, and vote to decide which

proposals should get funded.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK:

Indian Experience:

It has been in excess of 24 years since the idea of Participatory Planning initially began however its bid in India has been restricted. Just a couple of urban communities in India to be specific Bangalore, Mysore and Pune have tried different things with participatory planning. In 2001, Bangalore turned into the first city in India to execute participatory planning because of deliberations by a neighborhood NGO, Janaagraha. The battle brought about natives' financial plan necessities being sanction in excess of 20% of the city's wards however as time passed, the idea lost its ground in the city. In 2006, Pune actualized Participatory Planning without precedent for the city and pulled in an enormous reaction from the natives and also the city-based Ngos –janwani, NSCC, CEE, Nagrik Chetna Manch amongst others.

The 74th Protected Correction and particularly the Model Nagar Raj Bill coordinates state governments and urban nearby bodies to structure ward panels, embodying subjects of the area and setting up the ward-level plan in interview with them. However these activities have not been actualized, with the come about that are were few channels for residents to take an interest in neighborhood administration.

There has been a great deal of excitement amongst the common society associations yet the most fundamental prerequisite for fruitful usage of Participatory Planning is the political will that is needing in India. Pune has made some positive strides towards this course and it has picked up its expected consideration inside the managerial and official rings however broadly; Participatory Planning remains an outsider idea to generally urban area.

Pune’s experiences with Participatory Budgeting:

Nitin Kareer, the then magistrate of Pune Civil Company. Right now under participatory planning in Pune, every prabhag (embodying two constituent wards) is assigned a financial plan of 50 lacs with the most extreme point of confinement of a solitary extend

http://developmentcentral.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/pb-in-nyc.jpg

not surpassing Rs. Every prabhag can execute any number of tasks yet the aggregate sum can't surpass Rs. 50 lacs and expense of each of the undertaking can't surpass Rs.

Despite the fact that New York City apportions a much lesser offer of its funding towards participatory planning, the extent of support by the residents is much higher than Pune and information administration on the procedure and results is excellent.

While the starting years saw a great deal of eagerness among nationals, the investment chart has been declining since the recent years. Participatory planning for the year 2012-13 in Pune saw just 600 recommendations from the nationals, for a city with a populace of in excess of 3.5 million individuals. With the reason for captivating residents in the participatory planning methodology for 2013-14, Janwani, the social wing of Mahratta Council of Trade, Commercial ventures & Farming, took the activity to advertise and encourage the procedure with the backing and direction of Pune Civil Company.

While the starting years saw a considerable measure of energy among residents, the investment chart has been declining since the recent years. Participatory planning for the year 2012-13 in Pune saw just 600 proposals from the residents, for a city with a populace of in excess of 3.5 million individuals. With the motivation behind captivating subjects in the participatory planning methodology for 2013-14, Janwani, the social wing of Mahratta Council of Trade, Businesses & Farming, took the activity to push and encourage the procedure with the backing and direction of Pune City Organization.

PROCESS OF PARTICIPATORY BUDGETING IN PUNE:

While the starting years saw a great deal of energy among natives, the investment

diagram has been declining since the recent years. Participatory planning for the year

2012-13 in Pune saw just 600 recommendations from the nationals, for a city with a

populace of in excess of 3.5 million individuals. With the reason for captivating natives

in the participatory planning procedure for 2013-14, Janwani, the social wing of Mahratta

Council of Trade, Businesses & Agribusiness, took the activity to advertise and

encourage the methodology with the backing and direction of Pune City Organization.

Janwani led 20 preparation workshops on participatory planning for different stakeholder

bunches at 18 separate areas in the city coating in excess of 1,000 inhabitants of the city.

In excess of 335 proposals were gotten by means of these online applications. A

preparation unit on participatory planning was arranged by Janwani in relationship with

Habitat for Environment Training and Mrs. Nilima Kirane. The preparation pack was sent

to all the ward officers, senior residents' associations, SHG pioneers and partaking Ngo’s.

CURRENT SCENARIO:

Post-Janwani's mediation, the participatory planning activity saw an expanded interest of the natives of Pune, as demonstrated by the jump in the receipt of recommendations from an unimportant 600 in 2012-2013 to an empowering 3300 in the not so distant future. Pune City Company (PMC) Chief's funding demonstrated a noteworthy increment towards participatory plan portion, from 26.24 crores in 2012-2013 to 36.9 crores in 2013-2014, an increment of an incredible 10.66 crores inside a compass of one year. The six real things of use are towards streets, power, structures, slum-change, water supply and waste. Assignments towards each of these parts, without exemption, have expanded from the past year.

With an increment in assignment of trusts, individuals have much to anticipate as far as quality foundation and different offices in the nearing year. We are working with the understudies and teachers of Advantageous interaction School of Money making concerns on ward-wise investigation of participatory planning in Pune and setting up a preparation manual on participatory planning that can utilized by urban nearby bodies crosswise over India to push and encourage participatory planning.

SPILL-OVER EFFECTS AND WAY AHEAD:

Janwani would be advertising and encouraging the procedure for Pimpri-Chinchwad Civil Partnership by joining forces with different corporate organizations, common society associations, self improvement gatherings, natives' gatherings and schools to guarantee greatest investment of nationals simultaneously.

With the proposed preparing manual on participatory planning, Janwani goes for contacting the greater part of the Ulbs crosswise over India; particularly Maharashtra and guarantee community engagement in city-level administration that prompts transparency and responsibility of urban nearby bodies.

Research Methodology

INTRODUCTION

Marketing research is one of the best instruments to identify customer consumer

market & marketing strength & weakness as well as our product performance awareness

etc.

Definition

“Research is careful inquiry or examination to discover new information and

relationship and to expand and to very existing knowledge”

Research always stat with question or any problem and find answer of problem by

using scientific method. It gives complete knowledge about any problem or question.

RESEARCH DESIGN

“Research design is the plan structure and strategy if investigation conceived so as

obtain answers to research question and to control variance”

By KERLINGER

In the research study there is no any perfect study for solve the problem. The

research design broad three category are as follow.

A. Exploratory Research

B. Descriptive Research

C. Causal Research

A. Exploratory Research

In this method not any specific technique for study the problem. In this method

mostly used secondary data which are available easily this research. The researcher

changes their direction depending on the available idea and variable.

B. Descriptive Research

This study is complex and determined high degree scientific skill for study the

problem.

C. Causal Research

This research helps to determined cause and effect relation between two variables.

The present study on personal accident insurance for working people in

India is specified clearly so this makes the study descriptive one.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

Research instrument means that the researcher do the research on any topic by

easily. In recent most popular instruments “Questionnaire” for investigation of problem

by the Questionnaire response. We are give any suggestion or finding on that problem

Mainly three types Question are including in our Questionnaire.

A. Open ended Questions

In this type question customer are totally get freedom for given the answer of

question.

B. Dichotomous

In this type questionnaires customer have only two choice like ‘yes’ or ‘no’ in this

question any customer are not confuse any way.

C. Multiple choice questions

In this type of question customer or respondent is offered two or more choice.

In my project I use all above two types of question in the questionnaire and getting

information about the project.

Data Collection

Data collection is the process of gathering and measuring information on variables of interest, in an established systematic fashion that enables one to answer stated research questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes. The data collection component of research is common to all fields of study including physical and social sciences, humanities, business, etc. While methods vary by discipline, the emphasis on ensuring accurate and honest collection remains the same. The goal for all data collection is to capture quality evidence that then translates to rich data analysis and allows the building of a convincing and credible answer to questions that have been posed.

Regardless of the field of study or preference for defining data (quantitative, qualitative),

accurate data collection is essential to maintaining the integrity of research. Both the

selection of appropriate data collection instruments (existing, modified, or newly

developed) and clearly delineated instructions for their correct use reduce

the likelihood of errors occurring.

A formal data collection process is necessary as it ensures that data gathered are both

defined and accurate and that subsequent decisions based on arguments embodied in the

findings are valid. The process provides both a baseline from which to measure and in

certain cases a target on what to improve.

Consequences from improperly collected data include:

Inability to answer research questions accurately.

Inability to repeat and validate the study.

Distorted findings result in wasted resources and can mislead other researchers to pursue

fruitless avenues of investigation. This compromises decisions for public policy, and

causes harm to human participants and animal subjects.

While the degree of impact from faulty data collection may vary by discipline and the

nature of investigation, there is the potential to cause disproportionate harm when these

research results are used to support public policy recommendations.

DATA COLLECTION METHOD

The sources of data collection method are as follows.

A. Primary Data

B. Secondary Data

A. Primary Data

Primary data means which are collect first time by any researcher for itself use

some different method in the primary data are

a). observation method

b). experimental method

c). questionnaire method

B. Secondary Data

Secondary data means which that are collect any one for his purpose and that are

use other person for their purpose.

I am also use the secondary data for the study from the data taken by janwani and

Pune Municipal Corporation. Secondary data is insufficient irrelevant with compared to

primary data.

Data Analysis and Interpretation

Analysis of data is a process of inspecting, cleaning, transforming, and

modeling data with the goal of discovering useful information, suggesting conclusions,

and supporting decision making. Data analysis has multiple facets and approaches,

encompassing diverse techniques under a variety of names, in different business, science,

and social science domains.

Data mining is a particular data analysis technique that focuses on modeling and

knowledge discovery for predictive rather than purely descriptive purposes. Business

intelligence covers data analysis that relies heavily on aggregation, focusing on business

information. In statistical applications, some people divide data analysis into descriptive

statistics, exploratory data analysis(EDA), and confirmatory data analysis (CDA). EDA

focuses on discovering new features in the data and CDA on confirming or falsifying

existing hypotheses. Predictive focuses on application of statistical or structural models

for predictive forecasting or classification, while text analytics applies statistical,

linguistic, and structural techniques to extract and classify information from textual

sources, a species of unstructured data. All are varieties of data analysis.

Data integration is a precursor to data analysis, and data analysis is closely linked to data

visualization and data dissemination. The term data analysis is sometimes used as a

synonym for data modeling.

I am using secondary data for the research work. I collected the data from Janwani and

Pune Municipal Corporation. Data is for two year i.e. 2013-14 and 2014-15, I will be

doing Comparative Analysis for the data. The data is given as follows:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_modeling

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_visualization

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_visualization

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_integration

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unstructured_data

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_analytics

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confirmatory_data_analysis

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploratory_data_analysis

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descriptive_statistics

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descriptive_statistics

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_intelligence

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_intelligence

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_mining

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data

Non planned citizens budget means expenditure of the government is normally

associated with productive expenditure, which helps increase the productive

capacity of the economy.

At the Municipal Level, the plan expenditures are estimated after discussions between

various departments and the Municipal Commissioner. These expenditures are then

approved by the Standing Committee.

Plan citizens budget means expenditure includes expenses on heads such as

interest payment on government debt, subsidies, defence, pensions and other

establishment costs of the government.

A large part of this is obligatory in nature.

Non-plan Participatory Budget:

Participatory Budgeting Allocation for 2013-14 (Non Planned)

Road

Electricity

Buildings

Slum Improvements

Water supply

Drainage

To tal

Sr.No

No. of Wards

Electoral ward

1 5 Aundh 118

29 59 29 0 15 250

2 6 Ghole Road 91 65 28 25 0 30 239

3 5 Kothrud 10 23 0 15 5 10 63

4 5 Warje Karvenagar

34 5 2 10 0 9 60

5 5 Dhole Patil Road

33.5

30 30 46 14 18.5 172

6 6 Nagar road 50 40 45 55 0 30 220

7 5 Sangamwadi 24 3 20 5 4 0 56

8 4 Hadapsar 32 34 7 10 0 15 98

9 6 Bhavanipeth 78 16 38 81 20 67 300

10 6 Kasba- Vishrambagwada

133

62 9 16 20 60 300

11 5 Tilak road 95.5

29.5 47 20 17 41 250

12 4 Bibvewadi 62 18 0 15 0 33 128

13 4 Sahkarnagar 57 28 10 33 0 72 200

14 5 Dhankawadi 85 19 2 0 3 32 141

14 5 Kondhwa Wanaori

96 50 27 43 8 26 250

76 999

451.5 324 403 91 458.5 2727

* Amount in Lacs

The Pune Municipal Corporation is the local government for the city of Pune.

The municipal government is elected for a period of five years under normal

circumstances. The 152 representatives, who are elected from 76

prabhags/electoral units of Pune, form the General Body of PMC. Each of the

76 prabhags belongs to one of the 15 administrative wards with each ward

catering to about 5 prabhags.

The above table data of 2013-14 states the name of wards and the expenditure

allocated on 6 different areas like road, electricity, building, slum improvement,

water supply and drainage. And it’s a Non-plan Citizens Budget.

Electo

ral w

ard

Ghole Road

Warj

e Karv

enag

ar

Nagar

road

Hadap

sar

Kasba-

Vishram

bagwad

a

Bibvewad

i

Dhanka

wadi

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

RoadElectricityBuildingsSlum ImprovementsWater supplyDrainage

This graph shows the allocation of amount spend on 6 area at different wards.

Participatory Budgeting Allocation for 2014-15 (Non Planned)

Road

Electricity

Buildings

Slum Improvements

Water supply

Drainage

Total

Sr.No

No. of Prabhags

Administrative ward

1 5 Aundh 54 22 52 5 15 148

2 5 Kothrud 15 10 15 15 55

3 6 Ghole Road 50 85 65 45 20 35 300


35 24 26 15 30 130


60 55 40 68 5 22 250

6 6 Nagar road 112

20 52 71 10 35 300

7 5 Sangamwadi 35 25 10 10 10 90

8 6 Bhavanipeth 90 14 40 46 16 69 275


141

61 35 15 13 35 300

10 5 Tilak road 39 43 5 20 10 15 132

11 4 Sahkarnagar 72 30 19 42 37 200

12 4 Hadapsar 5 31 20 18 10 4 88

13 4 Bibwewadi 55 25 20 10 5 30 145

14 5 Dhankawadi 27 10 2 14 51 104


100

45 20 42 15 28 250

76 890

490 416 422 118 431 2767

* Amount in Lacs




Administrati

ve w

ard

Kothrud

Warj

e Karv

enag

ar

Nagar

road

Bhavan

ipeth

Tilak

road

Hadap

sar

Dhanka

wadi

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160



Comparative Analysis of Non-plan Participatory Budget:

The data is given above is for 2013-14 and 2014-15:-

Aundh:

Road: The allocation of road department for year 2013-14 was 118 lakhs and

2014-15 is 54 lakhs. The amount is reduced due to the good quality of the roads.

Electricity: The allocation of electricity department for year 2013-14 was 29 lakhs

and 2014-15 is 22 lakhs. The amount is reduced due to the good quality of supply

of electricity.

Building: The allocation of building department for year 2013-14 was 59 lakhs

and 2014-15 is 52 lakhs. The amount is reduced due to the good services provided

to build building.

Slum Improvement: The allocation of slum improvement department for year

2013-14 was 29 lakhs and 2014-15 is 5 lakhs. The amount is reduced due to the

hardwork by PMC in improving the slum areas.

Water Supply: The allocation of water supply department for year 2013-14 was 0

lakhs and 2014-15 is 0 lakhs. The amount is unchanged. PMC did not allot to this

department as it is working well.

Drainage: The allocation of drainage department for year 2013-14 was 15 lakhs

and 2014-15 is 15 lakhs. The amount is unchanged as work need to be carried on.

Kothrud:


2014-15 is 15 lakhs. The amount is increased because there need to improve the

road.



of electricity.

Building: The allocation of building department for year 2013-14 was 0 lakhs and

2014-15 is 10 lakhs. The amount is increased due to the increase in the

population.


2013-14 was 15 lakhs and 2014-15 is 15 lakhs. The amount is unchanged.


lakhs and 2014-15 is 0 lakhs. The amount is decreased.


and 2014-15 is 15 lakhs. The amount is increased due to improve the drainage

system for the ward.

Ghole Road:




and 2014-15 is 85 lakhs. The amount is increased due to the bad quality of supply

of electricity.


and 2014-15 is 65 lakhs. The amount is increased due to the increase in

population.


2013-14 was 25 lakhs and 2014-15 is 45 lakhs. The amount is increased due to the

increase in slum population.


lakhs and 2014-15 is 20 lakhs. The amount is increased due to increase in water

supply.


and 2014-15 is 35 lakhs. The amount is increase to improve the drainage system.

Warje Karvenagar:


2014-15 is 35 lakhs. The amount is increased due to the improvement of the

roads.



of electricity.


2014-15 is 26 lakhs. The amount is decreased due to the decrease in population.





lakhs and 2014-15 is 0 lakhs. The amount is unchanged.



Dhole Patil Road:

Road: The allocation of road department for year 2013-14 was 33.5 lakhs and


roads.



of electricity.



population.




Water Supply: The allocation of water supply department for year 2013-14 was

014lakhs and 2014-15 is 5 lakhs. The amount is decreased due to decrease in

water supply connection.

Drainage: The allocation of drainage department for year 2013-14 was 18.5 lakhs


Nagar road:



roads.


and 2014-15 is 20 lakhs. The amount is decreased due to the good quality of

supply of electricity.



population.






supply connection.



Sangamwadi:



roads.



of electricity.


and 2014-15 is 10 lakhs. The amount is decreased due to the decrease in

population.





lakhs and 2014-15 is 0 lakhs. The amount is decreased due to decrease in water

supply connection.



Bhavanipeth:



roads.






population.


2013-14 was 81 lakhs and 2014-15 is 46 lakhs. The amount is decreased due to

the decrease in slum population.


20 lakhs and 2014-15 is 16 lakhs. The amount is decreased due to decrease in




Kasba-Vishrambagwada:



roads.



of electricity.


2014-15 is 35 lakhs. The amount is increased due to the increase in population.








and 2014-15 is 35 lakhs. The amount is decrease as drainage system are working

well.

Tilak road:

Road: The allocation of road department for year 2013-14 was 95.5 lakhs and

2014-15 is 39 lakhs. The amount is decreased due to the good quality of the

roads.

Electricity: The allocation of electricity department for year 2013-14 was 29.5

lakhs and 2014-15 is 43 lakhs. The amount is increased due to the bad quality of




population.







and 2014-15 is 15 lakhs. The amount is decrease as the drainage system is

working well.

Sahkarnagar:



roads.



of electricity.



population.







and 2014-15 is 37 lakhs. The amount is decreased so the amount is allotted to

other place as the drainage system is working well.

Hadapsar:


2014-15 is 5 lakhs. The amount is decreased due to good quality of the roads.


and 2014-15 is 31 lakhs. The amount is decrease due to the good quality of supply

of electricity.







0lakhs and 2014-15 is 10 lakhs. The amount is increased due to increase in water

supply connection.


and 2014-15 is 4 lakhs. The amount is decreased so the amount is allotted to other

place as the drainage system is working well.

Bibwewadi:


2014-15 is 55 lakhs. The amount is decreased due to the good quality of the roads.



of electricity.







lakhs and 2014-15 is 5 lakhs. The amount is increase due to increase in water

supply connection.


and 2014-15 is 30 lakhs. The amount is decreased so the amount is allotted to

other place as the drainage system is working well.

Dhankawadi:







2014-15 is 2 lakhs. The amount remains unchanged.


2013-14 was 0 lakhs and 2014-15 is 0 lakhs. The amount is remains unchanged.



supply connection.



Kondhwa Wanaori:



roads.






population.






supply connection.



Plan Participatory Budget:

Participatory Budgeting Allocation for 2013-14 (Planned)

Road

Electricity

Buildings

Slum Improvements

Water supply

Drainage

Total

Sr.No

No. of Wards

Electoral ward

1 5 Aundh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 6 Ghole Road 13 10 20 5 0 10 58

3 5 Kothrud 67 25 23 20 35 10 180


55 40 8 28 21 38 190


39 5 10 12 5 7 78

6 6 Nagar road 40 15 15 5 5 0 80

7 5 Sangamwadi 4 28 17 31 5 9 94

8 4 Hadapsar 60 16 15 0 3 8 102

9 6 Bhavanipeth 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


0 0 0 0 0 0 0

11 5 Tilak road 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12 4 Bibvewadi 21 19 23 4 0 5 72

13 4 Sahkarnagar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

14 5 Dhankawadi 73 18 0 3 10 5 109


0 0 0 0 0 0 0

76 372 176 131 108 84 92 963

* Amount in Lacs




Electo

ral w

ard

Ghole Road

Warj

e Karv

enag

ar

Nagar

road

Hadap

sar

Kasba-

Vishram

bagwad

a

Bibvewad

i

Dhanka

wadi

01020304050607080



Participatory Budgeting Allocation for 2014-15 (Planned)

Road

Electricity

Buildings

Slum Improvements

Water supply

Drainage

Total

Sr.No

No. of Prabhags

Administrative ward

1 5 Aundh 47 19 5 5 0 26 102

2 5 Kothrud 85 45 30 10 5 20 195

3 6 Ghole Road 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


35 34 14 15 0 12 110


0 0 0 0 0 0 0

6 6 Nagar road 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

7 5 Sangamwadi 40 45 5 5 25 5 125

8 6 Bhavanipeth 12 5 0 5 0 0 22


0 0 0 0 0 0 0

10 5 Tilak road 28 38 20 8 5 19 118

11 4 Sahkarnagar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12 4 Hadapsar 53 17 15 10 5 12 112

13 4 Bibwewadi 15 10 20 5 0 5 55

14 5 Dhankawadi 71 55 15 5 0 0 146


0 0 0 0 0 0 0

76 386

268 124 68 40 99 985

* Amount in Lacs




Administrati

ve w

ard

Kothrud

Warj

e Karv

enag

ar

Nagar

road

Bhavan

ipeth

Tilak

road

Hadap

sar

Dhanka

wadi

0102030405060708090



Comparative Analysis of Plan Participatory Budget:

The data is given above is for 2013-14 and 2014-15:-

Aundh:

Road: The allocation of road department for year 2013-14 was 0 lakhs and 2014-

15 is 47 lakhs. The amount is increased due to the bad quality and expanding of

the roads.



of electricity.


2014-15 is 5 lakhs. The amount is increased due to increase in the population.





lakhs and 2014-15 is 0 lakhs. The amount is unchanged. PMC did not allot to this

department as it is working well.


and 2014-15 is 26 lakhs. The amount is increased to improve the drainage system.

Kothrud:


2014-15 is 85 lakhs. The amount is increased because there need to improve the

road.



of electricity and increase in connection of electricity supply.


and 2014-15 is 30 lakhs. The amount is increased due to the increase in the

population.



improvement of slum areas.


35 lakhs and 2014-15 is 5 lakhs. The amount is decreased due to reduction of

water connection.



system for the ward.

Ghole Road:





of electricity.


and 2014-15 is 0 lakhs. The amount is reduced due to the reduction in population.



decrease in slum population.




and 2014-15 is 0 lakhs. The amount is reduced as the drainage system does not

need any improvement.

Warje Karvenagar:


2014-15 is 35 lakhs. The amount is reduced as the roads are in good shape.


and 2014-15 is 34 lakhs. The amount is reduced due to the good quantity of



2014-15 is 14 lakhs. The amount is increase due to the increase in population.





21 lakhs and 2014-15 is 0 lakhs. The amount is decreased due to deduction in

water connection.


and 2014-15 is 12 lakhs. The amount is decreased due to improved drainage

system as there are working well.

Dhole Patil Road:





of electricity.







lakhs and 2014-15 is 0 lakhs. The amount is reduced due to deduction in water

connection.


and 2014-15 is 0 lakhs. The amount is reduced as the drainage system does not

need any improvement.

Nagar road:





of electricity.







lakhs and 2014-15 is 0 lakhs. The amount is reduced due to deduction in water

connection.


and 2014-15 is 0 lakhs. The amount is unchanged.

Sangamwadi:



roads.



of electricity.



population.


2013-14 was 31 lakhs and 2014-15 is 5 lakhs. The amount is decreased due to the




supply connection.



Bhavanipeth:



roads.



of electricity and increase in connection.


2014-15 is 0 lakhs. The amount is unchanged.








Kasba-Vishrambagwada:













Tilak road:



roads.



of electricity and increase in connection.


2014-15 is 20 lakhs. The amount is increased due to increase in population.






connection.


and 2014-15 is 19 lakhs. The amount is increased due to improvement of drainage

system.

Sahkarnagar:













Hadapsar:


2014-15 is 53 lakhs. The amount is decreased due to good quality of the roads.



of electricity and new connection.








supply connection.



system.

Bibwewadi:




and 2014-15 is 10 lakhs. The amount is decreased due to the bad quality of supply

of electricity and new connection.



population.








Dhankawadi:




and 2014-15 is 55 lakhs. The amount is increased due to the good quality of

supply of electricity and new connection.


2014-15 is 15 lakhs. The amount is increased as the population increase and also

the building of house also increased.


2013-14 was 3 lakhs and 2014-15 is 5 lakhs. The amount is increased due

increase in slum areas population.


10 lakhs and 2014-15 is 0 lakhs. The amount is decreased due to decrease in water

supply connection.


and 2014-15 is 0 lakhs. The amount is decreased as there is no improve needed

for drainage system.

Kondhwa Wanaori:













Findings

Improvement can be done by PMC for collection of data.

Many wards do not have allocation amount.

PMC needs to allocate more amount to develop the areas.

Limitations

The data collected by Pune Municipal Corporation is appropriate.

Data collected is old and improper to use.

There are many mistakes in budget.

Difficult to understand the budgeted data as it is in Marathi.

Suggestions

Even though there are many process gaps, and even adverse impacts of PB, there is a strong support for continuance of PB, given the promise it holds for engagement, community building and accountability. The potential benefits are so large that it is worth investing in to fix the gaps. Gadgil and Jain both suggest that citizens group/ civil society organizations will have to take the next step forward in the further evolution of PB in Pune.

This could take the form of a bottom-up movement that enhances outreach, creates citizens assemblies to which corporators could be invited, compiles and makes available the relevant information to citizens, perhaps demonstrates deliberative processes for citizens to prioritize projects, follows through on monitoring of budgeted projects and demands accountability from representatives. Such a movement could proactively reach out to corporators who are willing to experiment and don’t want to get into an adversarial position with their constituencies on this matter.

Advocacy could be done at the city level for PMC to adopt a resolution detailing out the procedures for PB. A critical aspect, in Gadgil’s view though not in Jain’s is the transparency of decision-making in the prabhag samiti, which finalizes the list of projects that make it to the ward budget. Another aspect of advocacy at the city level is to up the budget from INR 2 million so that a larger number of citizens’ can participate and see their projects get included.

Gadgil also suggests advocacy at the state level for legislating PB as part of the Bombay Provincial and Municipal Corporations Act (which lays down the structures and processes of the urban local democratic institutions). Acknowledging that merely legislating it will not make PB a reality, Gadgil points out that legislation gives the civil society groups a platform to stand on, to kick start the process. The legislation could detail out the process to some extent so that however the specific evolve, the basic structure is robust and democratic. The state government could also develop best practice documents or guidelines.

Chavan sees political parties taking their own steps to make use of the PB opportunity. Given the changing climate as regards governance, the push for reforms from the central government and especially for enacting the Community Participation bill (or Area Sabha bill), she feels that parties which are already experimenting with facilitating direct participation are likely to consolidate their own position better and be more responsible in their role as representatives. She feels that win win situations can be created. Given the positive experience of her party colleagues so far in conducting citizens meetings, there is increasing political interest in PB which could work synergistically with citizens’ movements to push forward the PB agenda.

Conclusion

Some of the major areas of improvement are in outreach, transparency of process, institutionalizing the processes in slum localities, institutionalizing the role of the corporator, enhanced practice and experimentation with public deliberation processes, and year-round engagement.

Drawing upon ideas of good practice from the literature reviewed and from the interviewees, this section of the study provides some suggestions for improvement:

Improved Outreach – For outreach, the municipal government, media and citizens groups, already make some efforts. However, a much more proactive effort by these actors, as well as political parties may be needed if the ambition of ‘at least half the city knows about it’ is to be attained. Especially needed is outreach to disadvantaged and vulnerable groups, as well as to children and youth for whom such engagement would possibly be good initiation into democracy.

Process Improvements – The process related improvements pertain to systems for tracking and making available information on suggestions right from receipt of forms to implementation of suggestions therein. Information needed for prioritization and decision-making, should be made available in easily understandable forms for citizens. This may include ward maps, lists of projects underway or already planned, civic service levels, environmental status, etc which are already in departmental annual reports, Environmental Status Report, budget etc. A critical improvement needed is transparency in decisions at various stages related to final inclusion of projects by elected representatives in the municipal budget, with reasoned responses on why certain projects are not included.

Institutionalizing the Process in Slum Localities – Pune has an enormous advantage of experience with the participatory nature of implementation of Urban Community Development (UCD) schemes, and participatory planning projects such as those taken up for slum housing and slum infrastructure planning in some localities. The PB process could take learning’s from these, and institutionalize certain approaches which can serve to provide the opportunity to all slum localities. The UCD structure and associated human capacities is a strong base to build on, especially since the first two years of PB had already linked up with it.

Engagement with corporators – The role of the corporator should be as the chair of the PB process in his/ her ward. The corporator should invite the constituency to review the previous budget, the status of various developmental and civic projects and services, give inputs on gaps and suggestions for the projects to be taken up. These may pertain to the ward or to larger issues. For issues which go beyond the ward, it would be the cooperator’s role to escalate these for discussion in the city’s elected General Body and with the city level Administration.

The local ward level suggestions should be discussed in public deliberative meetings to arrive at root causes and possible solutions along with their associated trade-offs. It

would be the corporator’s role to ensure that the viewpoints of all associated stakeholders, the technical staff of the municipality as well as any other experts are aired. The corporator may then appoint citizens committees on various themes to detail out projects that could be taken up. After the nature and scope of all the various projects are prepared, these should again be put for public deliberation to decide priorities. The corporator can then take these prioritized projects to the next level of municipal budgeting. The minutes of all such meetings should be available as public record.

Such a role may require considerable facilitation and leadership skills. However, laying down procedural guidelines, providing guidance on tools for deliberation as well as allocating a budget for undertaking deliberative processes would be useful to make the PB / deliberative processes productive irrespective of the facilitation skills of the corporators.

Enhanced practice and experimentation with public deliberation processes – The reservations of elected representatives, municipal officials and even civil society actors as regards public deliberative meetings are a stumbling block in the furtherance of democratic practice. Drawing lessons from old and new forms of deliberation being practiced locally and in other cities across the world, consciously building capacities, and experimenting with them in Pune is probably be a necessary step. Especially important would be tools and techniques for engaging different types of communities, such as children, youth, women, migrants, elderly and the disabled, in articulating their needs and suggesting and evaluating solutions for provision of civic services geared to their needs.

Year-round engagement – The implementation of the budgeted projects is an aspect that should be addressed regularly in quarterly meetings of the wards committees and those of corporators with neighborhood groups. The ward offices could provide report cards of progress in implementation of suggested works.

Engagement with overall city budget - A longer-term project would be work towards enhancing citizen engagement with the overall budget process, thematic budgets (such as transportation, waste, housing, etc) and assessing budget response to larger human development and environmental goals, beyond the neighborhood level.

There is interest among both citizens groups and political parties to improve the PB process for varied reasons. As explained by Chavan, at least one political party is locally responding to the changing urban governance climate in India and trying out public meetings at the electoral ward level. Capacity building of corporators may be needed so that they are able to facilitate public meetings to be more deliberative, productive and efficient. As such, these recommendations are being placed for discussion among interested groups in Pune by CEE. Ongoing projects by CEE, Janwani and others for neighbourhood street design, waste management, stream restoration and biodiversity conservation etc also provide opportunities for experimentation with deliberative processes in conjunction with PB.

Many different actors have shaped PB in Pune so far, and further evolution will require even more conscious and deliberate collaboration among them and others. Further evolution will perhaps also require a willingness to be experimental, critical and reflexive on the part of these actors. Keeping these aspects in mind an action inquiry undertaken jointly by the PMC, elected representatives, researchers and civil society organizations, may be a useful approach to consider implementation of these recommendations.

References

http://ww2.unhabitat.org/cdrom/transparency/html/2d_7.html http://www.academia.edu/5217974/

Participatory_Budgeting_in_Pune_A_critical_review http://government.wikia.com/wiki/Participatory_Budgeting_in_Pune http://iacpune.blogspot.in/2012/09/participatory-budget-for-pune-2012.html http://www.desd.org/efc/Participatory%20Budgeting.htm http://southasia.oneworld.net/news/participatory-budgeting-in-india-the-pune-

experiment#.VBaQkZSSxA0 http://developmentcentral.wordpress.com/2013/07/02/participatory-budgeting-in-

india-the-pune-experiment/ http://cdp-ny.org/report/pbreport.pdf Pune Municipal Corporation, Budget 2012-13, Pune Pune Municipal Corporation, Budget 2013-14, Pune Pune Municipal Corporation, Budget 2014-15, Pune

http://pbnyc.org/content/about-participatory-budgeting

http://www.participatorybudgeting.org/about-participatory-budgeting/faq/

http://www.nyc.gov/html/omb/downloads/pdf/sum5_13.pdf

http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/40132

http://urbanindia.nic.in/programme/lsg/74th_CAA.pdf

http://www.unh.edu/democracy/conference2009/pdf/PRIA-CommunityParticipationLaw.pdf

http://www.punecorporation.org/

Annexure

How does the citizen know about Participatory Budgeting?

Translation

Pune Municipal Corporation Shivajinagar, Pune 411007

Public Notice Citizens’ Participation in PMC Budget 2014-15 It has been decided that all Ward Committees when preparing the budget for 2014-15 should take into consideration the works suggested by citizens. This public notice for citizens to suggest works in their prabhag/ ward is being issued in accordance. The Citizens Suggestions Forms are available free of cost at the Ward Offices during office hours and at Citizens’ Facilitation Centres from 06 August 2013 to 10 September 2013. The forms are also available at the PMC’s website www.punecorporation.org. Forms will be accepted at Ward Offices and Citizens’ Facilitation Centres till 5.00 pm on 10 September 2013.

Municipal Commissioner

Pune Municipal Corporation

Pro forma of the Participatory Budgeting form

participatory budgeting

Documents

project work

business admistration

pune acknowledgement

guidance of

research methodology27

research theme13

research objective

research topic15