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With the support of the Lifelong Learning Programme of the European Union.

May 2014

Partner: DIRECCIÓN XERAL DE XUVENTUDE E VOLUNTARIADO. XUNTA DE GALICIA Authors: Chan Sada, Candela Del Oro Sáez, Mª del Pilar Enrich González, Lidia Garza Silvela, Xose Luis

[PARTNER REPORT ON NEETS] (Galicia, Spain) This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.

Xuventude Report

This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This report reflects the views only of the

autor , and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained

therein

Contents

Executive summary ........................................................................................................................ 2

1. Introduction to NEET phenomenon ...................................................................................... 4

1.1 State of the art about NEETs in the partner´s country .................................................. 4

1.1.1 Current situation ....................................................................................................... 4

1.1.2. Official statistical data .............................................................................................. 5

1.1.3 Outlook ..................................................................................................................... 5

2 Key findings from Need Analysis of NEETs ........................................................................... 6

2.1 Profile of NEETs and their personal characteristics ..................................................... 6

2.2 Reasons to become NEET ................................................................................................ 7

2.2.1 Risk factors resulting in being NEETs ..................................................................... 7

2.3 Identified needs/interests ............................................................................................... 8

2.3.1 Self-confidence raising ............................................................................................. 8

2.4 Experience with public support and services for youth ............................................. 10

3 SWOT analysis of NEETs ....................................................................................................... 11

ANNEXES

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Executive summary

The Dirección Xeral de Xuventude e Voluntariado (Xunta de Galicia) has completed the questionnaires

(individual interviews) established for the study of the analysis of the needs of Neets in localities belonging

the provinces of Galicia: A Coruña, Lugo, Ourense and Pontevedra. Inland and coastal towns, rural areas,

small and big cities, in order to have more representativity of the Galician Neet population..

The total number of questionnaires was 125, of which 94 have posted (the other did not match the

parameters of this study). We must contextualize a number of points to consider: at the end of the

questionnaire asked to young people about the possibility of participating in a focus group, 54 of them

have said no, 39 ones would be interested and 1 of them does not answer. The questionnaires had

possible answers (multiple or not) and they have chosen what they thought that it was better or most

appropriate to them; for example, young people who have only completed mandatory secondary

education do not fill the education field or do not answer if their studies have been appropriate

(questions 7 and 8); the question about what could improve their confidence (one option), they prefer

multiple responses, as it happens with the sector in which they would like to work in the environment,

with whom or on sources of information used (questions 12, 20 , 24, 25 and 26); This fact means that it is

possible that some answers had caused doubts to them.

After this phase, two meetings (focus group with Neets) were held in order to establish a direct contact

and a focus groups with stakeholders for analysis. The first of them took place in Lugo (12 May 2014)

attended 6 young (between 21 and 26 years), 1 technician career guidance, one psychologist, one

researcher from the Xunta de Galicia, 1 representative of the project and one moderator (entrepreneur

specialist coach). The second focus group was held in Verín on May 14, 2014 attended by 10 young people

(between 22 and 27 years), 1 mother, 1 technician in local information, one young worker, 1

representative of the project and one moderator ( entrepreneur specialist coach). On May 13, 2014 in

Lugo stakeholders gathered for the analysis of questionnaires, focus group and outline this report.

We will use for this summary the diagnosis that emerged from focus groups with Neets because it

condenses very graphically the current situation and allows see the results of the individual interviews. The

Neets population is obviously very heterogeneous and includes numerous subgroups; however, a basic

education level, low income in the family, family context, no continuity in the educational system, location

in rural areas, the situation of economic and social crisis in Galicia and strong motivation are common

characteristics. The meetings followed the same structure although they were very different; in both

young have not been very encouraged to participate but we could see how some young people were

disappointed with the situation they live and they do not recognize themselves as Neet (highest

educational level and there is a confusion as the term Neet as out of the society), loss of confidence and

low selfesteem; but other Neet peers recognize themselves as such, they have not studied (not have

obtained degrees) they are not reserved , they are cheerful and chatty and they have excess of self-

esteem.

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All young people are disenchanted with the situation in their region which causes a lack of motivation on

the job search, they recognize that they have a the low level in language skills, they do not believe in

courses that public services offers (especially public State Employment Service (SES)- because they do not

respond to demand of the labor market-).

As for job interviews they do not prepared them, do not know the Europass (European CV); they think that

is very important the teamwork, all of them want to start working and to have enough income and they

are not motivated to continue studying or doing courses of formation or retraining They believe they have

sufficient knowledge to enter the labor market

In both groups there is a small number of Neets that do not want to study nor work and they have a

negative answer for the formation courses because they think these courses are worthless.

A curiosity in Neets has been that while all of them have a smartphone and use it to communicate each

other (very gregarious) they do not surf Internet or social networks, which does not facility to finding

work, training or information.

The lack of motivation is a constant in the field of Neet population, throughout this stage we have seen

how talking to them and encouraging them to participate enhances their opinions and stimulates and

induces them to asses their situation although not all of them, only one important part of them.

The situation, in advancing the focus group, was changing; at the end, they were interested in formation,

they believed in their potential, they were able to assess their knowledge and they had shared their

experiences

Some of them are able to promote their ideas but they do not know how to express it.

Interest in continuous training or recycling value grows as it can facilitate the access to the labor market.

To improve their skills, as they themselves point, taking courses of career guidance, coaching, tourism,

leisure time (monitor and director), environmental technician, physical-technical athletic, elderly care,

home care or conversation courses (linguistic).

The work to be performed with Neet population in the near future is clear that will have to be very

motivating and it is necessary to know that this sector has very specific needs. Innovative ideas and

individualized work with young people, supported by a quality orientation, development of very specific

activities for Neet collective, active inclusion measures, encouraging creativity, opportunities for a first

work experience or adapt their teaching needs and the labor market will be the key to a good

development of plans to support the future of the social inclusion of young people who neither work nor

study.

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1. Introduction to NEET phenomenon

1.1 State of the art about NEETs in Galicia (Spain)

1.1.1 Current situation

1.1.2. Official statistical data

There is a direct relationship between the increase of young people who neither study nor work and increasing unemployment in Galicia; well, the percentage of Neets in Galicia has risen from 11.3 in 2008 to 17.2 in 2011 to reach 20.1 (aged 18 to 24 years) in 2013 (according to Eurostat sources). The Galician youth population was 173,127 in 2013 and Neets are 34798.53 (18743.77 men and 16011.14 women).

The Galician situation with respect to the national average (Spain) is lower: 20.1% versus 24.00%, but is higher than the average of the European Union (28 Member States), 17% (according to Eurostat data).

Regarding the level of education attained by young people aged between 15 and 29 years (source: Eurostat):

Out of a total of 62,421 young people between 15 and 17 years: 3121.1 are Neets and have passed the Elementary and Secondary Education;

Out of a total of 173,127 young people aged 18 to 24 years: 34798.5 are Neets and have passed the first and secondary education totaling 27007.8 and 14542.7 have studied between high school and college degree;

Out of a total of 155 402 aged 25 to 29 years: 37607.3 are Neets and have passed the first and secondary education a total of 25952.1 and 19891.5 have studied between high school and college degree

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

European Union (28 countries) 16,8 16,8 16,5 16,2 15,1 14,1 13,9 16,1 16,6 16,7 17,1 17,0

Spain 14,8 14,8 15,0 14,7 13,6 13,8 17,0 22,6 22,4 23,1 23,8 24,0

Noroeste (ES) 14,1 14,2 14,1 12,3 12,2 10,7 11,0 17,4 17,8 18,3 19,8 19,6

Galicia 14,0 13,3 13,5 12,3 11,4 9,9 11,3 17,5 17,0 17,2 19,9 20,1

0,0

5,0

10,0

15,0

20,0

25,0

30,0

% O

F P

OP

ULA

TIO

N

NEETS DISTRIBUTION (18-24 YEARS)

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1.1.2. Official statistical data

1.1.3 Outlook

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Total Galicia 14,0 13,3 13,5 12,3 11,4 9,9 11,3 17,5 17,0 17,2 19,9 20,1

Hombres Galicia 12,3 10,1 11,5 10,0 10,6 8,6 11,6 18,3 17,9 19,3 21,6 21,2

Mujeres Galicia 15,7 16,6 15,8 14,6 12,4 11,3 11,0 16,7 16,1 15,1 18,1 18,9

0,0

5,0

10,0

15,0

20,0

25,0

% O

F P

OP

ULA

TIO

N

NEETS EVOLUTION, GALICIA

The Regional Community of Galicia subscribes and promotes the National Plan of the establishment of

Youth Guarantee in Spain (Ministry of Employment and Social Security, 2013). GUARANTEE is defined as a

recommendation to States to ensure that all young people under 25 get a good offer of job, continuing

education, apprenticeship training or work placement within four months of becoming unemployed or

finish the formal education. The plan states:

To enhance employability will be introduced second chance programs, training with hiring

commitment; training in ICT and languages , business internships, training vocational boost,

training to obtain professional certificates, evaluation and accreditation of professional

competences and work shops in school and trade formation

To promote the recruitment: reductions and discounts in fees up to 100% to under 30 years,

reduction in social contributions to specific young people (Neet) under 25, reduction in specific

social contributions for youth at risk of exclusion and / with disabilities, aid for employment for

the recruitment of young Neets for more than six months as well as training and promotion of

employ for young researchers

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2 Key findings from Need Analysis of NEETs

2.1 Profile of NEETs and their personal characteristics

(Questions 1, 10, 11 and 13 See Appendix 1.) Surveys carried out by participants in this phase of the

project have shown the following:. More than half of them "job seeker, are considered in active job

searching or training, "including when they are short-term unemployed.

Only less than 5% admit to not actively seek training or employment; we should ask why they believe thay

are not "active" in this sense; it may be due to lack of search techniques, or they have "given up" by not

finding any work after some time trying it.

On the other hand, it would be convenient to define with them the meaning of "actively seeking

employment" in terms of daily number of hours dedicated to this task and specification of activities in a

given period of time, eg a week. In our view, the "active" may be a too vague concept in the survey.Finally,

in terms of this section, it is noteworthy that a single person has mentioned the answer "I am traveling, I

volunteer and I am involved in other altruistic activities, such as music or the arts (nor training, or

working)." This suggests that respondents Neets not show interest in these activities, or they unknown it

With respect to how they describe themselves, point out that, as in most of the surveys, central score are

the most (in this case 4 or 5); to draw conclusions we have put our attention in those items that receive a

large number of high or low scores. High scores highlight the "open", "sociable" and "talkative" items and

low-rated "reserved" item . This fits with the high scores to be found in the section on personal

characteristics, which stand for here are "fun" and "easygoing“.The Neets generally have a good opinion

of themselves, it has been obtained low score in items as "opportunistic" or "egocentric" and high rating

on "reliable" and "timely" . This agrees with the comments in the "focus group".

With respect to how they spend their leisure time, more than half of them said the section "meet friends".

The answers related to "surf the internet / social networking" "being with family" are relevant as well as

everything that has to do with television, film, music and sport, these activities associated with youth in

general and in which the Neets are not exception.Activities related to concerts, museums or theater have

very few answers . One possible explanation may be rural area in which many of our respondents live ,

more than their disregard for the cultural world because we realize that a significant percentage says that

reading is one of their activities.

From meetings with them in the "focus group" also draws the conclusion that this young people seem

urgently to need support, mentoring in order to successfully start the job search process. The Neets

participants in this study do not close to new opportunities, but the lack of information on one hand, and

professional support on the other, makes them fall into discouragement and apathy.

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2.2 Reasons to become NEET

2.2.1 Risk factors resulting in being NEETs

Questions 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7. See Annex 2).

It is evident that there are many risk factors that influence and derive the condition Neet. After analyzing

the responses to the surveys conducted by the Neet group, we can draw a number of conclusions:

First, it is important to note that the vast majority of respondents considered as the main factor

influencing their condition Neet poor offers of job in the labor market / distant residence of work place"

and we can state this in question "what is / are the / s cause / s that has led him to become Neet? ". In

this sense, it would be desirable to redefine it if, indeed, the labor supply is poor or, on the contrary, other

influencing factors as searching in a precise manner or that the offers do not reach the Neets.

Second, it should be noted as a risk factor in the condition of Neet the level of education attained by the

respondents. It should be noted that, excluding compulsory primary education, we find that training

descending Neets are more. Thus, it is noteworthy that there are not Neets respondents with a higher

education degree or master and that the most of the respondents represent a level of compulsory

secondary education. Regarding this point, it would be interesting to determine if they would be willing to

tranine or not and to what level. For this it is necessary to offer a good guidance and mentoring to help

them to acquire adequate training to their needs.

Finally, from surveys and meetings established in the "focus group" is extracted as a risk factor to

consider, to have little confidence in themselves, situation arising largely from the absence of a job that

causes insecurity and damages self-esteem. The vast majority of respondents felt that for the Neets

getting a job improves confidence in themselves. Thus, it is likely that in many cases the attitude of

insecurity of respondents can be a barrier to achieving a job and therefore,it will be interesting to guide

the Neets to the training to enable them to acquire some tools to deal successfully with the process job

searching.

From the meetings with Neets under "focus group" sessions, we conclude the need for the attendees to

be guided in the process of job searching. That is, supporting for working the confidence and safety in

themselves, orientation training and a good mentoring.

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2.3 Identified needs/interests

2.3.1 Self-confidence raising

2.3.2 Further education

(Questions 3, 8, 9, 12, 14, 15 and 16. See Annex 3).

We Identify as needs the following by order of preference:

1. MOTIVATION: boys and girls interviewed are totally unmotivated because they do not find

support at many levels (household, government, educational field, ...); the bureaucratic system is

difficult while discourages them simply because of not finding adequate professionals when you

need something.

2. TUTORING OR ADDRESS: emerging need of professionals from different fields to direct them in

times of need; the information system is not working or it is in the hands of people who are not

formed before the new requirements showing the Neets.

3. TRAINING AND INFORMATION: These two needs are one since the moment that information is

not received by the young people.It is not well managed in this period of the society and to this

population sector.

(Question 12. See Annex 4).

To increase self confidence young people are clear that confidence is bound closely to have an income; it

is true that a considerable number of them had small jobs that motivates them to give that answer, and

who has not a job for some anxiety to earn quick money, but it has to be as they say.

We noticed, with some curiosity, that they worry about formation, especially over 22 years. That would be

the following factor that would lead them to have more confidence; but they want a practical and direct

training, to achieve greater self-confidence; some of them even showed some sensitivity on training

related to the development of confidence to the labor market.

Some Neets during the focus group were seeing the importance and need to go back to study or recycle

their knowledge to face of new employment sites.

Following the constant of the previous section,they continue to demand information, or rather, more

dynamic channels are established in order to be received it.

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2.3.3 Retraining courses

2.3.4 Access into the job market

(Question, 14. See Annex 5).

As for continuing training young people feel that probably or definitely would help them find a job,

although there is a little worrying outstanding percentage, that are indifferent and pleased with their

training if they have and in some cases they have a total lack of it.

The youth training in practical aspects of education remains a pending issue in our country. For many

years it were not taught that, for example, there is a business world, but in the last five years are

continually bombarded with "entrepreneur", "self-financing", etc..

(Questions 17, 18 and 19. See Annex 6).

Moreover, the vast majority is seeking training to get a job, and it is clear that it must be theoretical and

practical at the same time to have a comprehensive development of the materials learned.

As for the training, young people continue recycling in general; the current Neet is very different, and

although they shows apathy they continues to attend training courses. It is true that it is noted that in our

country if you are registered in the Public State Employment Service (SEPS) as unemployed you can be

recommended for carrying various training courses. Even in the field of family this offer is seem a good

offer because "something must be done".

At this point to comment that for them, and they say this, not finding a practical formation in this type of

courses is frustrating , often for the selection criteria of students are not the most correct. Also they

explain and list a number of courses in which they may be motivated or interested in, this fact is very

relevant if we consider a later stage of training in which to help them to obtain higher professional

qualifications and a better access to the labor market .

(Questions 20-27. See Annex 7).

Access to the labor market in these young provides a very specific profile. Generalizing, their favorite

sector is not well defined; it can be both public and private; ie,they do not even see as solvent the

traditional public safety . They are sure they want to work in Spain, at home, they show us the traditional

lack of knowledge of foreign languages in young spanish young people and they say they are able to hold

a basic conversation in another language, but at the same time they do not practice or study, although

they ask for specific training in English.

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2.4 Experience with public support and services for youth

(Questions 28-31. See Annex 8).The answer is fairly common: Neets or young people in general do not

know the existence of support of public or private services and therefore they not use them. At this

point it should be stressed that often do not appreciate the need to seek by ignoring the benefits that

they could provide. At the same time if they initiate a searching and do not to find it at the time, they fall

demoralized and do not continue.

Those who know about public services (25%) do not believe in their capabilities and in the courses they

offer, they are convinced they do not serve to find a job or do not respond to the demand in the labor

market.

To one focus group a youth reporter attended , in this session we were able to observe as if they perceive

the work that this collective does and they support it, nonetheless, they recognized laziness in

approaching these offices or initially respond to its recommendations.

We could conclude that Neets wait for to be found in their environment, rather than they go to public

services. Lack of information and communication. The information does not reach them and they did not

seek it. The information should consider going outside.

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3 SWOT analysis of NEETs

Strengths PARTNERSHIP

CREATIVITY

POSITIVE ATTITUDE

INTEREST IN THE PROJECT

Weaknesses PASSIVE ATTITUDE

NO MOTIVATION

FAMILY CONTEXT

VULNERABILITY

Opportunities YOUTH

EASY TO MOTIVATE

INSTITUTIONS CONCERNED ABOUT THEIR SITUATION

SPECIFIC EUROPEAN PROJECTS

Threats INFORMATION NOT PROPERLY

DIRECTED

LACK OF AUTONOMY

HIGHER RISK OF UNEMPLOYMENT

SOCIAL EXCLUSION

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ANNEX 1

05

1015202530354045

I am

sh

ort

-ter

mu

nem

plo

yed

, act

ivel

yse

eki

ng

wo

rk,

edu

cati

on

or

trai

nin

g.

I am

sh

ort

-ter

mu

nem

plo

yed

, no

tac

tive

ly s

eeki

ng

wo

rk,

edu

cati

on

or

trai

nin

g.

I am

lon

g-te

rmu

nem

plo

yed

, act

ivel

yse

eki

ng

wo

rk,

edu

cati

on

or

trai

nin

g.

I am

lon

g-te

rmu

nem

plo

yed

, no

tac

tive

ly s

eeki

ng

wo

rk,

edu

cati

on

or

trai

nin

g.

I am

a f

amily

car

er,

that

mea

ns,

I h

ave

fam

ily r

esp

on

sib

iliti

es

wh

ich

do

no

t a

llow

…

I hav

e a

n il

lne

ss o

r an

yki

nd

of

me

nta

l/p

hys

ical

dis

abili

ty

I am

tra

velli

ng

and

/or

curr

en

tly

invo

lve

d in

oth

er a

ltru

isti

cac

tivi

ties

, su

ch u

s…

No

ne,

I am

em

plo

yed

or

a st

ud

ent

or

atte

nd

ing

retr

ain

ing

cou

rse

1. To which of following category/ies would you put yourself? (more options possible) No. of votes

0102030405060708090

100

10. How would you describe yourself? More options possible.

No. of total votes

from which 1 point

from which 2 points

from which 3 points

from which 4 points

from which 5 points

from which 6 points

from which 7 points

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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

11. How would you describe yourself in terms of personal characteristics?

No. of total votes

from which 1 point

from which 2 points

from which 3 points

from which 4 points

from which 5 points

from which 6 points

from which 7 points

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

13. How do you usually spend most of your free time? (3 options possible to choose)

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ANNEX 2

2. What is/are the reason/s you have become NEET? (more options possible)

low level of education

immigrant origin

mental disability

74

20

4. Are your parents divorced?

no

yes

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

no, I do not know anybody yes, my former classmate/s yes, my relative yes, my close friend

5. Are some of your friends/relatives aged between 20-29 years defined as NEET? (more options possible)

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0

5

10

15

20

25

30

6. Select your attained education level (according to the ISCED levels)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

7. Select the field of education which you studied (more options possible).

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ANNEX 3

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

below 250 € 250 - 499 € 500 – 799 € 800 - 999 € 1000 - 1500 € over 1500 €

3. What is net household income per month (income per household member – equivalent in EUR)?

0

5

10

15

20

25

1 point 2 points 3 points 4 points 5 points 6 points 7 points

8. How much do you think your studied field is useful for your career?

0

10

20

30

40

yes no I do not know

9. Do you think job offers in your region meet your skills level?

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0

10

20

30

40

50

60

yes, I want I do not know no, I do not see any added value ofretraining

15. Are you seriously thinking to attend some retraining courses?

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

yes, I finished 6 months agoand earlier

yes, I finished ½ year – 1 year ago

yes, I finished more than 1year ago

no, I haven´t attended anysuch courses

16. Did you recently attend some kind of education/retraining courses?

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ANNEX 4

ANNEX 5

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

being part of agroup

getting on atraining course

getting a diploma getting betterinformation

being coached getting a socialincome

12. What could improve most your self-confidence?

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

definitely yes probably yes I do not know probably no definitely no

14. Do you consider further education important for you?

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ANNEX 6

38 12

9

17. If yes, do you think these courses helped you to find a job?

yes

no

not really

0

20

40

60

only theoretical issues only practical issues half and half I do not know

18. How should the curricula be structured in the retraining courses in your opinion?

0

20

40

60

80

creativity communication teamwork results driven presentation skills

19. What abilities do you think that are necessary in order to develop your career within

educational/training courses?

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ANNEX 7

44

42

21

20. In which sector would you love to work?

public sector

private sector

self-employment

75

17

2

21. Where (geographically) would you love to work?

in my country

abroad within EU

abroad (in third countries)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

yes I do not know no

22. If abroad, do you think your knowledge of a foreign language is sufficient?

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0

10

20

30

40

50

no language 1 language several

23. How many foreign languages do you speak (you are able to communicate about basic topics)?

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

outdoors, where Ican interact with

nature andanimals

indoors, I prefersilent office

in busy place withmany interesting

people

in a lab in a class in a factory,machinery,

industrial area

24. In which environment would you love to work?

010203040506070

people (teamwork, sales, speaker, …)

things (manufacturing the things, repairing,

…)

information (analysis,journalist)

money (cashier, bank clerk, …)

with myself (artist,entrepreneur)

25. What do you prefer work with?

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37

47

25

38

26. What sources of information you use to find a job?

ask a friend/s or family

media ( newspapers, radio, flyers,TV, billboards, etc)

from recruitment institutions/laboroffices

internet and online job portals

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

insufficienteducation

level

insufficientlanguage

knowledge

insufficientexpertise

little PC skills driverslicense

absence

no jobposition

fitting to mystudy field

on thelabourmarket

my mentaldisability

my physicaldisability

my laziness

27. What are the obstacles to access into the labor market for you? (more options possible)

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ANNEX 8

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

yes, public institution yes, private institution yes, both no

28. Do you know any institution/s providing relevant and useful information to young NEETs in your

region? (more options possible)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

yes, I am still using the service/s ofsuch institution

yes, I used the service/s, however Idon´t use currently

no, I have never used

29. Have you ever used the services offered by that institution/s?

Xuventude Report



therein

20

17

11

4 3

30. If yes, which kind of service/s have you used (are you using) within such institution?

job offer

soft-skills courses

hard-skills courses

personal coaching

apprenticeship, internships provision

0

5

10

15

20

25

1 point 2 points 3 points 4 points 5 points 6 points 7 points

31. How do you evaluate usefulness of such institution in your territory.

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