pashto 2...pashto 2 pashto is an iranian language of the indo-european family. there are over 17...
TRANSCRIPT
Reading Booklet
®
Pashto 2
ii
Pashto 2
Booklet Design: Maia Kennedy
© and ‰ Recorded Program 2011 Simon & Schuster, Inc.
© Reading Booklet 2011 Simon & Schuster, Inc.Pimsleur® is an imprint of Simon & Schuster Audio, a division of Simon & Schuster, Inc. Mfg. in USA.
All rights reserved.
Travelers should always check with their nation's State Department for
current advisories on local conditions before traveling abroad.
iii
Pashto 2
iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
VoicesEnglish-Speaking Instructor ..................... Ray BrownPashto-Speaking Instructor ............ Barkat Ali KhwajaFemale Pashto Speaker ............. Bilquees Ali KhwajaMale Pashto Speaker ................................ Aman Khan
course WritersAman Khan ♦ Joan Schoellner
editorsDelaram Soltani ♦ Beverly D. Heinle
reVieWerHosai Ehsan
executiVe ProducerBeverly D. Heinle
Producer & directorSarah H. McInnis
recording engineers Peter S. Turpin ♦ Kelly Saux
Simon & Schuster Studios, Concord, MA
iv
Pashto 2
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Alphabet Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Diacritics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Lesson One . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Lesson Two . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Lesson Three . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Lesson Four . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Lesson Five . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Lesson Six . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Lesson Seven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Lesson Eight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Lesson Nine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Lesson Ten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Lesson Eleven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Lesson Twelve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Lesson Thirteen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Lesson Fourteen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Lesson Fifteen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Lesson Sixteen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Lesson Seventeen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Lesson Eighteen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Lesson Nineteen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Lesson Twenty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Reading Lessons
Pashto 2
Pashto is an Iranian language of the Indo-European family. There are over 17 million speakers of Pashto, primarily in Afghanistan and Pakistan. In Afghanistan, it is one of the two official languages, and it is the native tongue of approximately 35% of the population. The other official language, Dari (Persian), is spoken by about 50%. Although Pashto is an official language of Afghanistan and a required subject in middle school, Dari is used primarily in business and higher education. As a result, most Pashtuns also speak Dari. However, many Dari speakers do not have a good command of Pashto.
Pashto is spoken as a regional language by about 17% of the population of Pakistan. It is spoken in the Northwest Frontier Province (Pakhtoonkhwa), in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), and in Balochistan. It is also used in some Pakistani cities such as Karachi and Hyderabad. Pashto, however, is not an official language in Pakistan (Urdu is the offical language), and it is not taught in the schools.
Smaller communities of speakers can be found in Northeast Iran, Tajikistan, India, and the United Arab Emirates. The major Pashto-speaking cities are Kabul, Jalalabad, Kandahar, Peshawar, and Quetta.
Introduction
2
Pashto 2
Athough Pashto has many dialects, the three primary ones are:
•Northern - as spoken in Kabul and Jalalabad (Afghanistan) and in the Northwest Frontier Province (Pakistan);
•Southern - as spoken in Kandahar (Afganistan) and Balochistan (western Pakistan and eastern Iran);
•Central - as spoken in Wazirstan (northern Pakistan).
These three dialects are mutually intelligible. This course teaches the northern dialect as spoken in Kabul, which will be understood through all Pashto-speaking regions. Pashto is also called Pakhto, Pushto, Pukhto, Pashtu, or Pushtu. The variation in spelling reflects the different pronunciations in different regions; speakers of the northern dialect say “Pakhto” and speakers of the southern dialect say, “Pashto.” This demonstrates the primary difference between the southern dialect, which uses /sh/ and /zh/ sounds, and the northern dialect, which uses /kh/ and /gh/ sounds instead. The central dialect is more similar in pronunciation to the southern dialect; however, vocabulary differs somewhat.
3
Pashto 2
Pashto uses a modified version of the Arabic alphabet, with forty-six letters (some alphabet charts will list forty-five), as opposed to twenty-eight in Arabic. The first written records of Pashto date back to the 16th century. In the 18th and again in the 20th century, the script was standardized to include additional letters representing sounds specific to Pashto. Pashto does not have capital letters, but does use an adapted form of Western punctuation. Written Pashto has the following characteristics:
•It is read from right to left, except for numbers, which go from left to right.
•Pashto letters are distinguished by one, two, or three dots, which are placed above or below the letter - or, in some cases, by the lack of dots.
•As in English handwriting, most Pashto letters connect to those that follow them. However, some letters, called “non-connectors,” connect only to letters that precede them.
•When letters connect to a preceding letter, they often modify their shape, undergoing a reduction when the two are joined together.
•Some letters also modify their shape according to their position in a word - depending on whether they appear in initial, medial, or final position.
4
Pashto 2
• In standard written Pashto, the so-called "short vowels"—represented by diacritical marks—are usually omitted. The three “long vowels,” however—often appearing in transliteration as “aa,” “oo,” and “ee”—are separate letters and are written.
• The appearance of some letters may vary, depending on the choice of font.
The Pashto 2 Readings are based on the assumption that you have already done the Readings in Pashto I and are familiar with the sounds of the Pashto alphabet. A complete listing of the Pashto alphabet and the diacritics follows. This chart is for reference only, as all the information you need to do the readings is contained on the audio.
The Readings consist of twenty lessons that will provide practice reading words, phrases, and short sentences using familiar vocabulary as well as new vocabulary regarding useful topics such as food, colors, travel, shopping, communication, and more. Remember to always read aloud, as directed. The process of saying the words out loud will reinforce your Pashto language acquisition. Translations are provided, but we recommend that you wait to read them until after you’ve read the items, sounding them out. In these reading lessons, the “short vowel” diacritics will be included for unfamiliar words.
5
Pashto 2
The twenty Pashto reading lessons are recorded at the end of the program. Feel free to repeat the reading lessons as often as necessary for practice with the Pashto alphabet and the sounds the letters represent.
6
Pashto 2
6
Isolated End Middle Beginning Name Spelling
آ ,ا ا ا ا alef الف
ب ـب بـ ـبـ be بې
پ ـپ ـپـ پـ pe پې
ت ـت te تـ ـتـ تې
ټ ـټ � � tte
ث ـث ـثـ ثـ Se ثـې
ج ـج ـجـ جـ jeem جيم
ځ � � � zeem or Ze �يم
چ ـچ ـچـ چـ Che چـې
څ � � � seem or se or ce �يم
ح ـح ـحـ حـ he حـې
خ ـخ ـخـ خـ khe خـې
د ـد د د dal دال
alpha chart tte page 6
ېـ!alpha chart kheen page 7 of alphabet chart
ين$
Pashto Alphabet Chart
7
Pashto 2
7
Isolated End Middle Beginning Name Spelling
ډ ـډ ډ ډ ddal ډال
ذ ـذ ذ ذ Zaal ذال
ر ر ـر ر re رې
ړ ړ ـړ ړ rhe ړې
ز ز ـز ز zhe زی
ژ ـژ ژ ژ zze زی
ږ ږ ـږ ږ ge ږې
س سـ ـسـ ـس seen سین
ش شـ ـشـ ـش sheen شین
ښ � ـښ � kheen شین
ص صـ ـصـ ـص swat صات
ض ـضـ ـض ضـ zwat ضات
ط ـطـ ـط twe طـ طوې
alpha chart tte page 6
ېـ!alpha chart kheen page 7 of alphabet chart
ين$
8
Pashto 2
8
Isolated End Middle Beginning Name Spelling
ظ ـظ ـظـ ظـ zwe ظوې
ع ـع ـعـ عـ ain عين
غ ـغ ـغـ غـ ghain غين
ف ـف ـفـ فـ fe فـې
ق ـق ـقـ قـ qaf قاف
� � ـكـ كـ kaf کاف
ګ � gaf !فا
ل ـل ـلـ لـ lam لام
م ـم ـمـ مـ meem or miim ميم
ن ـن ـنـ نـ noon نون
ڼ � � � noorh نوڼ
ه ـه ه هـhe or
rounded he
هې
و ـو و و waw واو
alpha chart gaf page 8
gaf beginning:
ـ&gaf middle
ـ'ـalpha chart gaf page 8
gaf beginning:
ـ&gaf middle
ـ'ـ
9
Pashto 2
9
Isolated End Middle Beginning Name Spelling
ي ي ـيـ يـ strong ye سخته یی
ی ـی ی ی ye ییې ې ې ې soft ye پسته یی
ۍ ۍ feminine ye
ئ ئ verbal ye ړواله یی
ۀ ۀ he-hamza هې حمزه
ؤ ؤ ؤ ؤ * waw-hamza واو حمزه
* the waw-hamza is not always counted as a separate letter.
alpha chart feminine ye page 9
یی هني)$Lesson 13 page 24
#11
يها&ا
10
Pashto 2
10
Diacritic Name Spelling
zwar (above letter) زور
zer (below letter) زیر
pekh (above letter) �ښ
mad (only above initial alef) مد
hamza (only in combination with waw and he) حمزه
There is another diacritic, called zwarakay, which is rarely used in Pakhto. It is shown as a horizontal line above a consonant and makes a schwa sound.
In Pashto there is a special letter combination,لا, called lam alef la, which represents the letter lam followed by alef.
Diacrititcs
11
Pashto 2
11
Pashto 2
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.7
.8
.9
.10
.11
.12
.13
.14
.15
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.17
.18
.19
.20
Lesson One
Lesson One
12/20/11 lh
1.!"#
2.$%&
3.$'()!"#
4.*+,-.
5./0
6.12%%&
7.*+,-3"#
8.$)4
9./5"6
10.$%& 7"8&
Lesson One
12/20/11 lh
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16.12%=!"#
17.;38)
18.$%!"#
19.>"?.
20.*+,-. %'@A
12
Pashto 2
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Lesson One Translations
eight
one
three thousand
fourteen
eleven
seventeen
four
twelve
nine
twenty-five
ten
two
thirteen
five
twenty
seven
fifteen
three
six
two hundred
13
Pashto 2Lesson Two
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
.10
Lesson Two
12/20/11 lh
1.!" #$% &' ()*% +,.
2.!" -.+/, &' $012 3(4 56467 +,.
3.8$9 1:64;< =06> ?@.
4.? =6A-B $012 3(4 (C +,.
5.!" ?.+D6*E" 8F &9G H6" I2.
6.8$9 +G+G J" !" 1' D*E" G-I%.
7.8F !" K9GD*E" G-LM2.
8.8F J" ? !6*NO*E' !" +G6P !" G.=QR I2.
9.8F ? S.TU' !" +G6P &9G V" &07.
10.!" D*E" $WXY*Z ?@.
14
Pashto 2
.11
.12
.13
.14
.15
.16
.17
.18
.19
.20
Lesson Two
12/20/11 lh
11.!" ([ D6*E" J" 8F $6M\4, 164F ;]^_ &07.
12.8$9 =0G !64.++B $91:6`]a G-LM".
13.Va 16b64 $9 -=E9G +-=]cd".
14.J]\9F H6" J" 8F G(cd.0G-B H6" I2.
15.1E9 G.=Qd% ?F.
16.!" e0 f6gd0 &' J" 8F !" G.=QR I2.
17.(0 &9_ 3(4 +6=R ?@.
18.Va ? e" +G6P ?Fh
19.Va $9i97 J" ?.+&9V.0V" =jk +,.
20.16E9 8$9 K9 164F VYX" ?F.
15
Pashto 2Lesson Two Translations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
In the winter it is cold.
In the summer the weather is very hot.
I like the spring.
The fall weather is very cool.
On Monday I go to work.
My brother will come on Tuesday.
I came on Wednesday.
I will go on vacation on Thursday.
I do not work on Friday.
There’s a meeting on Saturday.
On Sunday I will meet with a friend.
My sister came yesterday afternoon.
This morning I bought a newspaper.
Tonight I will go to a restaurant.
Tomorrow is a holiday.
In a few weeks I will go on vacation.
A year is a long time.
What day is today?
The shops are open this evening.
I have an appointment tomorrow morning with someone.
16
Pashto 2Lesson Three
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
.10
Lesson Three
12/20/11 lh
1.!" #$%" &'()* +,-. #'* /0123.
2.!" 045 6* -789: +; 04<8$=>.
3.?7 !@, +7/'AB 6* +,-. +; 04<8$=C.
4.!@, D7 ?7/ 0< D7 </</ EC.
5.!@, </</ F7G EH.
6.!@, ?7/ <'I" E".
7.!@, E </</ E<" @,J7@,K EC.
8.E &'L* D7 !<G 0< D7 F47/ E".
9.8M, -* !" 8'7E" #'* N3.
10.!" -* -,!0/ #'* N3.
17
Pashto 2
.11
.12
.13
.14
.15
.16
.17
.18
.19
.20
Lesson Three
12/20/11 lh
11.NO* P; !" D7 #4(* 0?$Q). 170I>.
12.D7" #4(* ?R2; ST; 0< F47/ #'*.
13.!" -* E<" E4<8U,F47A* 0?23.
14.847/ E4<8U,V ?R2; ST; #'* 0< …
15.E' 08U,AW /'AX E4<8U,V F47/ E 6,/".
16.0< @4UOYZ* E" P; D7 +Y),[ E 0\L,AYQ),K -,/" +;.
17./4<8)* -* A: !" 6* ?$M% 6,5 +; ]4<]^ ?7/>.
18.!" -* &'2)* ?R. @'2_%C 8'%" F$`V +7>.
19.!" -* &'2)* 64ab ?7/>.
20.0\L,Ac ?7'/0d ]D% S* EH.
18
Pashto 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Lesson Three Translations
I came to Kabul last week.
I live in Boston now.
But my family lives in Kabul.
I have a sister and a brother.
My brother is older.
My sister is younger.
My brother has two children.
He has one son and one daughter.
Tomorrow I will go shopping.
I will go to the bazaar ...
because I want to buy a gift.
A gift for my wife and my daughter.
I will buy two scarves.
A red scarf for my wife and ...
the blue scarf for my daughter.
And maybe a book about Afghanistan.
Later today I will eat at the Khyber Pass.
I will see my friend there.
I will eat polao there.
Afghan food is very good.
19
Pashto 2Lesson Four
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
.10
Lesson Four
12/20/11 lh
1.!"#$ %&'%( )$*+,
2.-$./ 01 2 )$31 *4567&$*89 !:1 ;$<.
3.*4567&$*89 !:= >$ ?$*@ )AB 2C,
4.5$ -DE 2 2'F G6".$ 2 ?"*FH -4=:0".I.
5.JF 2 %'%( 2 ?"*F 'KL M$8NO ...
6.%'%( / '*5PQ/ 8RSH
7.T:=U / M$8 / R:V''*C / -:WXH
8.Y=&''Z/ #:[E\/ #:A2H
9.-"#71 / G&].
10.JF M$8NO TQ G"*!D^_ -"*GD` ...
20
Pashto 2
.11
.12
.13
.14
.15
.16
.17
.18
.19
.20
Lesson Four
12/20/11 lh
11.!:1 aN 3b 8' #[E\ '8)cb.
12.-4=0".IH 28 *8Gd ...
13.?S / 0&$*FH
14.-"ef1 / -4=4g.
15.GDh )$&i 2C.
16.-4=4g 3^1 '\.
17.-:^jF #=F '\.
18.T"5Q R:=O 2C.
19.GDA J5jF '\.
20.28 %5= -E5k8* '&'.
21
Pashto 2Lesson Four Translations
1.
2.3.4.5.
6.7.8.9.
10.11.
12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.
Would you take some food? (Literally, “You food eat?”)We will go to The Khosha Restaurant.The restaurant is open until how long?A table for two people, please.I’d like to order ... (Literally, “I want to tell for food ...”)bread / rice / eggs,chicken / beef / lamb / fish,fruit / vegetables / salad,yogurt / cheese.I’m going to Kartenow Market ...to go to buy vegetables. (I’m going to go to Kartenow Market to buy vegetables.)Please give me this …milk / sugar,salt / pepper.The cake is sweet.The pepper is green.The apple is red.The tea is hot.The banana is yellow.It was delicious.
22
Pashto 2
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
.10
Lesson Five
Lesson Five
12/20/11 lh
1.!" #$ %&$' ($)*#+ ,&- .&/001 2&/3.
2.45*4$ 6 ($)*#+ %78/9- 6:;
3.!(* ($)*#+ 0<= >&$: 6:.
4.!" #$ ?@A@B$C D&$&E F$GH3.
5.!(* ($)*#+ I&/GJ 6:.
6.45*4$ 6 D$< 9- %78/ 6:;
7.!" IK+ ($)*#+ L*<M D$E F$GH3.
8.6 G0G! (@+
9.,*4$ (@NOP Q/#R$6";
10.,*4$ 4&/" D7K@$?/ >5-;
23
Pashto 2
.11
.12
.13
.14
.15
.16
.17
.18
.19
.20
Lesson Five
12/20/11 lh
11.!" IK+ 2@S ?*T D&UOVW D$E F$GH3.
12.GO%X/%OW I&/GJ 6:.
13.!" GO%X/%OW ,&- 9&UY- ZH >[;
14.45*4$ GO#7@+ 9- 6:;
15.!" IK+ GO#7@+ D&5+ F$GH3.
16.!(* GO#7@+ D\ (@NOP <GFA] 6:.
17.!" #$ GO#7@+ 2@^E F$GH3.
18.0O#_ 4*`W/ GC Za
19.6 GO%X/%OW D@B] L@/,- 6";
20.Q- (b- ($ c&-. Gd& Q- G(*C.
24
Pashto 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Lesson Five Translations
I have need of a new cell phone.
What is your cell phone number?
I lost my cell phone.
I want to make a phone call.
My cell phone is not working.
What is your home phone number?
I need to charge my cell phone.
voice mail
Did you leave a message?
Do you have a computer?
I want to connect my laptop.
The internet is not working.
How do I get on the internet?
Do you have email?
I want to check my email.
An email message has come.
I want to send an email.
website / online
Where is an internet cafe?
Have a good one. Goodbye.
25
Pashto 2
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
.10
Lesson Six
Lesson Six
12/20/11 lh
1.!"# "$%& '($) *+.
2."$,- ./#*0 '12 ,3 4($5.
3.%6789 / :;< / %&=>
4.%6789 :3 ?/&'3 ./@A 49B
5.!0 :3 :#!A) ';3 '1C D$AEF.
6.G6&A=3 H$"&0 *0B
7.:;< :3 G;13 I9B
8..3 ";J3 "$ !"#!
9.* K$43 )=8L($)AM ?/&'3 *+B
10.N9 O;&;P ';3 '#Q 4R.
26
Pashto 2
.11
.12
.13
.14
.15
.16
.17
.18
.19
.20
Lesson Six
12/20/11 lh
11.S/@0 TE 4R A5 ...
12.U;V3 SW/> 'XY/&...
13.S;&0 Z< O;&;P ';3 '#Q 4R.
14.!0 .6[$) ';3 .3 \6]#! G^ I_.
15.U;$A=9 `;Z& ?/&'3 *+B
16.SL#S$ abcd .3 H3 5;Ke *+B
17.abcd ,#5;KL3 4$.
18.!0 A6=& .$)f ';3 '1C D$AEF ...
19.*)g S;#hL3 "J7^.
20."# S;&0 *50 S($f G/83 *i.
27
Pashto 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Lesson Six Translations
My car is black.
We cannot go on foot.
taxi / bus / train
Where can I find a taxi?
I want to go to the bazaar.
How much is the fare?
When will the bus leave?
Have a safe trip!
Where is the Khosha Restaurant?
Turn to the right.
Go straight ahead and ...
at the white building ...
turn to the left.
I am going to Peshawar by plane.
Where is the airport?
At what time is your flight?
The flight is late.
I want to go to the airport ...
three hours early.
I have two suitcases.
28
Pashto 2Lesson Seven
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
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.7
.8
.9
.10
Lesson Seven
12/20/11 lh
1.!"#$ %& '()& *+,
2.!"#$ %& -& *+.
3../ 0123 -4156& *789 :3.
4.."87 ;<8=>?+.
5.@#A4B C>/ :D.
6.0123 E82!F :3.
7.0123 GHIJF :3.
8.K3 %& L!M" N8& O$.
9.K!4 : @H*P+ !"#$ G"Q :D.
10../ %& %47@B R>?D.
29
Pashto 2
.11
.12
.13
.14
.15
.16
.17
.18
.19
.20
Lesson Seven
12/20/11 lh
11../ *71S :3.
12.K3 %& !>"K1$ N8& O$.
13.K3 T862U N8& V82H**7W X82Y.
14.K!".? ;& R8ZF R[ 0123 1\(F *+.
15.K3 %& %4] N8& O$.
16../ *@*73 @H*C"3.
17../ 0123 8"@ @* 1\(F :3.
18.K3 1" E2Y R"_ N8& V82H**7W X82Y` ...
19.%H"a4B` 1" a";b` @* :#64.b.
20../ #M4 0123 1\(F :3.
30
Pashto 2Lesson Seven Translations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
How will the weather be?
The weather will be nice.
It’s a beautiful day today.
The sun is shining.
The sky is blue. (Can also be used to say, “It is not raining.”)
It’s very hot.
It’s very humid.
I will go swimming.
I like the summer weather.
Today it will rain.
Today is cloudy.
I will go to the museum.
I need an umbrella.
It’s very cold in our village.
I will go to the park.
Today it snowed.
It’s very windy and cold.
I need a warm coat, ...
boots, a hat, and gloves.
These days it’s very cold.
31
Pashto 2
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
.10
Lesson Eight
Lesson Eight
12/20/11 lh
1.!"#!$ %&$' () *+,
2.-.# %&$' /.#0 *+.
3.1#!$ * 2$' 3#4 56,
4.-.# .$7 /8 9:7 9) 2#;< 2= /&8!>?@.
5.-.$%? 5$ -84 /8 A&$7 *B.
6.!"#!$ 8787 C>D1E) 2#7 2$@,
7.-.# 8787 9) 7&8F"&$0 2= 2#7 2E$@.
8.-.# G$7 9) 9HI$7 2= /&8!>?@.
9.-.# *1D&87 -84 J/2KD *+.
10.-.# 1DB /8 -.# 1D&87...
32
Pashto 2
.11
.12
.13
.14
.15
.16
.17
.18
.19
.20
Lesson Eight
12/20/11 lh
11.;) 7/1L&$%M= NEO") 9) CEMED 7/3P.
12.-.# 87/7B 9) /.D5M# 2= !EQR 8/5P.
13.-.# G$7-B 9) 2$7 2= /&8!>?@.
14.-.# G$/S= /8 ...
15.-.# !TED 9) U:V /;#* 2= /&8!>?@.
16.-.# /8SW 9) 2#AHX 2= 2#7 2$@.
17.-.# S>YP -.# * SZ= %) 2[DB *B.
18.-.# G#\%] 9) 2#7 *+.
19.-.# %>M) /8 %>#B ...
20.-.# .$7 9:7 !EDB /&8!>?@.
33
Pashto 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Lesson Eight Translations
What is your name?
My name is Aman.
Where do you come from?
My mother and father live in Kabul.
We have a son and daughter.
Where does your brother work?
My brother works at the hospital.
My sister lives in Peshawar.
My uncle’s son is a doctor.
My uncle and my aunt ...
will visit next week.
My nephew studies in America.
My niece lives at home.
My mother-in-law and ...
my father-in-law live in Jalalabad.
My brother-in-law works at the college.
My sister-in-law is younger than my wife.
My husband is at work.
My grandmother and grandfather ...
live with my parents.
34
Pashto 2
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
.10
Lesson Nine
Lesson Nine
12/20/11 lh
1.!"#$%&"'&( )*+ ,' -'./ 012 !3!
2.!"#$%&"'&( 4( -( &*5( 4*67 0189:3 ...
3.;# ! <%=%> -( ?@*: 4*67 4( 4ABC:3.
4.$D( $D( !"#$%&"'&( ! E*+<7 F#FG )*( 4*ABC:3.
5.HI J*5+ -( ?@*: 4*67 -%J9:>.
6.HI ! ?@7 -( K*L 4*67 0'M )*( NO.
7.HI ! J*5+ &*5( 4*6' &*( )*+ <%=%> ...
8.-9AP( 4*6' -'./ $%. $'>.
9.HI !#K*L 4*67 ! E*+<7 F"#FG 0'.*>.
10.)%J' <QD"'<%R K*+S" ,( #*0T !U!
35
Pashto 2Lesson Nine
12/20/11 lh
11.;"##I &9V7 4*67 !3.
12.<9'HCO 4( -( CWK*L 4*67 0189:3.
13.&'*. 4( -( ;)( 4*67 -+C'H3.
14.&'*. 4( J*5+ -( -9AP( 4*67 .;096X.
15.H<% ! K9B# ! -%.I &YZ( !I ...
16.F;$Z+ J*+I -( -%[ $O !#I 4*67.
17.<9ZYA\ ,( #*0T !U!
18.! ?@: 4*6' &( )*+ ;)( 4*6'.
19.)%J' E';]G ^7 ! <%=%> F#FG -( ?@: 4*67
;"#0'."#!
Lesson Nine
12/20/11 lh
20.&*(" -( ;"##I 4*67 4( ,A_( #3!
Lesson Nine
12/20/11 lh
11.;"##I &9V7 4*67 !3.
12.<9'HCO 4( -( CWK*L 4*67 0189:3.
13.&'*. 4( -( ;)( 4*67 -+C'H3.
14.&'*. 4( J*5+ -( -9AP( 4*67 .;096X.
15.H<% ! K9B# ! -%.I &YZ( !I ...
16.F;$Z+ J*+I -( -%[ $O !#I 4*67.
17.<9ZYA\ ,( #*0T !U!
18.! ?@: 4*6' &( )*+ ;)( 4*6'.
19.)%J' E';]G ^7 ! <%=%> F#FG -( ?@: 4*67
;"#0'."#!
.11
.12
.13
.14
.15
.16
.17
.18
.19
.20
36
Pashto 2Lesson Nine Translations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
The shops are open until how long?
The shops will open at nine o’clock ...
and close at six o’clock in the evening.
Sometimes they close for lunch.
I wake up at six o’clock in the morning.
I go to sleep at ten o’clock at night.
I from morning nine until evening ...
five o’clock work. (I work from nine in the morning until five o’clock in the evening.)
I have lunch at twelve o’clock.
Do you know what time it is?
It’s half past seven o’clock.
The museum will open at eleven o’clock.
Sunset is at half past eight o’clock.
Sunrise is at half past five o’clock in morning.
I have an appointment to see ...
the doctor at quarter past two o’clock.
What time is the meeting?
From six o’clock until eight o’clock.
Do you want to have dinner at six o’clock?
No, how about seven o’clock?
37
Pashto 2
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
.10
Lesson Ten
Lesson Ten
12/20/11
1.!"#
2.$%&'(
3.$)*
4.+,-./
5.0 !1'23 $456
6.7,8%496
7.:",;(
8.<)&=
9.0)->?@A
10.$)B$(
38
Pashto 2
.11
.12
.13
.14
.15
.16
.17
.18
.19
.20
Lesson Ten
12/20/11
11.C%DE F,96
12.8)G)&
13.0)9)H6
14.I)J6 $4- 0KL
15.M4!&A F)NO 0);26 ?%>'"PQL
16.!R&)8,9S T$(U $"HV.
17.@!49P MN4- 7,8%4>96 :W,- 0Q.
18.9J)&K :6 +,-XS $3 0K.
19.!R&8,9S T$VU 0)->?@A 8)HYR $V.
20.!R&8,9S T$VU $B)$( 8)HY $V.
39
Pashto 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Lesson Ten Translations
table
chairs
bed
kitchen
bedroom
plates
cup
floor
door
window
bathroom
outside
inside
Is he at home?
How many people live here?
Please do, sit.
We need four plates.
The stove is in the kitchen.
Please do, close the door.
Please do, close the window.
40
Pashto 2
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
.10
Lesson Eleven
Lesson Eleven
12/20/11
1.!"#$
2.%&'()
3.*+,(- . %&'() "/0 !"#$ .1.
4.)2334,0
5.5/60 . *() "0 )2334,0 ...
6.73278 %23&9/:;.
7.</=>?
8.5/60 4>29@ A/0 . A/B "0 ...
9.</=>? "(C,0 %23&9/:;.
10.D/EFG
41
Pashto 2
.11
.12
.13
.14
.15
.16
.17
.18
.19
.20
Lesson Eleven
12/20/11
11.5/60 H0 *29I0 *? D/EJK.
12../3)%L
13.5/60 . <MN+OB .3)%L *? P($ I>K.
14.C(A/0
15.5/QR . *9) C(A0 .1.
16..% H0 H2S,9 *? .1.
17.</=(</T
18.U("R A/0 <=(<T
19.H0 !)
20.H0 !) 7VE FV(W XEVY+R %23.
42
Pashto 2Lesson Eleven Translations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
under
newspaper
The book is under the newspaper.
after
He after work ...
ate. (He ate after work.)
before
He school ...
before ate breakfast. (He ate breakfast before school.)
walks down
He walks down the street.
during
He drinks tea during the meeting.
behind
The boy is behind the house.
This is in Pashto.
front
in front of (the) bank
on the way
On the way there was a lot of traffic.
43
Pashto 2
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
.10
Lesson Twelve
Lesson Twelve
12/20/11
1.!"#$% $ &'(% )* ...
2.+'(,-. /-01* $23
3.+'(,456#7* 89*
4.&* ,':; ,< =>0 )* )* +'(,456#7* 89*.
5.)* /'>< :* /"01* ?@3
6.1'!# ,#AB>#B/'>< CDE3
7.F% :'FG( ,< C* GH-I9JK 8L3
8.1"M0>N'"O P"0 C* ...
9.QR 8"0ST
10.:"UVU6#?7*T
44
Pashto 2
.11
.12
.13
.14
.15
.16
.17
.18
.19
.20
Lesson Twelve
12/20/11
11.G? $6?!W'X6#7*.
12.1'!# 7"#@ G? F"GY% ...
13.,V9':6#7* P"L GH-I9K 8E.
14.F% C* ("7Z H#"(G[ GH-I9K 8"L3
15.&* )* +#!"L ,< 1'!# GH-I9K 8E ...
16.+'X5<T ,-J<T
17.G+#67*T
18.H"0:6#F\T G7]6#(T
19.^'F"(\T GX6#^'OT
20.:'$("7ZT G? 7#( =>0 P"0 C*.
45
Pashto 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Lesson Twelve Translations
Where is a good market ...
for shopping?
excellent markets
There are many very excellent markets in Kabul.
What is the best tea I can buy?
What kind of tea do you drink?
What can I buy at the bazaar?
Almost everything ...
t-shirts,
sweaters,
and scarves.
You new and old ...
books also can buy. (You can also buy new and old books.)
What kind of food can I buy?
In the right season you can buy ...
oranges, bananas,
mangoes,
canteloupe, grapes,
carrots, potatoes,
cucumbers, and more.
46
Pashto 2
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
.10
Lesson Thirteen
Lesson Thirteen
12/20/11
1.!" #$ %&'() $*+,'- ./$01.
2.#$ 23 4+56 789:;
3.#$ #<" =8/" $>?(@A 4+56 789:.
4.B3 CD<B/ %E #$ 23 4+56 789:;
5.F/ =- $< B8GH/I.
6.#$ JF9K !F(LE #:.
7.F/ =- $< #F9M $>?(@A N3 2GO3 <:;
8.@83P B3 #K @3 %+Q:.
9.#$ JF9 R3 %&'() #S.
10. B3 #K %E #<" =8/" <8C84E #:.
Lesson Thirteen
12/20/11
1.!" #$ %&'() $*+,'- ./$01.
2.#$ 23 4+56 789:;
3.#$ #<" =8/" $>?(@A 4+56 789:.
4.B3 CD<B/ %E #$ 23 4+56 789:;
5.F/ =- $< B8GH/I.
6.#$ JF9K !F(LE #:.
7.F/ =- $< #F9M $>?(@A N3 2GO3 <:;
8.@83P B3 #K @3 %+Q:.
9.#$ JF9 R3 %&'() #S.
10. B3 #K %E #<" =8/" <8C84E #:.
47
Pashto 2
.11
.12
.13
.14
.15
.16
.17
.18
.19
.20
Lesson Thirteen
12/20/11
11.T&9N(@U V%WP T( L83 #<" =8/" $>?(@A C$%W.
12.F/ =- $< BGH/I N3 2GO3 <:;
13.*/ B3 #K %&'() %E JF9...
14.XY,D/@3 #:.
15.T( L83 F/ =- $< $<F(" $>?(@A C$%W.
16.TD5Y&G3 #" ZE !" K $D<[/C81 ...
17.N- #D<%(\ %E.
18.N8] N+( T( L3 C$%W ...
19.F/ =- $< ^_+'3 $>?(@A.
20.!8" R3 #"P #$ <$*`W F/ =- $< ^_+'3 $>?(@A.
Lesson Thirteen
12/20/11
11.T&9N(@U V%WP T( L83 #<" =8/" $>?(@A C$%W.
12.F/ =- $< BGH/I N3 2GO3 <:;
13.*/ B3 #K %&'() %E JF9...
14.XY,D/@3 #:.
15.T( L83 F/ =- $< $<F(" $>?(@A C$%W.
16.TD5Y&G3 #" ZE !" K $D<[/C81 ...
17.N- #D<%(\ %E.
18.N8] N+( T( L3 C$%W ...
19.F/ =- $< ^_+'3 $>?(@A.
20.!8" R3 #"P #$ <$*`W F/ =- $< ^_+'3 $>?(@A.
Lesson Thirteen
12/20/11
11.T&9N(@U V%WP T( L83 #<" =8/" $>?(@A C$%W.
12.F/ =- $< BGH/I N3 2GO3 <:;
13.*/ B3 #K %&'() %E JF9...
14.XY,D/@3 #:.
15.T( L83 F/ =- $< $<F(" $>?(@A C$%W.
16.TD5Y&G3 #" ZE !" K $D<[/C81 ...
17.N- #D<%(\ %E.
18.N8] N+( T( L3 C$%W ...
19.F/ =- $< ^_+'3 $>?(@A.
20.!8" R3 #"P #$ <$*`W F/ =- $< ^_+'3 $>?(@A.
48
Pashto 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Lesson Thirteen Translations
I want to buy this book.
What price does this have?
This has a price of two hundred afghanis.
In rupees what price does this have?
One hundred and fifty.
That’s too much.
How about one hundred and thirty afghanis?
No, at this cannot be gotten.
This is a good book.
It has two hundred pages.
Please do give me two hundred afghanis.
How about one hundred and fifty?
But in the book many ...
pictures are. (But in the book are many pictures.)
Give me one hundred and seventy afghanis.
Maybe I will look ...
in another shop.
Then in that case, give me ...
One hundred and sixty afghanis.
All right, here are one hundred sixty afghanis.
49
Pashto 2
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
.10
Lesson Fourteen
Lesson Fourteen
12/20/11
1.!"#$
2.%& !"#$ '()*+ $,(-./ 012
3.%& 3$45) 6")& 7(89 :;$<=.
4.%>? @A5+ 4B 3C) !"D! !E.
5.6") !"D!
6.>")# 4B 6;"%E
7.! :?@F;G; !"D!
8.*H+
9.C"IJK
10.%F4?=
50
Pashto 2
.11
.12
.13
.14
.15
.16
.17
.18
.19
.20
Lesson Fourteen
12/20/11
11.6"? $,(-.; 4B *"LM(N
12.@A5+ 4B !"D!
13.%& D$O)C;"*"1
14.%& %",PK 0;=
15.DF#:.F;Q
16.'"RPB
17.*?6; %>? '"RPB 6?%#7/ 0S2
18.GTU!V DF#:.F;Q '")*+ !E2
19.$T>H;7TJW *"+ X(M(Y;Q Z4S[ >T)\?GK!
20.,"Y+ 4(]^ >+[ %& $F_ @+ C1.
51
Pashto 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Lesson Fourteen Translations
medicine
Where can I buy medicine?
I want to see a doctor.
I have a very bad stomachache.
headache
sore throat
toothache
fever
cold
cough
trouble breathing
pain in my chest
I fell
I hurt
hospital
glasses
Can you repair my glasses?
Where is the nearest hospital?
Call an ambulance, please!
Don’t worry, I feel fine now.
52
Pashto 2
52
Pashto 2Lesson Fifteen
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
.10
.11
.12
.13
.14
.15
.16
.17
.18
.19
.20
Lesson Fifteen
12/20/11 lh
1.!"#
2.$%&'((
3.)*+
4.,-
5../0+
6.(1234+
7.!4"#.5
8.6/&7
9.8/"9'((:+
10.;"#<
Lesson Fifteen
12/20/11 lh
11.((.+
12.=" )*5 .'/0+
13.&":>'/(?
14.6'/(:@7
15.;"A(":@
16.$'/2% BC
17.D"E F"/"C
18.;1GH'/!"/"C
19.I(J2@"C Lesson Fifteen
12/20/11 lh
20.F"4"K
53
Pashto 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Lesson Fifteen Translations
head
arm
leg (can also mean foot)
hand
finger
hair
eyes
nose
ears
neck
shoulder
toe
knee
heel
wrist
to smell
to touch
to feel
to hear
to see
54
Pashto 2Lesson Sixteen
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
.10
Lesson Sixteen
12/20/11 lh
1.!"#$%
2.&"'( )*$+ !"#$% ,-.)/0.
3.1"234.56
4.7" &"'( 1"234.56 ,)#89: ;"9<0 7=.
5.>8?@
6.7" &"'( >8?@ A8BC/( 7D.
7.)EFGH
8.)EFGH 7 I"2?"F@ >.J 7D.
9.1"<K"L
10.7" &"'( 1"<KL 1( )"2 7M.
55
Pashto 2
.11
.12
.13
.14
.15
.16
.17
.18
.19
.20
Lesson Sixteen
12/20/11 lh
11.N4.1"O"(
12.?E2"P89: Q!RS N4.1"O( 1( )"2 !R.
13.!.T
14.U@ !"V( B"WF: 5DS 9. XM !.T ,"U.Y.
15.5")Z[
16.X"\: &"VZ8] 5")ZO.59( ,U".D.
17.P"E
18.P"E 5,-.9_M.
19.3$V`/ P$a
20.P$a 3"( b"2455;"c 7=.
56
Pashto 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Lesson Sixteen Translations
shirt
He wore a white shirt.
pants
His pants are blue.
dress
Her dress is pretty.
sandal
The sandal is of leather.
turban
He wears a turban.
shawl
Please do, wear the shawl.
coat
When it’s cold, I wear a coat.
waistcoat
The youngsters wear waistcoats.
sweater
Wear a sweater.
bag
I need a bag.
57
Pashto 2
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
.10
Lesson Seventeen
Lesson Seventeen
12/20/11
1.!"#$%& '" (")
2.*+,+-
3.."/0"$12 / (34
4./567"8
5./$/*9:";
6.." $"<#"=# >"?@")
7.A9B/ $<#"="CD
8.$E*FEG@+<9D
9.="H?9I/ JEK+L"8
10.MEC"4
58
Pashto 2
.11
.12
.13
.14
.15
.16
.17
.18
.19
.20
Lesson Seventeen
12/20/11
11.*34
12.N9O $E-
13.>+0"6FD P9:";
14.A9B ="D 6"F"Q
15.,"R75#; ,S+T
16..$6EU&
17.VW $X5U5UY
18.M"),9Z"Q
19.P9Z["Q \E#]
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59
Pashto 2
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Lesson Seventeen Translations
airport
luggage
gate
departure
arrival
flight number
airline
counter
security
ticket
seat
check-in
to be delayed
boarding
duty-free
domestic
international
terminal
cancelled
customs
60
Pashto 2
60
Pashto 2Lesson Eighteen
.1
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Lesson Eighteen
12/20/11 lh
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12/20/11 lh
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61
Pashto 2
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Lesson Eighteen Translations
What do you want to buy?
aspirin
toothpaste
toothbrush
soap
bandages
comb
razor
shampoo
antiseptic
cologne
ointment
paper
pen
post card
stamps
ATM
gift / souvenir
post office
station
62
Pashto 2
.1
.2
.3
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.10
Lesson Nineteen
Lesson Nineteen
12/20/11
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63
Pashto 2
.11
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Lesson Nineteen
12/20/11
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64
Pashto 2
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Lesson Nineteen Translations
I am a student.
I go to college.
I study English (the subject) ...
chemistry
biology
history
languages
music
English (the language)
There are many students in my college.
Friday is a holiday.
We read many books.
We recite poetry.
Sometimes I ride a bicycle.
After school, I have to go to the post office.
Maybe one day ...
I will become be a teacher.
I will work at a bank,
in an office,
for the government.
65
Pashto 2
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Lesson Twenty
Lesson Twenty
12/20/11
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66
Pashto 2
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Lesson Twenty
12/20/11
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67
Pashto 2Lesson Twenty Translations
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4.
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How’s your family?
prosperous
healthy
May you be prosperous and healthy.
Happy New Year!
hospitality
Thanks for your hospitality.
I want to invite you for eating.
congratulations
wedding
Congratulations on your wedding!
Thank you for attending.
May you both have a prosperous life!
A gift for both of you!
mosque
Can I enter the mosque?
Now how is your mood?
Now I am fine, thanks.
Do you have any service for me? (respectful way to offer help or show concern)
No, thanks brother! May you be prosperous.
