pasivne hiše (učinkovita raba energije)

7/26/2019 Pasivne Hie (Uinkovita Raba Energije)

1/32

UM FAKULTETA ZA ENERGETIKO

PASIVNA HIASeminarska naloga

Prgomet Vedran

Seminarska naloga ri re!me"# U$inko%i"a ra&a energi'e( na "emo Pasi%na)i*a+


2/32

Uni%er,a % Mari&or#-Fak#l"e"a ,a energe"ikoAril( ./0.

VSE1INA

0+ ZGO2OVINA+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++.

.+ 2ELITEV O13EKTOV+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++.

.+0+ NIZKOENERGI3SKI O13EKTI++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++.

.+.+ PASIVNA HIA+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++.

.+4+ ENERGI3SKO VAR5NI O13EKTI++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++4

.+6+ ENERGI3SKO SPRE3EML3IVI O13EKTI+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++4

4+ IZRAZ PASIVNA HIA+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++6

6+ KRITERI3I IN NA5RTOVAN3E PASIVNE HIE+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++7

7+ LOKA8I3A9ORIENTA8I3A++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++:

:+ PRO3EKTIRAN3E IN IZVE21A++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++;

:+0+ O1LIKA HIE++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++0+ PRISILNO PREZRA5EVAN3E IN OGREVAN3E SVE?EGA ZRAKA S

TOPLOTO O2PA2NEGA ZRAKA

@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@++.

0


3/32


0+ZGO2OVINA

Kon=e" asi%ne )i*e 'e ra,%il !r+ olBgang Feis"( ki 'e % 2arms"a!"# % &liCiniFrankB#r"a le"a 0>>0 os"a%il ilo"ni o&'ek"+ Ta ro"o"i se 'e "ako i,ka,al( !a 'enas"al s"an!ar! asi%ni) )i*( ki se na "rg# o'a%l'a'o o! le"a 0>>


4/32


omeni ne!e'a%en( % rimer# )i*e la)ko &ol'e re$emo samo,a!os"en( "ore'

energi'sko neo!%isen+ To se%e!a ni $is"o res( sa' "#!i ,a ogon %en"ila"or'e%(

komresor'e% o,+ $ralk o"re'emo elek"ri$no energi'o+ Mora a asi%na

)i*a s)a'a"i &re, Bosilni) gori% in "o 'e "#!i eno"en ogo'( ki ga s"roka os"a%l'a

ri asi%ni gra!n'i+ Ar)i"ek"#ra asi%ne )i*e na' &i ,ago"a%l'ala #go!no

o&liko%no *"e%ilo ko=ka( s"ene( s"re)a in "emel'na lo*$a mora'o &i"i izdatno

toplotno i,olirane+ Uora&l'a'o se rak"i$no na'%e$'e !e&eline "olo"ni) i,ola=i'(

nr+ .6 =m na Basa!i( ./ =m na "le) in 47 =m % s"re)i+ Okna so s"rogo ra%ilno

orien"irana in %isoke k%ali"e"e , %re!nos"'o U /(< 9m.K+ 2o%ol'eno

re,ra$e%an'e o&'ek"a 'e ,gol' reko rek#era"or'a+ Ogre%an'e se %r*i ni,ko

"emera"#rno "alno( s"ensko ali reko rek#era"or'a , %irom "olo"ne

$ralke+ ReCim o&ra"o%an'a )i*e 'e "o$no !olo$en+ 1i%an'ske na%a!e moramo

% !olo$eni meri rilago!i"i o&'ek"# in n'ego%em# sis"em#+

.+4+ ENERGI3SKO VAR5NI O13EKTI"eore"i$no i,ra$#nana ora&a me! 4/ in :/ k)9m.a

To so o&'ek"i , na'%e$'o #ora&no %re!nos"'o( ki , #o*"e%an'em ra%ilne

i,%e!&e osno%ni) !e"a'lo% !el#'e'o oolnoma &re, energe"ski) "eCa%+ La)ko

so ,gra'eni ,elo ekonomi$no( sa' neka' !o!a"ni) =en"ime"ro% ri i,ola=i'ski)

ma"eriali) in%es"i=i'sko ne omeni rak"i$no ni$esar+ Gre "ore' ,gol' ,a !olo$en

ni%o ,a%e!an'a( #s"re,ni) ar)i"ek"#rni) re*i"e%( gra!&eno D,ikalnega(

s"ro'nega in slo*nega ,nan'a+ 1i%an'e % "aki) o&'ek"i) 'e neome'eno( sa' 'e

e!ino ra%ilo )i"ro in in"en,i%no ,ra$en'e % ,imskem $as#+ Ti o&'ek"i namre$

o&i$a'no *e nima'o kon"roliranega re,ra$e%an'a( ima'o a sis"em son$ni)

kolek"or'e% ,a rira%o "ole %o!e+ Pora&a energi'e ,a ogre%an'e 'e ,merna

o,+ ni,ka( $e ,ago"o%imo so!n'o ora&o+

.+6+ ENERGI3SKO SPRE3EML3IVI O13EKTI"eore"i$no i,ra$#nana ora&a me! :/ in >/ k)9m.a

Ti o&'ek"i ,a!o*$a'o minimalnim ogo'em !olo$enim % ra%ilnik# "ren#"no i,

le"a .//.+ To so % gla%nem o&'ek"i gra'eni ,a "rg o,+ ,a ro!a'o( ka"eri)

namen 'e $im &ol'e ,asl#Ci"i+ K%ali"e"a o&'ek"a 'e sk#a' , %gra'enimi

i,ola=i'skimi ma"eriali in os"alo energe"sko oremo na me'i sre'eml'i%ega+

4


5/32


1i%an'ske na%a!e niso omem&ne+ O&i$a'no se o'a%l'a'o "eCa%e s "olo"nimi

mos"o%i kon!en,a=i'a( lesen( ,ra$en'e 'e nara%no , o!iran'em oken in

o&i$a'no gle!e na ogo'e !el#'e ne,a!os"no+ Ra$#ni ,a ogre%an'e in )la'en'e

so %isoki+

4+IZRAZ PASIVNA HIAPasi%na )i*a 'e ,gra!&a i,!elana o ISO ;;4/( ka"ere "ermi$no #go!'e la)ko

o ogre%an'# o,iroma o)la'e%an'#( sama ,ago"a%l'a re"ok o"re&nega

s%eCega ,raka 2IN 0>6:+ S%eCi ,rak la)ko ,ago"a%l'a Ce samo s re"okom

o&"o$nega ,raka+

Tolo"ne i,g#&e ri asi%ni )i*i so "ako ni,ke( !a kak*nega !o!a"nega

ogre%an'a ne o"re'emo+ To omeni( !a % ,imskem o&!o&'# o,iroma sko,i

ole"'e ne o"re'emo ogre%alnega ali klima"ske nara%e+

I,ra, asi%na )i*a Passi%)a#s % nem*kem 'e,ik#( se nana*a na s"roge(ros"o%ol'ne( s"an!ar!easi%ne )i*e ,a energe"sko #$inko%i"os" s"a%&( =il' 'e

,man'*a"i s%o' ekolo*ki o!"is+ Posle!i=a 'e i,'emno ma')na ora&a energi'e(

asi%na )i*a o"re'e malo energi'e ,a ogre%an'eali )la'en'e+ Po!o&en

s"an!ar!( JMINERGIE-P( ki se #ora&l'a % %i=is"an!ar! se ne ome'#'e le na

s"ano%an'ske neremi$nine %e$'e *"e%ilo oslo%ni)

s"a%&( *ol( %r"=e%in s#ermarke"o%'e ra% "ako ,gra'eno o s"an!ar!#+

Pasi%ni !i,a'n ni riloga ali !o!a"ek ar)i"ek"#rnega ro'ek"iran'a( "em%e$

in"egriran ro=esna$r"o%an'a , ar)i"ek"#rno ,asno%o+ 5era% se %e$inoma

#ora&l'a ,a no%e ,gra!&e( 'e &il ra% "ako #ora&l'en ,a rena%l'an'e+

O=ene o *"e%il#s"a%&( asi%ne )i*e o %sem s%e"# o& kon=# le"a .//

Slika 7 las"i i,ola=i'e
http://sl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stena&action=edit&redlink=1http://sl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Streha&action=edit&redlink=1http://sl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tla&action=edit&redlink=1http://sl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stavba&action=edit&redlink=1http://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialhttp://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosthttp://sl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stena&action=edit&redlink=1http://sl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Streha&action=edit&redlink=1http://sl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tla&action=edit&redlink=1http://sl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stavba&action=edit&redlink=1http://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materialhttp://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most


11/32


Poman'kl'i%os"( ki i,)a'a i,!e&elinei,ola=i'e,i!#'e "a( !a se

,#nan'e !imen,i'es"a%&e o%e$a'o( no"ran'e o%r*ine

o&'ek"a a se na ra$#n asi%ne gra!n'e ,man'*a'o %

rimer'a%i s "ra!i=ionalno gra!n'o+

Na %e!skem Celi'o !ose$i "ake s"an!ar!e asi%ne )i*e( !a &i o&

!e&elini i,ola=i'e s"ene 447 mm imela le "a U-%re!nos" /(0/

9 m+ K+ O& !e&elini i,ola=i'e s"re)e7// mm a &i le

"a imela U-%re!nos" /(/:: 9 m+ K+

2e&elina "olo"ne i,ola=i'e 'e o!%isna o! gra!i%a in ses"a%e

s"ene "er ,na*a .76/ =m %$asi) "#!i %e$+ Ko""olo"noi,ola"i%na gra!i%a so ri asi%ni )i*irimerna %sa o&s"o'e$a "o%rs"na gra!i%a #me"naanorganska in organska "er nara%na+ O! #me"ni)anorganski) gra!i% so rimerne mineralne %olne(en'eno s"eklo+ O! #me"ni) organski) "olo"no-i,ola"i%ni) gra!i% se na'%e$ #ora&l'a'o eksan!irani in eks"r#!iraniolis"iren( en'eni olie"ilen in en'eni oli#re"an+ V ,a!n'i) le"i) se names"o#me"ni) gra!i% #ora&l'a'o nara%na "olo"noi,ola=i'ska gra!i%a ko" so=el#lo,na %lakna( lesna %lakna( kokoso%a %lakna( lan( konol'a( o%$'a %olna(l#"a @ in "#!i slama+ Tolo"na i,ola"i%nos" %e$ine omen'eni) gra!i% ra,enslame 'e ri&liCno enaka+

Slika : Vgra'e%an'e "olo"ne i,ola=i'e i, slame % la)kos"ensko kons"r#k=i'o i, lesa s"enski elemen"i so &ili i,!elani % "o%arni

0/
http://sl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Debelina&action=edit&redlink=1http://sl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Debelina&action=edit&redlink=1http://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izolacijahttp://sl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zid&action=edit&redlink=1http://sl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deimezija&action=edit&redlink=1http://sl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Debelina&action=edit&redlink=1http://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izolacijahttp://sl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zid&action=edit&redlink=1http://sl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deimezija&action=edit&redlink=1


12/32


Za %gra'e%an'e "olo"ne i,ola=i'e se ri asi%ni) )i*a) #ora&l'a'o o!o&nina$ini ko" ri o&i$a'ni) ,gra!&a)( %en!ar so ,ara!i !e&ele'*e las"i "olo"nei,ola=i'e nekoliko rire'eni+ Pri"r'e%an'e se i,%a'a , lel'en'em( si!ran'em(

Ce&l'an'em( %i'a$en'em( %gra'e%an'em s omoCnimi le"%i=ami ali %i)o%an'em+I,&or "olo"ne i,ola=i'e 'e % r%i %rs"i o!%isen o! nosilne kons"r#k=i'e+ Namasi%no s"eno se "olo"noi,ola=i'ske lo*$e ali lamele lei'o( si!ra'o( Ce&l'a'oi"!+ Pri la)ki) kons"r#k=i'a) 'e mogo$e "olo"no i,ola=i'o =el#lo,ne in lesnekosmi$e( o%$'o %olno( konol'o "#!i %i)o%a"i me! nosilne elemen"e+ Na "ana$in "olo"na i,ola=i'a !o&ro ,aolni ros"or( ri "em a ni *ran'( sko,ika"ere &i #)a'ala "olo"a+ Me)ke'*e "olo"ne i,ola=i'e o"re'e'o ,ari"r'e%an'e o! kons"r#k=i'o+ Tolo"ne i,ola=i'e se me! se&o' ra,lik#'e'o "#!io =eni in ekolo*ki komonen"i+ Kon=e" asi%ne )i*e Ce % i,)o!i*$# omeni"#!i ri'a,en o!nos !o okol'a+ Pri i,&or# gra!i% 'e "re&a #o*"e%a"i( !a so "i

nara%ni( roi,%e!eni , minimalno koli$ino %gra!ne energi'e in nima'onega"i%ni) %li%o% na $lo%eka in okol'e % =elo"nem Ci%l'en'skem =ikl#s#( kio&sega roi,%o!n'o( %gra!n'o( #ora&o in o!s"rani"e%+

:+4+ TOPLOTNI OVO3 IN RAZPORE2ITEV PROSTOROV

Tolo"ne i,g#&e sko,i s"eno so "em %e$'e( $im %e$'a 'e "emera"#rna ra,lika

me! o&ema o%r*inama+ Za ,man'*an'e "olo"ni) i,g#& % ,gra!&i 'e smiselnona se%erni s"rani( k'er 'e "emera"#ra na ,#nan'i s"eni na'niC'a( re!%i!e"i

ros"ore , niC'o "emera"#ro nr+ s"oni*$e( s)ram&o in !r#ge omoCne

ros"ore+ Na '#Cno Basa!o me'i'o !ne%ni ros"ori( ki ,a)"e%a'o %i*'e

"emera"#re in se !ogre%a'o s son$no energi'o+ ?e % Ba,i na$r"o%an'a mora &i"i

re!%i!eno( kak*en "emera"#rni reCim &o % kle"i+ 5e 'e kle" ,no"ra'

"olo"nega o%o'a ,gra!&e( o"em mora &i"i %es $as ogre%ana in !o&ro

i,olirana+ 5e a 'e neogre%ana( mora &i"i ,#na' "olo"nega o%o'a ,gra!&e+ V

"em rimer# mora &i"i ri"li$'e na! kle"'o % =elo"i #s"re,no i,olirano "#!i o!nosilno s"eno+ TeCa%a so s"oni=e( k'er 'e "re&a re!%i!e"i sis"em rekini"%e

00


13/32


"olo"nega mos"# in "olo"noi,ola=i'ska %ra"a+ Enos"a%ne'*a 'e re*i"e% ,

,#nan'im !os"oom !o kle"i+ Z#na' "olo"nega o%o'a so la)ko "#!i s"oni*$a in

)o!niki( *e ose&e' ri %e$s"ano%an'ski) o&'ek"i)( k'er si=er re!s"a%l'a'o %elik

!el %ol#mna o&'ek"a+

:+6+ STENSKE KONSTRUK8I3E PASIVNIH HI

Za asi%ne )i*e 'e rimerna %e$ina gra!&eni) "e)nologi'+ Uora&l'a'o se

masi%ne in la)ke kons"r#k=i'e+ I,&ira 'e o!%isna o! ose&ne naklon'enos"i

in%es"i"or'a in %e$inoma o! =ene+ Enake re,#l"a"e 'e mogo$e !ose$i ,

masi%nimi in la)kimi kons"r#k=i'ami( ra% "ako "#!i , ra,li$nimi gra!i%i+

Velikokra" 'e o!lo$ilno ,nan'e ro'ek"an"o% in i,%a'al=e% !elo 'e moCno

#$inko%i"e'e ora%i"i , ma"eriali in os"oki( ki so 'i) Ce %a'eni+ O%o' asi%ne

)i*e ima !o&re "olo"noi,ola=i'ske las"nos"i %si gra!&eni elemen"i mora'o

ime"i Bak"or "olo"ne re)o!nos"i U

/(07 9m.K( ri eno!r#Cinski) )i*a)

0.

Slika ; Vrs"na )i*a % 2rams"a!#( k'er 'ekle" ,#na'"olo"nega o%o'a

Slika


14/32


se rioro$a =elo niC'e %re!nos"i U

/(0 9m.K+ 2e&elina "olo"ne

i,ola=i'e 'e o!%isna o! gra!i%a in ses"a%e s"ene "er ,na*a o! .7 !o 6/ =m+ Ko"

"olo"no i,ola"i%na gra!i%a so ri asi%ni )i*i rimerna %sa o&s"o'e$a "o%rs"na

gra!i%a #me"na anorganska in organska "er nara%na+ O! #me"ni)anorganski) gra!i% so rimerne mineralne %olne( en'eno s"eklo+ O! #me"ni)

organski) "olo"no i,ola"i%ni) gra!i% s"a na'%e$ % #ora&i eksan!irani in

eks"r#!irani olis"iren a "#!i en'eni olie"ilen in en'eni oli#re"an+ V

,a!n'i) le"i) #me"na gra!i%a #se*no na!ome*$a'o nara%na

"olo"noi,ola=i'ska gra!i%a ko" so =el#lo,na %lakna( lesna %lakna( kokoso%a

%lakna( lan( konol'a( o%$'a %olna( l#"a @ "#!i slama+

:+6+0+ MASIVNAGRA2N3AIZZI2AKOV

Masi%na gra!n'a i, ,i!ako% 'e % "#'ini *e %e!no na'&ol' ra,*ir'en na$in gra!n'e

"#!i ri asi%ni) )i*a)+ Pri masi%ni) ses"a%i) 'e nosilna kons"r#k=i'a i,

oe$ni) ,i!ako%( oe$ni) ,i!ako%( oln'eni) s erli"om( in ,i!ako% i, &e"ona

ali la)kega &e"ona+ Na ,#nan'i s"rani 'e #s"re,no !e&ela las" "olo"ne

i,ola=i'e+ Za !osegan'e s"an!ar!a asi%ne gra!n'e enoslo'ne s"ene &re,"olo"ne i,ola=i'e niso rimerne+ S"ene asi%ni) )i* so la)ko "#!i i, &e"ona( na

gra!&i*$# %li"e % reBa&ri=irane oaCne elemen"e i,g#&l'en oaC+ Na ,#nan'i

s"rani ima s"ena #s"re,no las" "olo"ne i,ola=i'e+ S"ene i, &e"ona ima'o !o&ro

,rako"esnos"+ Za i,!ela%o masi%ni) nosilni) s"en so na "rg# na %ol'o "#!i

ose&ni oaCni elemen"i i, olis"irena+ Elemen"i ima'o na ,#nan'i s"rani

!e&ele'*o las" olis"irena( na no"ran'i a "an'*o+ Na mes"# se ses"a%i'o( %

o!r"ine se names"i o"re&na arma"#ra( na"o se o!r"ine ,ali'e'o , &e"onom+

Gra!n'a 'e enos"a%na( "#!i s "olo"nimi mos"o%i so man'*e "eCa%e+

04


15/32


Slika > Zi!aki i, olis"irena so *iroki 0//=m( %%mesnoo!r"ino se names"i arma"#ro in ,ali'e , &e"onomna sliki % rimer'a%i , mo&ilnim "eleBonom

2e&elina masi%ne nosilne s"ene 'e o!%isna o! s"a"i$ni) ,a)"e%+ Fasa!na

o&loga 'e ko" ri o&i$a'ni) )i*a) la)ko re,ra$e%ana ali nere,ra$e%ana+

Pro&lem la)ko nas"ane ri "eC'i) Basa!ni) o&loga)( ki se ri"r'#'e'o na nosilno

s"eno s ose&nimi si!ri+ Ta mora'o &i"i ,ara!i !e&ele'*e "olo"ne i,ola=i'e

!al'*a( ,aenkra" a 'i) na "rg# *e ni !o%ol'+ Poleg "ega si!ra re!s"a%l'a'o

"olo"ni mos" % kons"r#k=i'i s"ene+

06

Slika 0/ Masi%na s"ena-oe$ni ,i! i,,#nan'a "olo"nai,ola=i'a i, mineralne %olne ineksr#!iranega

olis"irena


16/32


:+6+.+ LAHKEKONSTRUK8I3E

I, klasi$ne "e)nologi'e gra!n'e i, lesa so se ra,%ili ra,li$ni sis"emi( ki sorimerni "#!i ,a !osegan'e asi%nega s"an!ar!a+ Pre!nos" "e) na$ino%gra!n'e 'e % "em( !a "olo"na i,ola=i'a ni ri"r'ena na s"eno na ,#nan'i s"rani("em%e$ 'e name*$ena me! lesno kons"r#k=i'o+ Na "a na$in se ri leseni,gra!&i !oseCe enako "olo"no i,ola"i%nos" , man'*o !e&elino s"ene+

Slika 00 Mo!eli s"enski) kons"r#k=i' ,a asi%ne )i*e slo%enski) roi,%a'al=e% mon"aCni) )i*a ok%irna kons"r#k=i'a i, masi%ni) s"o'k( %mes "olo"na i,ola=i'a i, leseni) %laken(

na ,#nan'i s"rani !o!ana las" "olo"ne i,ola=i'e n ome"( na no"ran'i s"raniins"ala=i'ska ra%nina , %mesno "olo"no i,ola=i'o in ma%$no-=emen"na lo*$a3ELOVI8A

& s"enska kons"r#k=i'a i, leseni) I-nosil=e%( %mes "olo"na i,ola=i'a i, =el#lo,ni)kosmi$e% LUMAR

= masi%na lesena s"ena s "olo"no i,ola=i'o i, leseni) %laken na ,#nan'i s"raniRIKO HIE

Osno%ni na$in gra!n'e asi%ne )i*e i, lesa re!s"a%l'a"a sis"em s"e&ro% inre$k "er sis"em leseni) ok%ir'e%+ Vmesni ros"or 'e la)ko ,aoln'en ,

mineralno %olno( o%$'o %olno( "olo"no i,ola=i'o i, =el#lo,ni) kosmi$e%(lesni)%laken ali lan#+ S"ene asi%ni) )i* so !e&ele'*e o! o&i$a'ni)( kar se !oseCe nara,li$ne na$ine+ Glo&ina s"e&ro% in re$k 'e na'%e$ 0: =m( kar ne n#!i s"eniasi%ne )i*e ,a!os"ne "olo"ne i,ola"i%nos"i+ Za"o 'e o"re&no s"enskokons"r#k=i'o ses"a%i"i i, %e$ las"i ra%nin+ Na ,#nan'i s"rani !o&i s"ena!o!a"no las" "olo"ne i,ola=i'e( ki 'e la)ko )kra"i nosilka Basa!nega ome"a+Names"o ome"a 'e rimerna "#!i re,ra$e%ana Basa!na o&loga i, lesa ali!r#gi) gra!i%+ Na no"ran'i s"rani s"ene se re! arno o%iro ki 'e )kra"i "#!i,rako"esna ra%nina names"i "+i+ ins"ala=i'sko ra%nino( ki 'o "%ori !o!a"na las""olo"ne i,ola=i'e na s"eni+ 2r#g na$in 'e ses"a%l'an'e s"ene i, !%e) ra%nin

s"e&ro%( ki s"a ,amakn'eni( !a lesena kons"r#k=i'a ne &i "%orila "olo"negamos"#+

07


17/32


2eleC masi%nega lesa % s"eni 'e sora,merno %elik+ Ker ima les %e$'o "olo"nore%o!nos" ko" "olo"na i,ola=i'a me! nosilno kons"r#k=i'o( re!s"a%l'a % s"eni"olo"ne mos"o%e( ki ,na"no osla&*a'o n'eno "olo"no i,ola"i%nos"+ So!n'a

slika rika,#'e "olo"ne re)o!nos"i la)ki) leseni) s"en ri ra,li$ni) i,%e!&a)++

Slika 0. La)ke s"enske kons"r#k=i'e-s"an!ar!# asi%ne )i*e #s"re,a"a rimera = in !+ Za

!osegan'e s"an!ar!a asi%ne )i*e U

/(079m

.

K mora'o ime"i la)ke kons"r#k=i'e !e&ele'*olas" "olo"ne i,ola=i'e( kar ,a)"e%a %e$'i !eleC lesa na I-nosile=+

Z#nan'a s"ena( ki #s"re,a asi%nim s"an!ar!om( ,a)"e%a re=e'*n'o !e&elinoin s "em "#!i re=e'*en !eleC lesa+ Ra=ionali,a=i'o ri n'ego%i ora&ire!s"a%l'a'o leseni I-nosil=i imeno%ani "#!i T3I-nosil=i ali !%o'ni T-nosil=i+Pa"en"irani nosil=i so ses"a%l'eni i, ,gorn'e in so!n'e le"%e i, masi%nega lesa(%mes a 'e s"o'ina i, lesni) gra!i% %e,ana lo*$a( OS1 lo*$a lo*$a i,#smer'eni) i%eri+ Zara!i man'*ega rere,a ima'o I-nosil=i man'*i %li% na

"olo"no re)o!nos" s"ene+ Me! I-nosil=e 'e o&i$a'no %i)ana "olo"na i,ola=i'ai, =el#lo,ni) kosmi$e%+ S"ena i, I nosil=e% ima % rimer'a%i s ra%oko"nimimasi%nimi s"e&ri !o ./ &ol'*o "olo"no i,ola"i%nos" o& %isoki s"a"i$ninosilnos"i+ Leseni I-nosil=i se i,!el#'e'o % %i*ini ./ !o 7/ =m+

0:


18/32


Slika 04 Mo!ela s"enski) kons"r#k=i' ,a asi%ne )i*e "#'i) roi,%a'al=e% mon"aCni) )i*-me!lesene nosilne elemen"e se %s"a%i "olo"na i,ola=i'a+

Slika 06 Leseni I-nosil=i

0;


19/32


:+7+ OKNA V PASIVNI HII

Za asi%ne )i*e so kako%os"ne "olo"noi,ola=i'ske ,as"ekli"%e o!lo$ilnega

omena+ Z n'imi 'e r%i$ moCno ro'ek"ira"i )i*o &re, grelni) "eles %neosre!ni &liCini s"ekel( ne !a &i &ilo s "em ,man'*ano "olo"no #go!'e+

Pri ra,%o'# asi%ne )i*e 'e &ilo #go"o%l'eno( !a so k%ali"e"na okna kl'#$nega

omena ,a !osegan'a s"an!ar!a+ V "a namen so &ila ra,%i"a okna s "olo"no

re)o!nos"'o U na'%e$ /(< 9m.K( ki ima'o "rislo'no ,as"ekli"e% Ug /(7 9m.K(

'e %gra'eno na ,#nan'i ro& ,i!ane s"ene( i,olirane , ./ =m "olo"ne i,ola=i'e+ Okno in izvedba nistaprimerna za pasivno hio+


26/32


o!%isna o! "laka %e"ra in "emera"#rni) ra,lik in na'%e$kra" ne ,ago"a%l'a

kako%os"ne &i%alne klime+ Le ri i,re!no ne"esni) ,gra!&a)( k'er o& mo$nem

%e"r# Ce re=e' %le$e( 'e % &re,%e"rnem $as# re,ra$e%an'e ,a!os"no+ Tako

re,ra$e%an'e a 'e ne,anesl'i%o( ri "em ri)a'a !o nekon"rolirani) "olo"ni)

i,g#& in "#!i !o renosa ,%oka+

Slika ./ Zrako"esna ra%nina % asi%ni )i*i mora oolnoma ome'i"i ogre%an %ol#men ,gra!&e(ko" &i ga ,arisali , nerekin'eno $r"o+

Pasi%ne )i*e mora'o ime"i !o&ro i,%e!en ,rako"esen o%o'+ Zgra!&e se

oskr'e'o , ,rakom s re,ra$e%alno nara%o , %ra$an'em "olo"e o!a!nega

,raka+ Pre,ra$e%an'e !el#'e "ako( !a se s%eCi ,rak !o%a'a % &i%alne in salneros"ore in o!%a'a i, k#)in'e( koalni=e in 8+ Zara!i o!sesa%an'a

i,ra&l'enega ,raka nas"ane o!"lak( ,a"o % ros"ore sko,i ne"esna mes"a %!ira

)la!en ,#nan'i ,rak+ Ker se "a ,rak re! %s"oom % ros"or ni ogrel %

renosnik# "olo"e( se o& "em o'a%i'o neCelene "olo"ne i,g#&e+ Za

!osegan'e ,rako"esnega o%o'a 'e "re&a na"an$no na$r"o%a"i %se s"ike

gra!&eni) elemen"o%+ Tako ko" "olo"noi,ola=i'ski mora &i"i "#!i ,rako"esni

o%o' ,gra!&e ooln in &re, rekini"e%+

U$inko%i"os" ,rako"esnega o%o'a se kon"rolira s "es"om 1loer 2oor+ Za "a "es"

se % o!r"ino %ra" names"i nara%a , %en"ila"or'em( s ka"erim se % )i*i #s"%ari

na!"lak in o!"lak in i,meri re)o! ,raka sko,i kons"r#k=i'o o,+ ne"esna

mes"a+ Za asi%ne )i*e 'e !olo$ena me'na %re!nos" n7/ /(: )-0( kar

omeni( !a se ri "la$ni ra,liki 7/ Pa sko,i %sa ne"esna mes"a % ,gra!&i

o!%e!e ali !o%e!e /(: =elo"nega no"ran'ega %ol#mna ,raka % eni #ri+

.7

Sliak .0 "es" 1loer 2oor


27/32


Zrako"esna ra%nina 'e o&i$a'no na no"ran'i

,#nan'ega o%o'a ,gra!&e+ 2oseCemo 'o la)ko ,

ra,li$nimi gra!i%i+ Masi%na s"ena i, oeke 'e

,rako"esna( ka!ar ima skr&no i,%e!ene B#ge

me! ,i!aki in nerekin'en no"ran'i ome"(

i,%e!en o! s#ro%i) "al re! %gra!i"%i'o

es"ri)a !o s#ro%ega s"roa+ Pri la)ki

kons"r#k=i'i ko" ,rako"esna las" la)ko sl#Ci

arna o%ira+ To so la)ko ra,li$ne Boli'e ali

lo*$e OS1 lo*$e( %e,ane lo*$e( 22

lo*$e@( ka!ar ,a "o 'am$i roi,%a'ale=+

Pose&nega omena so s"iki me! osame,nimi

elemen"i in mora'o &i"i ra% "ako ,rako"esni+

Za lel'en'e se #ora&l'a'o ra,ni "esnilni in leilni "rako%i( eksan,i%ni "rako%i(

"esnilni roDli i!+

Slika ..Parna o%ira re!s"a%l'a ,rako"esno ra%nino( $e 'e !o&ro ,lel'ena , ,anesl'i%imileilnimi "rako%i

.:


28/32


Slika .4 Zrako"esnos" ,ago"a%l'a'o #s"re,ne OS1lo*$e( omem&no 'e skr&no s"iko%an'e ,leilnimi "rako%i+ O&%e,na 'e "#!i ,rako"esna %gra!n'a okna+

Po!o&no ko" ri !e"a'li) ,a rere$e%an'e

"olo"ni) mos"o% 'e "#!i ri !e"a'li) ,a

,ago"a%l'an'e ,rako"esnos"i+ Vsi !e"a'li

mora'o &i"i !omi*l'eni % Ba,i na$r"o%an'a( *ere! i,%e!&o 'i) mora o"r!i"i "#!i i,%a'ale=+

Kako%os" i,%e!&e se la)ko "#!i %e$kra"

kon"rolira s "es"om 1loer 2oor+

Slika .6 8e%i mora'o &i"i rilel'ene na Zrako"esno

ra%nino( !a ne re!s"a%l'a'o ne"esni) mes"+

.;


29/32


>+OGREVAN3E9HLA3EN3E

Za gre"'e asi%ni) )i* #ora&l'amo o&no%l'i%e energe"ske %ire( elek"riko a le,a ogon re,ra$e%alne eno"e - rek#era"or'a( o,iroma "olo"ni) $ralk+

K#rilnega ol'a in ,emel'skega lina ne #ora&l'amo( ,a"o , ogre%an'em%asi%ni )i*i omem&no ,man'*amo i,#s"e 8O.+

Pasi%no )i*o ra%iloma ogre%amo , !ogre%an'em ,raka( raksa a 'eoka,ala( !a se !o&ro o&nese "#!i losko%no ogre%an'e o,iroma kom&ina=i'a+

5e se o!lo$imo ,a "olo,ra$no ogre%an'e( o"em ,rak( ki ga !o%a'amo % )i*o sre,ra$e%an'em( le *e !ogre'emo , elek"ri$nim grel=em+

Ogre%an'e sani"arne %o!e in %o!e ,a losko%no ogre%an'e se % asi%ni )i*ii,%e!e s "olo"no $ralko( ki la)ko $ra s%o'o energi'o i, ,eml'e( ,raka( ali

%o!e+( ona%a!i % kom&ina=i'i s son$nimi kolek"or'i+ Na %ol'o so"#!ikomak"ne nara%e( ra,%i"e ra% ,a asi%ne )i*e( ki % eni *ka"li%se'e'o %se nara%e ,a re,ra$e%an'e( gre"'e sani"arne %o!e "er ogre%an'e)i*e+

Ra,%o' kako%os"i "olo"ni) $ralk 'e skoko%i"( "ako !a se se%er E%roe Ceogre%a s "olo"nimi $ralkami ,rak 9 %o!a( sa' na'no%e'*e !el#'e'o sso!o&nim grelnim *"e%ilom "#!i kreko o ni$lo+ S "ais"o "olo"no $ralkola)ko ogre%amo "#!i %o!o ,a "alno( s"ensko ali s"rono ogre%an'e+ V "emrimer# la)ko ole"i !elo%an'e "olo"ne $ralke o&rnemo in , o&s"o'e$o

nael'a%o )i*o o o"re&i "#!i nekoliko o)la!imo+

.


30/32


Slika .7 Krog "olo"ne $ralke

>+0+ PRISILNO PREZRA5EVAN3E IN OGREVAN3E SVE?EGAZRAKA S TOPLOTO O2PA2NEGA ZRAKA

@+omeni( !a s%eC ,rak "er o!%a'an'e %lage in *ko!l'i%i) !el=e% i, ,raka

!oseCemo &re, %eliki) i,g#&o ogre%alne "olo"e ri re,ra$e%an'#+Prisilno re,ra$e%an'e , rek#era=i'o "olo"e ,ago"a%l'a nene)no i,men'a%o,raka( ri $emer se %sa'
http://www.energetika.net/portal/index.html?ctrl:id=page.default.counsel&ctrl:type=render&ec%3Adet=27593&en%3Aref=relhttp://www.energetika.net/portal/index.html?ctrl:id=page.default.counsel&ctrl:type=render&ec%3Adet=27593&en%3Aref=rel


31/32


ne,a!os"nim ,ra$en'em ima la)ko )#!e ali %sa' neri'e"ne osle!i=e ,a na*e,!ra%'e( ki 'i) s"roko%n'aki s"rne'o o! imenom sin!rom &olni) )i*+ TeCa%a nisamo % oman'kan'# kisika in %i*k# ogl'iko%ega !ioksi!a( "em%e$ % %!i)o%an'#&ol' ali man' ,!ra%'# *ko!l'i%i) !ro&ni) !el=e%( ki se na&ira'o % na*em okol'#+2r#ga %rs"a osle!i=( ki %li%a na na*e ,!ra%'e( a 'e o'a% lesni+

0/+PRE2NOSTI9SLA1OSTI

Pre!nos"i asi%ne )i*e

o >/ man'*i s"ro*ki ko" reno%iran'e

s"are'*e s"a%&eo Ak"i%no %ars"%o okol'a 6/// kilogramo% man' emisi' 8O . na le"o(

o! o&i$a'ni) s"a%&

o Pasi%ne )i*e so % %eliki meri neo!%isne o! ,%i*an'a =en energi'eo 2al'*a o!ornos" ses"a%ni) !elo% gle!e na %li%e ,raka in %lageo Ni,ka moCnos" lesnen'a , #s"re,no i,ola=i'oo I,&ol'*ana ,%o$na i,ola=i'ao Man'*i s"ro*ki ,a ogre%an'e( ker niso o"re&nio Ni o"re&e ,a s)ran'e%an'e gori%a( in "ako o"re&nega !imnikao Ni mr,li) s"en in rei)o%o Veliko s%e"lo&eo Z!ra%a no"ran'a klima ,ara!i ,ra$nega Dl"ra "er %e!no s%eCega

,rakao Po,i"i%ni #krei na o!ro$'# o!ne&ni) sremem&

Sla&os"i asi%ne )i*e

4/
http://www.varcna-gradnja.si/~varcna/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=86http://www.varcna-gradnja.si/~varcna/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=87&Itemid=88http://www.varcna-gradnja.si/~varcna/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=86http://www.varcna-gradnja.si/~varcna/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=87&Itemid=88


32/32


o Mogo$e %i*'e naloC&eo Ure!i"e% %ro$i) ,ra$ni) "oko% ,a osame,ne ros"oreo Ni,ka rela"i%na %laga % ,imskem $as#o Hi"ro segre%an'e ros"oro% ole"i( kar nam o%e$a s"ro*ke ri

in%es"iran'# klima"ske nara%eo I,a! elek"ri$ne energi'e o%,ro$i miro%an'e re,ra$e%alnega sis"emao Re!no sreml'an'e ora&e energi'e 'e n#'no ,aCelenoo MoCna 'e %isoka s"on'a naak ri names"i"%i re,ra$e%alni) sis"emo%

VIRIo )""99mon"a,ne-)ise-on+ne"9asi%na-)isa+)"ml

o )""99sl+ikie!ia+org

o )""99+marles-)ise+si

o )""99+Ba+#ni-l'+si

o )""99+ere%i'a+=om

o )""99+%ar=na-gra!n'a+si
http://montazne-hise-on.net/pasivna-hisa.htmlhttp://sl.wikipedia.org/http://www.marles-hise.si/http://www.fa.uni-lj.si/http://www.erevija.com/http://www.varcna-gradnja.si/http://montazne-hise-on.net/pasivna-hisa.htmlhttp://sl.wikipedia.org/http://www.marles-hise.si/http://www.fa.uni-lj.si/http://www.erevija.com/http://www.varcna-gradnja.si/

pasivne hiše (učinkovita raba energije)

Documents