Past and current water Past and current water

composition of surface composition of surface

waters in Latviawaters in Latvia

MĀRIS KĻAVIŅŠ, ILGA KOKORĪTE, MĀRIS KĻAVIŅŠ, ILGA KOKORĪTE,

VALERY RODINOVVALERY RODINOV

University of LatviaUniversity of Latvia

Chemical composition of surface Chemical composition of surface waters of Latviawaters of Latvia

0,001

0,01

0,1

1

10

100

1000

N-N

O2-

PO43-

Ptot

N-N

H4+

N-N

O3- K+

pH

Na+

Mg2

+

Cl-

CO

D

SO

42-

Ca2

+

Col

our

HCO

3-

Min

eral

KO

NCEN

TRĀ

CIJ

A,

mg/

l

mean

max

min

Piper diagram of surface waters of LatviaPiper diagram of surface waters of Latvia

Long term changes of surface watersLong term changes of surface waters

0

4

8

12

16

20

1976

1979

1982

1985

1988

1991

1994

1997

2000

Mg2

+,

mg/

l

0

0,04

0,08

0,12

0,16

0,2

1977

1980

1983

1986

1989

1992

1995

1998

P-PO

43-,

mg/

l

Changes of COD and water Changes of COD and water colorcolor A

0

20

40

60

80

100

1976 1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000

CO

D,

mg/

L

B

0

40

80

120

160

200

1976 1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000

Col

or,

0Pt

/Co

Trends of water composition Trends of water composition changes accordingly to changes accordingly to (1977.-(1977.-

2001.) MANN-KENDAL2001.) MANN-KENDALLL testtest

River COD N-NH4+ N-NO3

- P-PO43- HCO3

- SO42- Cl- Ca2+ Mg2+ Na+

Daugava -0,212 -2,797 1,230 2,226 1,897 2,883 0,016 1,848 3,555 -1,821Aiviekste -1,284 -2,117 -0,269 1,239 2,324 -0,452 -2,172 0,491 2,341 -3,000Gauja -0,466 -3,582 -2,931 -2,713 2,256 -2,151 -4,168 0,143 1,566 -3,571Lielupe -2,207 -4,097 -1,830 -2,717 2,657 0,163 -2,254 0,409 1,662 -2,297Venta -2,441 -2,684 -1,114 0,807 2,527 -1,672 -1,878 -0,091 3,211 -2,440Salaca -1,328 -2,262 -2,153 2,021 1,189 2,135 -2,072 1,323 2,485 -2,400

Increasing concentrationsIncreasing concentrations, p<0,05, p<0,05

Decreasing concentrationsDecreasing concentrations, p<0,05, p<0,05

Factors influencing water composition?

• Changes in human loading

• Changes in landuse

• Climate change

Changes of human loading

0

100

200

300

400

500

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

Us

e o

f fe

rtil

ize

rs,

Th

ou

s.

ton

s

0

20

40

60

80

100

GD

P %

fertilizers, Th.tons GDP (1990=100%)

Impact of landuse un concentrations of Impact of landuse un concentrations of nutrientsnutrients

r=0.670

20

40

60

80

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5N- NO3

- , mg/ l

agri

cult

ural

land

, %

r=- 0.470

20

40

60

80

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5N- NO3

- , mg/ l

fore

sts,

%

r=0.170

20

40

60

80

0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05P- PO4

3-, mg/ l

agri

cult

ural

lan

d,

%

r=- 0,250

20

40

60

80

0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05

P- PO43- , mg/ l

fore

sts,

%

Export of SO42-, kg/km2/year

Export of nitrates kg/km2/year

River discharge – major factor River discharge – major factor controlling concentrations and controlling concentrations and

loading of dissolved substancesloading of dissolved substances

Gauja - Sigulda (1977.-1997.)Gauja - Sigulda (1977.-1997.)

y = 891x- 0.2338

R2 = 0.716

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 100 200 300 400 500

Discharge, m3/ s

Min

eral

izat

ion,

mg/

l

River discharge – major factor River discharge – major factor controlling concentrations and loading controlling concentrations and loading

of dissolved substancesof dissolved substancesy = 0,8523Ln(x) - 1,8725

R2 = 0,38

0

2

4

6

8

0 100 200 300 400 500

N-N

O3-,

mg/

l

y = 0,0113Ln(x) - 0,0199

R2 = 0,183

0

0,03

0,06

0,09

0,12

0,15

0 100 200 300 400 500

P-PO

43-,

mg/

l

Changes of temperature and precipitation for the Meteorological

Station Rīga-University

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1018

51

1861

1871

1881

1891

1901

1911

1921

1931

1941

1951

1961

1971

1981

1991 Year

Tem

pera

ture

, oC

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

Pre

cipi

tati

on, m

m

Temperature,oC Precipitation,mm

Long term changes of river ice regime

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

14019

21

1927

1933

1939

1945

1951

1957

1963

1969

1975

1981

1987

1993

1999

Ice

bre

ak u

p d

ata

from

01

Jan

.

Lielupe-Mežotne Salaca-Lagaste Pededze-Litene

Long term changes of river Long term changes of river dischargedischarge

110

100

1000

1881

1890

1899

1908

1921

1930

1939

1948

1957

1966

1975

1984

1993

Cau

rplū

dum

s, m

3/s

Daugava

Venta

Salaca

Dubna

10 per. Mov.Avg. (Daugava)10 per. Mov.Avg. (Venta)10 per. Mov.Avg. (Salaca)10 per. Mov.Avg. (Dubna)

Major large scale atmospheric circulation processes

Long term changes of large scale atmospheric circulation processes

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%19

00

1905

1910

1915

1920

1925

1930

1935

1940

1945

1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

ACI-E ACI-W ACI-C

Deviation of large scale atmospheric circulation processes

-1,4

-1,2

-1,0

-0,8

-0,6

-0,4

-0,2

0,0

0,2

0,4

0,6

1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

ACI-(W+E) ACI-C

)1(K )1(K

Long term change of mean annual discharge

of the rivers in Baltic region and precipitations.

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1896 1908 1920 1932 1944 1956 1968 1980 1992 2004

Dis

char

ge, m

3/s

; Pre

cipi

tati

ons,

mm

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Dic

shar

ge, m

3/s

4

2

1

3

5

1 – precipitation (Station Rīga-University); 2 - Nemunas River; 3 - Daugava River; 4 – Narva River; 5 – Parnu River. Data were smoothed with a 6-year moving average.

Changes of Venta and Pärnu discharges and index of NAO

data were smoothed with a 10-year moving average

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

1896 1908 1920 1932 1944 1956 1968 1980 1992 2004

Dis

char

ge, m

3/s

-1,50

-1,00

-0,50

0,00

0,50

1,00

1,50

NA

O in

dex

NAO

Venta

Parnu

Long term changes of water runoff and inorganic ion export

Venta River, Kuldīga

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

1947-1

955

1956-1

965

1966-1

975

1976-1

982

1983-1

991

1992-1

999

Wat

er r

unof

f, km

3 /yea

r

0

200

400

600

800

HC

O3- , 1

03 t/ye

ar

Venta River, Kuldīga

0

0.51

1.5

22.5

3

1947-1

955

1956-1

965

1966-1

975

1976-1

982

1983-1

991

1992-1

999

Wat

er r

unof

f, km

3 /yea

r

0

10

20

30

40

50

Cl- , 1

03 t/

year

Factors influencing aquatic chemistry are diverse and they

should be considered at the development of monitoring

programs

Thank you!