paternity cases_uribe.doc

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PATERNITY & FILIATION (CIV REV CASES)

Perido v. Perido

Lucio Perido of Himama!a"# Ne$ro% Occide"a!# married 'iceduri"$ i% !ifeime. Hi% fir% 'ife 'a% e"ia Ta!oro"$# 'i 'om e

*e$o ree (+) ci!dre", Fe!i-# I%mae!# a"d ar$aria. Afer e"iadied Lucio married arce!i"a a!i$ua# 'i 'om e ad five (/)ci!dre", Eu%e*io# 0ua"# aria# Sofro"ia a"d 1o"2a!o. Lucio im%e!fdied i" 3456# 'i!e i% %eco"d 'ife died i" 345+.

Of e ree (+) ci!dre" *e!o"$i"$ o e fir% marria$e o"!ar$aria Perido i% %i!! !ivi"$. Her decea%ed *roer# Fe!i- Perido# i%%urvived * i% ci!dre" I"oce"cia# Leo"ora# A!*i"io# Pau!i"o# Leia#Leicia# a"d Eufemia# a!! %ur"amed Perido. Nica"ora Perido# a"oerdau$er of Fe!i-# i% a!%o decea%ed# *u i% %urvived * 'o (6) %o"%#Ro!a"do a"d Eduardo Sa!de.

ar$aria7% oer decea%ed *roer# I%mae! Perido# i% %urvived * i%ci!dre"# "ame!, Co"%o!acio"# A!fredo# 8i!fredo# a"d Am9aro.Su%a"o Perido# a"oer %o" of I%mae!# i% dead# *u %urvived * i%o'" %o" 1eor$e Perido.

Of Lucio Perido7% five (/) ci!dre" * i% %eco"d 'ife# 'o are a!readdead# "ame!, Eu%e*io a"d 0ua". Eu%e*io i% %urvived * i% ci!dre"a$da!e"a Perido# Pacia Perido# A!icia Perido# 0o%efi"a Perido# FePerido# Tere%a Perido# a"d Lu2 Perido# 'i!e 0ua" i% %urvived * i%o"! ci!d# 0ua" A. Perido.

O" Au$u% 3/# 34:; e ci!dre" a"d $ra"dci!dre" of e fir% a"d

%eco"d marria$e% of Lucio Perido e-ecued a docume"de"omi"aed a% ?udicia! Pariio"#ca!!ed 0udicia! Pariio"evide"ce.

O" Novem*er 36#34@6# e 9ro*ae cour $ra"ed e moio"#dec!ari"$ a i 'a% %ai%fied from e evide"ce a a"d aCarme!ia 'a% a "aura! ci!d of Vice"e de !a Puera a"d 'a%e"i!ed o e amou"% c!aimed for er %u99or. Te cour addeda


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I"voi"$ e 9re%um9io" of !e$iimac# %e ar$ue% a Carme!ia'a% e !e$iimae ci!d of 0ua"ia Au%ria! a"d 1!oria 0orda"# 'o'ere !e$a!! or 9re%uma*! married. oreover# Carme!ia cou!d "oave *ee" a "aura! ci!d of Vice"e de !a Puera *ecau%e e 'A%a!read married a e ime of er *ir i" 34:6.

To 9rove er 9oi"# I%a*e! 9re%e"ed Amado a$9a"a# 'oe%ified a e 'a% a "ei$*or of Au%ria! a"d 0orda". Accordi"$ oim# e 'o 'ere !ivi"$ a% u%*a"d a"d 'ife a"d ad ree ci!dre"#i"c!udi"$ a $ir! "amed 3 a"d =>6) a"d %coo! record% 'erei" e%i$"ed e re9or card% a% er 9are" (E-. E a"d E>3) a duri"$e eari"$ of er ado9io" ca%e i" S9ecia! Proceedi"$ No. ;;53 i"ra"c V of i% Cour a au*a"# ue2o"# Vice"e de !a Pueracae$orica!! %aed i" cour a Carme!ia de !a Puera i% i%dau$er 'i 1!oria 0orda" (E-%. a"d >3) a i 'a% Vice"e de!a Puera duri"$ i% !ifeime 'o %9e" for er %u*%i%e"ce# %u99ora"d educaio" . . . 36

Ti% i% a facua! fi"di"$ a 'e do "o %ee fi o di%ur*# a*%e" a"of o%e circum%a"ce% 'e ave !aid do'" i" a !o"$ !i"e of deci%io"%a 'i!! ?u%if rever%a!. 3+ Amo"$ e%e circum%a"ce% are, (3) eco"c!u%io" i% a fi"di"$ $rou"ded e"ire! o" %9ecu!aio"# %urmi%e a"dco"?ecure (6) e i"fere"ce made i% ma"ife%! mi%ae" (+) erei% $rave a*u%e of di%creio" (5) e ?ud$me" i% *a%ed o" ami%a99ree"%io" of fac% (/) e fi"di"$% of fac are co"f!ici"$ (:)e Cour of A99ea!% 'e" *eo"d e i%%ue% of e ca%e a"d i%fi"di"$% are co"rar o e admi%%io"% of *o a99e!!a" a"da99e!!ee% () e fi"di"$% of fac of e Cour of A99ea!% areco"rar o o%e of e ria! cour (@) %aid fi"di"$% of fac% areco"c!u%io"% 'iou ciaio" of %9ecific evide"ce o" 'ic e are*a%ed (4) e fac% %e for i" e 9eiio" a% 'e!! a% i" e9eiio"er7% mai" a"d re9! *rief% are "o di%9ued * ere%9o"de"% a"d (3;) e fi"di"$% of fac of e Cour of A99ea!% are

9remi%ed o" e %u99o%ed a*%e"ce of evide"ce a"d co"radiced *e evide"ce o" record.

Te 9eiio"er i"%i%% o" e a99!icaio" of e fo!!o'i"$ 9rovi%io"% ofe Civi! Code o %u99or er e%i% a Carme!ia i% "o e "aura!

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ci!d of Vice"e de !a Puera *u e !e$iimae ci!d of 0ua"ioAu%ria! a"d 1!oria 0orda",

Ar. 6//. Ci!dre" *or" afer o"e u"dred a"d ei$ da%

fo!!o'i"$ e ce!e*raio" of e marria$e# a"d *efore ree u"dredda% fo!!o'i"$ i% di%%o!uio" or e %e9araio" of e %9ou%e% %a!!*e 9re%umed o *e !e$iimae.

A$ai"% i% 9re%um9io" "o evide"ce %a!! *e admied oer a"a of e 9%ica! im9o%%i*i!i of e u%*a"d7% avi"$ acce%% oi% 'ife 'ii" e fir% o"e u"dred a"d 'e" da% of e reeu"dred 'ic 9receded e *ir of e ci!d.

Ti% 9%ica! im9o%%i*i!i ma *e cau%ed,

(3) e im9oe"ce of e u%*a"d

(6) e fac a e u%*a"d a"d 'ife 'ere !ivi"$ %e9arae!i" %uc a 'a a acce%% 'a% "o 9o%%i*!e

(+) e %eriou% i!!"e%% of e u%*a"d.

Ar. 6/:. Te ci!d %a!! *e 9re%umed !e$iimae# a!ou$ emoer ma ave dec!ared a$ai"% i% !e$iimac or ma ave *ee"%e"e"ced a% a" adu!ere%%.

Te%e ru!e% are i" ur" *a%ed o" e 9re%um9io" a 0ua"io a"d1!oria 'ere married a e ime of Carme!ia7% *ir i" 34:6#9ur%ua" o Ru!e 3+3# Sec. /(**) of e Ru!e% of Cour# 9rovidi"$a,

Sec. /. =i%9ua*!e 9re%um9io"%.GTe fo!!o'i"$ 9re%um9io"% are%ai%facor if u"co"radiced# *u ma *e co"radiced a"dovercome * oer evide"ce,

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(**) Ta a ma" a"d 'oma" de9ori"$ em%e!ve% a% u%*a"da"d 'ife ave e"ered i"o a !a'fu! co"rac of marria$e

u i% !a%>Buoed 9re%um9io" i% mere! di%9ua*!e a"d ma *erefued 'i evide"ce o e co"rar. A% e Cour %ee% i# %ucevide"ce a% *ee" %ufficie"! e%a*!i%ed i" e ca%e a *ar.

Te ca%e% 35 cied * e 9eiio"er are "o e-ac! i" 9oi" *ecau%ee i"vo!ve %iuaio"% 'ere e cou9!e% !ived co"i"uou%! a%u%*a"d a"d 'ife a"d %o cou!d *e rea%o"a*! 9re%umed o *emarried. I" e ca%e *efore u%# ere 'a% e%imo" from Vice"e7%

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o'" 'ife a er u%*a"d a"d 1!oria !ived o$eer a% a marriedcou9!e# ere* re*ui"$ e 9re%um9io" a 1!oria 'a% er%e!fe !a'fu! 'ife of 0ua"ia Au%ria!.

Suc e%imo" 'ou!d for o"e i"$ %o' a 0ua"io a"d 1!oria did"o co"i"uou%! !ive o$eer a% a married cou9!e. oreover# i i%

"o e-9!ai"ed '# if e 'a% rea!! married o er# 0ua"io did "oo*?ec 'e" 1!oria !ef e co"?u$a! ome a"d %ared o9e"!co"%ori"$ 'i Vice"e# a"d i" e %ame "ei$*orood a a. Ta'a% u""aura!# o %a e !ea%. I 'a% differe" 'i 1e"oveva for%e er%e!f %'ore a %e ad %e9araed from Vice"e 'o ear%afer eir marria$e a"d ad !o"$ !o% i"ere% i" er u%*a"d. I"fac# %e eve" re"ou"ced i" o9e" cour a" c!aim o Vice"e7% e%ae.3/

Te 9re%um9io" of marria$e *e'ee" 0ua"io a"d 1!oria avi"$*ee" de%roed# i *ecame "ece%%ar for e 9eiio"er o %u*miaddiio"a! 9roof o %o' a e 'o 'ere !e$a!! married. Se did

"o.

Tur"i"$ "o' o e evide"ce reBuired o 9rove e 9rivaere%9o"de"7% fi!iaio"# 'e re?ec e 9eiio"er7% co"e"io" aAric!e 6@ of e Civi! Code i% "o avai!a*!e o Carme!ia. I i% erroro co"e"d a a% %e i% "o a "aura! ci!d *u a %9uriou% ci!d (if aa!!) %e ca""o 9rove er %au% * e record of *ir# a 'i!!# a%aeme" *efore a cour of record# or a" aue"ic 'rii"$. O" eco"rar# i a% !o"$ *ee" %e!ed a,

Te %o>ca!!ed %9uriou% ci!dre" or i!!e$iimae ci!dre" oer a""aura! ci!dre"# commo"! "o'" a% *a%ard%# i"c!ude adu!erou%

ci!dre" or o%e *or" ou of 'ed!oc o a married 'oma" coa*ii"$'i a ma" oer a" er u%*a"d or o a married ma" coa*ii"$'i a 'oma" oer a" i% 'ife. Te are e"i!ed o %u99or a"d%ucce%%io"a! ri$% (Ar. 6@# CC). u eir fi!iaio" mu% *e du!9rove".(I*id# Ar. @@)

Ho' %ou!d eir fi!iaio" *e 9rove" Aric!e 6@4 of e Civi! Codea!!o'% e i"ve%i$aio" of e 9aer"i or maer"i of %9uriou%ci!dre" u"der e circum%a"ce% %9ecified i" Aric!e% 6@+ a"d 6@5 ofe Civi! Code. Te im9!icaio" i% a e ru!e% o" com9u!%or

reco$"iio" of "aura! ci!dre" are a99!ica*!e o %9uriou% ci!dre".

S9uriou% ci!dre" %ou!d "o *e i" a *eer 9o%iio" a" "aura!ci!dre". Te ru!e% o" 9roof of fi!iaio" of "aura! ci!dre" or e ru!eo" vo!u"ar a"d com9u!%or ac"o'!ed$me" for "aura! ci!dre"ma *e a99!ied o %9uriou% ci!dre". 3:

Ti% *ei"$ %o# 'e "eed "o ru!e "o' o" e admi%%i*i!i of e9rivae re%9o"de"7% cerificae of *ir a% 9roof of er fi!iaio". Ta%au% 'a% %ufficie"! e%a*!i%ed * e %'or" e%imo" of Vice"ede !a Puera a e eari"$ of e 9eiio" for ado9io" o" Se9em*er:# 34:# 'ere e cae$orica!! dec!ared a% fo!!o'%,

8a re!aio" if a" do ou ave 'i Carme!ia de !a Puera

A Se i% m dau$er. 3

Fi"a!!# 'e move o e mo% crucia! Bue%io"# o 'i, a Carme!iade !a Puera c!aim %u99or a"d %ucce%%io"a! ri$% o e e%ae of

=omi"$a Revue!a

Accordi"$ o Aric!e 4; of e Civi! Code,


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Ar. 4;. Re9re%e"aio" i% a ri$ creaed * ficio" of !a'# *virue of 'ic e re9re%e"aive i% rai%ed o e 9!ace a"d ede$ree of e 9er%o" re9re%e"ed# a"d acBuire% e ri$% 'ic e!aer 'ou!d ave if e 'ere !ivi"$ or if e cou!d ave i"eried.

Te a"%'er o e Bue%io" 9o%ed mu% *e i" e "e$aive. Te fir%

rea%o" i% a Vice"e de !a Puera did "o 9redecea%e i% moera"d e %eco"d i% a Carme!ia i% a %9uriou% ci!d.

I i% %e!ed a G

I" e%ame"ar %ucce%%io"# e ri$ of re9re%e"aio" ca" ae9!ace o"! i" e fo!!o'i"$ ca%e%, fir%# 'e" e 9er%o" re9re%e"eddie% *efore e e%aor %eco"d# 'e" e 9er%o" re9re%e"ed i%i"ca9a*!e of %ucceedi"$ e e%aor a"d ird# 'e" e 9er%o"re9re%e"ed i% di%i"eried * e e%aor. I" a!! of e%e ca%e%#

%i"ce ere i% a vaca"c i" e i"eria"ce# e !a' ca!!% e ci!dre"or de%ce"da"% of e 9er%o" re9re%e"ed o %ucceed * ri$ ofre9re%e"aio". 3@

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Te !a' i% c!ear a ere i% re9re%e"aio" o"! 'e" re!aive% of adecea%ed 9er%o" r o %ucceed im i" i% ri$% 'ic e 'ou!dave ad if %i!! !ivi"$. I" e 9re%e" ca%e# o'ever# %aid decea%edad a!read %ucceeded i% au"# e e%ari- erei". . . . I i% a faca a e ime of e dea of e e%ari-# Re"a!do Cui%o" 'a%%i!! a!ive. He died 'o mo"% afer er (e%ari-7%) dea. A"d u9o"i% dea# e ra"%mied o i% eir%# e 9eiio"er% erei" E!i%aCui%o" e a!.# e !e$ac or e ri$ o %ucceed o e !e$ac. . . . I"oer 'ord%# e erei" 9eiio"er%>a99e!!a"% are "o ri"$ o

%ucceed o e ri$ o e 9ro9er of e e%ari-# *u raer o eri$ of e !e$aee Re"a!do Cui%o" i" %aid 9ro9er. 34

No avi"$ 9redecea%ed =omi"$a Revue!a# er %o" Vice"e ad eri$ o i"eri from er direc! or i" i% o'" ri$. No ri$ ofre9re%e"aio" 'a% i"vo!ved# "or cou!d i *e i"voed * Carme!ia

u9o" er faer7% dea# 'ic came afer i% o'" moer7% dea. I'ou!d ave *ee" differe" if Vice"e 'a% a!read dead 'e"=omi"$a Revue!a died. Carme!ia cou!d e" ave i"eried fromer i" re9re%e"aio" of er faer Vice"e# a%%umi"$ e 9rivaere%9o"de" 'a% a !a'fu! eir.

u erei" !ie% e cru-# for %e i% "o. A% a %9uriou% ci!d of Vice"e#Carme!ia i% *arred from i"erii"$ from =omi"$a *ecau%e of Aric!e446 of e Civi! Code# 'ic !a% do'" e *arrier *e'ee" e!e$iimae a"d i!!e$iimae fami!ie%. Ti% aric!e 9rovide% Buiec!ear!,

Ar. 446. A" i!!e$iimae ci!d a% "o ri$ o i"eri a*i"e%ao from e !e$iimae ci!dre" a"d re!aive% of i% faer ormoer "or %a!! %uc ci!dre" or re!aive% i"eri i" e %amema""er from e i!!e$iimae ci!d.

A99!i"$ i% ru!e i" Leo"ardo v. Cour of A99ea!%# 6; i% Courdec!ared,

. . . eve" if i i% rue a 9eiio"er i% e ci!d of Soero Leo"ardo#%i!! e ca""o# * ri$ of re9re%e"aio"# c!aim a %are of e e%ae!ef * e decea%ed Fra"ci%ca Ree% co"%ideri"$ a# a% fou"da$ai" * e Cour of A99ea!%# e 'a% *or" ou%ide 'ed!oc a%

%o'" * e fac a 'e" e 'a% *or"# i% a!!e$ed 9uaive faera"d moer 'ere "o e married# a"d 'a i% more# i% a!!e$edfaer7% fir% marria$e 'a% %i!! %u*%i%i"$. A mo%# 9eiio"er 'ou!d*e a" i!!e$iimae ci!d 'o a% "o ri$ o i"eri a* i"e%ao frome !e$iimae ci!dre" a"d re!aive% of i% faer# !ie e decea%edFra"ci%ca Ree%.

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Te rea%o" for i% ru!e 'a% e-9!ai"ed i" e rece" ca%e of =ia2 v.I"ermediae A99e!!ae Cour# 63 u%,

Aric!e 446 of e Ne' Civi! Code 9rovide% a *arrier or iro" curai" i"a i 9roi*i% a*%o!ue! a %ucce%%io" a* i"e%ao *e'ee" ei!!e$iimae ci!d a"d e !e$iimae ci!dre" a"d re!aive% of efaer or moer of %aid !e$iimae ci!d. Te ma ave a "aura! ieof *!ood# *u i% i% "o reco$"i2ed * !a' for e 9ur9o%e of Aric!e446. e'ee" e !e$iimae fami! a"d e i!!e$iimae fami! erei% 9re%umed o *e a" i"erve"i"$ a"a$o"i%m a"d i"com9ai*i!i.Te i!!e$iimae ci!d i% di%$racefu!! !ooed do'" u9o" * e!e$iimae fami! e fami! i% i" ur"# aed * e i!!e$iimae ci!de !aer co"%ider% e 9rivi!e$ed co"diio" of e former# a"d ere%ource% of 'ic i i% ere* de9rived e former i" ur" %ee% i"

e i!!e$iimae ci!d "oi"$ *u e 9roduc of %i"# 9a!9a*!eevide"ce of a *!emi% *roe" i" !ife e !a' doe% "o more a"reco$"i2e i% ru# * avoidi"$ furer $rou"d of re%e"me". 66

I"deed# eve" a% a" ado9ed ci!d# Carme!ia 'ou!d %i!! *e *arredfrom i"erii"$ from =omi"$a Revue!a for ere 'ou!d *e "o "aura!i"dred ie% *e'ee" em a"d co"%eBue"!# "o !e$a! ie% o *i"dem eier. A% a9! 9oi"ed ou * =r. Aruro . To!e"i"o,

If e ado9i"$ 9are" %ou!d die *efore e ado9ed ci!d# e !aerca""o re9re%e" e former i" e i"eria"ce from e 9are"% ora%ce"da"% of e ado9er. Te ado9ed ci!d i% "o re!aed o edecea%ed i" a ca%e# *ecau%e e fi!iaio" creaed * ficio" of !a'i% e-c!u%ive! *e'ee" e ado9er a"d e ado9ed.


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avi"$ car"a! "o'!ed$e of er. A"d a% a re%u!# %e *e$o a %o"'om %e "amed 0e'e! Ta". Se furer a!!e$ed a e u%ed o%u99or 0e'e! *u %u*%eBue"! !o% i"ere% a"d %o99ed.

Se c!aimed %e fi!ed e com9!ai" o"! afer @ ear% from ei"cide" *ecau%e of Trocio reae"ed er 'i e de9oraio" of er

a!ie" u%*a"d a"d due o e fac a %e 'a% married 'i ei$ci!dre".

Trocio fi!e% i% a"%'er %ai"$ a e 'a% i"deed cou"%e! of e%coo! a% 'e!! a% of Ta" a"d er fami! *u de"ie% e %e-ua!!a%%au!ed er.

Te !o'er Cour a"d e So!icior 1e"era! com9!eed e reBuired9!eadi"$% a"d

u% for'arded e ca%e o e SC

ISSUE:8ON e ad# i" fac# %e-ua!! a%%au!ed e Com9!ai"a"# a%a co"%eBue"ce of 'ic e !aer *e$o a ci!d * im (a"d i% u% a$rou"d for Trocio% di%*arme" for immora! co"duc). NO

RATIO: Com9!ai" for di%*arme" di%mi%%ed

Te cour fou"d i"%ufficie" *a%i% for e a!!e$aio"%.

Te a!!e$ed rea o de9or er u%*a"d cou!d "o o!d *ecau%e

%e admied avi"$ !o% co"ac 'i er u%*a"d 'e" e !ear"edof e re%9o"de"% ra"%$re%%io" a ver %ame eve"i"$. Te fearad u% *ecome i"e-i%e".

Eve" afer e a!!e$ed i"cide"# %e co"i"ued avi"$ dea!i"$% 'ie re%9o"de"G'i Trocio aci"$ a% er 9er%o"a! a"d fami!% !e$a!cou"%e!Ga% ou$ "oi"$ a99e"ed.

Com9!ai"a"% co"e"io" a Re%9o"de" co"i"ued %u99ori"$e ci!d for %evera! ear% for 'ic rea%o" %e de%i%ed fromcar$i"$ im crimi"a!!# a% "o *ee" %u*%a"iae. I" fac# e faca %e e9 er 9eace for %o ma" ear% ca" eve" *e co"%rued a%co"do"aio". I i% !ie'i%e %ra"$e a a" u"'a"ed %o"# a% e ci!d'ou!d "orma!! ave *ee"# %ou!d# of a!! "ame%# *e ca!!ed Q0e'e!.

8i"e%%# E!ueeria% (dome%ic e!9) e%imo" did "o o!d a% o'"ear %e 'a% o e crime %ce"e# co"%ideri"$ i a!!e$ed! a99e"edi" %coo! 9remi%e%# a% "o *ee" %o'".

Te%imo"ie% of Fe!icidad a"d 'i"e%% ari!ou (a"oer dome%ice!9) o %o' u"u%ua! c!o%e"e%% *e'ee" Trocio a"d 0e'e!# !ie9!ai"$ 'i im a"d $ivi"$ im o%# are "o co"vi"ci"$ e"ou$ o9rove 9aer"i.

Picure% of 0e'e! a"d Trocio %o'i"$ a!!e$ed! eir 9%ica!!ie"e%% o eac oer i% i"co"c!u%ive evide"ce o 9rove 9aer"i#

a"d muc !e%% 'ou!d i 9rove vio!aio" of Com9!ai"a"% 9er%o"

ore im9ora"!# 0e'e! Ta" 'a% *or" duri"$ e 'ed!oc ofCom9!ai"a" a"d er u%*a"d a"d e 9re%um9io" %ou!d * i" favorof !e$iimac u"!e%% 9%ica! acce%% *e'ee" e cou9!e 'a%im9o%%i*!e. From e evide"ce o" a"d# e 9re%um9io" a% "o*ee" overcome * adeBuae a"d co"vi"ci"$ 9roof. I" fac# 0e'e! 'a%re$i%ered i" i% *ir cerificae a% e !e$iimae ci!d of eFe!icidad a"d er u%*a"d# Ta" Le Po.

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM

ELAINE A. OORE# 9eiio"er>a99e!!a"#

v%.

REPLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES# o99o%ior>a99e!!ee.

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11/110

Fide! A. Sa"dova! for 9eiio"er>a99e!!a".

Office of e So!icior 1e"era! for o99o%ior>a99e!!ee.

ATISTA AN1ELO# 0.,

E!ai"e A. oore fi!ed a 9eiio" *efore e Cour of Fir% I"%a"ce ofRi2a! 9rai"$ a er ci!d * a former marria$e# 8i!!iam icae!Ve!arde# *e 9ermied o ca"$e i% "ame %o a% o read 8i!!iamicae! Ve!arde oore.

Afer 9u*!i%i"$ e 9eiio" a% reBuired * !a'# ria! 'a% e!d duri"$'ic e 9arie% %u*mied a %i9u!aio" of fac%. Tereafer# eria! cour i%%ued a" order de"i"$ e 9eiio" 'ereu9o" 9eiio"eri"er9o%ed e 9re%e" a99ea!.

Peiio"er i% a" America" cii2e" former! married o 0o%e9 P.Ve!arde# a!%o a" America" cii2e"# ou of 'o%e 'ed!oc a ci!d *e "ame of 8i!!iam icae! Ve!arde 'a% *or". Ti% ci!d# "o' 35ear% o!d# 'a% *or" o" 0a"uar 34# 345 a Lo% A"$e!e%# Ca!ifor"ia#.S.A.

Te marria$e of 9eiio"er o Ve!arde 'a% %u*%eBue"! di%%o!ved *a decree of divorce i%%ued * e Su9erior Cour of e Sae ofCa!ifor"ia o" a +3# 3454. Afer %aid decree *ecame fi"a!#9eiio"er co"raced a %eco"d marria$e 'i =o" C. oore o"

Se9em*er 64# 34/: a Lo% A"$e!e%# Ca!ifor"ia# .S.A.# a"d ereafere mi"or !ived co"i"uou%! 'i e %9ou%e% u9 o e 9re%e"ime. He 'a% %u99ored * oore 'o a% a!'a% reaed im 'i!ove a"d affecio" a% if e 'ere i% rue faer. I" vie' of i%armo"iou% re!aio" i i% 9eiio"er7% de%ire a e mi"or *e a*!e ou%e e "ame oore afer i% fami! "ame Ve!arde.

Te $over"me" o99o%e% e 9eiio" a"d "o' 9o%e% e fo!!o'i"$i%%ue%, (3) 'eer u"der our !a'% a mi"or ma *e 9ermied oado9 a"d u%e e %ur"ame of e %eco"d u%*a"d of i% moer (6)'eer ?u%ifia*!e rea%o"% e-i% o a!!o' %uc ca"$e of "ame a"d'eer 9eiio"er# a% moer of e mi"or# a% e auori or9er%o"a!i o a% for %uc a ca"$e.

A"e" e fir% i%%ue# e $over"me" %u%ai"% a "e$aive %a"d fore rea%o" a our !a'% do "o auori2e a !e$iimae ci!d o u%ee %ur"ame of a 9er%o" 'o i% "o i% faer# for# a% a maer offac# Aric!e +:5 of Civi! Code %9ecifica!! 9rovide% a !e$iimaeci!dre" %a!! 9ri"ci9a!! u%e e %ur"ame of eir faer. e"io" i%a!%o made of Aric!e +:4 of e %ame Code 'ic 9rovide% a i"ca%e of a""u!me" of avoida*!e marria$e e ci!dre" co"ceived*efore e a""u!me" %e 9ri"ci9a!! u%e e %ur"ame of e faer#a"d co"%ideri"$ * a"a!o$ e effec of a decree of divorce# ico"c!uded a e ci!dre" 'o are co"ceived *efore %uc a decree%ou!d a!%o *e u"der%ood a% carri"$ e %ur"ame of e rea!faer# 'ic# i" i% ca%e# i% Ve!arde.

8e fi"d e"a*!e i% o*%ervaio" of $over"me"7% cou"%e!. I"deed# ifa ci!d *or" ou of a !a'fu! 'ed!oc *e a!!o'ed o *ear e %ur"ameof e %eco"d u%*a"d of e moer# %ou!d e fir% u%*a"d die or

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*e %e9araed * a decree of divorce# ere ma re%u! a co"fu%io" oi% rea! 9aer"i. I" e !o"$ ru" e ca"$e ma redou"d o e9re?udice of e ci!d i" e commu"i.

8i!e e 9ur9o%e 'ic ma ave a"imaed 9eiio"er i% 9!au%i*!ea"d ma ru" a!o"$ e fee!i"$ of cordia!i a"d %9iriua! re!aio"%i9a 9ervade% amo"$ e mem*er% of e oore fami!# our a"d i%deferred * a !e$a! *arrier 'ic 'e ca""o a 9re%e" over!oo or*ru% a%ide.3'93.U

A"oer facor o *e reco"ed 'i i% e fac a e ci!dco"cer"ed i% %i!! a mi"or 'o for e 9re%e" ca""o faom 'a'ou!d *e i% fee!i"$ 'e" e come% o maure a$e. A" 'a# if eime come%# e ma decide e maer for im%e!f a"d ae %uc

acio" a% our !a' ma 9ermi. For e 9re%e" 'e deem e acio"ae" * 9eiio"er 9remaure.

8HEREFORE# e order a99ea!ed from i% affirmed. No co%%.

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM

Na!do2a v% Re9u*!ic (1.R. No. L>///+@)

FACTS,

o%ima Na!do2a 'a% married o =io"e%io =ivi"a$racia.Te *e$o 'o ci!dre" "amed =io"e%io 0r. a"d om*i Ro*ero.o%ima7% u%*a"d !ef er afer %e co"fro"ed im 'i i% 9reviou%marria$e 'i a"oer 'oma". He "ever reur"ed o e co"?u$a!a*ode. He a!!e$ed! %'i"d!ed Co"$. a$!a"a i" e %um of /;#;;;.;;

9e%o% a"d o"e 1a!a$ar i" e %um of 3;#;;;.;; 9e%o%# a!%o E!o1a!!e"e% a"d oer 9er%o"%.

Te c!a%%mae% of =io"e%io 0r. a"d om*i Ro*ero a!!e$ed!ea%ed em a*ou eir faer *ei"$ a %'i"d!er. T'o crimi"a! ca%e%for e%afa 'ere fi!ed i" cour a$ai"% eir faer.

ISSE,

8eer or "o 'o mi"or% %ou!d *e a!!o'ed o di%co"i"ueu%i"$ eir faer7% %ur"ame a"d %ou!d u%e o"! eir moer7%%ur"ame.

HEL=,

No# e 'o mi"or% are "o a!!o'ed o di%co"i"ue u%i"$eir faer7% %ur"ame a"d eir moer7% %ur"ame i"%ead.

oer7% de%ire o ca"$e er ci!dre"7% %ur"ame %ou!d"o *e e %o!e co"%ideraio" for e ca"$e. A!%o# e!imi"ai"$faer7% %ur"ame * e mi"or ci!dre" mere! *ecau%e eir faeri% a" a!!e$ed %'i"d!er i% "o %ufficie" ?u%ificaio" for ca"$e of%ur"ame. To a!!o' e ca"$e of %ur"ame 'ou!d cau%e co"fu%io" a%o e mi"or% 9are"a$e a"d mi$ creae e im9re%%io" a emi"or% are i!!e$iimae.

Aric!e +:5 of e Civi! Code %ae% a !e$iimae a"d

!e$iimaed ci!dre" %a!! 9ri"ci9a!! u%e e %ur"ame of e faer.Te mi"or% =io"e%io 0r. a"d om*i Ro*ero# 'o are 9re%uma*!!e$iimae# are %u99o%ed o *ear 9ri"ci9a!! e %ur"ame=ivi"a$racia# eir faer7% %ur"ame. Ru!e 3;+# Secio" /# Ru!e% ofCour %ae%# e ca"$e of "ame i% a!!o'ed o"! 'e" ere are9ro9er a"d rea%o"a*!e ca%e% for %uc ca"$e.

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MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM

E=NA PA=ILLA AN1LANAN a% $uardia" ad !iem for mi"or ALFIEAN1ELO ACERO# 9eiio"er#

v%.

THE HONORALE INTERE=IATE APPELLATE CORT AN= AROCIOTAN CHE8 ACERO# re%9o"de"%.

1ANCAYCO# 0.,

Ti% i% a ca%e of a" i!!e$iimae ci!d 'o 'a% de"ied %u99or

9e"de"e !ie * e a99e!!ae cour. Te ci!d i% co"fu%ed a% o 'ae i% %u99o%ed o do. Peiio"er 9icured a *i$ ma" eai"$ a %ma!!ci!d 'ic 'i!! "o fai! o re9e! a"d orrif a!! dece" me". Seco"e"d% a i% ver ima$e readi! form% i%e!f i" e mi"d 'e"'e co"%ider i% ca%e.

Peiio"er fi!ed i" e Re$io"a! Tria! Cour of ue2o" Ci a" acio"for acua!# com9e"%aor a"d mora! dama$e% a"d %u99or for erci!d A!fie A"$e!o. Pe"di"$ e !ii$aio" a" a99!icaio" for %u99or9e"de"e !ie 'a% fi!ed o 'ic a" o99o%iio" 'a% fi!ed * 9rivae

re%9o"de". O" Novem*er 6# 34@5 e ria! cour ordered 9rivaere%9o"de" o 9a mo"! %u99or i" e amou" of P3#/;;.;; oe mi"or ci!d# A!fie. Privae re%9o"de" moved for areco"%ideraio" *u i% moio" 'a% de"ied o" =ecem*er /# 34@5.

He"ce# a 9eiio" for ceriorari 'a% fi!ed i" e Cour of A99ea!%Bue%io"i"$ e %aid order of e ria! cour.

I" a deci%io" daed arc 64# 34@5 3 e 9eiio" 'a% $ra"ed a"d

e order% of e ria! cour daed Novem*er 6# 34@5 'ere a""u!!ed'iou 9ro"ou"ceme" a% o co%%. A moio" for reco"%ideraio"ereof fi!ed * 9eiio"er 'a% de"ied o" Se9em*er 36# 34@/.

He"ce# e erei" a99ea! * 'a of ceriorari 'erei" 9eiio"errai%e% e fo!!o'i"$ i%%ue%,

I

THE ESTIONE= 0=1ENT INSISTE= IN I1NORIN1 THESTATTORY =ISTINCTION ET8EEN A NATRAL CHIL= AN= OTHERILLE1ITIATE CHIL=REN

II

THE APPELLATE CORT REFSE= TO ACCEPT THAT THE IRTHCERTIFICATE IN THIS CASE CONSTITTE= VOLNTARYRECO1NITION

III

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THE APPELLATE CORT IN ONE STROWE PT TO NA1HT THEREE=Y OR RELIEF PROVI=E= Y SPPORT PEN=ENTE LITE. 6

Te 9eiio" i% im9re%%ed 'i meri.

I" e Bue%io"ed deci%io" of e a99e!!ae cour# e fo!!o'i"$di%Bui%iio"% 'ere made,

Te 9eiio"er7% co"e"io" i% 'e!! ae". 8i!e e ci!d7% 9aer"ia99ear% o ave *ee" e%a*!i%ed * e affidavi% of e re%9o"de"Ed"a Padi!!a a"$u!a*"a" a% 'e!! a% * e affidavi% of er 'o'i"e%%e%# i% fac a!o"e 'ou!d "o *e %ufficie" o order e9eiio"er o 9a %u99or o e ci!d. I" addiio"# i i% "ece%%ar o9rove a e 9eiio"er a% reco$"i2ed e ci!d. For e%e are 'odi%i"c Bue%io"%. (Cri%o!o v. acadae$# 45 Pi!. @:6 X34/5 Cru2 v.Ca%i!!o# 6@ SCRA 34 X34:4).

A% e civi! %au% of e ci!d i% e %ource from 'ic e ri$ o%u99or i% derived# ere mu% *e a dec!araio" o a effec *efore%u99or ca" *e ordered. Suc a dec!araio" ma *e 9rovi%io"a!# i*ei"$ %ufficie" a affidavi% are co"%idered. (Cri%o!o v. acadae$#%u9ra a"$oma v. acadae$# 4; Pi!. /;@ X34/3 Sa"ce2 v.Fra"ci%co# :@ Pi!. 33; X34+4). u e Bue%io" mu% "evere!e%%

*e %Buare! re%o!ved. I ma *e a e *ir cerificae i% 9rimafacie evide"ce of ac"o'!ed$me" of e ci!d# %o a u"i! i i%fi"a!! %o'" o *e %9uriou% i mu% *e u9e!d. (Civi! Code# Ar. 53;Ar. No. +/+# %ec. 3+). O" e oer a"d# i ma *e a i%9ro*aive va!ue i% im9aired * e verified o99o%iio" of e

9eiio"er. Te%e are# o'ever Bue%io"% for e ria! cour o re%o!vei" 9a%%i"$ o" e a99!icaio" for %u99or 9e"de"e !ie

I" e %u*%eBue" re%o!uio" daed Se9em*er 36# 34@/# e

a99e!!ae cour a!%o made e fo!!o'i"$ o*%ervaio"%,

Te co"e"io" a% "o meri. A!ou$ Ar. 643# i" e"umerai"$o%e e"i!ed o %u99or# refer% i" 9ara$ra9 + o 7ac"o'!ed$ed"aura! ci!dre"#7 a"d i" 9ara$ra9 / %im9! o 7i!!e$iimae ci!dre"'o are "o "aura!7 "o"ee!e%% ere i% a "eed for e !aer c!a%%of ci!dre" (%9uriou%) o *e reco$"i2ed eier vo!u"ari! or *?udicia! decree# oer'i%e e ca""o dema"d %u99or. Te 9rivaere%9o"de" co"e"d% a e ca%e% cied i" e deci%io" (Cri%o!o v.acadae$# 45 Pi!. @:6 X34/5 Cru2 v. Ca%i!!o# 6@ SCRA 34 X!4:4)

refer o e ri$ of "aura! ci!dre" o %u99or. Te 9ri"ci9!e#o'ever# i% e %ame. Tu% i" Pau!i"o v. Pau!i"o# 33+ Pi!. :4X34:3# 'ic i"vo!ve% a c!aim o i"eria"ce * a %9uriou% ci!d# i'a% e!d,

A" i!!e$iimae (%9uriou%) ci!d o *e e"i!ed o %u99or a"d%ucce%%io"a! ri$% from i% 9uaive or 9re%umed 9are"% mu%9rove i% fi!iaio" o em. Fi!iaio" ma *e e%a*!i%ed * evo!u"ar or com9u!%or reco$"iio" of e i!!e$iimae (%9uriou%)ci!d. Reco$"iio" i% vo!u"ar 'e" made i" e record of *ir# a

'i!!# a %aeme" *efore a cour of record# or i" a" aue"ic'rii"$.7 I i% com9u!%or 'e" * cour acio" e ci!d *ri"$% a*oui% reco$"iio".

Aric!e 643 of e Civi! Code 9rovide% a% fo!!o'%,

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ART 643. Te fo!!o'i"$ are o*!i$ed o %u99or eac oer o e'o!e e-e" %e for i" e 9recedi"$ aric!e,

(3) Te %9ou%e%

(6) Le$iimae a%ce"da"% a"d de%ce"da"%

(+) Pare"% a"d ac"o'!ed$ed "aura! ci!dre" a"d e!e$iimae de%ce"da"% of e !aer

(5) Pare"% a"d "aura! ci!dre" * !e$a! ficio" a"d e!e$iimae a"d i!!e$iimae de%ce"da"% of e !aer

(/) Pare"% a"d i!!e$iimae ci!dre" 'o are "o "aura!.

roer% a"d %i%er% o'e eir !e$iimae a"d "aura! *roer% a"d%i%er%# a!ou$ e are o"! of e a!f *!ood# e "ece%%arie% of!ife 'e" * a 9%ica! or me"a! defec# or a" oer cau%e "o

im9ua*!e o e reci9ie"%# e !aer ca""o %ecure eir%u*%i%e"ce. Ti% a%%i%a"ce i"c!ude%# i" a 9ro9er ca%e# e-9e"%e%"ece%%ar for e!eme"ar educaio" a"d for 9rofe%%io"a! orvocaio"a! rai"i"$.

From e fore$oi"$ 9rovi%io" i i% c!ear a 9are"% a"d i!!e$iimaeci!dre" 'o are "o "aura! ci!dre" are a!%o o*!i$ed o %u99oreac oer a% %9ecified i" 9ara$ra9 No. / a*ovecied. I i% o *edi%i"$ui%ed from e o*!i$aio" o %u99or eac oer a% *e'ee"e 9are"% a"d ac"o'!ed$ed "aura! ci!dre" a"d e !e$iimae ori!!e$iimae ci!dre" of e !aer a"d a *e'ee" 9are"% a"d

"aura! ci!dre" * !e$a! ficio" a"d e !e$iimae a"d i!!e$iimaede%ce"da"% of e !aer u"der 9ara$ra9% (+) a"d (5) a*ovecied.

"der Aric!e 6@ of e Civi! Code i i% 9rovided,

ART. 6@. I!!e$iimae ci!dre" oer a" "aura! i" accorda"ce'i Aric!e 6:4 a"d oer a" "aura! ci!dre" * !e$a! ficio" aree"i!ed o %u99or a"d %uc %ucce%%io"a! ri$% a% are $ra"ed i"

i% Code.

I" i% ca%e 9eiio"er e%a*!i%ed e 9aer"i of e ci!d# A!fie "oo"! * er o'" affidavi *u a!%o * e affidavi% of 'o (6)'i"e%%e%. I" addiio" ereo 9eiio"er %u*mied a *ir cerificaeof e ci!d. Te 9rivae re%9o"de" c!aim% a e %ame i% %9uriou%a% i 'a% %'or" *efore a "oar 9u*!ic i" a"i!a 'e" e ci!d 'a%*or" i" Cavie aer"i C!i"ic i" La% Pi"a% Ri2a!.

Tere mu% *e a dec!araio" of e %au% of e ci!d from 'ic eri$ o %u99or i% derived a"d *efore %u99or ca" *e ordered. Suca dec!araio" ma *e 9rovi%io"a!# a i%# * affidavi%. +

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8i!e e a99e!!ae cour c!aim% a e *ir cerificae i% 9rimafacie evide"ce of ac"o'!ed$me" of e ci!d# a"d a u"i! i i%fi"a!! 9roved o *e %9uriou% i mu% *e u9e!d# 5 i "evere!e%%o*%erved a i% 9ro*aive va!ue i% im9aired * e verifiedo99o%iio" of e 9rivae re%9o"de".

Peiio"er co"e"d%# o'ever# a e ci!d i% e"i!ed o %u99oru9o" 9roof of fi!iaio" o 9rivae re%9o"de" 'iou "eed ofac"o'!ed$me".

Te a99e!!ae cour di%a$ree% a"d o!d% a eve" a% o i!!e$iimaeci!dre" 'o are "o "aura! ci!dre"# ere i% a "eed for e !aerc!a%% of ci!dre" (%9uriou% ci!dre") o *e reco$"i2ed eiervo!u"ari! or * ?udicia! decree# oer'i%e e ca""o dema"d

%u99or# a% i" e ca%e of a" ac"o'!ed$ed "aura! ci!d.

Te Cour di%a$ree%. Te reBuireme" for reco$"iio" * e faeror moer ?oi"! or * o"! o"e of em a% 9rovided * !a' refer% i"9aricu!ar o a "aura! ci!d u"der Aric!e 6: of e Civi! Code. Suca ci!d i% 9re%umed o *e e "aura! ci!d of e 9are"% reco$"i2i"$i 'o ad e !e$a! ca9aci o co"rac marria$e a e ime ofco"ce9io". / Tu%# a" i!!e$iimae ci!d !ie e mi"or A!fie i" i%ca%e 'o%e faer# e 9rivae re%9o"de" erei"# i% married a"dad "o !e$a! ca9aci o co"rac marria$e a e ime of i%

co"ce9io" i% "o a "aura! ci!d *u a" i!!e$iimae ci!d or %9uriou%ci!d i" 'ic ca%e reco$"iio" i% "o reBuired *efore %u99or ma *e$ra"ed. :

Ho'ever# u"der Aric!e @@ of e Civi! Code# i" a!! ca%e% ofi!!e$iimae ci!dre"# eir fi!iaio" mu% *e 9roved. Suc fi!iaio" ma*e 9roved * e vo!u"ar or com9u!%or reco$"iio" of ei!!e$iimae (%9uriou% ci!d). Reco$"iio" i% vo!u"ar 'e" made i"e record of *ir# a 'i!!# a %aeme" *efore a cour of record or i"a" aue"ic 'rii"$. I i% com9u!%or 'e" * cour acio" e

ci!d *ri"$% ou i% reco$"iio". @

A% a*ove re!aed e affidavi% of 9eiio"er a"d e 'o (6)'i"e%%e% 'ere 9re%e"ed o 9rove e 9aer"i of e ci!d# a"d a*ir cerificae 'a% a!%o 9re%e"ed o corro*orae e %ame. TeCour a$ree% 'i e cour a Buo a e %au% of e mi"or ci!dad *ee" 9rovi%io"a!! e%a*!i%ed.

I"deed# i" re%9o"%e o e re%o!uio" of i% Cour daed Fe*ruar 35#34@4# if e 9arie% are %i!! i"ere%ed i" 9ro%ecui"$ i% ca%e#9eiio"er i" a ma"ife%aio" fi!ed o" arc 66# 344;# a%%ered a%e i% %i!! i"ere%ed a"d a i" fac e Re$io"a! Tria! Cour i" Civi!Ca%e No. A>+44@/ a% re"dered a deci%io" daed A9ri! 4# 34@$ra"i"$ o 9eiio"er>a99e!!a" mi"or a mo"! %u99or ofP/#;;;.;; o *e 9aid o" or *efore e fif da of ever mo". 4

8HEREFORE# e 9eiio" i% 1RANTE=. Te Bue%io"ed deci%io" ofe a99e!!ae cour daed arc 64# 34@/ a"d i% re%o!uio" daed

Se9em*er 36# 34@/ are ere* REVERSE= AN= SET ASI=E a"d eorder of e ria! cour daed Novem*er 6# 34@5 $ra"i"$ a mo"!%u99or 9e"de"e !ie i" favor of e mi"or ci!d# A!fie i" e amou"of P3#/;;.;; i% rei"%aed a"d AFFIRE= 'i co%% a$ai"% 9rivaere%9o"de".

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SO OR=ERE=.


CATALINA OSEZA =E VALENCIA# ET AL.# 9!ai"iff%>a99e!!a"%#

v%.EILIA RO=RI1E# ET AL.# defe"da"%>a99e!!ee%.

Sao a"d Re9o!!o for a99e!!a"%.

Fi!emo" Soo for a99e!!ee%.

PARAS# 0.,

I" a" acio" i"%iued i" e Cour of Fir% I"%a"ce of Ce*u# e9!ai"iff% 9raed for a" i"?u"cio" re%rai"i"$ e defe"da"%# fromu%i"$ e %ur"ame !a'>'ife# defe"da" Emi!ia Rodri$ue2. I i%accordi"$! co"e"ded * e 9!ai"iff% a e a!o"e ave eri$ o *ear e %ur"ame


18/110

Feria# 0.# co"cur% i" e re%u!.

Se9arae O9i"io"%

OAETA#. 0.# co"curri"$ a"d di%%e"i"$,

I co"cur i" e affirma"ce of e order a99ea!ed from o" efo!!o'i"$ $rou"d, I a99ear% from 9ara$ra9 / of e com9!ai" ae defe"da" Pio E. Va!e"cia a% a!!o'ed i% i!!e$iimae ci!dre" *i% codefe"da" Emi!ia Rodri$ue2 o *ear i% %ur"ame eve" afere ad reaced e a$e of rea%o". From i% a!!e$aio" i ma *e

i"ferred a %i"ce eir *ir e%e i!!e$iimae ci!dre" ave *ee"$ive" a"d ave *or"e e %ur"ame of eir faer 'i e !aer7%co"%e". Te 9!ai"iff% 9redicae eir ca%e u9o" Aric!e% 335# 3+4#a"d @5/ of e Civi! Code a"d Ru!e 3;+ of e Ru!e% of Cour. Aric!e335 %a% a !e$iimae ci!dre" %a!! ave e ri$ o *ear e%ur"ame% of eir faer a"d moer a"d aric!e% 3+4 a"d @5/ %aa i!!e$iimae ci!dre" 'o ave "o e %au% of "aura! ci!dre"%a!! *e e"i!ed o"! o %u99or. Ru!e 3;+ of e Ru!e% of Cour9re%cri*e% e 9rocedure for ca"$e of "ame. 9o" e fac% a!!e$edi" e com9!ai"# e%e %auor 9rovi%io"% are "o %ufficie"# i" mo9i"io"# o e"i!e e 9!ai"iff% o e re!ief %ou$ * eircom9!ai". Te mere fac a !e$iimae ci!dre" ave e ri$ o*ear e %ur"ame% of eir 9are"% a"d i!!e$iimae ci!dre" aree"i!ed o"! o %u99or# doe% "o "ece%%ari! im9! a e faerma "o vo!u"ari! 9ermi i% i!!e$iimae ci!dre" o *ear i%%ur"ame. Ru!e 3;+ i% "o a99!ica*!e *ecau%e i i% "o a!!e$ed i" ecom9!ai" a e 'e!ve defe"da"% 'o are a!!e$ed o *ei!!e$iimae ci!dre" of eir codefe"da" Pio E. Va!e"cia ave

i!!e$a!! ca"$ed eir %ur"ame from %ome oer o a of Va!e"cia.O" e co"rar 'e i"fer from e com9!ai" a %i"ce eir *ire ave a!'a% *or"e a %ur"ame 'i e "o'!ed$e a"dco"%e" of eir 9uaive faer.

I di%%e" from %o muc of e ma?ori o9i"io" a ma co"ve eidea (3) a a 9er%o" 'o c!aim% o *e e i!!e$iimae ci!d ofa"oer ma u%e or ado9 e %ur"ame of e !aer eve" a$ai"% i%'i!! a"d 'iou i% co"%e"# a"d 'iou auori2aio" from ecour a"d (6) a a" 9er%o" i% free o u%e a" %ur"ame e maave a fa"c for 'iou e auori2aio" of e cour eve" ou$e ma "o ave ori$i"a!! *or"e a %ur"ame. Co"cer"i"$ e fir%idea# I am of e o9i"io" a a 9er%o" ca""o ad?udicae o im%e!f a%au% 'ic adver%e! affec% a"oer 'iou e !aer7% co"%e"or 'iou e i"erve"io" of e cour. A"d a% o e %eco"d idea# ii% c!ear from Ru!e 3;+ a a 9er%o" ca""o ado9 a "e' "ame# or

u%e o"e oer a" a e a% ori$i"a!! *or"e# 'iou com9!i"$'i e reBui%ie% 9rovided for i" %aid ru!e.


A"da! v%. acarai$

1R No. 655# a +;# 34/3

FACTS,

aria"o A"da!# a mi"or# a%%i%ed * i% moer aria =ue"a%# fi!ed acom9!ai" for e recover of e o'"er%i9 a"d 9o%%e%%io" of a9arce! of !a"d o'"ed * Emi!ia"o A"da! a"d aria =ue"a%. Eduvi$i%acarai$# erei" defe"da"# do"aed e !a"d * virue of do"aio"

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9ro9er "u9ia% i" favor of Emi!ia"o. Te !aer 'a% %ufferi"$ fromu*ercu!o%i% i" 0a"uar 3453. Hi% *roer# Fe!i-# e" !ived 'i emo 'or i% ou%e a"d farm. Emi!ia"o *ecame %o 'ea a e ca"ard! move a"d $e u9 from i% *ed. Someime i" Se9em*er3456# e 'ife e!o9ed 'i Fe!i- a"d !ived a e ou%e of aria%faer u"i! 345+. Emi!ia"o died i" 0a"uar 3# 345+ 'ere e 'ife

did "o ae"d e fu"era!. O" 0u"e 3# 345+# aria $ave *ir o a*o 'o 'a%# erei" 9eiio"er.

ISSE, 8ON aria"o A"da! i% a !e$iimae ci!d of e decea%ed.

HEL=,

Co"%ideri"$ a aria"o 'a% *or" o" 0u"e 3# 345+ a"d Emi!ia"odied o" 0a"uar 3# 345+# e former i% 9re%umed o *e a !e$iimae%o" of e !aer *ecau%e e 'a% *or" 'ii" +;; da% fo!!o'i"$ edi%%o!uio" of e marria$e. Te fac a e u%*a"d 'a% %eriou%!%ic i% "o %ufficie" o overcome e 9re%um9io" of !e$iimac.Ti% 9re%um9io" ca" o"! *e re*ued * 9roof a i 'a% 9%ica!!im9o%%i*!e for e u%*a"d o ave ad acce%% o i% 'ife duri"$ efir% 36; da% of e +;; da% "e- 9recedi"$ e *ir of e ci!d.Im9o%%i*i!i of acce%% * u%*a"d o 'ife i"c!ude% a*%e"ce duri"$e i"iia! 9eriod of co"ce9io"# im9oe"ce 'ic i% 9ae"# a"di"cura*!e a"d im9ri%o"me" u"!e%% i ca" *e %o'" a

coa*iaio" oo 9!ace rou$ corru9 vio!aio" of 9ri%o"re$u!aio"%. aria% i!!ici i"ercour%e 'i a ma" oer a" eu%*a"d duri"$ e i"iia! 9eriod doe% "o 9rec!ude coa*iaio"*e'ee" u%*a"d a"d 'ife.

He"ce# aria"o A"da! 'a% co"%idered a !e$iimae %o" of edecea%ed mai"$ im e o'"er of e 9arce! !a"d.


acada"$da"$ v% Cour of A99ea!% (1.R. No. L>54/56)

FACTS,

Re%9o"de" E!i2a*e e?ia% i% a married 'oma"# eru%*a"d Cri%9i" A"aa'. Se a!!e$ed! ad i"ercour%e 'i9eiio"er A"o"io acada"$da"$ %omeime i" arc 34:. Se a!%oa!!e$e% a due o e affair# %e a"d er u%*a"d %e9araed i"34:.

O" Oco*er +;# 34: ( mo"% or 63; da% fo!!o'i"$ ei!!ici e"cou"er)# %e $ave *ir o a *a* *o 'o 'a% "amedRo!a"do acada"$da"$ i" *a9i%ma! rie% e!d o" =ecem*er 65#34:.

ISSE,

3. 8eer or "o e ci!d Ro!a"do i% co"c!u%ive!9re%umed e !e$iimae i%%ue of e %9ou%e% E!i2a*e e?ia% a"dCri%9i" A"aa'.

6. 8eer or "o e 'ife ma i"%iue a" acio" a'ou!d *a%ardi2e er ci!d 'iou $ivi"$ er u%*a"d# e !e$a!!9re%umed faer# a" o99oru"i o *e eard.

HEL=,

3. Ye%# e ci!d Ro!a"do i% 9re%umed e !e$iimae i%%ue ofe %9ou%e% E!i2a*e e?ia% a"d Cri%9i" A"aa'.

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Te fac a e ci!d 'a% *or" a mere %eve" mo"% afere i"iia! %e-ua! co"ac *e'ee" e 9eiio"er a"d e re%9o"de"i% 9roof a e %aid ci!d 'a% "o e 9eiio"er %i"ce# fromi"dicaio"%# e came ou a% a "orma! fu!!>erm *a*.

Aric!e 6// of e Civi! Code# e ci!d Ro!a"do i%

co"c!u%ive! 9re%umed o *e e !e$iimae %o" of e re%9o"de"a"d er u%*a"d. Ti% 9re%um9io" *ecome% co"c!u%ive i" ea*%e"ce of 9roof a ere 'a% 9%ica! im9o%%i*i!i of acce%%*e'ee" e %9ou%e% i" e fir% 36; da% of e +;; da% 'ic9receded e *ir of e ci!d. Ti% 9re%um9io" of !e$iimac i%*a%ed o" e a%%um9io" a ere i% %e-ua! u"io" i" marria$e#9aricu!ar! duri"$ e 9eriod of co"ce9io". He"ce# 9roof of e9%ica! im9o%%i*i!i of %uc %e-ua! u"io" 9reve"% e a99!icaio"of e 9re%um9io". (To!e"i"o# Comme"arie% & 0uri%9rude"ce o"e Civi! Code# Vo!. 3# 9. /3+ cii"$ evi!aBua# Fami!ia 9. +33)

6. No# e 'ife ma "o i"%iue a" acio" a 'ou!d

*a%ardi2e er ci!d 'iou $ivi"$ er u%*a"d# e !e$a!!9re%umed faer# a" o99oru"i o *e eard.

Cri%9i" A"aa' %erved a% a refu$e afer e re%9o"de"%7rec!e%% a"d immora! 9ur%ui% afer er f!i"$%. A"d %e de!i*erae!did "o i"c!ude "or 9re%e" er u%*a"d i" i% ca%e *ecau%e %ecou!d "o ri% er %ceme. Se ad o *e cerai" a %uc %cemeo *a%ardi2e er o'" %o" for er %e!fi% moive% 'ou!d "o *e'ared.

He"ce# i" $e"era!# $ood mora!% a"d 9u*!ic 9o!ic reBuire aa moer %ou!d "o *e 9ermied o a%%er e i!!e$iimac of a ci!d

*or" i" 'ed!oc i" order o o*ai" %ome *e"efi for er%e!f (N.Y. F!i"v% Pierce# 3+: N.Y.S. 3;/:# cied i" 3; C.0.S. ). I" e ca%e of aci!d *or" or co"ceived i" 'ed!oc# evide"ce of i"fide!i or adu!erof e 'ife a"d moer i% "o admi%%i*!e o %o' i!!e$iimac# if erei% "o 9roof of e u%*a"d%7 im9oe"c or "o">acce%% o i% 'ife(Io'a>Crave" v% Se!'a# 65: N.8. @63# cied i" 3; C.0.S. +:). Te

Cour %a%# a"d a% *e'ee" e 9aer"i * e u%*a"d a"d e9aer"i of e 9aramour# a!! e circum%a"ce% *ei"$ eBua!# e !a'i% i"c!i"ed o fo!!o' e former# e"ce# e ci!d i% u% $ive" e*e"efi of !e$iimac.


TAN v%. TROCIO

FACTS,

Ta" fi!ed a di%*arme" ca%e a$ai"% A. Trocio for a!!e$ed! ra9i"$er a"d a% a re%u!# %e *ore a %o" "amed 0e'e!. Se $ave *ir o0e'e! duri"$ er marria$e 'i Ta! Lee Po.

ISSE,

8eer or "o 0e'e! i% e i!!e$iimae %o" of A. Trocio.

RLIN1,

0e'e! Ta" 'a% *or" duri"$ e 'ed!oc of Com9!ai"a" a"d eru%*a"d a"d e 9re%um9io" %ou!d *e i" favor of !e$iimac u"!e%%9%ica! acce%% *e'ee" e cou9!e 'a% im9o%%i*!e. From eevide"ce o" a"d# e 9re%um9io" a% "o *ee" overcome *

adeBuae a"d co"vi"ci"$ 9roof. I" fac# 0e'e! 'a% re$i%ered i" i%*ir cerificae a% e !e$iimae ci!d of e Fe!icidad a"d eru%*a"d# Ta" Le Po.


0AO VS CORT OF APPEALS

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Fac%,

Peiio"er (Rodo!fo 0ao) a"d Privae Re%9o"de" (Perico 0ao)'ere e %o"% of e decea%ed S9ou%e% I$"acio a"d A"drea 0ao 'odied i"e%ae i" 34@@ a"d 34@4.

Privae re%9o"de" fi!ed a 9eiio" for e i%%ua"ce of !eer%of admi"i%raio" i" e RTC of ue2o" Ci over e e%ae of i%9are"%. Pe"di"$ e a99oi"me" of a re$u!ar admi"i%raor# 9rivaere%9o"de" Perico moved a e *e a99oi"ed a% %9ecia!admi"i%raor# a!!e$i"$ a 9eiio"er Rodo!fo 'a% di%%i9ai"$ ea%%e% of e e%ae. Peiio"er moved for e di%mi%%a! of e9eiio" o" e $rou"d of im9ro9er ve"ue. He a!!e$ed a i%9are"% did "o re%ide i" ue2o" Ci duri"$ eir !ifeime *u i"A"$e!e% Ci# Pam9a"$a. He %u*mied docume"ar evide"ce%o'i"$ a i% decea%ed 9are"% 'ere re%ide"% of A"$e!e% Ci#Pam9a"$a.

Privae re%9o"de" Perico cou"ered a i% 9are"% re%ide%i" ue2o" Ci a"d i" fac# acua!! re%ided i" 9eiio"er% ou%e a%%o'" i" e dea cerificae 9re%e"ed *efore e cour. Peiio"erar$ued a i% 9are"% %a i" ue2o" Ci 'a% mere! ra"%iora"d a e dea cerificae% cou!d "o *e deemed co"c!u%iveevide"ce of e decede"% re%ide"ce.

Te ria! cour ru!ed i" favor of 9rivae re%9o"de" Perico.Te CA affirmed i" oo e ria! cour% deci%io". He"ce# i% 9eiio".

I%%ue,

8eer or "o e %e!eme" 9roceedi"$ 'a% 9ro9er! !aidi" ue2o" Ci.

He!d,

Ye%. Te %e!eme" 9roceedi"$ 'a% 9ro9er! !aid i" ue2o" Ci.

A% 9rovided for u"der e Ru!e% of Cour# e e%ae of a" i"a*ia"of e Pi!i99i"e% %a!! *e %e!ed or !eer% of admi"i%raio" $ra"edi" e 9ro9er cour !ocaed i" e 9rovi"ce 'ere e decede"re%ide% a e ime of i% dea.

Te Ru!e% of Cour refer% o re%ide"ce a e ime of dea# "o oe 9erma"e" re%ide"ce or domici!e. I" e ca%e of 1arcia>Fu!e v%CA# i 'a% e!d a e erm re%ide% co""oe% e- vi ermi"i Qacua!re%ide"ce a% di%i"$ui%ed from !e$a! re%ide"ce or domici!e. ---re%ide% %ou!d *e vie'ed or u"der%ood i" i% 9o9u!ar %e"%e#mea"i"$ e 9er%o"a!# acua! or 9%ica! a*iaio" of a 9er%o"#acua! re%ide"ce or 9!ace of a*ode. I %i$"ifie% 9%ica! 9re%e"ce i" a9!ace a"d acua! %a erea. I" i% 9o9u!ar %e"%e# e erm mea"%mere! re%ide"ce# a i%# 9er%o"a! re%ide"ce# "o !e$a! re%ide"ce ordomici!e. Re%ide"ce %im9! reBuire% *odi! 9re%e"ce a% a" i"a*ia"i" a $ive" 9!ace# 'i!e domici!e reBuire% *odi! 9re%e"ce a"d a!%o a"

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23/110

A e eari"$ of e co"em9 moio" e 9arie% 9re%e"edevide"ce o" e 9eiio"er7% ca9a*i!i o $ive %u99or. Afer eeari"$ o" e co"em9 moio"# e ca%e 'a% %e for ria! o" 0u! @#34@+# 'i due "oice o *o 9arie%# for e 9re%e"aio" of furerevide"ce * e 9eiio"er (defe"da") o" e mai" ca%e. Ho'ever#"eier e 9eiio"er# "or i% cou"%e!# a99eared a e eari"$. Te

cour dec!ared e ca%e %u*mied for deci%io". O" Au$u% @# 34@/# ire"dered ?ud$me" for e 9rivae re%9o"de" orderi"$ e9eiio"er o 9a e former %u99or of P/;; 9er mo" 9!u%aor"e7% fee% of P+#;;;# a"d co%%.

Peiio"er a99ea!ed o e Cour of A99ea!% (CA>1.R. No. CV ;:5/)'ic re"dered ?ud$me" o" arc # 34@@# a% fo!!o'%,

8HEREFORE# ?ud$me" a99ea!ed from i% ere* AFFIRE= 'i emodificaio" a e %u99or fi-ed i" e ?ud$me" a99ea!ed from i%i"crea%ed o O"e Tou%a"d Five Hu"dred (P3#/;;.;;) Pe%o%# 9aa*!e'ii" e fir% five da% of eac mo" a e 9!ai"iff% re%ide"ce.

=efe"da">a99e!!a" i% ere* ordered o 9a %u99or 9e"de"e !ieof P6;;.;; i" arrear% %i"ce Oco*er 34@ u9 o e ermi"aio" ofi% a99ea!. Co%% a$ai"% defe"da">a99e!!a". (9. 65# Ro!!o.)

O"ce more# e ca%e i% *efore % for revie' u9o" a 9eiio" a!!e$i"$a e Cour of A99ea!% erred,

3. i" fi"di"$ a e 9eiio"er ad admied i% 9aer"i i"

re!aio" o e mi"or Romue! 0erome ue"ave"ura a"d a e"ce%aid mi"or i% e"i!ed o receive %u99or from im

6. i" u9o!di"$ e ria! cour7% deci%io" *a%ed o" e evide"ce(co"%i%i"$ amo"$ oer% of e 9eiio"er7% *a!a"ce %ee%# audire9or% a"d admi%%io"% re$ardi"$ i% i"come) 9re%e"ed * e9arie% a e eari"$ of e 9!ai"iff% co"em9 moio"

+. i" i"crea%i"$ e amou" of %u99or $ra"ed * e ria!cour a"d

5. i" a99!i"$ Aric!e 64; of e Civi! Code i"%ead of Aric!e%64: a"d 64 of e %ame Code.

Te 9eiio" for revie' i% devoid of meri.

Te fir%# %eco"d# ird# a"d four i%%ue% rai%ed * e 9eiio" arefacua! i%%ue% 'ic i% Cour ma "o revie' u"der Ru!e 5/ of eRu!e% of Cour.

8eer or "o e 9eiio"er made a" admi%%io" of 9aer"i u"dere erm% of e ria! cour7% order daed Se9em*er 6:# 34#ere* *i"di"$ im%e!f o $ive %u99or o i% ci!d# e 9rivaere%9o"de" erei"# i% a fi"di"$ of fac.

So i% e Cour7% deermi"aio" of e amou" of %u99or 9aa*!e oe 9rivae re%9o"de". I 'a% 9erfec! 9ro9er for e Cour oco"%ider e evide"ce 9re%e"ed * e 9arie% a e eari"$ of e9!ai"iff % co"em9 moio" a$ai"% e defe"da"# a% evide"ce a!%oo" e meri% of e mai" ca%e. Te 9arie% did "o ave o re9eae riua! of 9re%e"i"$ e %ame evide"ce a!! over a$ai" o ecour. Te defe"da" (erei" 9eiio"er)# * fai!i"$ o a99ear a eeari"$ of e mai" ca%e o" 0u! @# 34@+ (9. 3# Ro!!o)# 'aived i%ri$ o adduce addiio"a! evide"ce. He"ce# e ma "o *e eard ocom9!ai" a e 'a% de"ied due 9roce%%.

8eer or "o e Cour of A99ea!% correc! deermi"ed a emi"or# 'o fi!ed i% acio" for %u99or i" 34 'e" e 'a% o"! a"i"fa" five (/) mo"% o!d# i% "o' (a% a" 33>ear o!d %ude") e"i!edo a" i"crea%e i" e amou" of %u99or a'arded o im * e ria!cour# i% a!%o a facua! i%%ue 'ic 8e ma "o re>e-ami"e a"drevie'.

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I" a" eve"# 8e fi"d "o rever%i*!e error i" e deci%io" of e Courof A99ea!%. Te i"crea%e i" e ci!d7% %u99or i% 9ro9er a"d i%%a"cio"ed * e 9rovi%io"% of Aric!e% 64;# 64: a"d 64 of e Civi!Code.

8HEREFORE# e 9eiio" i% de"ied for !ac of meri. Ti% deci%io" i%

immediae! e-ecuor.

SO OR=ERE=.


CHA WEN1 1IAP v TAC

FACTS,

8e are faced o"ce a$ai" 'D %i!! a"oer *id * 9eiio"er fore %au% of a !e$iimae eir. He a% fai!ed *efore & e 'i!! fai!a$ai".

I" i% ca%e# e 9eiio"er i"%i%% a e i% e %o" of edecea%ed S Wao & a i 'a% error for e re%9o"de" cour ore?ec i% c!aim.

Ti% ca%e aro%e 'e" Cua We"$ 1ia9 fi!ed o" a 34# 34@+a 9eiio" for %e!eme" of e e%ae of e !a S Wao i" e RTC.Te 9rivae re%9o"de" moved o di%mi%% for !ac of a cau%e of

acio" & of e 9eiio"er% ca9aci o fi!e e 9eiio". Te !aer# i'a% c!aimed# ad *ee" dec!ared a% "o e %o" of e %9ou%e Cuai"$ 1ua" & S Wao i" a"oer ca%e# for e %e!eme" of e e%aeof e !ae Cua i"$ 1ua". Te deci%io" i" a ca%e ad !o"$*ecome fi"a! & e-ecuor.

ISSE, 8ON e i% a !e$iimae eir of S Wao. NO

RATIO,

Te 9eiio"er i% *eai"$ a dead or%e. Te i%%ue of i%c!aimed fi!iaio" a% !o"$ *ee" %e!ed# & 'D fi"a!i# * "o !e%% a"i% Cour. Ta i%%ue ca""o *e re%urreced "o *ec i a% *ee" 9aido re% i" S Wao v CA# decided o" Se9 6@# 34@5. I" a ca%e# SWao f!a! & u"eBuivoca!! dec!ared a %e 'a%" e 9eiio"er%moer.

Te cour o*%erved rou$ 0. Hu$o 1uierre2# 0r,

QPeiio"er S Wao de"ie% a re%9o"de" Cua We"$ 1ia9 i%er %o" * e decea%ed Cua i"$ 1ua". Tu%# 9eiio"er%o99o%iio" fi!ed o" =ec. 3@4# 34:@ i% *a%ed 9ri"ci9a!! o" e $rou"da e re%9o"de" 'a%" e %o" of S Wao & e decea%ed *u ofa cerai" Cua E"$ Wu" & i% 'ife Ta" Wu.

Q Afer eari"$ o" e meri% 'Dc !a%ed for 3; r%# e courdi%mi%%ed e re%9o"de"% 9eiio" o" arc 6# 344 o" a fi"di"$a e i%" a %o" of 9eiio"ed S Wao & e decea%ed# & erefore#ad "o !a'fu! i"ere% i" e e%ae of e !aer & "o ri$ oi"%iue e i"e%ac 9roceedi"$%.

8o *eer a" S Wao er%e!f 'ou!d "o' if Cua We" 1ia9'a% rea!! er %o" ore a a"o"e e!%e# i 'a% S Wao 'o cou!d%a [ a% i"deed %e a% %aid e%e ma" r% [ a Cua We"$ 1ia9'a%" *e$oe" of er 'om*.

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM

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CABATBAT LIM v TAC

FACTS:Ti% i% a co"e% over e e%ae of e !ae =ra E%9era"2a Ca*a*a.Te 9eiio"er i% Vio!ea Ca*a*a Lim 'o c!aim% o *e er o"!ci!d a"d re%9o"de"% are e %i%er% of e docor a"d e ci!dre"of er decea%ed *roer%.

Peiio"er Vio!ea# er u%*a"d Lim ia Ciao a"d e Ca!a%iao i?o"Facor a%%ai! IAC% a"d TC% deci%io" fi"di"$ er "o o *e eoff%9ri"$ of e =ocor a"d e"ce# "o a !e$a! eir of e !ae =raCa*a*a.

Re%9o"de"% a!!e$e a Vio!ea i% mere! a 'ard (am9o") of e %9%E%9era"2a a"d Proce%o 'o %e!ered a"d %u99ored er fromci!dood# 'Do e *e"efi of forma! ado9io" 9roceedi"$%. Te9re%e" a% evide"ce o" e "o">fi!iaio" of Vio!ea e ff,3. A*%e"ce of a" record a E%9era"2a 'a% admied o e

o%9ia! 'ere Vio!ea 'a% *or" o" e da of er *ir

6. A*%e"ce of *ir cer of Vio!ea i" e fi!e% of cer% of !ive *ir%i" e o%9 from 345>5@+. Cer of e Civi! Re$i%rar 1e" %ai"$ a i% office a% "o *ir

record of Vio!ea5. Cer from Vio!ea %coo! a i" er fi!e%# e %9% 'ere !i%ed o"!

a% $uardia"% a"d "o a% 9are"%/. Te%imo" of o"e Am9aro Re%ide 'o 'a% a e o%9 a e

ime of Vio!ea% *ir a"d a %e me a 9aie" "amed e"iaLa%imo%a 'o $ave *ir o a *a* $ir! 'o $re' u9 o *e"o'" a% Vio!ea Ca*a*a.

Peiio"er de"ied e a!!e$aio"% a"d 9re%e"ed er *ir record%ai"$ a %e i% e !e$iimae ci!d of e %9%. a"d er marria$eco"rac 'erei" E%9era"2a a99eared a% er moer a"d a =eed ofA*% Sa!e 'erei" %e 'a% a%%i%ed a"d re9re%e"ed * er faerProce%o.

ISSUES:8ON TC% a"d CA% fi"di"$ a Vio!ea i% "o *or" of E%9era"2a

Ca*a*a i% co"c!u%ive o" e Su9reme Cour.YES

8ON com9!ai" i% a" acio" o im9u$" !e$iimac a"d Ar 6:+ CCca" *e a99!ied. NO

RATIO:3. Te facua! fi"di"$% of e cour% are e"i!ed o $rea re%9ec.

oreover# e a*%e"ce of a record of *ir of 9eiio"er Vio!ea i"e Office of e Civi! Re$i%rar 1e"era! 9u% a c!oud o" e$e"ui"e"e%% of er *ir record. Te record% of e o%9ia!%o' a o"! o"e 'oma" * e "ame of e"ia La%imo%a$ave *ir o a" i!!e$iimae ci!d o" e dae of Vio!ea% *ir.

6. ecau%e i% i% a" acio" o c!aim i"eria"ce of e re%9o"de"%a% !e$a! eir% of eir ci!d!e%% decea%ed au". Te do "o c!aima Vio!ea i% " i!!e$iimae ci!d of e decea%ed# *u a %e i%"o e decede"% ci!d a a!!. ei"$ "eier a !e$a!! ado9edci!d# "or a" ac"o'!ed$ed "aura! ci!d# "or a ci!d * !e$a!ficio" of =ra E%9era"2a Ca*a*a# Vio!ea i% "o a !e$a! eir ofe decea%ed. Peiio" de"ied.

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM

Liao v%. Liao

1R No. 3+@4:3# arc # 6;;6

FACTS,

8i!!iam Liao 0r.# e i!!e$iimae %o" of e decea%ed# a% re9re%e"ed* er moer (Cora2o")# fi!ed a 9eiio" orderi"$ 0ua"ia Ta"oi>Liao# Pear! L. Ta"# Tia L. Ta" a"d Li"da Liao o reco$"i2e a"dac"o'!ed$e e former a% a com9u!%or eir of e decea%ed a"d

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o *e e"i!ed o a!! %ucce%%io"a! ri$%. Liao 0r. 'a% i" co"i"uou%9o%%e%%io" a"d e"?ome" of e %au% a% e ci!d of e decea%edavi"$ *ee" reco$"i2ed a"d ac"o'!ed$ed a% %uc ci!d * edecede" duri"$ i% !ifeime. Tere 'ere 'o %ide% of e %or.Cora2o" mai"ai"ed a %e a"d e decea%ed 'ere !e$a!! married*u !ivi"$ %e9arae! for more a" 3; ear% a"d a e coa*ied

from 34:/ u"i! e dea of e decea%ed. O" e oer a"d# o"eof e cidre" of e decea%ed %aed a er mom a"d edecea%ed 'ere !e$a!! married a"d a er 9are"% 'ere "o%e9araed !e$a!! or i" fac.

ISSE, 8ON e 9eiio"er ca" im9u$" i% o'" !e$iimac o *e a*!eo c!aim from e e%ae of e decea%ed.

HEL=,

Im9u$"i"$ e !e$iimac of e ci!d i% a %ric! 9er%o"a! ri$ ofe u%*a"d# or i" e-ce9io"a! ca%e%# i% eir% for e rea%o" a e'a% e o"e direc! co"fro"ed 'i e %ca"da! a"d ridicu!e 'ice i"fide!i of i% 'ife 9roduced a"d e %ou!d *e e o"e o decide'eer o co"cea! a i"fide!i or e-9o%e i i" vie' of e mora!a"d eco"omic i"ere% i"vo!ved. He"ce# i 'a% e" %e!ed a e!e$iimac of e ci!d ca" o"! *e im9u$"ed i" a direc acio"*rou$ for a 9ur9o%e# * e 9ro9er 9arie% a"d 'ii" e 9eriod!imied * !a'.

Furermore# e cour e!d a ere 'a% "o c!ear# com9ee" a"d9o%iive evide"ce 9re%e"ed * e 9eiio"er a i% a!!e$ed faerad admied or reco$"i2ed i% 9aer"i.


IRENE REYES (a!ia% IRENE RAERO# a!ia% IRENE =EL1A=O)# OISESVILLANEVA a"d 1ENOVEVA RAERO# Peiio"er%# v%. CORT OFAPPEALS# PLACI=A =EL1A=O# =OIN1O =EL1A=O# PALA =EL1A=Oa"d A\IINA =EL1A=O# Re%9o"de"%.

Ti% i% a 9eiio" for ceriorari o revie' e of e Cour of A99ea!%S9ecia! =ivi%io" of Five daed Oco*er # 345 i" CA>1.R. No. L>554:5>R# rever%i"$ e deci%io" of e Cour of Fir% I"%a"ce ofaa"$a% ra"c I# daed =ecem*er 6:# 34:4 i" Civi! Ca%e No. 3355di%mi%%i"$ e acio" for reco"vea"ce.ca"ro*!e%virua!a'!i*rarca"ro*!e% virua! !a' !i*rar

O" 0a"uar 64# 34:# 9rivae re%9o"de"% a% 9!ai"iff% a com9!ai" i"e Cour of Fir% I"%a"ce of aa"$a% 9rai"$ a e defe"da"

Ire"e Ree%# a!ia% Ire"e Ramero or Ire"e =e!$ado# *e ordered oe-ecue a deed of reco"vea"ce i" favor of 9!ai"iff% P!acida=e!$ado# =omi"$o =e!$ado# a"d Pau!a =e!$ado over four 9arce!% of!a"d !ocaed i" Taa*a%# ue2o"# a"d o"e 9arce! of !a"d !ocaed i"Pa$*i!ao# ue2o"# a"d a"oer deed of reco"vea"ce i" favor of9!ai"iff a-imi"a =e!$ado over ree 9arce!% of !a"d !ocaed i"A!ia$a$# aa"$a%.ca"ro*!e%virua!a'!i*rar ca"ro*!e% virua!!a' !i*rar

I 'a% a!!e$ed i" e com9!ai" a e defe"da"% ru a*u%e ofco"fide"ce# fraud# decei# mi%re9re%e"aio" a"d oer fa!%ificaio"%%ucceed i" re$i%eri"$ i" e office% of e Re$i%er of =eed% ofue2o" a"d aa"$a% a docume" of %e!f>ad?udicaio" (E-i*i


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Cerificae of Ti!e No%. 443+# 3;+5@# 354+# T>335 a"d 3+5@4'ere ca"ce!!ed a"d "e' Tra"%fer Cerificae% of Ti!e 'ere i%%ued i"e "ame of Ire"e =e!$ado a defe"da" Ire"e =e!$ado i% "o ei!!e$iimae dau$er of Fra"ci%co =e!$ado# 'o died 'iou i%%ue#*u i% e !e$iimae dau$er of 1e"oveva Ramero a"d 0u%i"oRee% a 9!ai"iff% P!acida =e!$ado# =omi"$o =e!$ado a"d Pau!a

=e!$ado# %i%er% a"d *roer of e decea%ed Fra"ci%co =e!$ado aree eir% e"i!ed o i"eri from Fra"ci%co =e!$ado a"d a Pau!a#P!acido a"d =omi"$o =e!$ado defraed e e-9e"%e% of e !a%i!!"e%% a"d e fu"era! e-9e"%e% of Fra"ci%co =e!$ado a"d for e9ur9o%e e *orro'ed e %um of P #;;;.;; from eir "iece#9!ai"iff a-imi"a =e!$ado# a"d o 9a a-imi"a =e!$ado eco"veed o er e ree 9arce!% of !a"d de%cri*ed i"%u*9ara$ra9% (f) o ($) of 9ara$ra9 4 of e com9!ai". Te a!%oa!!e$ed a e defe"da" %9ou%e% Ire"e a"d oi%e% Vi!!a"ueva*orro'ed from 9!ai"iff% commo" fu"d e %um of P6+#;;;.;; 'ice u%ed i" e 9urca%e of a 9arce! of !a"d (99. 3>35# Record o"A99ea! 9. :+# rec.).ca"ro*!e%virua!a'!i*rar ca"ro*!e% virua! !a'!i*rar

O" or a*ou arc 6# 34:# defe"da" Ire"e =e!$ado# o"e of e9eiio"er% erei"# fi!ed a" a"%'er o e com9!ai" a"d %e u9 eaffirmaive defe"%e a %e i% e i!!e$iimae dau$er of edefe"da" 1e"oveva Ramero a"d e decea%ed Fra"ci%co =e!$adoa for %evera! ear% 9recedi"$ e *ir of Ire"e =e!$ado# ermoer 1e"oveva Ramero ad %e9araed from er !a'fu! u%*a"d0u%i"o Ree% a"d "ever reco"ci!ed %i"ce e" a"d a Ire"e 'a%*or" duri"$ e coa*iaio" of Fra"ci%co =e!$ado a"d 1e"ovevaRamero a% commo" !a' u%*a"d a"d 'ife# a"d %i"ce er *ir# !ived'i Fra"ci%co =e!$ado a"d 1e"oveva Ramero# 'o reared a"dreaed er a% eir ci!d# mai"ai"i"$ er a"d %e"di"$ er rou$co!!e$e. =efe"da"% a!%o de"ied avi"$ co"raced a de* of P6+#;;;.;; from 9!ai"iff%# or a 9!ai"iff% %9e" for e !a% i!!"e%%a"d fu"era! of Fra"ci%co =e!$ado. Ire"e =e!$ado !ie'i%e %e u9 a

cou"erc!aim# a!!e$i"$ a# a% e i!!e$iimae dau$er of Fra"ci%co=e!$ado# %e a% e ri$ o re9re%e" er faer o e i"eria"ce!ef * er $ra"dmoer (99. 3/>5+# Record o" A99ea! 9. :+#rec.).ca"ro*!e%virua!a'!i*rar ca"ro*!e% virua! !a' !i*rar

O" arc 3:# 34:# e 9!ai"iff% ru cou"%e! fi!ed a" a"%'er o ecou"erc!aim de"i"$ a e defe"da" Ire"e =e!$ado 'a% ei!!e$iimae ci!d of Fra"ci%co =e!$ado# a"d e"ce a% "o ri$ oc!aim from e e%ae of Fra"ci%co7% moer# e"i$"a Ca%i!!o# a"da e 9ro9erie% c!aimed * e defe"da" Ire"e =e!$ado "o!o"$er formed 9ar of e e%ae of e"i$"a Ca%i!!o a% %e ad9reviou%! di%9o%ed of em duri"$ er !ifeime (99. 5+>5:# Recordo" A99ea! 9. :+# rec.).ca"ro*!e%virua!a'!i*rar ca"ro*!e% virua!!a' !i*rar

O" Au$u% 3/# 34:# a 9re>ria! i" Civi! Ca%e No. 3355 'a%co"duced.ca"ro*!e%virua!a'!i*rar ca"ro*!e% virua! !a' !i*rar

O" arc 6/# 34:4# e 9!ai"iff% fi!ed a moio" o admi a" ame"deda"%'er o e cou"erc!aim 9o%ed * defe"da"# 'erei" e9!ai"iff% a!!e$ed a e cou"erc!aim of e defe"da"# i" %o far a%i 'ou!d ave e effec of *ei"$ a" i"direc acio" forac"o'!ed$me"# a% a!read 9re%cri*ed (99. /;>//# Record o"A99ea! 9. :+# rec.).ca"ro*!e%virua!a'!i*rar ca"ro*!e% virua! !a'!i*rar

O" A9ri! 35# 34:4# e !o'er cour admied e ame"ded a"%'er oe cou"erc!aim over e o*?ecio"% of e defe"da" (99. /:>:3#

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Record o" A99ea! 9. :+# rec.).ca"ro*!e%virua!a'!i*rar ca"ro*!e%virua! !a' !i*rar

Afer ria! o" e meri%# e Cour re"dered i% deci%io" o"

=ecem*er 6:# 34:4 di%mi%%i"$ e acio" for reco"vea"ce a"ddec!ari"$ defe"da" Ire"e =e!$ado e !a'fu! o'"er of e ei$9arce!% of !a"d. Te cou"erc!aim of Ire"e =e!$ado 'a% di%mi%%ed fori"%ufficie"c of evide"ce.ca"ro*!e%virua!a'!i*rar ca"ro*!e%virua! !a' !i*rar

o 9arie% a99ea!ed o e Cour of A99ea!% ("o' IAC)# e9!ai"iff% 'i re%9ec o eir com9!ai" a"d e defe"da"% 'ire%9ec o eir cou"erc!aim.ca"ro*!e%virua!a'!i*rarca"ro*!e%virua! !a' !i*rar

Te e" Cour of A99ea!% %ii"$ a% a S9ecia! =ivi%io" of Fivere"dered i% deci%io" o" Oco*er # 345# e di%9o%iive 9orio" of'ic read% a% fo!!o'%,

8erefore# e deci%io" of e cour a Buo i% ere* rever%ed. Tedeed of %e!f>ad?udicaio" e-ecued * Ire"e =e!$ado i% ere*dec!ared "u!! a"d void a"d %e a%ide. Te ra"%fer cerificae% of i!ei%%ued i" e "ame of Ire"e =e!$ado i" !ieu of Tra"%fer Cerificae of

Ti!e No%. 443+# 3;+5@# 354+# T>335 a"d 3+5@4 are ere*ca"ce!!ed# a"d T.C.T. 443+# 3;+5@# 354+# T>335 a"d 3+5@4 arerei"%aed i" e "ame of Fra"ci%co =e!$ado. Lie'i%e# ee-ra?udicia! dec!araio" e-ecued * Ire"e =e!$ado ad?udicai"$ oer%e!f e + 9arce!% of !a"d !ocaed i" A!ia$a$# aa"$a%# 'i Ta-

=ec!araio" No%. @:6/# @:6: a"d @:6 are dec!ared "u!! a"d void. Noco%% (99. /@>/4# rec.).

Te e" Cour of A99ea!% i" arrivi"$ a i% deci%io" fou"d a#

a!ou$ Ire"e =e!$ado 'a% e %9uriou% dau$er of Fra"ci%co=e!$ado# %e "evere!e%% ca""o i"eri from e e%ae of edecea%ed Fra"ci%co =e!$ado *ecau%e %e 'a% "o reco$"i2ed eiervo!u"ari! or * cour acio" (99. /6>/+#rec.).ca"ro*!e%virua!a'!i*rar ca"ro*!e% virua! !a' !i*rar

Te i!e% o e Bue%io"ed !o o'ever ca""o *e e-ecued i" favorof e 9!ai"iff% *ecau%e i" %o doi"$ i 'i!! *e i" effec a reco$"iio"* e cour a e 9!ai"iff% are e o"! eir% of Fra"ci%co=e!$ado o e 9re?udice of oer 9o%%i*!e eir% or credior% of e

decea%ed.ca"ro*!e%virua!a'!i*rar ca"ro*!e% virua! !a' !i*rar

A% o a!!e$ed !oa" co"raced * Ire"e from e 9!ai"iff%# e e"Cour of A99ea!% affirmed e !o'er cour7% deci%io" a i 'a%'iou meri# *ecau%e if i 'ere rue# e 9!ai"iff% cou!d avedema"ded a recei9 for %uc a *i$amou".ca"ro*!e%virua!a'!i*rar ca"ro*!e% virua! !a' !i*rar

Te cou"erc!aim of Ire"e a %e a% e %are o e i"eria"ce

of e"i$"a Ca%i!!o# Fra"ci%co =e!$ado7% moer# a"d er a!!e$ed%are i" e e-9e"%e% for e %ic"e%% a"d fu"era! of Fra"ci%co=e!$ado 'ic 'a% adva"ced * e 9!ai"iff%# "eed "o *e ru!edu9o" *ecau%e of e fi"di"$% a Ire"e i% "o a" eir of Fra"ci%co=e!$ado (99. />/@# rec.).ca"ro*!e%virua!a'!i*rar ca"ro*!e%virua! !a' !i*rar

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O" =ecem*er 6# 345# defe"da"%# 9eiio"er% erei"# fi!ed a 9eiio"o revie' e deci%io" of e Cour of A99ea!% (99. 66+#rec.).ca"ro*!e%virua!a'!i*rar ca"ro*!e% virua! !a' !i*rar

O" 0a"uar 6# 34/# e 9!ai"iff%# re%9o"de"% erei"# %u*miedeir comme" o" e 9eiio" for revie' fi!ed * e 9eiio"er (99.:>3# rec.).ca"ro*!e%virua!a'!i*rar ca"ro*!e% virua! !a' !i*rar

O" 0a"uar 3/# 34/# e 9eiio" for revie' fi!ed * 9eiio"er% 'a%de"ied i" a re%o!uio" * e Fir% =ivi%io" of e Su9reme Cour for!ac of meri (9. /# rec.).ca"ro*!e%virua!a'!i*rar ca"ro*!e%virua! !a' !i*rar

O" Fe*ruar 3@# 34/# 9eiio"er% fi!ed a moio" for reco"%ideraio"(99. @:>33+# rec.).ca"ro*!e%virua!a'!i*rar ca"ro*!e% virua! !a'!i*rar

O" A9ri! /# 34/# re%9o"de"% fi!ed eir comme"% o" e moio" forreco"%ideraio" fi!ed * 9eiio"er% (99. 3+;>3+5#rec.).ca"ro*!e%virua!a'!i*rar ca"ro*!e% virua! !a' !i*rar

O" A9ri! 6+# 34/# 9eiio"er% fi!ed eir re9! o re%9o"de"%7comme" (99. 33@>36/# rec.).ca"ro*!e%virua!a'!i*rar ca"ro*!e%virua! !a' !i*rar

O" a 6+# 34/# e Su9reme Cour reco"%idered i% re%o!uio"de"i"$ 9eiio"er%7 moio" for reco"%ideraio" (9. 356#rec.).ca"ro*!e%virua!a'!i*rar ca"ro*!e% virua! !a' !i*rar

I" eir 9eiio"# 9eiio"er% %ou$ o rever%e e deci%io" of eCour of A99ea!% rai%i"$ e fo!!o'i"$ ar$ume"%,

3. Tere are %ro"$ a"d co$e" rea%o"% ' i% Ho"ora*!eCour mu% reur" o a"d eve" e"a"ce e docri"e i" u2uarre$uiv%. u2uarre$ui# co"%ideri"$ %eriou% f!a'% i" e rea%o"i"$ of ecurre"! 9revai!i"$ docri"e# %o a a% ar$ue"do a"d 9ro ac vicea Ire"e 'a% "o du! reco$"i2ed or ac"o'!ed$ed a% i!!e$iimaeci!d# %e i% "evere!e%% e"i!ed o %ucce%%io"a! ri$% a% %o!e eirof e !ae Fra"ci%co =e!$ado# co"%ideri"$ a er fi!iaio" a%

i!!e$iimae dau$er of Fra"ci%co =e!$ado i% u"di%9ued a"d *eo"dBue%io" (9. 36# Peiio"er7% rief 9. 3:5#rec.).ca"ro*!e%virua!a'!i*rar ca"ro*!e% virua! !a' !i*rar

6. 9o" e oer a"d# i% ime a%%umi"$ ar$ue"do a"d 9roac vice a u"der e Civi! Code reco$"iio" of a" 7oeri!!e$iimae7 i% a 9re>reBui%ie o e"?ome" of ri$%# Ire"e =e!$ado'a% !e$a!! ac"o'!ed$ed * er faer Fra"ci%co =e!$ado# %9ecia!!* i% co"%e" or advice o er marria$e 'i oi%e% Vi!!a"uevaco"rar o e erro"eou% co"c!u%io"% of e Cour of A99ea!% (P. +4#Peiio"er7% rief# 9. 3:5# rec.).

Te 9eiio" i% 'iou meri.ca"ro*!e%virua!a'!i*rar ca"ro*!e%virua! !a' !i*rar

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Te docri"e a for a" i!!e$iimae ci!d oer a" "aura! oi"eri mu% *e fir% reco$"i2ed vo!u"ari! or * cour acio" i% 'e!!%e!ed i" Our ?uri%9rude"ce. (erci!!e% v%. 1SIS# 36@ SCRA /+ X34@5=ivi"a$racia v%. Rovira# 6 SCRA +; X34: C!emea v%. C!emea#

65 SCRA 6; X34:@ No*!e v%. No*!e# 3@ SCRA 33;5 X34::Re9u*!ic v%. 8orme"7% Com9e"%aio" Commi%%io"# 3+ SCRA 66X34:4 Pau!i"o v%. Pau!i"o# + SCRA +; X34:3 ar!e% v%. Po"ceE"ri!e# 3;4 Pi!. /66 X34:;).ca"ro*!e%virua!a'!i*rar ca"ro*!e%virua! !a' !i*rar

Tere i% "o rea%o" o overur" i% docri"e a"d rever o 'a 'a%e"u"ciaed i" e ca%e of u2uarre$ui v%. u2uarre$ui (3;+ Pi!. +5:X34/@) a% %u$$e%ed * erei" 9eiio"er% i" eir fir% a%%i$"me"of error%.ca"ro*!e%virua!a'!i*rar ca"ro*!e% virua! !a' !i*rar

I i% e co"e"io" of e 9eiio"er% a e %i!e"ce of e Civi!Code a% o e reco$"iio" of i!!e$iimae ci!dre" oer a" "aura!#i" co"ra% o "aura! ci!dre" 'o are e-9re%%! reBuired o *ereco$"i2ed i" order o i"eri# o"! mea" a i!!e$iimae ci!dre""eed "o *e reco$"i2ed i" order o i"eri from i% or er a!!e$ed9are" (9. 3+# Peiio"er7% rief 9. 3:5# rec.). Peiio"er% a!%o rai%ede ar$ume" a u"der Aric!e 6@ of e Ne' Civi! Code 'icread%,


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co"%idered a i i% "oi"$ *u ?u% a"d ri$ a a!!e$ed 9are"%%ou!d ave a 9er%o"a! o99oru"i o *e eard. I 'a% for e%erea%o"% a"d oer% eBua!! a% 'e!! fou"ded a Aric!e 3+ 'a%e"aced (9. 65).

Tere are 'o (6) $e"era! c!a%%ificaio"% of i!!e$iimae ci!dre" oro%e 'o are co"ceived a"d *or" ou of 'ed!oc. Te ma *eeier "aura! (acua!! or * ficio") or %9uriou% (e i"ce%uou%#adu!erou% or i!!ici). Naura! ci!dre" are defi"ed a% o%e *or"ou%ide of 'ed!oc of 9are"%# 'o a e ime of co"ce9io" of eformer# 'ere "o di%Bua!ified * a" im9edime" o marr eacoer (Aric!e 6:4# Ne' Civi! Code). O" e oer a"d# %9uriou%ci!dre" are o%e *or" of 9are"%# 'o a e ime of eirco"ce9io"# are di%Bua!ified o marr eac oer o" accou" ofcerai" im9edime". ecau%e of i% *a%ic di%i"cio" *e'ee" e%eci!dre"# i i% "o !e$a!! 9o%%i*!e o c!a%%if u"reco$"i2ed "aura!

ci!dre" u"der e c!a%% of %9uriou% ci!dre". e%ide%# comme"aor%co"%rue e 9ra%e


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Ire"e7% cerificae of *a9i%m (E-i*i


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9roof of reco$"iio". I" e ca%e of erci!!e% v%. 1SIS# %u9ra# i 'a%e!d a 9icure% do "o co"%iue 9roof offi!iaio".ca"ro*!e%virua!a'!i*rarca"ro*!e% virua! !a' !i*rar

8a Ire"e ma ave 9roved i% a %e ad *ee" i" co"i"uou%9o%%e%%io" of a %au% of a" i!!e$iimae ci!d 'o i% "o "aura!. u%uc fac a!o"e 'iou a va!id reco$"iio" i" a record of *ir# 'i!!%aeme" *efore a cour of record# or aue"ic 'rii"$ doe% "omae Ire"e a reco$"i2ed i!!e$iimae ci!d 'o i% "o "aura!. Se"evere!e%% 9o%%e%%e% e ri$ o com9e! ?udicia! reco$"iio" a"de acio" for i% mu% *e *rou$ 'ii" e 9ro9er 9re%cri9ive9eriod (C!emea v%. C!emea# %u9ra). Aric!e 6@/ of e Ne' Civi!Code 9rovide%


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u""o'" (de%co"ocido) faer (E-. L>6 or66).ca"ro*!e%virua!a'!i*rar ca"ro*!e% virua! !a' !i*rar

Si"ce 346@# 1e"oveva !ived 'i Fra"ci%co =e!$ado a"d 'a% "ever

reco"ci!ed o 0u%i"o 'o died i" 34+/. Ire"e 'a% educaed a eire-9e"%e.ca"ro*!e%virua!a'!i*rar ca"ro*!e% virua! !a' !i*rar

0u%i"o 'a% "o me"io"ed a% e faer of Ire"e i" er record of*ir. Amo"$ e ei$ ci!dre" of 1e"oveva# Ire"e7% *ir 'a% eo"! o"e re$i%ered i" A!ia$a$ Fra"ci%co7% "aive o'". Ire"e ada!'a% !ived 'i 1e"oveva a"d Fra"ci%co u9 o 34/3# 'e" %e 'a%34 a"d %e $o married.ca"ro*!e%virua!a'!i*rar ca"ro*!e% virua!!a' !i*rar

Se 'a% *a9i2ed i" 3454# 'e" %e 'a% 3@. Fra"ci%co a"d1e"oveva 'ere !i%ed a% er 9are"% i" e *a9i%ma! cerificae#E-i*i 3. I" e cerificae of marria$e of Ire"e a"d oi%e%Vi!!a"ueva# Fra"ci%co =e!$ado 'a% me"io"ed a% er faer a"d a%e o"e 'o $ave co"%e" o e marria$e (E-.3).ca"ro*!e%virua!a'!i*rar ca"ro*!e% virua! !a' !i*rar

Ire"e co"%e"ed o e o9eraio" of Fra"ci%co 'e" e 'a%%u*mied o a" o9eraio" a e Fami! C!i"ic i" 34:: (E-. 6). Se

9aid i% o%9ia! *i!!% (E-. 5). Se u%ed e %ur"ame


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reco$"iio" u"der aric!e% 6@ a"d 6@+.ca"ro*!e%virua!a'!i*rarca"ro*!e% virua! !a' !i*rar

I" %uc e-ce9io"a! ca%e%# aric!e 6@ a"d 6@+ %ou!d "o *e a99!ied.If %ufficie" 9roof o %ai%f e ?udicia! mi"d a% *ee" adduced o9rove e %9uriou% ci!d7% fi!iaio"# e or %e %ou!d *e e"i!ed o%ucce%%io"a! ri$%. Ti% i% ?u%ified * e !i*era! 9o!ic of e Civi!Code o'ard% i!!e$iimae ci!dre".ca"ro*!e%virua!a'!i*rarca"ro*!e% virua! !a' !i*rar

Te "aura! ci!d "eed% ac"o'!ed$me" *ecau%e e ma *ecome a!e$iimaed ci!d. Te %9uriou% ci!d 'i!! "ever aai" e %au% of a!e$iimaed ci!d.ca"ro*!e%virua!a'!i*rar ca"ro*!e% virua! !a'!i*rar

I a$ree 'i 0ud$e Lore"2o Re!ova a Ire"e7% fi!iaio" a% Fra"ci%co=e!$ado7% ci!d 'a% du! 9rove" 'ii" e mea"i"$ of aric!e @@.Se i% e "eare% com9u!%or a"d !e$a! eir of Fra"ci%co. See-c!ude% e *roer# 'o %i%er% a"d "iece of Fra"ci%co (Ar. 4@@#Civi! Code).ca"ro*!e%virua!a'!i*rar ca"ro*!e% virua! !a' !i*rar

I voe o rever%e e deci%io" of e A99e!!ae Cour a"d affirm edeci%io" of 0ud$e Re!ova.

I di%%e". Te %9ou%e% 0u%i"o Ree% a"d 1e"oveva Rameo# "aive%of Taa*a% o'"# 'ere married ere i" 34;:. Te ad %eve"ci!dre". A" ei$ ci!d# "amed Ire"e# 'a% *or" o 1e"oveva# eier

o" a /# 34+; i" Taa*a% o'"# or o" Se9em*er 3# 34+3 i" arrio=a!i9i A!ia$a$# aa"$a%. Of cour%e# e 9re%um9io" u"der aric!e6// of e Civi! Code i% a Ire"e 'a% 0u%i"o7% ci!d. 8a% a9re%um9io" re*ued

0oaBui" Ree%# Ire"e7% e!der *roer# e%ified a i% 9are"%# eRee% %9ou%e%# %e9araed i" 346@ 'e" i% faer %ur9ri%edFra"ci%co =e!$ado i" i% ou%e. O" a occa%io"# ere 'a% acommoio" i" e ou%e 'ic 'a% i"ve%i$aed * e 9o!ice.0u%i"o eve"ua!! decided o a!!o' 1e"oveva o $o 'i Fra"ci%co.Ta e%imo" i% %ufficie" o re*u e 9re%um9io" of !e$iimac. I%o'% a Ire"e 'a% "o 0u%i"o7% ci!d. 8a% =e!$ado er faer

Her *ir cerificae %o'% a %e 'a% *or" o" Se9em*er 3# 34+3a% e ci!d of 1e"oveva a arrio =a!i9i A!ia$a$# aa"$a% 'i a"u""o'" (de%co"ocido) faer (E-. L>6 or 66).ca"ro*!e% virua! !a'!i*rar

Si"ce 346@# 1e"oveva !ived 'i Fra"ci%co =e!$ado a"d 'a% "everreco"ci!ed o 0u%i"o 'o died i" 34+/. Ire"e 'a% educaed a eire-9e"%e.ca"ro*!e% virua! !a' !i*rar

0u%i"o 'a% "o me"io"ed a% e faer of Ire"e i" er record of

*ir. Amo"$ e ei$ ci!dre" of 1e"oveva# Ire"e7% *ir 'a% eo"! o"e re$i%ered i" A!ia$a$ Fra"ci%co7% "aive o'". Ire"e ada!'a% !ived 'i 1e"oveva a"d Fra"ci%co u9 o 34/3# 'e" %e 'a%34 a"d %e $o married.ca"ro*!e% virua! !a' !i*rar

+/


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Se 'a% *a9i2ed i" 3454# 'e" %e 'a% 3@. Fra"ci%co a"d1e"oveva 'ere !i%ed a% er 9are"% i" e *a9i%ma! cerificae#E-i*i 3. I" e cerificae of marria$e of Ire"e a"d oi%e%Vi!!a"ueva# Fra"ci%co =e!$ado 'a% me"io"ed a% er faer a"d a%e o"e 'o $ave co"%e" o e marria$e (E-. 3).ca"ro*!e%virua! !a' !i*rar

Ire"e co"%e"ed o e o9eraio" of Fra"ci%co 'e" e 'a%%u*mied o a" o9eraio" a e Fami! C!i"ic i" 34:: (E-. 6). Se9aid i% o%9ia! *i!!% (E-. 5). Se u%ed e %ur"ame


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e-c!ude% e *roer# 'o %i%er% a"d "iece of Fra"ci%co (Ar. 4@@#Civi! Code).ca"ro*!e% virua! !a' !i*rar

I voe o rever%e e deci%io" of e A99e!!ae Cour a"d affirm edeci%io" of 0ud$e Re!ova.


0AN CASTRO a"d FELICIANA CASTRO# 9eiio"er%# v%.

HON. CORT OF APPEALS# CIPRIANO NAVAL a"d ENITA C. NAVAL#re%9o"de"%.

Ti% 9eiio" for revie' o" ceriorari %ee% e rever%a! of edeci%io" of e Cour of A99ea!% i" CA>1.R. No%. 56:6 a"d 56:+>R#

'ic affirmed e deci%io" of e e" Cour of Fir% I"%a"ce ofTar!ac i" Civi! Ca%e No%. +:6>+:+. Te di%9o%iive 9orio" of eria! cour7% deci%io" read% a% fo!!o'%,

8HEREFORE# ?ud$me" i% ere* re"dered i" favor of defe"da"%a"d a$ai"% 9!ai"iff% i" e a*ove>e"i!ed ca%e%,

3) =ec!ari"$ defe"da" e"ia Ca%ro Nava! a du!ac"o'!ed$ed a"d reco$"i2ed i!!e$iimae ci!d of Eu%aBuio Ca%ro

6) A'ardi"$ e %um of P6#;;;.;; o defe"da"% * 'a ofaor"e7% fee a"d e-9e"%e% of !ii$aio" (o"e>a!f o *e 9aid *

9!ai"iff%# ?oi"! a"d %evera!!# i" Civi! Ca%e No. +:6 a"d o"e>a!f *9!ai"iff i" Civi! Ca%e No. +:+) a"d

+) Pe"di"$ e 9ariio" or di%ri*uio" of e 9ro9erie%i"vo!ved erei" i" a99ro9riae 9roceedi"$% or * muua! a$reeme"#a"d %o a% o 9re%erve e %au% Buo# e 'ri of 9re!imi"ari"?u"cio" of Fe*ruar 3;# 34: %a!! co"i"ue o remai" i" fu!! forcea"d effec.

8i co%% a$ai"% 9!ai"iff%# o"e>a!f car$ea*!e o 9!ai"iff% i" Civi!Ca%e No. +:6 a"d e oer a!f o 9!ai"iff i" Civi! Ca%e No. +:+.(Record o" A99ea!# 99. 3+>3+@)

Peiio"er% 0ua" Ca%ro a"d Fe!icia"a Ca%ro are e *roer a"d%i%er of e !ae Eu%aBuio Ca%ro 'i!e re%9o"de" e"ia Ca%roNava! i% e o"! ci!d of Eu%aBuio. Re%9o"de" Ci9ria"o Nava! i%e u%*a"d of e"ia Ca%ro.

Te Cour of A99ea!% correc! %ummari2ed e fac% of e ca%e a%fo!!o'%,

I" Civi! Ca%e No. +:6 e"i!ed 0ua" Ca%ro a"d Fe!icia"a Ca%ro v.e"ia Ca%ro# e 9!ai"iff% fi!ed a" acio" for 9ariio" of 9ro9erie%a$ai"% e defe"da" a!!e$i"$# amo"$ oer i"$% a e are eforced eir% of Pedro Ca%ro 'o died i" aa"oc# Tar!ac o" a 6#346+ (9. :# Record o" A99ea!).

+


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I" Civi! Ca%e No. +:+ 9!ai"iff arce!i"a aui%a a!%o fi!ed a" acio"for 9ariio" of 9ro9erie% a$ai"% defe"da" e"ia Ca%ro Nava!a!!e$i"$# amo"$ oer i"$%# a e are a!%o com9u!%or eir% ofEu%aBuio Ca%ro 'o died i" aa"oc# Tar!ac o" Au$u% 65# 34:3a"d a e are e"i!ed o e 9ariio" of e 9ro9erie% of %aiddecea%ed (9. +6# Record o" A99ea!).

Te defe"da"% i" eir ame"ded a"%'er i" *o ca%e% a!!e$e ae"ia Ca%ro Nava! i% e o"! ci!d of e decea%ed Eu%aBuio a"da %aid Eu%aBuio Ca%ro i% e %o" of Pedro Ca%ro# erefore# ecom9!ai" for 9ariio" a% "o cau%e of acio" (9. 6/# Record o"A99ea!).

8i !eave of Cour# 9!ai"iff% fi!ed eir ame"ded com9!ai"%'ere* e co"vered e ori$i"a! acio" for 9ariio" i"o a"acio" for Buiei"$ of i!e. =efe"da"7% u%*a"d Ci9ria"o Nava! 'a%for'i im9!eaded a% 9ar>defe"da" (9. +6# Record o" A99ea!).

I" e mea"ime# defe"da" e"ia Nava! fi!ed a 9eiio" fora99oi"me" a% receiver a"d for 9re!imi"ar i"?u"cio" i" Civi! Ca%eNo. +:6. Te ria! cour# o'ever# de"ied %aid 9eiio" fora99oi"me" of receiver# *u $ra"ed e 9eiio" for 'ri of9re!imi"ar i"?u"cio" a"d a!%o ad?ud$ed arce!i"a aui%a 'o i%e 9!ai"iff i" Civi! Ca%e No. +:6 $ui! of co"em9 a"d orderi"$er o 9a a fi"e of P3;;. ;; (9. 4# Record o" A99ea!).

Co"%ideri"$ a evide"ce i" e%e i"cide"% of a99oi"i"$ a receivera"d 9re!imi"ar i"?u"cio" a% 'e!! a% e moio" for co"em9 'ere

re!aed o e meri% of e ca%e# e 9arie% %i9u!aed a evide"ceerei" *e co"%idered a% evide"ce i" e ria! o" e meri%.

=uri"$ e 9re>ria! e 9arie% a$reed a e mai" i%%ue o *ere%o!ved i" i% ca%e i% a% o 'eer or "o defe"da" e"ia Ca%roNava! i% e ac"o'!ed$ed "aura! ci!d of Eu%aBuio Ca%ro. I" vie'of i% %i9u!aio"# defe"da" e"ia Nava! 'a% a!!o'ed o i"roduceevide"ce o %o' a %e 'a% i"deed e ac"o'!ed$ed "aura!ci!d of Eu%aBuio Ca%ro.

Te evide"ce o" record %o'% a 0ua" Ca%ro a"d Fe!icia"a Ca%ro#9!ai"iff% i" Civi! Ca%e No. +:6 a"d Eu%aBuio Ca%ro 'o 'a%a!read dead 'ere e ci!dre" of e decea%ed %9ou%e% PedroCa%ro a"d Cor"e!ia Sa"ia$o. arce!i"a aui%a# o"e of e9!ai"iff% i" Civi! Ca%e No. +:+# i% e %urvivi"$ %9ou%e of edecea%ed Eu%aBuio Ca%ro. Eu%aBuio Ca%ro died o" Au$u% 6+#34:3 a"d Prico!a are$me" died o" Se9em*er 33# 3465.

I a99ear% a defe"da" e"ia Ca%ro Nava!# a ci!d of Eu%aBuioCa%ro a"d Prico!a are$me"# 'a% *or" o" arc 6# 3434 i" Sa"aro!ome# Tar!ac (E-i*i A). Eu%aBuio Ca%ro# 'o cau%ed ere$i%raio" of %aid *ir $ave e dae i"dicaed i" e civi! re$i%ra e 'a% e faer. e"ia Ca%ro 'a% !aer *a9i2ed i" eRoma" Cao!ic Curc of Cami!i"$# Tar!ac# 'erei" e *a9i%ma!cerificae a99eared a er 9are"% are decea%ed Eu%aBuio Ca%roa"d Prico!a are$me" (E-i*i C). 8e" Eu%aBuio Ca%ro died#9icure% 'ere ae" 'erei" e immediae mem*er% of e fami!i" mour"i"$ 'ere 9re%e"# amo"$ 'om 'a% e"ia Ca%ro Nava!(E-i*i% = a"d =>3). O" i% %core# e 9!ai"iff% i" eir com9!ai" i"Civi! Ca%e No. +:6 admied a defe"da" e"ia C. Nava! i% e

+@


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forced eir of Eu%aBuio Ca%ro a"d a com9u!%or eir of Eu%aBuioCa%ro i" Civi! Ca%e No. +:+.

Te evide"ce furer %o'% a Prico!a are$me"# e "aura!moer of e"ia C. Nava! 'o 'a% a re%ide" of aa"oc# Tar!ac#'a% 'edded o Fe!i- de aa of A"o!i"$ Ca"a!i"$# Tar!ac a$ai"% er

'i%e% o" a 6+# 343+. 8i!e e ce!e*raio" of e 'eddi"$ i"A"o"$# Cami!i"$# Tar!ac 'a% $oi"$ o"# e $ue%% %oo" fou"d oua Prico!a are$me" %urre9iiou%! !ef e 9ar a"d 'e" o eou%e of er fir% cou%i" er"arda Pa$ari$a" a arrio a!acam9a#a!%o i" A"o!i"$ Cami!i"$# Tar!ac# a"d ere %e cried a %e did "o'a" o $e married o Fe!i- de aa. Ta eve"i"$ Prico!a9roceeded o arrio Sa" aro!ome# aa"oc# Tar!ac# 'ere %eu"ied 'i er rea! %'eeear# Eu%aBuio Ca%ro# e faer ofe"ia Ca%ro Nava!.

A"o"io are$me"# e *roer7. of Prico!a are$me" 'o 'a% e"i" e 'eddi"$ 9ar !ear"ed of e di%a99eara"ce of i% %i%er. Hefi"a!! fou"d er !ivi"$ 'i Eu%aBuio Ca%ro. A fe' da% !aerEu%aBuio Ca%ro accom9a"ied * 'o 9er%o"% 'e" o e 9are"%of Prico!a are$me" a aa"oc# Tar!ac a"d i"formed em aPrico!a 'a% a!read !ivi"$ 'i im a% u%*a"d a"d 'ife. Prico!a7%9are"% mere! %u*mied o eir dau$er7% 'i%e%# %o Eu%aBuioCa%ro a"d Prico!a are$me" !ived a% u%*a"d a"d 'ife u"i! edea of Prico!a o" Se9em*er 33# 3465.

Tere i% "o di%9ue a Eu%aBuio Ca%ro a e ime e !ived 'iPrico!a are$me"# 'a% a 'ido'er# a"d 'a%# erefore# free o marrPrico!a. A% a re%u! of eir coa*iaio" e"ia Ca%ro Nava!# erei"defe"da"# 'a% *or" o" arc 6# 3434. Afer e dea of ermoer# 'e" %e 'a% o"! five ear% o!d# %e co"i"ued o !ive 'ier faer Eu%aBuio Ca%ro u"i! i% dea o" Au$u% 66# 34:3

(E-i*i 33). oreover# 'e" e"ia Ca%ro Nava! $o married oCi9ria"o Nava!# i 'a% Eu%aBuio Ca%ro 'o $ave er a'a i"marria$e. Eve" afer e"ia7% marria$e# %e 'a% ae" care of * erfaer. (Ro!!o# 99. 33>3+).

Te ria! cour ru!ed a re%9o"de" e"ia Ca%ro Nava! i% e

ac"o'!ed$ed a"d reco$"i2ed ci!d of Eu%aBuio Ca%ro a"d i%#erefore# e"i!ed o 9arici9ae i" e 9ariio" of e 9ro9erie% !ef* im. Te%e 9ro9erie% are e %u*?ec of e civi! ca%e%. A% %aedear!ier# e Cour of A99ea!% affirmed e ria! cour7% deci%io".

Te mai" i%%ue rai%ed i" i% 9eiio" i% 'eer or "o re%9o"de"e"ia Ca%ro Nava! i% e ac"o'!ed$ed a"d reco$"i2ed i!!e$iimaeci!d of Eu%aBuio Ca%ro.

Te Cour of A99ea!% ?u%ified i% 9ro"ou"ceme" a e 9rivaere%9o"de" i% a" ac"o'!ed$ed a"d reco$"i2ed ci!d of Eu%aBuioCa%ro i" e fo!!o'i"$ ma""er,

--- --- ---

. . . Te reco$"iio" of e"ia Ca%ro a% a "aura! ci!d of Eu%aBuioCa%ro a99ear% i" e record% of *ir a"d 9ariio". Reco$"iio" %a!!*e made i" e record of *ir# a 'i!!# a %aeme" *efore a cour ofrecord# or a" aue"ic 'rii"$ (Ar. 6@# Civi! Code). I 'a% a

vo!u"ar reco$"iio" a!read e%a*!i%ed 'ic did "o "eed a"?udicia! 9ro"ou"ceme" (1u# :@ Pi!. +@/ Roo v. Roo# (CA)# 3O.1. +;:3). I" 0ave!o"a v. O"ec!aro# 5 Pi!. +4+# e Su9reme Courc!arified e di%i"cio" *e'ee" vo!u"ar reco$"iio" a"dcom9u!%or reco$"iio". I" e fir% 9!ace# a vo!u"ar reco$"iio" i%made i" a 9u*!ic docume"# 'erea% i" e i"du*ia*!e 'rii"$ u"der

+4


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Aric!e 3+/ i% a 9rivae docume". (a"re%a# Vo!. 3# 9. /4). Tefaer 'ou!d ordi"ari! *e more carefu! a*ou 'a e %aid i" a9u*!ic docume" a" i" a 9rivae 'rii"$# %o a eve" a" i"cide"a!me"io" of e ci!d a% i% i" a 9u*!ic docume" de%erve% fu!! faia"d credi. I" e %eco"d 9!ace# i" a" acio" o" Aric!e 3+3 (vo!u"arreco$"iio") e "aura! ci!d mere! a%% for a %are i" e

i"eria"ce i" virue of i% avi"$ *ee" ac"o'!ed$ed a% %uc# a"di% "o ri"$ o com9e! e faer or i% eir% o mae eac"o'!ed$me"# 'erea% e acio" *a%ed o" Aric!e 3+/ i% ocom9e! e faer or i% eir% o reco$"i2e e ci!d. I" e formerca%e# ac"o'!ed$me" a% *ee" forma!! a"d !e$a!! accom9!i%ed*ecau%e e 9u*!ic caracer of e docume" mae% ?udicia!9ro"ou"ceme" u""ece%%ar# 'i!e i" e !aer ca%e# reco$"iio" i%e o *e ordered * e cour% *ecau%e a 9rivae 'rii"$# !aci"$e %ro"$er $uara" a"d i$er aue"ici of a 9u*!ic docume"i% "o %e!f> e-ecuor. A ?ud$me" i" favor of e %au% of a "aura!ci!d accordi"$ o Ar. 3+/ mu% erefore *e *a%ed o" a" e-9re%%reco$"iio" %o fou"d a"d dec!ared * e cour afer eari"$. A i%

?u"cure# i i% o *e "oed a a" acio" *a%ed o" vo!u"arac"o'!ed$me" ma *e *rou$ afer e dea of e faer# *u."o a" acio" o com9e! ac"o'!ed$me"# a% a $e"era! ru!e# (Ar.3+# Civi! Code) 'ic %o'% e !i*era!i of e !a' a% o vo!u"arreco$"iio"# a"d i% %ric"e%% o'ard com9u!%or ac"o'!ed$me".

8i!e i i% rue a Prico!a are$me"# e"ia7% moer 'a% marriedo Nava! (%ic)# i i% e ru!e# o'ever# a i" ca%e e reco$"iio" i%made * o"! o"e of e 9are"%# i 'i!! *e 9re%umed a e ci!d i%"aura! if e 9are"% reco$"i2i"$ i ad e !e$a! ca9aci o

co"rac marria$e a e ime of e co"ce9io" (Ar. 6# Civi! Codeorre% a"d ar2a v. u"ici9a!i of Pa"a# 56 Pi!. :5+ Ca9i%ra"o v.1a*i"o# @ Pi!. 3+/). Te 9re%um9io" ari%e% from e ac ofreco$"iio".

8a i% more i% a 9!ai"iff% i" eir ame"ded com9!ai" admieda e"ia Ca%ro 'a% e com9u!%or eir of Eu%aBuio Ca%ro.Te ca""o "o' co"radic eir o'" a!!e$aio"% (Cu"a"a" v.Am9aro# @; Pi!. 6+6). (Ro!!o# 99. 35>3/)

Te Cour of A99ea!% a% correc! %aed e 9ri"ci9!e% *u e9eiio"er% co"e"d a i erred i" a99!i"$ e%e 9ri"ci9!e% o efac% of i% ca%e.

Te !a' 'ic "o' $over"% 9aer"i a"d fi!iaio" i% Ti!e VI of eFami! Code of e Pi!i99i"e%# E-ecuive Order No. 6;4# 0u! :#34@a% ame"ded * E-ecuive Order No. 66# 0u! 3# 34@. 8e ave oe-ami"e e ear!ier 9rovi%io"%# o'ever# *ecau%e e Fami! Code9rovide% i" i% Aric!e 6/: a,

Ti% Code %a!! ave reroacive effec i"%ofar a% i doe% "o9re?udice or im9air ve%ed or acBuired ri$% i" accorda"ce 'i eCivi! Code or oer !a'%. (Em9a%i% %u99!ied)

Tere i% "o Bue%io" a e 9rivae re%9o"de" i% a" i!!e$iimaeci!d of Eu%aBuio Ca%ro. Her faer Eu%aBuio 'a% a 'ido'er 'e"Prico!a are$me"# er moer# 'e" o !ive 'i im. Te 'o cou!d"o va!id! e"er i"o a marria$e *ecau%e 'e" Prico!a f!ed from er

o'" 'eddi"$ 9ar o" a 6+# 343+# e 'eddi"$ rie% o Fe!i- deaa ad a!read *ee" %o!em"i2ed. I" oer 'ord%# e marria$e'a% ce!e*raed a!ou$ i cou!d "o *e co"%ummaed *ecau%e e*ride urried! ra" a'a o ?oi" e ma" %e rea!! !oved.

5;


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"der e Civi! Code# 'eer


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Te record of *ir referred o * e a99e!!ae cour i% acua!! e*ir cerificae of e 9rivae re%9o"de". I a99ear% i" ecerificae a Eu%aBuio Ca%ro i% e re%9o"de"7% faer.

Te 9eiio"er% ae e-ce9io" o e re%9o"de" cour7% ru!i"$ o"vo!u"ar reco$"iio".

Sric! %9eai"$# a *ir cerificae o *e %ufficie" for 9ur9o%e% ofreco$"i2i"$ a ci!d mu% *e %i$"ed * e faer a"d moer ?oi"!a"d if e faer refu%e%# * e moer a!o"e oer'i%e %e ma *e9e"a!i2ed. (Secio" /# Aric!e +/+ adride?o v. de Leo"# // Pi!. 3X34+;). 8a i% %i$"ed i% a !oo%e form 'o%e co"e"% are !aerra"%ferred * a mu"ici9a! em9!oee o e !oca! re$i%r *oo of

*ir% 'ic i% 9re%erved. A" e-ami"aio" of E-i*iio" F# irCerificae of e"ia Ca%ro# Fo!der of E-i*i%# 9. 336# %o'% ai%


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Seco"d# e ru!e o" %e9arai"$ e !e$iimae from e i!!e$iimaefami! i% of "o %9ecia! re!eva"ce ere *ecau%e e"ia a"d er moerPrico!a are$me" 'ere e o"! immediae fami! of Eu%aBuio.Tere are "o !e$iimae ci!dre" *or" of a !e$iimae 'ife co"e%i"$e i"eria"ce of e"ia.

Tird# i 'a% Eu%aBuio im%e!f 'o ad e *ir of e"ia re9oreda"d re$i%ered. Tere i% "o i"dicaio" i" e record% a Eu%aBuio%ou!d ave "o'" i" 3434 a a9ar from re9ori"$ e *ir of aci!d# e %ou!d a!%o ave %i$"ed e cerificae a"d %ee" o i a i'a% 9re%erved for :; ear%. Or a e %ou!d ave ae" a!! !e$a!%e9% i"c!udi"$ ?udicia! acio" o e%a*!i% er %au% a% i%reco$"i2ed "aura! ci!d duri"$ e re$!eme"ar 9eriod o do %o.

Four# i 'a% Eu%aBuio 'o $ave a'a e"ia duri"$ er 'eddi"$o Ci9ria"o Nava!. Te cou9!e co"i"ued o !ive 'i e faer eve"afer e 'eddi"$ a"d u"i! e !aer7% dea.

Fif# e cerificae of *a9i%m a"d e 9icure of e Ca%ro fami!duri"$ e 'ae for Eu%aBuio ma "o *e %ufficie" 9roof ofreco$"iio" u"der e Civi! Code (Ree% v. Cour of A99ea!%# %u9raPeo9!e v. Vi!!e2a. 36 SCRA +54 X34@5 Cid v. ur"ama"# 65 SCRA5+5 X34:@ Ca9i%ra"o# e a!. v. 1a*i"o# @ Pi!. 3+/ X34;) *u eadd o e eBuiie% of i% ca%e favori"$ e 9eiio"er.

To remove a" 9o%%i*!e dou*% a*ou e correc"e%% of e fi"di"$%a"d co"c!u%io"% of e ria! cour a"d e Cour of A99ea!%# 'e#erefore# a99! e 9rovi%io" of e Fami! Code 'ic %ae% a i%a!! ave reroacive effec %i"ce e re%9o"de"% ave "o c!earve%ed ri$% i" eir favor.

"der e Code7% Ti!e VI o" Paer"i a"d Fi!iaio" ere are o"! 'oc!a%%e% of ci!dre" G !e$iimae a"d i!!e$iimae. Te fi"e di%i"cio"%amo"$ variou% 9e% of i!!e$iimae ci!dre" ave *ee" e!imi"aed.

Aric!e 3/ 9rovide% a


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Te acio" a!read comme"ced * e ci!d %a!! %urvive"o'i%a"di"$ e dea of eier or *o of e 9arie%. (6:@a)

Tere ca" *e "o di%9ue a e"ia Ca%ro e"?oed e o9e" a"dco"i"uou% 9o%%e%%io" of e %au% of a" i!!e$iimae ci!d ofEu%aBuio Ca%ro a"d a e acio" of e"ia i" defe"di"$ er

%au% i" i% ca%e i% %imi!ar o a"


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T'o oer 'i"e%%e% e%ified for Teo9i%a# "ame!# 1aude"cioe"do2a a"d I%aac e"do2a# *o re!aive% of Ca%imiro.

1aude"cio %aid e 'a% a cou%i" of Ca%imiro a"d "e' ri$ida Tori"$*ecau%e %e u%ed o 'or 'i im i" a %a!*ed i" O9ao. Ca%imiroim%e!f o!d im %e 'a% i% %'eeear. Laer# 1aude"cio aced a% a$o>*e'ee" for eir !iai%o"# 'ic eve"ua!! re%u!ed i" ri$ida*ecomi"$ 9re$"a" i" 34+; a"d $ivi"$ *ir o Teo9i%a. Ca%imiroa"ded im P6;.;; o *e $ive" o ri$ida a Teo9i%a7% *a9i%m.Ca%imiro a!%o $ave im P/.;; ever %o ofe" o *e de!ivered ori$ida. +

I%aac e%ified a i% u"c!e Ca%imiro 'a% e faer of Teo9i%a*ecau%e i% faer Hi9o!io# Ca%imiro7% *roer# a"d i% $ra"dmoer#ri$ida e"do2a# %o i"formed im. He 'ored o" Ca%imiro7% *oa

a"d 'e"ever Ca%imiro 9aid im i% %a!ar# e 'ou!d a!%o $ive imvariou% amou"% from P6.;; o P3;.;; o *e de!ivered o Teo9i%a.I%aac a!%o dec!ared a Ca%imiro i"e"ded o $ive cerai" 9ro9erie%o Teo9i%a. 5

Ca%imiro im%e!f did "o e%if *ecau%e of i% adva"ced a$e# *uVice"e Tori"$ oo e %a"d o re%i% Teo9i%a7% c!aim.

Vice"e# 'o 9rofe%%ed o *e Ca%imiro7% o"! i!!e$iimae ci!d *ri$ida Tori"$# dec!ared a Teo9i%a7% faer 'a% "o Ca%imiro *ua car9e"er "amed O"do# 'o !aer a*a"do"ed er. Vice"e %aida i 'a% e 'o %o!d a !o o Teo9i%a# a"d for a !o' 9rice *ecau%e%e 'a% i% a!f %i%er. I 'a% a!%o e 'o 9ermied Lo!io o *ui!d a

ou%e o" Ca%imiro7% !o. Ti% 'i"e%% %re%%ed a 'e" Ca%imiro'a% o%9ia!i2ed# Teo9i%a "ever o"ce vi%ied er a!!e$ed faer. /

Te !a% %aeme" 'a% %ared * e oer defe"%e 'i"e%%# 0u!ieaOua"o# Ca%imiro7% "iece# 'o a!%o affirmed a Vice"e Tori"$ u%edo 'or a% a coo i" Ca%imiro7% *oa. Se f!a! dec!ared %e ad"ever me Teo9i%a *u %e "e' er u%*a"d# 'o 'a% a meca"ic.:

Te ru!e% o" com9u!%or reco$"iio" are em*odied i" Aric!e 6@+ ofe Civi! Code# 'ic a% *ee" e!d o *e a99!ica*!e "o o"! o"aura! ci!dre" *u a!%o o %9uriou% ci!dre". Te %aid aric!e9rovide%,

Ar. 6@+. I" a" of e fo!!o'i"$ ca%e%# e faer i% o*!i$ed o

reco$"i2e e ci!d a% i% "aura! ci!d,

(3) I" ca%e% of ra9e# a*ducio" or %educio"# 'e" e 9eriod ofe offe"%e coi"cide% more or !e%% 'i a of e co"ce9io"

(6) 8e" e ci!d i% i" co"i"uou% 9o%%e%%io" of %au% of a ci!dof e a!!e$ed faer * e direc ac% of e !aer or of i% fami!

(+) 'e" e ci!d 'a% co"ceived duri"$ e ime 'e" emoer coa*ied 'i e %u99o%ed faer.

(5) 8e" e ci!d a% i" i% favor a" evide"ce or 9roof ae defe"da" i% i% faer. Ti% aric!e a% *ee" %u*%a"ia!!re9roduced i" e Fami! Code a% fo!!o'%,

Ar. 36. Te fi!iaio" of !e$iimae ci!dre" i% e%a*!i%ed *a" of e fo!!o'i"$,

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(3) Te record of *ir a99eari"$ i" e civi! re$i%er or a fi"a!?ud$me" or (6) A" admi%%io" of !e$iimae fi!iaio" i" a 9u*!icdocume" or a 9rivae a"d'rie" i"%rume" a"d %i$"ed * e9are" co"cer"ed.

I" e a*%e"ce of e fore$oi"$ evide"ce# e !e$iimae fi!iaio"

%a!! *e 9roved *,(3) Te o9e" a"d co"i"uou% 9o%%e%%io" of e %au% of a!e$iimae ci!d or

(6) A" oer mea"% a!!o'ed * e Ru!e% of Cour a"d %9ecia!!a'%.

Ar. 3/. I!!e$iimae ci!dre" ma e%a*!i% eir i!!e$iimae fi!iaio"i" e %ame 'a a"d o" e %ame evide"ce a% !e$iimae ci!dre".

I" i% remara*! 'e!!>'rie" deci%io"# 0ud$e Leo"cio P. A*arBue2re?eced e 9!ai"iff7 % c!aim a %e 'a% i" co"i"uou% 9o%%e%%io"

of e %au% of a ci!d of e a!!e$ed faer * e direc ac% of e!aer or of i% fami!. Hi% Ho"or dec!ared,

I" i% 9aricu!ar ca%e e e%a*!i%ed evide"ce i% a 9!ai"iffco"i"uou%! !ived 'i er moer# o$eer 'i er %i%er Pau!i"a.Neier e 9!ai"iff "or er u%*a"d ad come o !ive 'i edefe"da". A mo%# o"! eir %o"# Lo!io Tufiacao 'a% a!!o'ed oco"%ruc a %ma!! ou%e i" e !a"d of e defe"da"# eier * edefe"da" im%e!f# a% c!aimed * e 9!ai"iff# or * Vice"e Tori"$#a% c!aimed * e 'i"e%%e% of e defe"da". Te defe"da" "ever%9e" for e %u99or a"d educaio" of e 9!ai"iff. He did "o a!!o'e 9!ai"iff o carr i% %ur"ame. Te i"%a"ce% 'e" e defe"da"

$ave mo"e o e 9!ai"iff 'ere# more or !e%%# off>a"d>o" or raeri%o!aed! 9eriodic. Te 'ere made a co"%idera*!e i"erva!% a"d'ere "o $ive" direc! o e 9!ai"iff *u rou$ a ird 9er%o".Tu%# 'i!e i ma *e co"ceded a, a) e defe"da"7% 9are"%# a%'e!! a% e 9!ai"iff im%e!f o!d 1aude"cio e"do2a a"d I%aac

e"do2a a Teo9i%a i% e dau$er of e defe"da" *) aTeo9i%a ca!!% e defe"da" a%


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Te deci%io" of e Cour of A99ea!% 'a% 9romu!$aed o" Au$u% 33#34@@. A moio" for reco"%ideraio" 'a% fi!ed# a"d i 'a% o"! frome o99o%iio" ereo of e 9rivae re%9o"de" a Ca%imiro7%cou"%e! !ear"ed a i% c!ie" ad died o" a 34@:. He

immediae! i"formed e re%9o"de" cour *ui!d e moio" forreco"%ideraio" 'a% de"ied 'iou a" %u*%iuio" of 9arie%avi"$ *ee" effeced. Te %aid cou"%e!# "o' aci"$ for Vice"eTori"$# e" a%ed i% Cour o %u*%iue e !aer for edecea%ed Ca%imiro e"do2a i" e 9re%e" 9eiio".

Te a99!ica*!e 9rovi%io"% of e Ru!e% of Cour are Secio"% 3: a"d3 of Ru!e +# readi"$ a% fo!!o'%,

Sec. 3:. =u of aor"e u9o" dea# i"ca9aci ori"com9ee"c of 9ar. G 8e"ever a 9ar o a 9e"di"$ ca%e die%#*ecome% i"ca9aciaed or i"com9ee"# i %a!! *e e du of i%aor"e o i"form e cour 9rom9! of %uc dea# i"ca9aci ori"com9ee"c# a"d o $ive e "ame a"d re%ide"ce of i% e-ecuor#$uardia" or oer !e$a! re9re%e"aive.

Sec. 3. =ea of 9ar. G Afer a 9ar die% a"d e c!aim i% "oere* e-i"$ui%ed# e cour %a!! order# u9o" 9ro9er "oice# e!e$a! re9re%e"aive of e decea%ed o a99ear a"d o *e %u*%iued

for e decea%ed# 'ii" a 9eriod of ir (+;) da%# or 'ii" %ucime a% ma *e $ra"ed. If e !e$a! re9re%e"aive fai!% o a99ear'ii" %aid ime e cour ma order e o99o%i"$ 9ar o 9rocuree a99oi"me" of a !e$a! re9re%e"aive of e decea%ed 'ii" aime o *e %9ecified * e cour# a"d e re9re%e"aive %a!!immediae! a99ear for a"d o" *ea!f of e i"ere% of e

decea%ed. Te cour car$e% i"vo!ved i" 9rocuri"$ %uca99oi"me"# if defraed * e o99o%i"$ 9ar# ma *e recovereda% co%%. Te eir% of e decea%ed ma *e a!!o'ed o *e %u*%iuedfor e decea%ed# 'iou reBuiri"$ e a99oi"me" of a" e-ecuoror admi"i%raor a"d e cour ma a99oi" $uardia" ad !iem for emi"or eir%.

I" e ear! ca%e of a%ecam9o v%. a%ecam9o# 4 i 'a% %e!eda,

Te %u*%eBue" dea of e faer i% "o a *ar o e acio"comme"ced duri"$ % !ifeime * o"e 'o 9ree"ded o *e i%"aura! %o". I ma %urvive a$ai"% e e-ecuor# admi"i%raor# ora" oer !e$a! re9re%e"aive of e e%ae or i"e%ae %ucce%%io".

Pur%ua" o e a*ove ru!e% a"d ?uri%9rude"ce# 'e ere* a!!o' e%u*%iuio" of Ca%imiro e"do2a 9ro aec vice a"d "u"c 9ro u"c *Vice"e Tori"$# 'o a99ear% o *e e former7% i!!e$iimae %o". Ti%di%9o%e% of e 9rivae re%9o"de"7% co"e"io" a e !a'er>c!ie" re!aio"%i9 ermi"aed 'i Ca%imiro7% dea a"d a Vice"ea% "o 9er%o"a!i "o' o %u*%iue im.

No' o e meri%.

8e "oe a *o e ria! cour a"d e re%9o"de" cour# i"arrivi"$ a eir re%9ecive co"c!u%io"%# focu%ed o" e Bue%io" of'eer or "o Teo9i%a 'a% i" co"i"uou% 9o%%e%%io" of er c!aimed

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%au% of a" i!!e$iimae ci!d of Ca%imiro e"do2a. Ti% 'a%u"der%a"da*!e *ecau%e Teo9i%a er%e!f ad a99are"! *a%ed erc!aim o" i% 9aricu!ar $rou"d a% 9roof of fi!iaio" a!!o'ed u"derAric!e 6@+ of e Civi! Code.

To e%a*!i%


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i% maer furer i" !i$ of Ru!e 3+;# Secio" +4# of e Ru!e% ofCour# 9rovidi"$ a% fo!!o'%,

Sec. +4. G Ac or dec!araio"% a*ou 9edi$ree. G Te ac ordec!araio" of a 9er%o" decea%ed# or u"a*!e o e%if# i" re%9ec oe 9edi$ree of a"oer 9er%o" re!aed o im * *ir or marria$e#ma *e received i" evide"ce 'ere i occurred *efore eco"rover%# a"d e re!aio"%i9 *e'ee" e 'o 9er%o"% i% %o'"* evide"ce oer a" %uc ac or dec!araio". Te 'ord


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dec!araio"# co"%i%i"$ of e e-ra?udicia! 9ariio" of e e%ae ofF!ore"cio e"do2a# i" 'ic Ca%imiro 'a% me"io"ed a% o"e of i%eir%. 3@

Te %aid dec!araio"% ave "o *ee" refued. Ca%imiro cou!d ave

do"e i% * de9o%iio" if e 'a% oo o!d a"d 'ea o e%if a eria! of e ca%e.

If 'e co"%ider e oer circum%a"ce% "arraed u"der oa * e9rivae re%9o"de" a"d er 'i"e%%e%# %uc a% e fi"a"cia! do!e%made * Ca%imiro o ri$ida Tori"$# e iri"$ of Teo9i%a7%

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