myths & realities about private school enrollments … & realities about private school...

Bruce D

. Baker ©

2010

Myths & Realities about Private School Enrollments in

New JerseyPre-school

Bruce D

. Baker ©

2010

Claims of Task Force Report• At the program’s inception, nearly 100 percent of students were

served by providers in the private sector, many of which are women‐and minority‐owned businesses. Now, approximately 60 percent are served by private providers, as traditional districts have built preschools at great public expense and unfairly regulated their private‐sector competitors out of business.

• There are currently two sets of state regulations governing pre‐k. The majority of private pre‐k providers are subject to Dept. of Children and Families (DCF) regulations, but private pre‐k providers working in the former Abbott districts and serving low‐income children in some other districts are subject to the regulation of the DOE and the respective districts themselves, effectively crowding out the private sector and driving up costs to the taxpayer without any documented benefit to the children they serve.

Bruce D

. Baker ©

2010

Number of 3 year olds enrolled in public and private school in New Jersey

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

1990 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008

Year

Tota

l Num

ber

Not EnrolledPublic SchoolPrivate School

Data Source: Steven Ruggles, J. Trent Alexander, Katie Genadek, Ronald Goeken, Matthew B. Schroeder, and Matthew Sobek. Integrated Public Use Microdata Series: Version 5.0 [Machine-readable database]. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 2010.

Bruce D

. Baker ©

2010

Percent of 3 year olds enrolled in public and private school in New Jersey

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1990 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008

Year

% o

f Pop

ulat

ion



Bruce D

. Baker ©

2010

Number of 4 year olds enrolled in public and private school in New Jersey

05,000

10,00015,00020,00025,00030,00035,00040,00045,00050,000

1990 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008

Year

Tota

l Num

ber



Bruce D

. Baker ©

2010

Percent of 4 year olds enrolled in public and private school in New Jersey

05

101520253035404550

1990 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008

Year

% o

f Pop

ulat

ion



Bruce D

. Baker ©

2010

Private School Enrollments

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008Year

Tota

l Enr

ollm

ent

Preschool Private EnrollAll Private EnrollAll Private [no presch]

Data Source: NCES Private School Universe Survey: http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/pss/pssdata.asp

Bruce D

. Baker ©

2010

The Decline of Private Schools in General?

Bruce D

. Baker ©

2010

160,000

165,000

170,000

175,000

180,000

185,000

190,000

2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

Year

Enro

llmen

t

The Collapse as Reported by the Task Force

http://nj.gov/governor/news/reports/pdf/20100720_np_schools.pdf

Bruce D

. Baker ©

2010

0

50

100

150

200

250

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008Year

Num

ber o

f Sch

ools Cath/Parochial

Cath/DiocesanCath/PrivateConservative ChristianOther Affil. DenominationOther Relig. Not Affil.Nonsectarian - Reg.


Bruce D

. Baker ©

2010

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Year

Enro

llmen

t

Cath/ParochialCath/DiocesanCath/PrivateConservative ChristianOther Affil. DenominationOther Relig. Not Affil.Nonsectarian - Reg.


Bruce D

. Baker ©

2010

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

2002 2004 2006 2008

Year

Enro

llmen

t (Ad

j.

Cath/Parochial

Cath/Diocesan

Cath/Private

Conservative ChristianOther Affil. Denomination

Other Relig. Not Affil.

Nonsectarian - Reg.


Bruce D

. Baker ©

2010

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Year

Enro

llmen

t (Al

l)

Kindergarten

Grade 1 t0 4

Grade 5 to 8

Grade 9 to 12


Bruce D

. Baker ©

2010

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Year

Priv

ate

Enro

llmen

Kindergarten

Grade 1 t0 4

Grade 5 to 8

Grade 9 to 12


Bruce D

. Baker ©

2010

5%

7%

9%

11%

13%

15%

17%

19%

21%

23%

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Year

Priv

ate

Shar

e (%

Kindergarten

Grade 1 t0 4

Grade 5 to 8

Grade 9 to 12


Bruce D

. Baker ©

2010

Myths & Realities about Private School “Costs” in NJ

Bruce D

. Baker ©

2010

Current Operating Expenditures per Pupil in New Jersey

$14,5

24

$12,2

47

$10,4

81

$10,5

20

$11,0

68

$11,8

94

$11,8

26

$12,1

79

$10,4

88

$21,9

29

$17,1

30

$5,90

2

$0

$5,000

$10,000

$15,000

$20,000

$25,000

A B CD DE FG GH I J

Charte

r (ex

cl. pr

iv.)

Indepen

dent P

rivate

Hebrew

/Jewish

Day

Sch.

Christ

ian (A

ACS, ACIS)

District Factor Group (Wealth/Income Low to High)

Expe

nd p

er P

upil

(AD

E)

Based on a sample of 45 private day schools, serving over 18,600 children (2006-07). Includes “program expenditures” and “administrative expenditures” as reported on form IRS 990 (www.guidestar.org). By comparison, Charter schools served approximately 13,000 and DFG J districts approximately 50,000.

Public School Districts

Bruce D

. Baker ©

2010

Expenditures per Pupil in New Jersey Private Schools by Affiliation

$21,9

29

$17,1

30

$5,90

2

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Independent Private Hebrew/Jewish Day Sch. Christian (AACS, ACIS)

Expe

nd p

er P

upil

Based on a sample of 45 private day schools, serving over 18,600 children (2006-07). Includes “program expenditures” and “administrative expenditures” as reported on form IRS 990 (www.guidestar.org).

Bruce D

. Baker ©

2010

Where the Private School Students are in NJ

Catholic Schools , 100,562, 67%

Other Schools, 17,453, 12%

Jewish/Hebrew Schools, 4,996, 3%

Christian Schools, 11,939, 8%

Special Emphasis, 5249, 3%

Independent Schools, 9,598, 6%

Friends Schools, 1,480, 1%

Data Source: NCES Private School Universe Survey. Note that there appears to be substantial under-reporting of private independent schools in this survey.

Bruce D

. Baker ©

2010

Executive Compensation in Private and Public Schoolsin New Jersey (2006-07)

$0

$50,000

$100,000

$150,000

$200,000

$250,000

$300,000

Dwight/Englew

ood

FHCDS/Somerset

Hills

PDS/Prince

ton Twp.

Frisch

/Paramus

MBS/Morri

s

SRDS/Upper

Saddle R

iverMorro

w

Pingry/B

ernard

s Twp

MKA/Montcl

air

Ranney/Tinton Fall

s

RPS/Frankli

n Twp.

Oak H

ill/Middle

town

RCDS/Rumson-F

HPec

k/Morri

s

GSB/Som

erset

Hills

Newark A

cad/Livi

ngston

Chapin/Prince

ton Twp.

MFS/Moores

town

Wardlaw

/Edison

Far Bro

ok/Milb

urn

Big City

Supts.

Headmaste

r Mea

n

Host Supt. M

ean

Headmaster Comp. Local Supt. Comp.

Note: Private school headmaster compensation from Guidestar.org, IRS 990 for 2006. Local Superintendent compensation for district that is geographic home to private school. Supt. Comp based on 2006-07 (1 yr later than Headmaster Comp.). Headmaster and Supt. Comp. include salary and cash-basis benefits (not health-care, retirement contributions, etc.). Big City Supts. Includes Newark, Camden, Jersey City, Paterson and Trenton.

Bruce D

. Baker ©

2010

Private School Spending (North East)

$0

$5,000

$10,000

$15,000

$20,000

$25,000

$30,000

$35,000

CT MA NJ NY (metroonly)

PA

Christian (non-Catholic)Hebrew/JewishIndependentAll TypesPublic State Mean (Total)

Bruce D

. Baker ©

2010

9.87

10.1

4 16.8

3

16.5

9

13.5

3

34.3

6

24.1

4

8.17 8.53

3.42

$20,131

$17,008

$10,140 $10,135

$7,118

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

IndependentHebrew/Jewish Public Catholic ChristianAssociation

School Type

Pup/

Tch

or %

Com

petit

ive

$0

$5,000

$10,000

$15,000

$20,000

$25,000

Expe

nd p

er P

upil

Pupil to Teacher Ratio% Teachers from Competitive CollegeExpenditure per Pupil

Source: Adapted from Baker, B. (2009). Private schooling in the U.S.: Expenditures, supply, and policy implications.Boulder and Tempe: Education and the Public Interest Center & Education Policy ResearchUnit. Retrieved [date] from http://epicpolicy.org/publication/private-schooling-US

Bruce D

. Baker ©

2010

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

Atlantic

City, NJ

Monmouth-Ocea

n, NJ

Bergen-

Passaic

, NJ

Jersey

City, NJ

Middlesex

-Somers

et-Hu

Newark

, NJ

Philadelp

hia, P

A/NJTren

ton, NJ

Vineland-Milvi

lle-Bri

# of

Sch

ool A

ged

Child

ren

Non-PoorPoor (<250% Pov)

Data Source: U.S. Census, American Community Survey 2008 (www.ipums.org)

Figure 1. Poor (<250% Poverty Level) and Non-poor Children in Private Schools in NJ (2008)

Large numbers of “poor”private schooled children

(about 13,000)

Bruce D

. Baker ©

2010

RANKPUMA (area)

Not in School

Public School

Private School Total % Private

Not in School

Public School

Private School Total % Private

% under 250%

1 1203 1,088 8,744 10,470 20,302 51.6% 1,673 18,438 17,269 37,380 46.2% 61%2 502 681 8,268 1,458 10,407 14.0% 860 33,127 6,523 40,510 16.1% 22%3 305 318 3,693 727 4,738 15.3% 762 30,171 6,215 37,148 16.7% 12%4 501 1,207 14,501 1,619 17,327 9.3% 1,296 20,010 6,155 27,461 22.4% 26%5 2302 75 5,467 1,318 6,860 19.2% 157 24,520 6,066 30,743 19.7% 22%6 301 158 1,212 1,115 2,485 44.9% 421 7,153 5,734 13,308 43.1% 19%7 2202 126 12,879 1,395 14,400 9.7% 764 36,972 5,622 43,358 13.0% 25%8 2103 333 9,204 1,276 10,813 11.8% 1,465 22,520 5,518 29,503 18.7% 23%9 1404 352 6,123 1,116 7,591 14.7% 917 21,296 4,683 26,896 17.4% 24%

10 306 179 3,373 344 3,896 8.8% 504 28,895 4,536 33,935 13.4% 8%11 1001 316 4,141 381 4,838 7.9% 633 26,924 4,463 32,020 13.9% 9%12 1504 268 1,547 479 2,294 20.9% 440 15,931 4,304 20,675 20.8% 11%13 1403 0 2,419 79 2,498 3.2% 554 22,751 4,090 27,395 14.9% 2%14 2301 548 15,484 994 17,026 5.8% 1,390 31,443 3,910 36,743 10.6% 25%15 2101 941 17,084 1,368 19,393 7.1% 1,478 22,593 3,868 27,939 13.8% 35%16 304 486 6,046 415 6,947 6.0% 1,636 32,527 3,816 37,979 10.0% 11%17 1901 0 10,809 881 11,690 7.5% 635 27,638 3,804 32,077 11.9% 23%18 1501 0 4,921 339 5,260 6.4% 214 22,325 3,772 26,311 14.3% 9%19 1600 550 7,284 998 8,832 11.3% 1,306 23,979 3,708 28,993 12.8% 27%20 102 523 11,160 1,114 12,797 8.7% 560 25,718 3,698 29,976 12.3% 30%

Children in Families below 250% Poverty Level All Children 5 to 18

Figure 2. New Jersey Public Use Micro Data Areas Ranked by Highest Total Enrolled Children in Private Schools in 2008

Lakewood51.6% of low income

children are in private schools

For a map of PUMA designations in NJ, see http://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/puma/puma2k/nj_puma5.pdfData Source: U.S. Census, American Community Survey 2008 (www.ipums.org)

Bruce D

. Baker ©

2010

Over 10,000 “poor”private schooled

children (over 20% of state total)

Over 17,000 “poor”private schooled

children (about 8% of state total)

Density of Private School Students (<250% Pov. Inc.)Density of Private School Students (All)

Figure 3. Density & Income Status of Private Schooled Children in New Jersey

Data Source: U.S. Census, American Community Survey 2008 (www.ipums.org)

Bruce D

. Baker ©

2010

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

Kindergart

en

Grade 1

to 4

Grade 5

to 8

Grade 9

to 12

Grade Enrolled

# En

rolle

d

PublicPrivate

Data Source: U.S. Census, American Community Survey 2008http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/sdds/acs08/acsdownload.aspx

Figure 4. Public and Private School Enrollment (2008) in Lakewood, NJ

Most Lakewood children are currently in private schools

Bruce D

. Baker ©

2010

Pct. 2000 2007 2000 2007White 1,569 717 30% 13%Black 1,909 1,749 37% 32%Hispanic 1,618 2,897 31% 53%Native Am. 33 31 1% 1%Asian 58 58 1% 1%TOTAL 5,186 5,452 Pct. Poor 55% 60% Diversity* 68 60

Data Source: http://www.nj.com/news/bythenumbers/

Figure 5. Lakewood Public Schools Demographics

The public school district in Lakewood is minority white (13% by 2007)!

Bruce D

. Baker ©

2010

PSS_INST PSS_ENROLL_TK12 PSS_WHITE_PCTALPHA SCHOOL 55 78.18LAKEWOOD CHEDER SCHOOL BOYS 3373 99.58BAIS TOVA INC 520 100BNOS YAAKON ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 462 100BAIS FAIGA PARK AVENUE CAMPUS 430 100BAIS SHAINDEL HIGH SCHOOL FOR GIRLS 428 100TALMUD TORAH BAIS AVROHOM 427 100YESHIVA TIFERES TORAH 424 99.06BAIS YAAKOV HIGH SCHOOL OF LAKEWOOD 412 100YESHIVA ORCHOS CHAIM 410BAIS ROCHEL 391 100TORAH INSTITUTE OF LAKEWOOD / YESHIVA BAIS HATORAH 325 100CALVARY ACADEMY 292 67.81BAIS YAAKOV BNOS RIVKA 273BAIS REUVAIN KAMINETZ OF LAKEWOOD 226TASHBAR OF LAKEWOOD 225 100HOLY FAMILY SCHOOL 395 80.25KIDDIE UNIVERSITY 22UNITED TALMUDICAL ACADEMY 225LEHMANN SCHOOL & TECH ED CENTER 37 70.27YESHIVA MASORAS AVOS 193 95.85YESHIVA NESIVOS OHR 175 100NEW ROAD SCHOOL 50OCEAN DAY SCHOOL 31 67.74SCHOOL FOR CHILDREN W/ HIDDEN INTELLIGENCE 104 100BNOS BINA GIRLS SCHOOL 173 100NEW JERSEY CENTER FOR JUDAIC STUDY 165 98.79YESHIVA KETER TORAH 161 100BNOS BROCHA 147BNOS MELECH 144 100CHEDER BNAI TORAH 124 100TALMUD TORAH OHR ELCHONON 121 100YESHIVA KEREN HATORAH 113 100YESHIVA TOPRAS EMES 99 100YESHIVA TORAS EMES 98 100YESHIVAS OHR YISSOCHOR 68 100CHINUCH L'BANOS 67 100MESIVTA KESER TORAH 67 97.01BAIS YAAKOV ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 59 100

Data Source: NCES Private School Survey

Figure 6. All Private Schools in Lakewood, Enrollment & % White Enrollment

In this predominantly minority public school district, Jewish schools in Lakewood are almost entirely homogeneous, and most private schooled children in Lakewood are in these schools!

Bruce D

. Baker ©

2010

PSS_INST LoGrade HiGrade K-8 Enrollment 9 - 12 Enrollment K-8 Vouchers 9 - 12 VouchersBAIS FAIGA PARK AVENUE CAMPUS 2 7 430 0 2,580,000$ -$ BAIS REUVAIN KAMINETZ OF LAKEWOOD 3 13 226 0 1,356,000$ -$ BAIS ROCHEL 2 13 391 0 2,346,000$ -$ BAIS SHAINDEL HIGH SCHOOL FOR GIRLS 14 17 0 428 -$ 3,852,000$ BAIS TOVA INC 3 12 520 0 3,120,000$ -$ BAIS YAAKOV BNOS RIVKA 2 10 272 0 1,632,000$ -$ BAIS YAAKOV ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 3 13 59 0 354,000$ -$ BAIS YAAKOV HIGH SCHOOL OF LAKEWOOD 14 17 0 412 -$ 3,708,000$ BNOS BINA GIRLS SCHOOL 2 13 173 0 1,038,000$ -$ BNOS BROCHA 2 8 147 0 882,000$ -$ BNOS MELECH 3 8 144 0 864,000$ -$ BNOS YAAKON ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 5 13 462 0 2,772,000$ -$ CHEDER BNAI TORAH 6 9 124 0 744,000$ -$ CHINUCH L'BANOS 3 8 67 0 402,000$ -$ LAKEWOOD CHEDER SCHOOL BOYS 3 13 3373 0 20,238,000$ -$ MESIVTA KESER TORAH 14 17 0 67 -$ 603,000$ NEW JERSEY CENTER FOR JUDAIC STUDY 13 17 13 152 78,000$ 1,368,000$ TALMUD TORAH BAIS AVROHOM 3 13 427 0 2,562,000$ -$ TALMUD TORAH OHR ELCHONON 3 10 121 0 726,000$ -$ TASHBAR OF LAKEWOOD 3 13 225 0 1,350,000$ -$ TORAH INSTITUTE OF LAKEWOOD / YESHIVA BAIS HATORAH 3 13 325 0 1,950,000$ -$ UNITED TALMUDICAL ACADEMY 3 13 225 0 1,350,000$ -$ YESHIVA KEREN HATORAH 14 17 0 113 -$ 1,017,000$ YESHIVA KETER TORAH 3 15 139 22 834,000$ 198,000$ YESHIVA MASORAS AVOS 2 13 193 0 1,158,000$ -$ YESHIVA NESIVOS OHR 3 11 175 0 1,050,000$ -$ YESHIVA ORCHOS CHAIM 3 13 410 0 2,460,000$ -$ YESHIVA TIFERES TORAH 3 13 424 0 2,544,000$ -$ YESHIVA TOPRAS EMES 3 9 99 0 594,000$ -$ YESHIVA TORAS EMES 5 9 98 0 588,000$ -$ YESHIVAS OHR YISSOCHOR 14 17 0 68 -$ 612,000$

TOTAL 55,572,000$ 11,358,000$ 66,930,000$

Data Source: NCES Private School Survey

Figure 7. Estimated Maximum Private School Voucher Allocation to Lakewood Jewish Schools (assuming 100% already enrolled qualify)

A $67 million payout!

Bruce D

. Baker ©

2010

Figure 8.Low Estimate of Private School Voucher Allocation to Lakewood Private Schools(assuming only those below 100% poverty threshold qualify)

Data Source: US Census, School District Demographics System (ACS 2008)http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/sdds/acs08/acsdownload.aspx

Public Only All Private VouchersTotal: 5310 19670 14360Income in the past 12 months below the poverty level: 1585 6900 5315Enrolled in school: 1585 6900 5315Enrolled in nursery school, preschool 130 755 625Enrolled in kindergarten 85 1015 930 5,580,000$ Enrolled in grade 1 to grade 4 480 2325 1845 11,070,000$ Enrolled in grade 5 to grade 8 415 1555 1140 6,840,000$ Enrolled in grade 9 to grade 12 475 1250 775 6,975,000$ Enrolled in college undergraduate years 0 0 0Enrolled in graduate or professional school 0 0 0Not enrolled in school 0 0 0Income in the past 12 months at or above the poverty level: 3725 12770 9045Enrolled in school: 3725 12770 9045Enrolled in nursery school, preschool 260 1215 955Enrolled in kindergarten 285 1400 1115Enrolled in grade 1 to grade 4 1190 4180 2990Enrolled in grade 5 to grade 8 1050 3105 2055Enrolled in grade 9 to grade 12 915 2855 1940Enrolled in college undergraduate years 15 15 0Enrolled in graduate or professional school 0 0 0Not enrolled in school 0 0 0

TOTAL 30,465,000$

A $30 million payout!

myths & realities about private school enrollments … & realities about private school...

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