policy and regulations pune - unep and regulations – pune (2006) extract from the report...

Policy and Regulations – Pune (2006)

Extract from the report “Strategic Action Plan for Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan, Pune

(Volume I)”

1 Overview

The policy and legislative framework forms the backbone of any institutional and implementation system. At the national level, there are numerous provisions in the Indian legislative structure to have a bearing on the State’s management of environmental resources. Figure 1 gives an overall time frame and structure of environmental legislation in India.

These rules and regulations came into existence due to several reasons or incidents. For example, in India; the Environment (Protection) Act in 1986 was largely a response to the Bhopal Gas Tragedy that occurred in December, 19841 followed by the Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules in 1989. The reason for the floods in Mumbai on the 26th of July, 2005 was stated as the clogging of drains etc by plastic carry bags. Due to this, the Maharashtra Plastic Carry Bags Rules, 2006 was introduced.

The Solid Waste Management in India is covered under various regulations. It is covered through various national as well as some state level regulations. Some guidelines are also prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and State Pollution Control Boards (SPCB). The regulations for Solid Waste Management alone are shown in Figure 2. Specific regulations for the recent waste streams such as Electronic waste (E-waste) and C &D waste have not yet been formulated.

1 Divan, S. and Rosencranz, A. (2001), Environmental Law and Policy in India, Cases, Materials and Statutes, Second Edition; Oxford University Press, New Delhi, India.

Policy and Regulations – Pune (India)


Extract from the report “Strategic Action Plan for Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan, Pune (Volume I)”

Note: The list in the Figure presents crucial elements of Indian environmental legislation, it is not exhaustive.

Figure 1: Overview of Indian Environmental Legislation



(Volume I)”

Figure 2: Regulatory Framework Applicable to Solid Wastes in India

The salient features of some of the regulations in the context of the solid waste generation and management are presented in the following sections.

2. Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000

In 1999, following the report of the Committee appointed by the Supreme Court of India, the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Government of India (GoI) brought out the notification of Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules 2000. The key objectives of these rules were:

• To provide scientific management of municipal solid waste

• To ensure proper collection, segregation, transportation, processing and disposal of solid wastes

• To upgrade existing facilities to arrest contamination of soil and ground water.



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Responsibility of the municipal authority:

1. Providing and developing infrastructure for collection, storage, segregation, transportation, processing and disposal of municipal solid waste.

2. Complying with these rules as per the implementation schedule laid down in Schedule I2.

3. The minimum requirement for the Management of MSW has been described under the schedule II3. This schedule describes the requirements for collection, segregation, storage, transportation, processing and disposal of MSW.

Responsibility of the Generator of waste:

1. Avoidance of littering and ensuring delivery of wastes as stipulated by the municipal authority.

Responsibility the State Pollution Control Board (SPCB):

1. Monitoring the compliance of the standards regarding ground water, ambient air, leachate quality and the compost quality including incineration standards as specified under Schedules II, III and IV4. The details of application procedure, grant of authorization for setting up waste processing and disposal facility including landfills are also given in the Rules.

2. Co-coordinating with CPCB and the Committees with particular reference to implementation and review of standards and guidelines and compilation of monitoring data.

3. Bio-Medical (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998

In 1998, the MoEF, GoI issued the Bio-Medical wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998 and these rules were amended subsequently in 2003. These rules provide for segregation, packaging, transportation, storage, treatment and disposal of wastes generated by hospitals, clinics and laboratories.

Bio-medical wastes (BMW) have been classified into 10 categories and the treatment and disposal options for each of the categories are specified in Schedule I5. The treatment and disposal should be in compliance with the standards prescribed in Schedule V6 which gives the standards for incinerators (operating and emission standards), for waste autoclaving, for liquid waste, of microwaving and for deep burial.

Prescribed authorities (such as SPCBs) to grant authorization to hospitals are defined in the rules. An Advisory Committee is to advise the prescribed authority on the implementation of the rules. A schedule for implementation of BMW rules has been laid down in Schedule VI7.

2 As referred to http://envfor.nic.in/legis/hsm/mswmhr.html

3 IBID

4 IBID

5 As referred to http://envfor.nic.in/legis/hsm/biomed.html

6 IBID

7 IBID



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Responsibilities of SPCBs and CPCB:

1. Inventorization of sources of generating bio-medical waste

2. Issue of notices and authorizations

3. Organization of interaction meetings

4. Preparation of action plan, of annual report of management of BMW

5. Preparation of plans for setting-up of common facility for treatment and disposal of BMW

4. Construction and Demolition (C&D) Wastes Management

The government of India issued the MSW (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 that imposes direct responsibility on Municipal Authorities for the implementation of the said MSW Rules. The MSW Rules clearly stipulate waste generated by demolition and construction activities to be a type of municipal solid waste. The C&D wastes in Pune are currently included in the MSW management rules. However, there have been guidelines introduced for C&D waste management in the city of Mumbai.

The Municipal Commissioner of the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai introduced the "Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai C&D and De-silting Waste (Management and Disposal) Guidelines, 2005". These guidelines provide the framework that would govern the storage, collection, transportation, management and disposal of waste generated from all types of construction and demolition activities within the city of Mumbai. The guidelines also stipulate the processes and procedures to be followed by various categories of generators for C&D Waste Management in Mumbai8.

5. Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1989

The Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules came into effect in 1989. Comprehensive amendments to the Hazardous Wastes Rules of 1989 were done in 2000 subsequently to extend the application of the Rules to hitherto unregulated processes and wastes, strengthen the existing permit system and introduce a new set of regulations to restrict the export and import of hazardous wastes for recycling and reuse9. They are now more industry specific with the more importance given to the generation of wastes and presently the 2003 amendment is in force.

The rules states the responsibility of the management and handling of hazardous waste lies with the generator of the waste. The rule also provides the directions for identification of the hazardous wastes and the duties of the authorities. The requirement for the transportation, safe disposal of the waste and maintaining records are also described in the rules.

Responsibility of the occupier for handling of wastes

1. The occupier generating hazardous wastes listed in column (2) of the Schedule10 in quantities equal to or exceeding the limits given in column (3) of the said Schedule, shall take all

8 As referred to http://www.mcgm.gov.in/contents/C-D-W_G.pdf


10 As referred to http://envfor.nic.in/legis/hsm/hsm1.html



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practical steps to ensure that such wastes are properly handled and disposed of without any adverse effects which may result from such wastes and the occupier shall also be responsible for proper collection, reception, treatment, storage and disposal of these wastes either himself or through the operator of a facility.

2. The occupier or any other person acting on his behalf who intends to get his hazardous waste treated by the operator of a facility under sub-rule (1), shall give to the operator of a facility, such information as may be specified by the State Pollution Control Board.

3. The occupier or operator of a facility shall ensure that the hazardous wastes are packaged, based on the composition in a manner suitable for handling, storage and transport and the labelling and packaging shall be easily visible and be able to withstand physical conditions and climatic factors;"

4. The occupier or any operator of a facility shall be responsible for identifying sites for establishing hazardous wastes disposal facility.

5. These rules prescribe a permit system administered by state pollution control boards for the handling and disposals of hazardous waste. They provide for the packaging, labelling and transport, store or dispose of hazardous wastes and require state governments to compile and publish an inventory of hazardous waste disposal sites. These rules prohibit the import of hazardous wastes into India for dumping and disposal. This was done to harmonize the hazardous waste rules with the Basel Convention of 198911.

6. Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules, 2001

In 2001, the MoEF, GoI issued the Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules, 2001. These rules shall apply to every manufacturer, importer, re-conditioner, assembler, dealer, recycler, auctioneer, consumer and bulk consumer involved in manufacture, processing, sale, purchase and use of batteries or components thereof.

Responsibilities of manufacturer, importer, assembler, dealer and re-conditioner and recycler:

1. Ensure that the used batteries are collected back as per the Schedule12 against new batteries sold excluding those sold to original equipment manufacturer and bulk consumer(s);

2. Ensure that used batteries collected back are of similar type and specifications as that of the new batteries sold;

3. File a half-yearly return of their sales and buy-back to the State Board in Form- I latest by 3rd June and 30th December of every year;

4. Set up collection centres either individually or jointly -at various places for collection of used batteries from consumers or dealers;

5. Ensure that used batteries collected are sent only to the registered recyclers,

6. Ensure that necessary arrangements are made with dealers for safe transportation from collection centres to the premises of registered recyclers;

11 IBID

12 As referred to http://envfor.nic.in/legis/hsm/leadbat.html



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7. Ensure that no damage to the environment occurs during transportation;

8. Create public awareness through advertisements, publications, and posters or by other means with regard to the following hazards of lead; responsibility of consumers to return their used batteries only to the dealers or deliver at designated collection centres; and addresses of dealers and designated collection centres.

9. Use the international recycling sign on the Batteries;

10. Buy recycled lead only from registered recyclers; and

11. Bring to the notice of the State Board or the Ministry of Environment and Forests any violation by the dealers.

7. Recycled Plastics Manufacture and Usage Rules, 1999 as amended in 2003

In 1999, the MoEF, GoI issued the Recycled Plastics Manufacture and Usage Rules, 1999 which were amended in 2003. These rules prohibited the usage of carry bags or containers made of recycled plastics for storing, carrying, dispensing, or packaging of foodstuffs. The recycling of plastics would have to be undertaken strictly in accordance with the Bureau of Indian Standards specification: IS 14534: 1998 entitled "The Guidelines for Recycling of Plastics". The minimum thickness of carry bags made of virgin plastics or recycled plastics should not be less than 20 microns. By doing so, the recyclability of plastics would increase and would indirectly reduce the generation of plastic.

8. Maharashtra Non-Biodegradable Garbage (Control) Act, 2006

This Act provides for prevention of the garbage into open drains, roads, wetlands, waste lands, water bodies and open places to public view, and regulating the use of non-biodegradable material. It states that the State Government holds the powers to impose restriction or prohibition on the use of certain non-biodegradable material or any other material which is harmful to the environment. It also can impose requirements on manufacture and other people who handle such commodities with respect to size, thickness, labelling and composition of packaging with respect to its use and disposal.

Responsibility of the Municipal Corporation:

1. Setting up Non-biodegradable waste collection centers at various places depending upon the estimated quantum of waste and population density and carrying out segregation at these centers. Providing enough space at these centers for proper and category wise sorting of the waste.

2. Providing appropriate arrangement to prevent mixing of non-biodegradable and biodegradable waste at receptacles (minimum of two receptacles) and making provisions to transport the waste without mixing and in such a way to avoid spillage of garbage on roads

3. Providing and operating a scientifically designed landfill which will be restricted to non-biodegradable inert waste and other waste which is not suitable for recycling.

4. Scientifically analyzing and categorizing the waste excavated/removed from sewers, nallas and gutters and total solid waste in the area with respect to non-biodegradable waste.



(Volume I)”

Responsibility of the Generator of waste:

1. Making provision to place minimum of two receptacles for collection of non-biodegradable and biodegradable waste generated in their premises.

2. Not throwing construction waste in the drains, sewers, wetlands and waste lands and obtaining permission of the Municipal Corporation for appropriate and scientific disposal of waste.

9. The Maharashtra Plastic Carry Bags (Manufacture and Usage) Rules 2006

The Maharashtra Plastic Carry Bags Rules is the most recent rule. This rule restricts thickness of the plastic bag and makes the manufacturer mandatory to seek registration with the MPCB. It also states the conditions of manufacturing carry bags and containers made up of plastic and the marking to be made on them. It also states that recycling of the plastics should be undertaken in accordance with the Bureau of Indian Standards specifications IS 14534:1998.

10. Guidelines

In the context of solid wastes, there are some Guidelines from the Central Pollution Control Board as well as Maharashtra Pollution Control Board. These are listed below.

• Guidelines for Setting up of Operating Facility: Hazardous Waste Management13

• Guidelines For Common Hazardous Waste Incineration14,15

• Guidelines for Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment Facility by CPCB16

• Guidelines for Design and Construction Of Bio-Medical Waste Incinerator by CPCB17

• Citizens Guidelines on MSW by MPCB18

11. Electronic Waste (E-Waste) Management

From mid 1990s, the concern on E-waste and its impact grew in European countries and they took the initiatives to develop guidelines. European Parliament passed The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulations (“the WEEE Regulations”). In this directive, producers/ manufacturers, retailers and distributors are made responsible for managing E-waste. The Regulations came into force in 2004. Their main requirements and obligations came into effect from 13 August 2005 onwards.

13 As referred to http://mpcb.mah.nic.in/images/pdf/Guidelinessetingoperatingfacility.pdf

14 As referred to http://www.cpcb.nic.in/

15 As referred to http://mpcb.mah.nic.in/images/hwincinerator.pdf

16 As referred to http://cpcb.nic.in/incinii.htm

17 As referred to http://www.cpcb.nic.in/bio-medical.htm

18 As referred to http://mpcb.mah.nic.in/images/pdf/mswguidelines.pdf



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India doesn’t have regulations which directly deal with WEEE or E-waste but in Rules for Hazardous Waste Management and Handling, the care has been taken to prevent the import and export of E-waste not only at primary level but also at the secondary level.

Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Amended Rules, 2003: These define hazardous waste as “any waste which by reason of any of its physical, chemical, reactive, toxic, flammable, explosive or corrosive characteristics causes danger or is likely to cause danger to health or environment, whether alone or when on contact with other wastes or substances.” In Schedule 119, waste generated from the electronic industry is considered as hazardous waste. Schedule 320 lists waste of various kinds including electrical and electronic assemblies or scrap containing compounds such as accumulators and other batteries, mercury switches, glass from cathode ray tubes and other activated glass and PCB capacitors, or contaminated with constituents such as cadmium, mercury, lead, polychlorinated biphenyl or from which these have been removed, to an extent that they do not possess any of the constituents mentioned in Schedule 221.

Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) (Exim policy 2002-07): Second hand personal computers (PCs)/laptops are not permitted for import under EPCG scheme under the provisions of para 5.1 of the Exim Policy, even for service providers. Second-hand photocopier machines, air conditioners, diesel generating sets, etc, can also not be imported under Export Promotion of Capital Goods (EPCG) Scheme under the provisions of Para 5.1 of EXIM Policy even if these are less than ten years old.

12. Enforcement of Rules and Compliance Monitoring

Most of compliance monitoring and enforcement is done by SPCBs. The few direct enforcement actions taken by the CPCB are generally done by the zonal offices. According to the Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules of 1989, SPCBs can, with CPCB approval, impose administrative fines for any violation of those rules. Maharashtra is one of the very few states which have used this provision to impose penalties for unauthorized storage of hazardous waste. Over the last twenty years, the Supreme Court of India and some High Courts of the states have led the way in the enforcement of environmental laws through citizen-led public interest litigation (PIL) that has its legal basis in the constitutional right to a healthy environment. Under the public interest litigation process, the Supreme Court of India and the High Courts have relaxed standing and other procedural requirements so that citizens may file suits by a simple letter without the use of a lawyer, and appear before “green benches” (specially assigned judges)22.

Since 1985, an increasing number of environment-related cases in India have been filed as PILs. They have played an important role in changing the mechanism for environmental protection and conservation all over India. Some landmark legislations and high-powered committees on environmental issues have resulted due to PILs, such as those concerning hazardous waste disposal. Some time ago, the ‘Green Bench’ of the Supreme Court also made crucial interventions in the form

19 As referred to http://envfor.nic.in/legis/hsm/hsm1.html

20 IBID

21 IBID




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of environmental judgments such as translocation of polluting industrial areas and conversion to cleaner fuels23.

The compliance to such rules can be measured by certain compliance standards set by the SPCBs and the CPCB. Like most cities in India, in Pune city, the compliance to all the waste management rules if not up to the mark and needs to be increased. For example, the Indian Centre for Plastics in the Environment (ICPE) believes that the objective behind issuing of the Maharashtra Plastic Carry Bags Rules 2006 can be

substantially realized only with the co-operation of the industry and the public at large24. Although there is a lack in regulation for decentralized treatment, realizing the significance of decentralization, PMC has introduced the need for vermi-composting pits in all the newly constructed areas (post-2001).

Mechanisms like incentives, recognitions and penalties can be used to achieve compliance of these rules. Proper enforcement of rules can be done by allocation of the powers through state or municipal acts. Citizens can participate in this by utilizing their rights through PILs as well as the Maharashtra Right to Information (MRIT) Act, 2002.

The responsibility of waste management, the enforcement of the rules and compliance monitoring for Solid Wastes for the city of Pune is shown in Table 1:

Table 1: Solid Waste Management Framework for Pune City

Type of Waste Responsibility of

Management Enforcement of Rules and Compliance Monitoring

Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW), Plastics

PMC, Generator MPCB

Bio-Medical Wastes (BMW) Generator, Operator of Facility

MPCB

Construction and Demolition Wastes (C&D Wastes)

Reflected in MSW, should be displaced separately

MPCB

Hazardous Wastes, Batteries Generator, Operator of Facility

MPCB

Electronic Wastes (E-Wastes) - MPCB

This chapter mainly features the laws applicable to solid waste management however other laws would be essential for certain processes in the waste management cycle. This is because during the process of waste management, the solid wastes get converted to other forms. For example, the landfilling of Municipal Solid Waste would produce leachate which would also have to comply with the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1974, amended in 1988. The process of incineration would have to comply with the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1981, amended in 1987 in order to keep an account of the amount of fly ash residue. Other rules and regulations such as the Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 would be vital during reclamation and destruction of ozone depleting substances.

23 Judicial Activism and the Environment in India: Implications for Transnational Corporations by Pranay Lal and Veena Jha.Available at:

http://ep.lib.cbs.dk/download/ISBN/x646017607.pdf.

24 As referred to http://www.timesb2b.com/news1.html



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All the waste management rules and regulations address specific wastes separately and their enforcement is with the SPCB. However, the stakeholders are multiple with common linkages and therefore the chapters in this report are organized according to the specific waste streams.

The planning process has been facilitated at every stage by involving stakeholder consultations. The Strategic planning process to develop the ISWM plan incorporates Vision-Mission-Goals-Objectives-Targets-Strategies/Tactics-Actions-Tasks. The next chapter describes the current situation of waste management as it exists in Pune. The solid waste generation up to disposal has also been quantified in the next chapter.

13. Regulatory Framework Review and Gaps Therein

3.7.1 Level of Compliance

As outlined above, the SWM in Pune is covered under various regulations. The different requirements for MSW management have been addressed under the following:

• Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000

• Maharashtra Non-biodegradable Garbage (Control) Act, 2006

As discussed, the local municipal authority is required to provide all necessary systems and infrastructure under these regulations for the management of MSW. However the waste generators also have obligations described in the above. Table 2.summarizes a gap analyses in this perspective.

Table 2: Gap Analysis of Regulatory Requirements on MSW

Sl. No. Requirement Responsibility Present Situation Remarks

1 To avoid littering of wastes Generator

Littering of waste occurs in varying degree

Poor level of awareness

2 To ensure delivery of wastes in accordance with collection and segregation system

Generator

While delivery of waste to the collection system happens, the level of segregation very low

Lack of awareness on segregation requirements as well as on the benefits of such practices

3 Organizing House to House collection

Municipal Authority

Appreciable level of implementation (estimated to be around 20%-60%)

Should be 100%

4 Devising collection of waste from slums and squatter areas

Municipal Authority

Presently there is only a partial implementation

Should be 100%

5 Collection of waste from slaughter house, meat & fish, fruit and vegetable markets

Municipal Authority

Practiced for some establishments Should be 100%

6 Construction & Demolition waste and horticulture waste to be collected separately and disposed

Municipal Authority

Presently mixing is avoided to a large extent

Clear disposal mechanism and rules for C&D waste needs to be



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devised. Avenues for recycling of C&D waste need to be looked into.

7

Organise public awareness Municipal Authority

Various initiatives undertaken include widely publicised “Chakachak”

Need of further intensified efforts

8 To establish and maintain Storage facilities by considering the quantity of waste generation and the population density

Municipal Authority

Largely done based on local experience

Storage may be combined with decentralized treatment units for generation of compost/bio-gas

9 Storage facility should be designed so that wastes stored are not exposed to open atmosphere and is user friendly

Municipal Authority

All storage facilities are open

Needs immediate attention

10 Bins for storage of bio-degradable wastes to be painted green, those for storage of recyclable wastes to be printed white and those for storage of other wastes to be printed black

Municipal Authority

No such practices are evident


11 Manual handling prohibited; if unavoidable then proper safety measures to be taken

Municipal Authority

Manual handling done; PPEs an safety measures not in place


12 The bins or containers to be cleared before they start to overflow

Municipal Authority

Largely implemented Needs improvement

13 Multiple handling of waste before disposal to be avoided

Municipal Authority

Practiced to a large extent

Marginal improvement needed

14 Adoption of suitable or combination of technologies to make use of wastes so as to minimize burden on landfill

Municipal Authority

Community level waste processing encouraged; however the overall impact is rather low

Needs concerted effort at all levels

15 Mixed waste containing recoverable resources to follow route of recycling

Municipal Authority

Such practices are encouraged

Lot of scope exists by formalizing the recycling practices

16 Non-biodegradable, inert and other waste those cannot be recycled nor can be biologically processed to go for landfilling

Municipal Authority

Mixed wasted is currently dumped as is basis


18 Setting up of waste processing and disposal facilities by 31.12.2003

Municipal Authority

Yet to be implemented Needs immediate attention



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19 Monitoring the performance of waste processing and disposal facilities

Municipal Authority

Not a routine practice A plan for this should be drawn

20 Improvement of existing landfill sites by 31.12.2001

Municipal Authority

Partly done Should be addressed immediately

21 Identification of landfill sites for future use

Municipal Authority

Process in progress

In the context of Bio-medical Waste (BMW), the requirements have been spelled out in Bio-Medical (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998 as (amended subsequently). The requirements under this regulation and their implementation status are given in Table 3.9.

Table 3: Review of Regulatory Requirements on BMW

Sl. No. Requirement Responsibility

Level of Implementation Remarks

1 To take all steps to ensure that such waste is handled safely

Generator Lacking Poor levels of awareness

2 Waste to be treated and disposed Generator Partial compliance


3

Generator to set up requisite BMW treatment facilities or ensure the same at a common waste treatment facility

Generator Service provided to generators through a service provider

Presently estimated as 50% coverage Needs to 100%

4 Waste be segregated into containers/bags

Generator

Segregated to a large extent but the levels of segregation to be increased

Lack of enforcement; Lack of awareness

5

The container containing BMW should be labelled with information about the waste

Generator Mostly comply Lack of awareness as well as enforcement

6

Waste be transported in vehicle that is authorised for the purpose by the competent authority

Generator and/or operator of the common treatment facility

In compliance

9 No untreated BMW to be stored beyond a period of 48 hours.

Generator Mostly comply Lack of awareness as well as enforcement

10

To pick up and transport segregated non bio medical solid waste generated for disposal

Municipal Authority

Partially covered Implementation levels to be increased

11 To provide suitable common disposal/ incineration site

Municipal Authority

Complied



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For the industrial waste generated, the requirements for the hazardous waste component have been spelled out in Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989 (as amended subsequently). The requirements under this regulation and their implementation status are given in Table 4.

Table 4: Review of Regulatory Requirements on Industrial Solid Hazardous waste

Sl. No.

Requirement Responsibility Level of Implementation

Remarks

1 To collect, receive, treat, store and dispose the hazardous waste

Occupier and operator of facility

High level of compliance

2 To take adequate steps while handling hazardous waste



3

To ensure that the hazardous wastes packaged as per the composition and it is easy to be handled, stored and transported


Satisfactory Needs to be improved

4 To prepare six copies of the manifest of pre decided colour code



5

To design and set up disposal facility for hazardous waste or ensure the same at a common waste treatment facility


Approved disposal site exists

6

To maintain records of generation, collection, reception, treatment, disposal of hazardous waste



The other regulations governing the solid wastes generated in the city are as follows:

• The Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules, 2001

• The Recycled Plastics Manufacture and Usage Rules, 1999 (as amended subsequently)

• The Maharashtra Plastic Carry Bags (Manufacture and Usage) Rules 2006

• For all the three rules the implementation levels needs to be considerably increased.

• C&D waste should not be mixed with MSW for disposal. However currently there is no specific provision for its disposal.

• Similarly for Electronic Waste (E-waste) there is no prevailing regulation and no management guidelines have been specified.

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