pe-adz-7e05010104-mdc-948-r01 powerhouse - model for power system stability - thyne5&thyne6

8/17/2019 PE-ADZ-7E05010104-MDC-948-R01 Powerhouse - Model for Power System Stability - THYNE5&THYNE6

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Cliente / Client Cerro del Águila S.A Dibujado / Drawn Archivo / Filename PE-ADZ-7E05010104-MDC-948-R00 _PSS.docxCentral / Plant Cerro del Águila HPP Compr. / Check. Ind. Fecha / Date Fecha de Arch. / Filedate 18.03.2016

Proy. / Proj. N° H110.002217 Aprobado / Appr. 01 07.05.2015 Hoja / Page 2 de / of 19

= + -Interno / Internal NºDOC Nº PE-ADZ-7E05010104-MDC-948

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CONTENT

1 INTRODUCTION .......................... ............................ ............................ ............................. ............ 4 2 S IMULATION MODEL AND P ARAMETERS ......................... ............................ ............................ ..... 5 2.1 Generator, Transformer and Grid Connection .................................................................... ..................................... 5 2.2 THYNE5/THYNE6 Static Excitation System ........................................................................................ ....................... 7 2.2.1 Basic Structure of AVR and Power Part .......................................................................... .......................................... 7 2.2.2 Power System Stabilizer ......................................................................... ................................ ................................11 2.2.3 Instantaneous Field Current Limiter ........................................................... ..................................... ......................13 2.2.4 Under Excitation Limiter ........................................................................................................................................14 2.2.5 Thermal Limiter ................................................................................ ....................................... ...............................15

3 S TANDARD MODELS ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................. 17 3.1 Standard Model IEEE 421.5 ST8C ................................................................................................ ...........................17

REFERENCES .......................... ............................ ............................. ............................ .......................... 19


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Disclaimer

ANDRITZ HYDRO DOES NOT MAKE ANY WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATIONWHATSOEVER, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THE MERCHANTABILITY ORFITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OF ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THISREPORT OR THE RESPECTIVE WORKS OR SERVICES SUPPLIED OR PERFORMED BY

ANDRITZ HYDRO. ANDRITZ HYDRO DOES NOT ACCEPT ANY LIABILITY FOR ANYDAMAGES, EITHER DIRECTLY, CONSEQUENTIALLY OR OTHERWISE RESULTING FROMTHE USE OF THIS REPORT.


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1 INTRODUCTION

This document provides the mathematical models of the THYNE5/THYNE6 excitation system forpower system stability studies together with the required system parameters of the generator,

transformer and grid as well as the excitation (power part and controller).


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2 SIMULATIONMODEL ANDPARAMETERS

2.1 Generator, Transformer and Grid Connection

The synchronous generator model for power system stability studies is typically a sub transientmodel of a salient pole machine (hydro units) or round rotor machine (thermal units). Thecorresponding model parameters are summarized in Table 1 with typical values for hydro andthermal units, see [2].

Symbol Parameter name Unit

S r Rated apparent power 201.35 MVA

Ur Rated terminal voltage 13.8 kV

cos(phi) Power factor 0.85

f r Grid frequency 60 Hz

wr Rated speed rpm

Xd d-axis synchronous reactance 1.044 p.u.

Xd’ d-axis transient reactance 0.352 p.u.

Xd” d-axis sub transient reactance 0.261 p.u.

Xq q-axis synchronous reactance 0.724 p.u.

Xq’ q-axis transient reactance – p.u.

Xq” q-axis sub transient reactance 0.228 p.u.

Xl Stator leakage reactance 0.13 p.u.

R a Stator resistance

Td0 ’ d-axis transient open circuit time constant 8.64 s

Td0 ” d-axis sub transient open circuit time constant 0.107 s

Tq0 ’ q-axis transient open circuit time constant – s

Tq0 ” q-axis sub transient open circuit time constant s

H Overall inertia of turbine and generator 4.35 s

IE,r Excitation current at rated load 1575 A

VE,r Excitation voltage at rated load 270.2 V

IE,ag Excitation current at no-load air-gap 756 A

Table 1: Synchronous generator data.

For the step-up transformer the required parameters are summarized in Table 2.


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2.2 THYNE5/THYNE6 Static Excitation System

2.2.1 Basic Structure of AVR and Power Part

Figure 2 shows the mathematical model of the THYNE5/THYNE6 excitation system (AVR + powerpart) in shunt field connection. A list of the corresponding input, output and internal signals is givenin Table 4 and a list of all system parameters is provided in Table 5 and Table 6.

Symbol Signal name Unit

VT Terminal voltage magnitude p.u.

IT Terminal current magnitude p.u.

IP Terminal current active component p.u.

IQ Terminal current reactive component p.u.P Active power p.u.

Speed p.u.

Load angle deg

VC Compensation voltage p.u.

VCF Filtered compensation voltage p.u.

IE Excitation current p.u.

VE Excitation voltage p.u.IEF Filtered excitation current p.u.

VREF Reference voltage (set-point) p.u.

IE,REF Reference excitation current (set-point) p.u.

VS PSS output p.u.

VUEL Under excitation limiter output p.u.

VTHL Thermal limiter output p.u.

VOEL Over excitation limiter output p.u.

Table 4: Excitation model signals.


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Figure 2: THYNE5/THYNE6 excitation system model.


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Symbol Parameter name Value Unit

VTH Thyristor voltage 550 V

KE Amplification of rectifier 1.35 1)

KT Amplification of excitation transformer K T = V TH / VE,r 2.03

KN Re-normalization factor K N = IE,r / IE,ag 2.08

TE Time constant rectifier 0.003 s

Table 5: Power part model parameters.

1) For a 3-phase thyristor bridge.


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Active power compensation (droop) factor - p.u.

Reactive power compensation (droop) factor - p.u.

TFU Time const. voltage transducer 0.01 s

VPU Proportional gain, voltage controller 5 p.u.

TNU Integrator time constant, voltage controller 0.7 s

KDU Differential gain, voltage controller 0 p.u.

TDU Differential filter time constant, voltage controller 1 s

VPUmin Min. input limit, voltage controller -2.0 p.u.

VPUmax Max. input limit, voltage controller 2.0 p.u.

VTUmin Min. integrator limit, voltage controller I E - 0.33 p.u.

VTUmax Max. integrator limit, voltage controller I E +0.33 p.u.

VOUmin Min. output limit, voltage controller I E - 0.33 p.u.

VOUmax Max. output limit, voltage controller I E +0.33 p.u.

TFI Time const. field current transducer 0.005 s

VPI Proportional gain, current controller 4 p.u.TNI Integrator time constant, current controller 0 s

VPImin Min. input limit, voltage controller -16.0 p.u.

VPImax Max. input limit, voltage controller 16.0 p.u.

VTImin Min. integrator limit, voltage controller -0.8660 p.u.

VTImax Max. integrator limit, voltage controller 0.9962 p.u.

VOImin Min. output limit, voltage controller -0.8660 p.u.

VOImax Max. output limit, voltage controller 0.9962 p.u.

Table 6: AVR model parameters.


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2.2.2 Power System Stabilizer

The power system stabilizer is a PSS2A/B type according to IEEE 421.5 as shown in Figure 3. Thecorresponding parameters are listed in Table 7.

Figure 3: Power system stabilizer block diagram.


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TW1 Wash out time constant 1 5 s




T6 Low pass filter time constant 6 0 s

T7 Low pass filter time constant 7 5 s

KS2 Proportional gain 2 0.64

KS3 Proportional gain 3 1

T8 Ramp tracking filter time constant of numerator 0.5 s

T9 Ramp tracking filter time constant of denominator 0.1 s

M Ramp tracking filter exponent of denominator 5

N Ramp tracking filter exponent of numerator 1

T1 Lead lag 1 time constant of numerator 0.13 s

T2 Lead lag 1 time constant of denominator 0.04 s





S AB Switch: 0 … PSS2A / 1 … PSS2B 1

KS1 Proportional gain 1 4

VSmin Min. PSS output limit -0.05 p.u.

VSmax Max. PSS output limit 0.05 p.u.

Table 7: Power system stabilizer parameters.


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2.2.3 Instantaneous Field Current Limiter

The instantaneous field current limiter as shown in Figure 4 consists of two parallel PIcontrollers with anti-wind-up integrators. The corresponding parameters can be found inTable 8.

+

+

VFCL

1

sT I,FCLmin+

KP,FCLmin

–

IEmin

0

VFCLmin

IE

+

+1

sT I,FCLmax+

KP,FCLmax

–

IEmax

0

VFCLmaxIE

Figure 4: Instantaneous field current limiter block diagram.


IEmin Lower field current limit p.u.

KP,FCLmin Proportional gain of minimum regulator

TI,FCLmin Integrator time constant of minimum regulator s

VFCLmin Output limit of minimum regulator p.u.

IEmax Upper field current limit p.u.

KP,FCLmax Proportional gain of maximum regulator

TI,FCLmax Integrator time constant of maximum regulator s

VFCLmax Output limit of maximum regulator p.u.

Table 8: Instantaneous field current limiter parameters.


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2.2.4 Under Excitation Limiter

The structure of the under excitation limiter is shown in Figure 5. Is comprises a differentialand a PI controller with separate limits. The corresponding parameters can be found inTable 9.

Figure 5: Under excitation limiter block diagram.


D,LIM Differential rotor angle limit p.u.KDUEL Differential gain

TDUEL Filter time constant of differentiator s

VD,UELmax Output limit of differentiator 1.0 p.u.

LIM Rotor angle limit p.u.

KPUEL Proportional gain

TIUEL Integrator time constant s

VUELmax Output limit 2.0 p.u.

Table 9: Under excitation limiter parameters.


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2.2.5 Thermal Limiter

The block diagram of the thermal limiter is illustrated in Figure 6. Two separate timeconstants for the delayed signals of the stator current and field current as well as thehysteresis can be chosen. The controller is an integrator with two different time constants,i.e. TI1 for raising or lowering if the limiter becomes active and TI2 for resetting the limiter.The corresponding parameters can be found in Table 10.

IT

VTHLmin

VTHLmax

&

ITd

IQ

ITd > ITmax

A

B

C

D

1

1-

1

s

A

S

f RAISE

f LOWER

f RESETP

f RESETN

1

1-

0

E

f 0

S

RIf A=1: S=AIf B=1: S=BIf C=1: S=CIf D=1: S=DELSE: S=E

1

1+sT 1ITd < ITmax - ITzone

IQ > IQmax

IQ < IQmin

IE

IEd > IEmax S

R1

1+sT 2IEd < IEmax - IEzome

IE > IEmax

IE < IEmax - IEzone

&

&

ORB

V

VTHL > 0 S

RVTHL < 0

&

&

C

D

If C=1: V THLmax =0If D=1: V THLmax =1ELSE: V THLmax =1

If C=1: V THLmin =-1If D=1: V THLmin = 0ELSE: V THLmin =-1

TI1

TI1

TI2

TI2

IT > ITmax

IT < ITmax - ITzone

IEd

Figure 6: Thermal limiter block diagram .


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T1 Time constant for delayed stator current s

ITmax Limit for stator current p.u.

ITzone Hysteresis for stator current p.u.

IQmin Lower limit for reactive current p.u.

IQmax Upper limit for reactive current p.u.

T2 Time constant for delayed field current s

IEmax Limit for field current p.u.

IEzone Hysteresis for field current p.u.

TI1 Integrator time constant 1 s

TI2 Integrator time constant 2 s

Table 10: Thermal limiter parameters.


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KP Potential circuit gain coefficient K P = K T, SW1 = A (shunt field) p.u.

KI1 Potential circuit gain coefficient 0 p.u.

XL Potential circuit gain coefficient 0 p.u.

KI2 Potential circuit gain coefficient for compound 0 p.u.

KC1 Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance 0 p.u.

KC2 Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance 0 p.u.

RC Active power compensation (droop) factor R C = p.u.

XC Reactive power compensation (droop) factor X C = p.u.

TR Time const. voltage transducer T R = T FU 0.01 s

KPR Proportional gain, voltage controller K PR = V PU p.u.

KIR Integrator time constant, voltage controller K IR = V PU / T NU 1/s

VPRmin Min. input limit, voltage controller -2.0 p.u.

VPRmax Max. input limit, voltage controller 2.0 p.u.

VIRmin Min. integrator limit, voltage controller I FDF - 0.33 p.u.

VIRmax Max. integrator limit, voltage controller I FDF +0.33 p.u.

VORmin Min. output limit, voltage controller I FDF - 0.33 p.u.

VORmax Max. output limit, voltage controller I FDF +0.33 p.u.

KF2 Field current re-normalization factor K F2 = 1/K N

TF2 Time const. field current transducer T F2 = T FI 0.005 s

KPA Proportional gain, current controller K PA = V PI p.u.

KIA Integrator gain, current controller K IA = V PI / TNI 1/s

VPMmin Min. input limit, voltage controller -16.0 p.u.

VPMmax Max. input limit, voltage controller 16.0 p.u.

VIMmin Min. integrator limit, voltage controller -0.8660 p.u.

VIMmax Max. integrator limit, voltage controller 0.9962 p.u.

VOMmin Min. output limit, voltage controller -0.8660 p.u.

VOMmax Max. output limit, voltage controller 0.9962 p.u.


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K A Amplification of excitation K A = K N KE

T A Time constant rectifier 0.0013 s

VRmin Min. output limit, converter V Rmin = K A VOMmin p.u.VRmax Max. output limit, converter V Rmin = K A VOMmax p.u.

Table 11: ST8C model parameters.

REFERENCES

[1] Andritz Hydro, “GMR3 – Voltage Regulator and Gate Control Functional Description”, Andritz Hydro GmbH, Austria, 2012.

[2] P. Kundur, "Power System Stability and Control", McGraw-Hill, New York, 1993.[3] IEC 60034-16-2 1991 Standard “Rotating electrical machines - Part 16: Excitation

systems for synchronous machines - Chapter 2: Models for power system studies”.

[4] IEEE Standard 421.5, "IEEE Recommended Practice for Excitation System Models forPower System Stability Studies" April 2006.

[5] A. Glaninger-Katschnig, F. Nowak, M. Baechle and J. Taborda, “New Digital ExcitationSystem Models in addition to IEEE.421.5 2005”, IEEE PES General Meeting, 2010

pe-adz-7e05010104-mdc-948-r01 powerhouse - model for power system stability - thyne5&thyne6

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