peace researcher vol1 issue05 1984

8/9/2019 Peace Researcher Vol1 Issue05 1984

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PCE

REYCHNEWZEALND'SUNISCLOSEDDEFENCE ARRANGEMENTS(1970, 1972, 1977, 1978, 1980)

BY K BURGESS

Former Defee Minister David Thomson - Signing New Zeaand's independence away andinterating New Zeaand into United States miitary systems and nucear strategies.,

Between 1970 an 1980 New Zealan entere, or grdute to ull memership status ito anum". I unisclos military arrangements involving Australia new ealan and other westernnations

Yet none of these rrngements (as funamental s the are to New Zealan's relationship with theother NZUS partners) have rt a mention either in anual Ministr of Defence reports or in the

. 1978- 1983 Defenc Reviws Thr have en no public statements aut these signicant militacomitments no has prlimnt een vise

In 1970 New Zeala ecame full aicipnt in the Technical Cooperation Progrmme in 197 theCoin Communictions Electronics Bor, in 1977 the UKUS (Unite Kingom Unite States,ustrlia) grement in 1978 t RaforGollins greemet an in 198 Th Nvl CommunicaionsBar

Une these rngements (an others) New Zealan arme forces an intelligence sricesecme more closel intgrate into Unite States militar sstems an nuclear strategis

Since 1970 the Nw Zealan efence estlishment hs not n ormant t hs forg newrelationships with its NZUS ptnrs has een a ce in whh New Zealn has emecommitte to th militr programmes of a nucler-rm super-Powr wHhout pulic consulttion anwithout consulttion wth the pulic's representatives in parliment

The arrngements inclue iviing up the oeans to track an eep uner suveillance vessels of theSoviet Union in n itegrte allie, worl-wie oratin, maing naval communication ssems

"UDER TESE ARRAGEMETS (AD OTERS) EW ZEALADARMED FORES AD EGEE SERVES EAME MOREOSEY TEGRATED TO UTED SATES MTAR SSTEMS ADUEAR STRATEGES.

compatile for the prpose of integrte warfre an allcating miltr research n evelopment(R&) projects

In this issue PECE RESERCER continues to ocument an etail these unisclosrrangements exmis at what cost Nw Zaln has ntere thm n places them in the coteto nuclerarme wl in which on uclear power or anthe in tims of tension ma contemplatelaunching that firststrie'In issues & 4 th UKUSA Agreement s examned and n ssue 4 The Techncal Coopraton

Programme.

NSIDE - THE SPACE SHUTTLE AND NEW ZEALAND SUPPORT FOR NUCLEARWAR - S NEW ZEALAND TARGETED BY THE UTED STATES? ALDRIDGEON CRUSE MSSS - MORE.


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2500kms, patring lr ur hurs ad retr tbase, v tem a sfcat rae.

Nw Zalnd frigats r aso depoy to

carryout th cmmtmets olhe RCAgrement,

ad a HighFrequncy-Drtion Fdg (HF-DF)

faciity haben etabhe at Tagimoaa i th

North Iad or tpr 01 pn up rado,- \

i-"+.I",.'

.-

a ad at tr rce. cattat t facy wa t raw bar at team tm tat Nw Zaad wa eter tRafrdC cmmmet

RC ExerFr t day Marc 1 982 a cmmad pt

xr (CPX) wa tad by t Ute Stata ae t tet cmbd prcr der te

rard-C Areemt T New ZaMtry f Defc rprt fr 1982 wjtacwed te Rar-CI cmmmetjeW erb t xrce a 'a wrd weNava Ctr o Spp.

T exerce wa t s ta axpav trated attmt t br te ceaf te wrd der te ctr f te Uted Stata j a T xerc wa repatd 1983dr t tte R Ca Oc aa tre bee prty t qt t prpe fc a a ecmpa xerce wct e ta war bee pract.

SecrecyT Nw Zeaad vrmet eep tt

pped abt te aret I a ettr t PEACEREEARCHER t Mstry Defee acde tat te areemet des xst but

3ress t rase a s. Tat d crrty uder vetat by te CefOmbdma ad Davd ay (abr MP r SAba Crcrc) w rc aparametary qet t a 0aremet t paramtary

A pbc xamat 0 t mpcat f ted aremet vr. T Nw

Zaa vrmet t par tacwede tat f r a te UtStat, bcm ttr ad br qpfr wa car war. T New Zeaad pbceve t be frmed 0 t trm f taremet. Te mt mprat qet wvrs, w cas e te?

B B V

(2) September 1972 New Zaad bc a f

ember of!Combin Commuiato Boardd in 1980 th Naval Communcats Boar.

Both organatons came abt due to ane toachve a measur of commuicatosterprabty amt t v f AraaCaaa Nw Zeaa te Ued Km ate Uted Stat.

s may f t df arramtt raat are rved frm ratpdveped r t Secd r ar p t

w te dere f oat acty ! ab 0 mmcat ttcybtwe t av f t Brt Cmmwaad te Ut State wa vr xtt

T mmwa av a aptd acmm ct te Ft" b a cmmFeet Sa b a cmm c f facmm prr mm ra tramtecq a terprab crypapcytm.

Maw te Ud State Navy wadepdty ev ata tadar fprre amt t w var ft

T Cmbed Cmmcat EtrcBar a be tr a ere ratad ame ca be Marc 191we te frt recrded cs bew tUte States ad te Uted Km ac.

deret terva Caada ad Atraa btad f membrp tat ts raatPrevy reprtatv f Caaa Atraaad Nw Zeaad wre vt wevr t waee t apprprat

Bt Sptmber 20 1972 New Zadbcame a f member f te raat ad ttt bcame w a t CmbCmmat Eectrc Bar. It f t re te terprabjy betwe t pad arcrat f Ae av tat prate teterat a a rear ba

New Zeaads radu t mbersp


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sas sg N aand navys fungran n n d ommuncaos sysm n h w Znd had pdh bg rqrms onrpraby , rg sphscdmmun9

Cmbn Cmmnn cnsBoard s a coordn dy ws rponsby

nds h sbshm o h conn, frand ras py f Ad CmmnnsPbcans (ACPS) nd sppmns

In addn hs rgnsn a wsn frm sprvsry ord mad o

M _r-I "VI/DAlA . '.

ssoiat saus am a fu memr n 8Th Nava Communcaons Board sf ms

annuay n My n rna naona capas, ands srv b Cmm, hnca WorkngGrp nd Pr Sng Grp (PSG) hCmm s nny n Nov, nWahng h mgs r hs n lrn byh nvs rpsnd, lakng dvng o hrmbassy fs

h PSG s omprs o cmmnonsofrs and crns fcs of h Adnavs bsd on mbssy saffs nWashngn h PSG s on vrag w amonh.

h probms of nropraby ar smmd upn h aompnyng dagram whh dmonsrash cpx mmuncns nks amongs hmmbr naons f h Cmbnd Cmmuncaons:Bord and h Nav Cmmncaons Bord

h dagrm dmnsras so h \prms ar no sry nava bu xnd rb d nd-bd mmunnsH 'syss Nw Zaands gradan o f I mmbrshp sus n hs arrangmns marksI Nw Zaads fu ngraon no an Asraan Cnadan Brsh and amrcan aycommunans sysm "

This inreasing invvement has incudedAUCNNZ recenly te irst Cmmand, Cntro andCommunatns (C3) Counter Measures (CM)

Exercise held by the United States, Austrli andNew Zend in the PacHic. And by invving aiesn hs avs, h Und Sas s shong ads b ndpndn n rgn scury

UCNNZUKAUCANUUCommunicats It2rpebly-h m.rana pop rprsnng h vrosnavs hs orgnn, knwn as hSuprvsoy Brd f h Nv CmmnnsBoard ws nnd as a r shoog grupws funcon s 0 rsv ommnconsprobms s bard has m fur ms sn60 Nw Zand whch gy hd an

I rg nd onvnona wars wr nyhrs Nw Zaands scuy hn grarnrorby nd ngraon wud bwomd

On agan h nrsng dngrs f nucrwr hv s hv dd h as.o wag and wn a ncr war, n fn dsurvvb Command Conro ndCmmuncns (C3) sys s rqr

Nw Zands nry n h ComndCmmnans Board n 70 and n h NavaCommnns Bord n &0 wnnanond as hv s mny f Nw Zads

mry arrngs h h nuarrdUnd Sh Nw Zaand gvrnmns aud f

rnc and srcy wrds hs dfarrgns ad h pb oud ha hgovmn wud prr h b ds nknow Dsubngy Nw Zands ny nohs undscsd dfnc arrangmns rvsa rnd ha Nw Zaand s cmng mor nd

mr ngr n Un Sa mrysysms and nr srgs

() e Str Bss of Austrn DefenePoy Doumt The ANZC CNECONby Des T Buetn 9. PEACE

SEARCHER oen wth M AUS-CANWHO? Ae by ??7???7??7? n

Sgns Mgzne, PEACE RESEARCHERcesndence wh MOD


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SHUTTLE IMAGING RADAR PROJECT: NEW ZEALAND SUPPORT FOR NUCLEAR WAR

A U.S. General Accounng Ofce report ha found that nearly 25% ofNASA'research and development funds support the U.S. Department ofDefence. New Zealand is becoming involved some of NASA work,most importantly a spaca shuttle Imaging radar project. While thl workwill be of general Ienc well as military value, PEAERESEARHER Is of the opinion that the mitary applicaons shouldneverthI expod.

Recently, the Australan Minister o Deenceannounced that Australian deence scientists wi particpate in a mor United States peprogramme this coming August (The Star 18May 1984) America's National Aeronautics andSpce Admnistraton (NASA) has chosen anAustrn dence exprment or a ro n

NASA space shutte radar programmeNew Zealand also hs a role in the NASAspace shutte radar programme n August Whileour role does not have as direct a military mplcation as that o Australa it cearly has somemitary sgniicance

STAR WARS

space shu is a key US. researchplatorm n the space weapons race "Most oNASA's military-reated research and deveopment unds are nvested in the space shue(The Deence Monitor Vl. XI No 5, 1983). he

shue s neceary or testing and assembng awho range o w spa weapons and theirsuppong tchnogs NASA H stensblya civiian nsttutn has increasngymiarsed A Gena Accounng Ofcenvstgation und that roughy 26 o NAS'sresearh and dveont unds suppoed tDepamen o Den, athough NASA cmths gure was less tha 0 1. hs s a n newth Presdent Reagans pans or Sr Wars

INCREASING ACCURACYIncrsly an ecve nucr war hting

straty is sen to depnd on sateltesSphsticat sateite survlance symsapabe o identyng targets, ncreasing mssle acuray and o almost nstantanuslyassessng the reuts o a nuclear atack andso carying out reatime' anaysis as we asseecting new targets oly encoura t illusono Reagans nucear strategists that nuclear warscan ought lke any th wars tradng bowr bw Spacebased radar s an impontelement n this nucear war ightng capabilitysnce what s caed actve radar' can penetratedarkness ouds and rain even the smoke and

dut 0 nuclear battle, continung to oprate undercondition unavourabe to other remote sensor Advnced spe-based radar programmes are

o under development in the United States Foreampe ogramme jonty sponored by their Force nd e Deece Adanced Reearch

- DENNIS SALL RERS


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7/12

il l K K

. By Robert C ldridge

n June of tis yar te long-range nuclear version 1 sea-launced cruise missiles will tartdpolyment on sips and submarines Ground-launced variants first became oprational lastDecember in Britain nd air-launced cruise missil a yar earlier on 52 bombers Tis gobpeading of unverifiable weapons systems is in sarp violation of te nuclar Non-Proleration Tratyand will dfuse arms reduction attempts in years to come. Bt even more sinister is tat cruise missilesplay a prominent role in America's emerging first strike stratgy.

Cruise missiles are miniatu, subsonic jt airplanes wic fly at treetop eigts using snsors to findteir way and avoid obstacles wile controlled by an automatic pilot Tey evolved from te Grman"buzz bomb of Word War and are now so compact tat tey can be fired from a submarine'storpedo tube. Teir Train Contour Matcing (TERCOM) sensor follows a computerized mp to ttarget But cruise missiles ve been plagued wit a poor success rate undr ideal conditions. Andtey won'! be tested over routes similar to wat will be ncountered in te Soviet nion unti later tisyear at is wy te US General Accounting Oice as warned tat America is dploying a seris ofexpensive comple weapons systems wic officials consider of te igest priority witout rallyknowing weter tey will work in wartime But te Pentagon appars anxious to gt tese missiles intote field wile it is still possible do so

Nevertelss te answer to a weapon not working is to fix it. Given enoug time and oney tatcan ventually be done And wen accomplised as military officials boast, cruise missiles will b temost prcise of all te new weapons bcaus ty travl slowly and can obtain many navigationcorrections enroute to teir targets Tse officials also claim tat cruise missils are not first strikweapons because ty ar too slow to destroy a missile silo before te issile is launced Tat tyconclude makes cruise missiles a stabilizing addition to t S nuclear arsenal. But tat assumption

fails to consider imporant pints not readily apparent.An unknown whic aunts Pentagon war planners is te co-caled fratricide environmnt Tis is a

catcall prase for te nuclar explosion effects wic migt prevent remaining wareads fromcompleting Ieir missn Eletomagnetic pulse (EMP), wic as captured reent mdia attention is '9 b Ie leas imtant small wareads wic cn b sielded Oter h rm m nd adition blas h dust and


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debris, and onzaton of the atmosphee

Bastc msses such as the Peshng- and the statgc wepns (Mnuleman MX and Tdenttav n 8 hgh ac though space When they ome back down n the tagets they eenle theatmosphee at between 1 and 0 tmes the speed of sound dependng on the msse's ange If theyae cose to a nucea bast the pompt adaton coud me factue o sp the stuctues to wheethey woud bun up ke a mette fom a cton Bast and tubuent heat coud cause sma effectsas we as bow the wahead off couse. Coson wth dust and dbs at such temendous spedswoud damage the waheads nose tp to whee t woud vee o couse o even beak up and

ncneateFuthemoe as the waad stas to eente the atmosphee t "snfs the gound wth ada todetemne ts attude and see s as to pecsey st tme fo th bomb to expode Ths wud behamped by an onzed atmosee whch backsul eetmagnetc adton I the bmb expoestoo hgh t w not be as damgng to a so and t busts too ate t w be destoyed by mpact Thss how fatcde can endang bastc msse waheads It s n ovcomng these effcts that cusemsses coud b emoyed.

A Foce Genea Aton D Say testfed that thee s a wndow though whch entengwaheads can avod fatcde As best abe to detemne fom hevy censoed tanscpts t ookske that wndow s between th fst 1 seconds (when thee s pompt adaton pus bast seveeheatng a tubuence dung nta mushoom coud fomatn) and 1 hous aftewad when the dustcoud has spead ove a age aea at hgh attude Dust and debs cose to the gound s expected tose n n hou o o

But wth many nucea exposons takng pace that nta 100 seonds may be poonged ausngmany aheds to be destoyd And the dust coud may spead ov Sovet msse feds faste anddense than expected so that any bastc waheads zppng down though t woud be nstntydemoshed In sho the wndow though whch fatcde can be penetated may be too sma and fotoo sho a lme Aong wth tht the Sovet msse foce coud not be aunched wthout bengjeapodzed

Cuse msses coud be the nsuane ocy aganst ths eventuaty When bastc msses ae fedat enemy sos and command sts the sowe cus msses coud aso be staed on the way Theywoud be and-aunched fom Euope a-aunched fom bmbes and sa-unched fm shps andsubmanes They woud appch the Sovet Unon fom a detos and tmed to ave at tagsate the dust and debs cose to the gound has seted TERCOM woud gude the cuse ongwthout eance on extena navgaton sgnas whch coud be back-out by the onzed atmospheeConcevabe th bombs coud a be tm to exoe smutaneusy to pecude futhe fatcde

It shoud be notd that cus msses ae beng desned to opeate n dusty envonment.Athough jet enges have ben known to fa when fyng thugh vocno dust Lt Gen Hay A.Gfth deto of the Defen Nucea Agency to Congess ast yea that hs gnston snvestgatg the fft of nuce dust cuse msse a acat ene. He sd he has cometed

a sees of bast esn test on cuse mss eg and s wkng wth a the mtay sevcesto assss vea dust fets o acaf gne and stuctua mate.

Caefu sutny des not sup the cm that cuse msses ae tabng deteent weaons. Bytavng ow and sw they y the ony wean cbe of coptng the st stke destucton1 sos whe Sovet msses themseves e pned dwn by t nuce w envonmnt. In tssense tey sgncnty enhne the st stke pay ng achev by the Unte States acabty whch n tmes 1 see nteta css coud nc th Kemn nto punchng te msse


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launch buon bfore s weapons are destroyed. Rather than deter a Russian aack, crui misisadd to the arsenal that mght actualy provoke an aack

RR Cg LDR is an aerospace engineer who once helped design strategic missiles. He is now eng" inrivate research aimed at better public understanding of military programmes His lastbook, 1,' "k T "g . , W is availabl from SothEnd Press in Boston

IS W ZALAD AGlD BY TH UID SAS?

"Q. Wh t oth an the "It Unn nd _t,t count rtd by Am n I1 A AmMn " incung NewZInd nd A'

A sufeit of nuclr weapons pl{d in the Pacic could have th United States looking for targetsand New Zeland coul b amons thm a New Zealand Airforce officers' strategy examination has right

The examination, in early February of this year contaned the quetion: What areas other than! Soviet Union and atellite countries are targeted by American missiles? The answer Americanalls incli New Zealand and Australia The answer listd thr targeted ares in Christchurchaone

This infomation was passd onto PEACE RESEARCHER by an individual we consider a rebleource, but not surprisingly we have been unable to track down th papr itsef.

However th notion 1 United States targeting its allis in the event 1 nuclear war is no a new oneIn 980 e day aftr Mr Francis Pym the British Secretary 1 State for Defence, revead his plnsor the placent of cuise missies in Britain, Russian sources leaked a 'capturd l

Amican Commando hadquarters in Europe This had ben stolen almost wo dcaes ealier by aSovit spy S Army Sergeant R L. Johnson Johnson ha bn later apprndd by th FBI, ndsntend to tty-fve yrs in prison His son subsquently shot him dead during a prison visi

Th pages of Top Scret material includd par of US Air Foce Europ 'Nucr Yld

Rquirments manual hich gave lists of targts in nemy, tral an fndly countries with pristals of their dimnsions and vulnerability to nuclear atackVolum th manual is 16 pages long and contains over 2800 targets throughout Euro and in

parts of t Mdd East The tarts are not stratgic and not iclude missile silos, but consist forthe most pa of lists f aifil and oth failiies Thy re leo and ilude railwy nhighway bridges railway marchalig ards and sidings militay headquarters an camps, tropnctrations, watays, por areas, otorway junctions and mjor and minor airrts

All of th in militay terms are so tarts no requiring to b attackd by nucr wpons Thfact was that t US hd already stockpi s many nuclar weapons in Europ that tre was nother use for thm than to target ailways, bridges or motor way irtons The stuto was o ofoverkill with an ovrsupply of weapons dictating stratgy nd taics in arc of crdile nuclartargets

Th 'Nlear Yild Rquirents manual is aording to western stratg sialists and s

statts by NATO auhits, virtually mpletey atnti surprsingy the manual is stamTh fc' th' the US hd y 'd ny nuc

wpon tht th no o fo 'hm 'l n to g wY bdg0 motowY . cn Th n O ofo"/th an o" uppy of wapon ng nd tflinch 01 b nuc 'gt

on evey pag sial halig rquired not reab to foign naionals'Such was the overkill situation in 1962 that USAF mbrs could drop 8 20 thousnd megatns

of nuclea weapons in Europ and th UR within a twty/our hour period Since tat time thNATO and the Warsaw Pact powers have augmentd their nmbrs of tactical nuclear weapns

cours th rationale bind th targting of US allis was rive ! Soviet Union of thetargtd resourcesUnfounately the document was incomplete with only 0 pages out more than 60 snt Brtish

Ps and daily newspapers There were only 2 pages of the county codes used by the US for nuclear


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1target plans.

The lt ncluded named cte: 69 n Yugolava, 36 n Austra 13 in Wet Germany, 21 n Fnland

and fve in Ian. Nt aeang n th ncomplet e li were Bran, Ausala o New Zealand However

w th gro ng nuclearsation0 the PacHic Ocean, the Unted States co uld very well bdrawng up anew, a moe compehnie lt

Perha pecalit at Intenational Intute of Strategic Stud n London hould have th latword They have aid that the taget lit wll not have ben alered, but merely expnded.

KE BUE

(Suces - incude ew satesman 27 June 98 Prtest and Survve ed E P Tmpsn 98),

NAVSTAR-GPS: New Zealand Lands andSurvey responds to questions

By Bob Leonard

'Pc Rrchr Nbr ' rd th f psbl N Zld-NAVTAR lkOr qto rrd th pttl fr lt volvt th th tllt t rddrd to th Drctr Grl f Cro d A r of th rpo v hr thth qto

Wha ar h gnra aabiiis f h w $4,0rivrs? Wu h b usa jus frmaing and surv wrk rwud h hav miar aabiiis as w?

ee: Th rcvr tht old b prchd b N Zld for gdtc rrch rth Mcrotr Mdl V10fctrd b Mcrtrc Ic. Wobr Ms UA Th th ol crcll vlbl Globl Potog t (GP) r qpt tht do ot rqr GP cd It clr r th tdd tht ltr cpblt r t of '\.cocr th cott of d d rv rsrch Whr wi h rivrs b ad?ee: Th rcvrs r portbl d ld b plcd to tblh odtc rv ctrol th pcg of o o vrl hdrd klotr N Zld3 Wh wi a fr h rivrs and frm whai budg aains?

ee: "N plc" ho th rcvr old b pd for Wha rsnn w ra fais

ee N Zld cvl5. Wha ssm aura wud b baind in Nw Zaand? Hw ds ha aura marwih xising aabiiis?

ee: Accc f o pt r llo f t dtc b pr f pot th

pc f t svrl thod klotr Th trlt to pt to ccrc of vrltr lttd lgtd d llpodl hght. r Jh Hh phzd to Peaceeece tt h dfrto td r ll rvd b "rltv pt" cpblt otrqr cc to th ltr P cod U of tht cd to chv "blt poto thrpct t crdt frork th or t th tr f of th rth cld bvd lr" ccrd to r h Wha Nw Zaand maing rquirmns and rsarh nds wud b m b iin wihNAVSARGPS?

ee: Th bl to otor crtl dfrt bt pt th hh ccchopfll ld to rthqk prdct odl" Wi a h aa dvd frm h ssm b n fr ivian us and ub sruin?

ee: All dt ll b pl pblhd. Wlhr b an mmuniains is bn h GPS rivrs and/r sains and NwZaand Or S miiar ssms?

ese No Wi h Nw Zaand riving sains b art f h nwrk f grund sains mniringand og sai siins?


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o No ol b rl o o or r!1

a ah f h h rv ro. W ll ro o h Dr of Df or obl fr lr k o ATARGP l h Mror or ohr rvr b rh for Zl

Sources: letters to Pe ace Researche fom Or John Hannah and Mr W.,Roberton o the Depatment o f Lands andSuey. Bock, Y. et a 9. Geodeti Auray of the Marometer Model Vl0 Preente at 18[ Gen' Assemb

o"

IUGG. Hambrg, Gemany 7 August

PEAC RSARCHR OMMNT:

US STARIFER BAN AT CHRISTCHURCHAIRPORTBy Bob Leonad

Th bor Govr o ro llo lr N Zl lrofr zo A ll h 19 or o o bor Mbr of Prl ror h fro of Th Pr 6 A A rl of h llo llor r of U lr vl ohr h rh. All h lr vl

hhr h b h rk or rrf fll r h hr ofr or ol of hU ovr h r o ror of lr o.

Ar For rfr ro rrf Chrhrh rol Aror hr of r r h o o for r. Th jor of ho flh r for lr roh o rlv o Ar rrh. Th o r l rfr br 626h h r for vrl hor Chrhrh o 2 A rr 18o of lr ro U Ar rol bk o fr vrl k of lrr Tko. Th rfr b k hl ovr ro ohrrfr. W ll b h U ro o h f of N Zl l h rohb horfr o o Chrhrh ror r h hr ofr or ol? Thlo r f obl or o h ho of rh b. Cor h follo

h U ovr ol o lr o vl vrl lobl orh h rvl hroho h lr r Th ol o llo h for h rh. Thrfor hr fr v o N Zl or ll r lrofr zo l. B h bo h fr ohr U l rrf

ho v o or ror r lo l v r r o? Wll h U h lr o lro ol for ho l? f h h ol rr r rk h U lr oll h rvl hr of for rflro h orl Or ll h U ll l flh o oo ror? Th ol b or or h lro of D Frz h oll vl r rrhror

U lobl lr r f vr ll N Zl. o rr h h of b rh v o or or h l ro hr of h ro of hAZU AACE hlvl rfr o obl r robl fro h lk ofhlz R . A lro-fr Zl b fr o ol of

lr o lror rh b lo fo h o U ol of hrofr r o o l o b ovr l h brok hr of h ol


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PAC RSRCHRIS A SUPPL NT TO

TH NW ZALAND

NLAR FR ZON

co/r.. NWLTTR

P.O Box18-54Christchurch

peace researcher vol1 issue05 1984

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