Pembentukan Pola Pembentukan Pola Kepemimpinan untuk Kepemimpinan untuk Pesantren BaiturrahmanPesantren Baiturrahman

Dudy EffendiDudy Effendi

Juni 2009Juni 2009

Bagaimana Membentuk Bagaimana Membentuk PemimpinPemimpin

Kepemimpinan TIDAK dapat diajarkan tapi dapat DIPELAJARI (Leadership cannot be taught but it can be learned)

Tidak ada substitusi untuk belajar dari pengalaman (Learning by Doing) dipengaruhi oleh : Jumlah Tantangan, Variasi Penugasan dan Jkualitas Umpan Balik.

Teori Kepemimpinan membantu Pemimpin dalam proses pengembangan Pemimpin, membuka borison baru dan membuka tantangan.

4 Cara Memahami 4 Cara Memahami KepemimpinanKepemimpinan

Orang: SIAPA yang membuat seseroang menjadi PEMIMPIN

Hasil: APA yang dicapai sehingga membuatnya menjadi pemimpin.

Proses: BAGAIMANA ‘leaders’ menyelesaikan masalah

Posisi: DIMANA ‘leaders’ bekerja yang menjadikannya Pemimpin.

APA kah Leadership ?APA kah Leadership ?

“Proses MEMPENGARUHI Aktivitas satu kelompok terorganisasi dalam upaya menetapkan dan mencapai TUJUAN.

• Proses Menggerakkan orang sesuai arah yang direncanakan dengan cara memotivasi sehingga mau mengikuti dengan cara sukarela.

3 Komponen :- proses interpersonal antara seseorang dan kelompoknya. - Tidak ada ‘leaders’ tanpa ‘followers’- Kriteria Kepemimpinan efektif = Pencapaian TUJUAN

• So, who is a leader? – Audience Reponse

Tugas Leader

• creates a vision of the future that takes into account the legitimate long-term interests of the parties involved;

• develops a rational strategy for moving toward that vision;

• enlists the support of the key power centers whose cooperation, compliance, or teamwork is necessary to produce that movement; and

• highly motivates that core group of people whose actions are central to implementing the strategy-demonstrates commitment and high level of sacrifice.

Perbedaan antara Pemimpin & BossPerbedaan antara Pemimpin & Boss

- Leader : Mengembangkan visi dan mengendalikan PERUBAHAN

Manager : Monitor progress & solve problems (Zalenik, 1977)

- Managers : Mengerjakan sesuatu dengan Benar

Leader : Mengerjakan Sesuatu yang BENAR ( do things right >< do

the right thing (Bennis and Nanus, 1985)• The boss drives his people; the leader coaches them. • The boss depends upon authority; the leader depends on good will. • The boss inspires fear; the leader inspires enthusiasm. • The boss says “I”; the leader says “we.”• The boss fixes blame for the breakdown; the leader fixes the

breakdown. • The boss says “Go”; the leader says “Let’s go!”

Apa menurut Pendapat anda Apa menurut Pendapat anda merupakan kualitas seorang merupakan kualitas seorang PEMIMPIN yang EFEKTIFPEMIMPIN yang EFEKTIF

________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________

‘‘New’ Leadership TheoriesNew’ Leadership Theories

Leaders = ‘Managers of Meaning’

Transactional Leadership Transformational Leadership Level 5 Leadership

Transformational LeadersTransformational Leaders…… Do not accept the status quo Create a graphic and compelling vision of the future Act as role models Are often referred to as “tough” Energise and inspire others Are said to be “charismatic” (Greek = gift) Are very instrumental in times of turbulence / crises Provide sense of individual consideration Provide stimulation (intellectual and emotional) May be able to train people in transformational characteristics

(James MacGregor Burns, 1978)

Level 5 Leadership HierarchyLevel 5 Leadership Hierarchy Level 5: Executive builds enduring greatness through a

paradoxical blend of personal humility and professional will

Level 4: Effective Leader catalyses commitment to vigorous pursuit of a clear and compelling vision, stimulating higher performance standards

Level 3: Competent Manager organises people and resources toward the effective and efficient pursuit of predetermined objectives

Level 2: Contributing Team Member contributes individual capabilities to the achievement of group objectives and works effectively with others in a group setting

Level 1: Highly Capable Individual makes productive contributions through talent, knowledge, skills and good work habits

(Jim Collins, 2001, Good to Great)

Principles of Islamic Leadership

There are three basic principles that govern Islamic leadership:

• A. Shura (Mutual Consultation)

Shura is the first principle of Islamic leadership. The Qur’an has made it clear that Muslim leaders are obligated to consult those who have knowledge or those who can provide sound advice:

“And those who answer the call of their Lord and establish

prayer, and who conduct their affairs by consultation and spend out of what we bestow on them for sustenance”

(42:38).

Principles…(Cont.)

• B. Justice

The leader should deal with people justly and fairly regardless of their race, color, national origin, or religion. The Qur’an commands Muslims to be fair even when dealing with those opposed to them.

“Allah does command you to render back your trusts to those to whom they are due, and when you judge between man and man,

that you judge with justice”

Q 4:58

Principles…(Cont.)

C. Freedom of Thought

• The Islamic leader should provide for and even invite constructive criticism. Members of the group should be able to freely voice their views or objections and have their questions answered. Al khulafa’ al rashidun considered this to be an essential element of their leadership.

• When an old woman interrupted ‘Umar Ibn al Khattab (RA) to correct him during his address in the mosque, he readily acknowledged his error and thanked Allah (SWT) that there were those who would correct him if he were wrong.

Principles…(Cont.)

• ‘Umar (RA) once asked an audience what they would do if he violated an Islamic principle. When a man responded that they would correct him with their swords, ‘Umar (RA) thanked Allah (SWT) that there were people in the ummah who would correct him if he went astray.

• The leader should strive to create an atmosphere of free thinking, healthy exchange of ideas, criticism, and mutual advices so that the followers feel very comfortable in discussing matters of interest to the group.

Qualities of a Good Leader

These factors are common in the published findings of research projects conducted on successful leaders, business organizers, and entrepreneurs. (Although stated below in masculine terminology, essentially the same factors are applicable to women.)

1. Mental Ability: Not necessarily a super-intelligent prodigy.

Qualities of a Good Leader (Cont.)

2. Broad Interest and Abilities: He is not a narrow specialist. He possesses a wide general understanding, and has many and varied abilities. He is sensitive to and broadly interested in the work with which he is most directly connected, plus many other important activities and aspects of his environment.

3. Communication Skills: One of the titles of the Prophet of Islam is “The most eloquent speaker of Arabic.” According to the Cambridge History of American Literature: “Not his policies, nor his action had won for Lincoln his commanding position in his party in 1860, but his way of saying things. In every revolution, the men who can phrase it can lead it.”

Qualities of a Good Leader (Cont.)

4. Maturity: A successful leader is free from leftover childishness; his attitude and behavior patterns are those of a responsible, mature adult. He is psychologically secure within himself and represents psychological security to his followers.

5. Motivational Strength: Drive, energy, initiative, courage, ability to “self-start,” and consistency have long been recognized as clear marks of a strong leader. The successful leader likes the work of planning, organizing, and directing the efforts of others. He has a strong desire to accomplish.

Qualities of a Good Leader (Cont.)

6. Social Skill: Leadership fundamentally means accomplishing through others, which makes it entirely obvious that the successful leader must rely heavily on socially skills. He must be sensitive to human feelings and attitudes, whether spoken or not, and he must be empathetic in order to be effective in influencing others.

7. Administrative Ability:Envisioning, originating, planning, organizing, directing, completing, evaluating people, selecting, teaching, inspiring, reviewing, analyzing, observing, improving, applying insight, summarizing, deciding, on which the leader particularly relies.

Highlight of Qualities

• Morally sound

• Imaginative

• Management-minded

• Fair to all concerned

• Varied in interests

Highlight of Qualities (Cont.)

• Instruction minded

• Emotionally mature

• Planning minded

• Respectful toward self and others

• Studious

Highlight of Qualities (Cont.)

• Decisive

• Organized

• Dependable

• Enthusiastic

• Energetic

• Coaching minded

• Expressive (speech and writing)

Highlight of Qualities (Cont.)

• Logical• Mentally keen, alert• Responsible• Improvement minded (practicing ihsan)• Resourceful• Initiating, hard working• Loyal to all concerned• Humane

The ABC of Superlative Leadership

Learn your alphabet of leadership and take your team to new heights.

– A is for Appreciative Cultures, the end result of a leader's work, when the culture he or she fosters becomes an appreciative value of the company.

– B is for rock-solid Belief that your team can move mountains.

– C is for Culture, which is the way people behave when you're not looking.

The ABC of Superlative Leadership(Cont.)

– D is for the Drive for Power that makes you want to lead.

– E is for Encouragement, like sun after the rain.

– F is for Fun, an indication that the right work is happening.

The ABC of Superlative Leadership(Cont.)

– G is for Growing your people (Audience). Like Sir Colin Marshall, head of British Airways, who personally attended every one of his customer care programmes, "Putting People First".

– H is for Helicopter vision, because you need to see in three time zones: the near, the middle and the far.

– I is for leader Identity, the ability to be comfortable in your own shoes.

The ABC of Superlative Leadership(Cont.)

• J is for Joy because leaders rejoice in their own blessings as well as the successes of their team.

• K is for Knowing your people, not just by name and number, but by strength and weakness, character and spirit, skills and potential, what makes them sigh and what makes them soar.

• L is for Learning, because learning is change and learning is growth.

The ABC of Superlative Leadership(Cont.)

• M is for Mission which leaders live as well as write.

• N is for the Nobel complex, the belief that everything your people do is worthy of a Nobel prize.

• O is for Opportunity. Like Edmund McIlhenny who returned from the American Civil War to find his sugar plantation and salt works in ruins except for a few hot Mexican peppers that had sown themselves. He used them to produce a sauce that is now known as Tabasco and sold around the world.

The ABC of Superlative Leadership (Cont.)

• P is for Plain-talking because leaders need to be understood.

• Q is for Questions, such as "What do you need me to do?" and "How can I help you work better?" and "What should I be doing?"

• R is for Respect, the touchstone of every relationship a leader has.

• S is for Symbols, the language of leadership.

The ABC of Superlative Leadership(Cont.)

• T is for the Traits of courage and determination, patience and perseverance.

• U is for Unleashing what's there. Like 3M, who allow their scientists to spend 15% of their time working on projects that interest them.

• V is for Values, the guiding principles of the team, or "the Walkmans of the mind".

• W is for the Way, the Chinese "tao", the route that leaders take and others follow.

The ABC of Superlative Leadership(Cont.)

• X is for Xtraordinary :because leaders get ordinary people to do extraordinary things.

• Y is for Yes, because there is always a plus to be found even in the worst situation and the toughest setback.

• Z is for Zero tolerance of failure, sub-performance and giving up.

Conclusion

• Learn these simple principles, and there are no limits to where you can lead your team.

• But always put in your best ‘cos only the best is good for you.