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PengantarTIF-151551
REKAYASA DAN MANAJEMEN KEBUTUHAN
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Role of requirements
� Software is currently the dominant force of change of new
products
� Arbitrary complexity � a complex system needs a software to
integrate
� “Off-the-shelf” components � constructing a software based on
available components
� ‘Time to market’ vs ‘Time to market with the right product’
� Requirements � the right product (‘what’)
� RE is a vital part in system engineering process
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Role of requirements (contn’d)
� Requirements form the basis for :
� Project planning
� Risk management
� Acceptance testing
� Trade off
� Change control
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Project failure & success factors
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Failure factors Success factors
Source:Standish Group 1995 & 1996
Scientific American, Sept. 1994
* Related factor to requirements
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Systems engineering
� System: a collection of components – machine, software and human – which co-operate in an organized way to achieve some desired result – the requirements
� Example: req. of the journey time limit between 2 stations of a train in a railway system, includes some components
� The trains, and their speed
� The tracks, and their ability to support high-speed trains
� The stations & staff, and the waiting time they impose on the trains
� The drivers, and their ability to control the trains
� The signaling subsystems � software
� The train control and detection subsystems � software
� The power delivery subsystems
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Systems engineering (contn’d)
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What is requirement
� I hope to have a car � The capability is absent, but someday
it might be possible.
� I wish to have a car � The capability is distincly possible, but
not feasible yet.
� I desire to have a car � The capability exists, but there are
other competing demands.
� I need a car � The capability exists and it is feasible. Having a
car surpassied other competing demands.
� I require a car � Possessing a car can no longer be
postponed. It is essential now.
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What is requirement (contn’d)
� IEEE-STD-1220-1998:
a statement that identifies a product or process operational, functional, or design characteristic or constraint, which is unambiguous, testable or measurable, and necessary for product or process acceptability (byconsumers or internal quality assurance guidelines).
� CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration) version 1.3:
i. a condition or capability needed by a user to solve a problem or achieve an objective,
ii. a condition or capability that must be met/possessed by a product, service, product component or service component to satisfy a supplier agreement, standard, specification or other formally imposed documents,
iii. a documented representation of a condition or a capability as in (i) or (ii) above.
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What are RE and RM
� Requirements Engineering
The subset of systems engineering concerned with discovering,
developing, tracing, analyzing, qualifying, communicating and
managing requirements that define the system at successive levels of
abstraction – Hull et. al, 2011
� Requirements Management
The management of all requirements received by or generated by
the project or work group, including both technical and non-
technical requirements levied on the project or work group by the
organization – CMMI version 1.3
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