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Penn State Ice Hockey Arena Thesis Proposal

Team iBUILD

Joe Buyer

Steven Conroe

Logan Gray

Adrienne Veit


IPD/BIM Thesis 1/13/2012

of 55 Joe Buyer Steve Conroe Logan Gray Simi Veit

Table of Contents

Executive Summary ............................................................................................................... 4

Design Intent for Main Arena................................................................................................. 6

Structural Solution Methods .................................................................................................. 7

Lighting/Electrical Solution Methods ................................................................................... 10

Mechanical Solution Methods ............................................................................................. 12

Construction Solution Methods ........................................................................................... 14

Structural Tasks and Tools ................................................................................................... 16


Mechanical Tasks and Tools ................................................................................................. 18

Construction Tasks and Tools ............................................................................................... 18

Measuring Success for the Main Arena ................................................................................ 20

Design Intent for the Community Rink ................................................................................. 21

Structural Solution Methods ................................................................................................ 22








Measuring Success for the Community Rink ......................................................................... 34

Design Intent for the East Facade ......................................................................................... 35

Structural Solution Methods ................................................................................................ 37








Lighting/Electrical Tasks and tools ....................................................................................... 44



Measuring Success for the East Facade ................................................................................ 47

APPENDIX A: Spring Schedule .............................................................................................. 48

APPENDIX B: BIM Goals ....................................................................................................... 49

APPENDIX C: Model Structure .............................................................................................. 50

APPENDIX D: Organizational Roles / Staffing ........................................................................ 51

APPENDIX E: Quality Control................................................................................................ 52

APPENDIX F: Index of Figures ............................................................................................... 53

APPENDIX G: Additional Thesis Requirements...................................................................... 54

References .......................................................................................................................... 55




Executive Summary

The Penn State Ice Hockey Arena is a 224,000 square foot, 90 feet tall, and three-level building

that is being designed so that Penn State can have their first men’s and women’s NCAA Division 1

hockey teams. The planned arena is currently in the development phase of design, with hopes of

opening in the fall of 2013. The arena is currently being designed to hold a maximum capacity of around

6000 spectators in the main arena and 300 spectators in the community rink. The main arena will be

used primarily for NCAA hockey events and the community rink will act as the workhorse of the arena.

The main ice sheet must meet all NCAA standards in order for Penn State to host any NCAA Division 1

events at the arena, which will be its primary purpose. The community rink, on the other hand, will be

used for a range of services from hockey tournaments to recreational skating and will be supported by a

small staff of employees. The facility will be located on a 10.2 acre lot on the corner of Curtin Road and

University Drive near the Bryce Jordan Center on Penn State’s University Park campus. The surrounding

buildings are mainly sports complexes and do not have a definitive architectural style. As architectural

engineering students at Penn State University, team iBUILD plans to deliver the most efficient

engineering solutions for the project, while producing an iconic and nationally recognized facility for the

university.

There are three main floors that all serve separate purposes for the arena. The lowest level, the

event level, hosts the two ice sheets, all permanent employee offices, a cardio and weight training

facility, the ice support plant, and many other spaces that will maintain the arena by running its day-to-

day services. The second level, the main concourse level, is typical of most ice hockey arenas. Meaning,

it is comprised of a large radial circulation space that surrounds the seats, the press/broadcasting booth,

storage, concessions, and restrooms. The patron oriented spaces are designed and laid out to make the

experience as enjoyable as possible for the spectators. The top level, the club level, consists of suites,

the main kitchen, a private dining space, and the typical concourse and restroom spaces. The interior

floor plans have been well thought-out and will be kept as consistent as possible with the design to date.

In order to produce a memorable and feasible space for all persons who will frequent or visit the

ice arena team iBUILD will be using building information modeling (BIM) technology and an integrated

project delivery (IPD) method to convey design solutions. Working in a collaborative environment in

combination with parametric based three-dimensional design software we aim to facilitate a fluid design

process which should lead to streamlined construction. Producing photorealistic graphics and using

engineering based assessments will help team iBUILD show how the combination of BIM and IPD can

benefit the industry, but more principally Penn State for this particular project.

As a collaborative group of engineering students, all hosting a different area of expertise, team

iBUILD aims to evaluate and devise the most effective design solution for three main features of the

Penn State Ice Hockey Arena. These three spaces are:

1. The main arena

2. The eastern façade

3. The community rink




As a team there we came to the conclusion to focus our efforts in a timeline based manner,

giving more time and the beginning portion of our design efforts to the most critical spaces. Most time

will be spent designing and coordinating in the main arena, followed by the eastern façade, and finally

the community rink; it should be noted that team iBUILD will also design the spaces in that order, as

reflected on our schedule. It was a collective decision to focus our efforts in the fashion previously

stated because we believe that the main arena is the focal space for the owner and spending a longer

amount of time on it will serve as a learning tool for the spaces that follow.




Design Intent for Main Arena

In order for iBUILD to design a state-of-the-art hockey arena we intend to investigate and meet

all NCAA Division 1 requirements, while meeting the program requirements outlined by the owner.

Given freedom to use the iBUILD architectural and engineering values, the main arena will be designed

to save energy, produce a truly innovative and integrated backbone for the space; all while giving the

space a unique aesthetically pleasing look that will bring spectators back time and again.

The integrated system that will support the main arena is exactly what its name implies. The

structure, mechanical ducts, electrical feeders, and sprinkler mains are all hosted in the same frame that

will resolve the structural, mechanical, and electrical loads of the main arena. All disciplines are affected

by the design of this iconic structural system. The structure will hide the other systems and will give the

space a unique aesthetic and support an extraordinary experience to any and all inhabitants. An image

of the truss design can be seen in Figure 1 below.

To give the space a very clean and crisp look,

the mechanical systems in the space will be

completely concealed from the occupants’ eye.

As mentioned above, the mechanical ductwork

used to condition the space will be hidden in

the structural frame that supports the roof

loads and there will be a supplementary

radiant floor heating system incorporated into

the risers. The arena will also keep its clean

look by moving the large scoreboard that was

intended to hang directly over the center of

the ice. This is being done to limit any lighting

and sight-line related problems, and to keep

the focus more on the ice rather than on the

scoreboards.

All disciplines involved in the project are affected by the design that has previously been

described. The hollow skate blade shaped structural system encompasses the MEP systems; which is a

large coordination effort for all parties involved. There will need to be constant interference/clash

detections and design reviews performed in order to keep a fluid design process. The clash detection

and design reviews will be carried out using BIM software’s in a collaborative environment provided by

the university. This will be accomplished with the use of design authoring software which will be

imported into Revit (if possible), the program that will host all designs, and then exported into

Navisworks in order to run interference checks. These design reviews and coordination meetings will

eliminate time spent in the field coordinating saving time and improving field productivity during the

construction phase of the project.

Figure 1. A detail of the proposed integrated system used in the main arena




Structural Solution Methods As outlined in the design intent, the truss will be a very integral and integrated feature in the main

arena. It will house mechanical ductwork, electrical conduit, and plumbing mains; all while acting as the main

structural support for the roof system. This in itself shows how big of a factor collaboration will be

throughout the design process for team iBUILD. Using integration concurrently with emerging BIM

technologies there will be constant checks being done to ensure that no interferences are occurring between

all team models. The structural engineering student will be modeling in SAP 2000 and, if the link is available,

will import the SAP model into the team Revit model as design decisions and changes are made. As a

personal goal the structural engineering student aims to use as much BIM technology that is currently

available in fulfilling the tasks laid out in this proposal.

The structural contribution to the design of the main arena will focus on the design of the main truss

and the frame that will take the resultant thrusts from the pin ended arched truss. The first design option for

structural portion of the truss will feature two steel wide flange shapes acting as the top chords, a wooden

glued-laminated member acting as the web member and shear transfer mechanism, and a steel bottom

chord that will close the V-shaped truss; all can be seen in Figure 2 below. The second option, which will

have the same overall shape, will be designed using structural steel that is to be encased in a wood paneling

system. Two options will be carried out allowing team iBUILD to compare constructability, maintenance, and

cost for the two systems. This system spans 196 feet in the north and south directions over the main ice

sheet. The truss will have a curved shape with a preliminary rise of 14ft to the peak, but this dimension will

be developed further with the input from the other three disciplines and the use of design iterations to

achieve a more economical structural solution. There has been a preliminary study done to determine what

the member sizes would need to be to support the governing loads on the roof, as shown beside Figure 2

below (considering the truss a simply supported curved beam with a 14ft rise).

Figure 2. The Picture above illustrates preliminary sizes using the geometries described in the above paragraph that explains the truss. The truss is assumed to be acting as a simply supported beam; with no thrust resisting elements at the support.

To decrease member sizes in the curved truss over the main arena, thrust resisting elements will

need to be incorporated into the existing gravity load and lateral load resisting frames of the main arena.

This will require the gravity and lateral frames at these framing lines to be designed to resist this added

thrusting/lateral force. The existing structural sizes, given by the structural engineer of record for the

Steel Section Properties: W12x230 - A992 Gr.60 Top Chords (Ax = 67.7in2) Skate Blade (Ax=67.7in2) Wood Section Properties: Using 16F-V2 Glue-Laminated Timber (Ashear = 650in2; b=17in; d=6ft) Overall Section Properties: Ix = 350000in4; A = 205in2




project, found in the frames are of the typical sizes: W24 girders, W24 columns on interior, and W18 columns

on exterior. Without inducing a thrust into the arched truss the member sizes become extremely

uneconomical and can only be downsized if the frames are used to resist the thrust from the arch. Below are

two images, Figures 3 and 4 that represent what the system as a whole looks like and some geometry used in

the preliminary structural system design.

Figure 3. The red frame lines shown above are those that will be used to resist thrust from the roof truss and external lateral

loads applied to the building. The blue dots are the locations where the truss will be supported by the frames.

Figure 4. The sizes shown are the structural members that will be resisting the thrust from the curved roof truss. They are

going to the basis for which the design will be compared once changes and structural solutions are developed. Note: The

layout and sizes come from a preliminary working model that the structural engineering student has developed.

Working Model Custom Truss Section: Ix = 200000in

4; A = 125in

2

196ft Span

196ft Span

14ft Rise

Lateral Load Resisting Frames

Truss Support Locations

~35ft Typ. Spacing




In designing the roof structure and frames that will take the thrust from the trusses, it becomes

apparent that the diaphragm will have to be studied. There will need to be a comprehensive study to

ensure that the diaphragm load can be adequately transferred to the trusses and taken out through the

lateral frames. All structural design standards will be held for the diaphragm including deflection checks

and connection considerations. In the event that Figure 5 below shows the arched trusses, the infill

beams, and the diaphragm in pink; where the rest of the structure for the arena is shown in green.

Using glued-laminated timber as the

shear transfer in the arch allows for team iBUILD

to explore the option of using locally harvested

hardwoods as an architectural and structural

feature in the main arena. Working closely with

the CM, the structural discipline will use design

values based on the hardwood tree types being

used in the fabrication process of the glued-

laminated members. Having the CM in design

reviews throughout the process of the design will

allow for constant cost comparisons to be carried

out, and should result in the most cost effective system for the glulam members as well as the rest of

the structural members in the arch and supporting frames. Using the CM’s input all erection,

scheduling, and fabrication considerations will be taken into account while the design process is

advancing. This includes specifying enough splice locations to facilitate the most efficient schedule,

erection process, and limiting the crane size for the CM. The structural discipline will also support the

CM’s plan to perform a crane analysis for the trusses used in the main arena. There will be some

calculations carried out to verify and size of the crane needed to perform the erection process of the

integrated truss.

This system will also require constant interaction with the ME throughout the process of the

design. An example of this is: the higher the peak of the roof becomes the larger the volume of space

within the main arena, which directly affects the demand load for the ME’s mechanical systems. The

size of ducts, which are to be housed within the truss frame, will also be a major factor for sizing the

truss because enough space must be left within the truss to allow for the mechanical system to fit.

There has also been a concern as to how to access mechanical equipment if a problem arises and service

needs to be done on the equipment within. Team iBUILD will design the truss to have hidden access

panels at strategic places in the span of the truss to allow for the equipment to be serviced if a problem

does occur. With the use of ongoing design review meetings and clash detection sessions between all

parties, an optimum solution will be formulated for the structural discipline, but more specifically, for

the University who will benefit most as owner.

Figure 5. Displays the diaphragm, the arched trusses, and infill beams in pink




Lighting/Electrical Solution Methods

In order to make the main arena an iconic integrated space and meet NCAA Division One

requirements, there are multiple lighting and electrical systems that need to be taken into account. The

first system is the event lighting. To meet NCAA Division One national broadcasting requirements, there

needs to be precise light levels and uniformity both horizontally and vertically. The horizontal plane 3’

A.F.F. is required to have 125 fc with a uniformity ratio of 1.5:1 max to min. The vertical plane for the

center main camera needs to be 75 fc with a uniformity ratio of 1.5:1 max to min, while the end camera

vertical uniformity will be 2.5:1 max to min. This will be measured using AGi32, 3D Studio Max or Revit’s

Elumtools. The design must also avoid causing direct and reflected glare and shadows for the players as

well as the audience members. The 1000W metal halide fixtures are to be mounted on lighting stages

that are strategically place in the arena in order to get full coverage horizontally and vertically. In order

to achieve the “black out scenario” there are shutters on the fixtures that close in less than 3 seconds

with little to no light leak.

The next systems to consider are the temporary lighting, theatrical effects, portable spotlights

still camera strobes, and scoreboard power loads. Since the arena may hold events such as concerts or

ice shows the electrical system needs to have the capability to power supplemental equipment that may

be brought in by outside tour companies. During the blackout there will be theatrical effect lighting that

is controlled from the control booth, mounted on the lighting stage system, along with a series of high

power camera strobes for still camera photography. There will be designated locations in the corners of

the arena for the portable manned spotlights. There will be an allowance made in the power distribution

system for all of these elements as well as typical scoreboard power loads.

Throughout the arena there will be house, emergency, and aisle lighting. The house lighting will

be provided by instant on floodlights aimed at the stands from the platforms. This house lighting as a

source of general illumination (approximately 10 to 20 fc) will be used for spectator arrival, departure,

maintenance, and cleanup. The student section will be brighter (2:1 ratio) than the rest of the stands to

put focus on “Section E” as requested in the feasibility statement. Some of the instant-on floodlights

mounted on the lighting trusses will also be connected to the emergency distribution panel to provide

the emergency lighting of at least 8 fc.

The total design will be less than or equal to ASHRAE 90.1 2010 power density requirements for

the ice and the stands, 3.01 w/sq. ft. and .43 w/sq. ft. respectively. Branch circuits, will be designed to

reflect the lighting design, and the power distribution system will be modeled in Revit to meet NEC 2011

requirements. The information from the electrical system design of the main arena will be later used in

coordination with the mechanical discipline for designing the size of the overall electrical system.

Most coordination for the lighting and electrical design of the main arena will occur with the structural

discipline. The location of the light stages and the total distributed weight of the light fixtures will be the

main items that require specific communication. The integrated truss will enclose most of the feeders

that will supply power to the different lighting systems; this will require some coordination as well. The




feeders take up a small compartment of the truss yet still need to be coordinated using BIM with the

structural and mechanical discipline to avoid clashing. See figure 1 for a visual of the integrated truss.




Mechanical Solution Methods

The mechanical systems for the main arena will focus on iBUILD’s team goals with a heavy

emphasis on collaboration and the universities desires for an NCAA Division 1 ice hockey facility. Within

the main arena there are a number of areas that will be focused on in order to meet the above

objective. These areas are listed and described in the following paragraphs.

The proposed structural members for the main arena are a clean, integrated solution that

corresponds with the design goals and vision of the Penn State Ice Arena. It incorporates the mechanical

ductwork and sprinkler system inside, hiding the elements from the spectators. Careful design of the

ducts will ensure that they fit inside the structure and work efficiently. Care will also have to be taken in

the diffuser selection. The diffusers will be located within the web member of the structure. Preliminary

calculations indicate that higher velocities will have to be used to reduce the duct sizing within the

structural members. High speed diffusing nozzles will be investigated to ensure low NC for the main

arena allowing for minimal noise during peak loading and alternate ice use which might require minimal

background noise.

The integrated roof structure is also an arch and

creates a large volume to ventilate and condition which

would require larger mechanical equipment and ducts.

iBUILD’s solution to this problem comes in the form of

another integrated product. Radiant floor heating will be

used in combination with raised aluminum risers

manufactured by Structal. The system will replace the

more traditional precast concrete and incorporate both

the structural and construction management options in

its design. Radiant floor heating will allow for localized

comfort while allowing the air over the ice to remain at a

temperature suitable for maintaining championship ice. The risers will be filled with a substance to be

determined after investigation for better structure and thermodynamic properties. An engineering

solution will have to be designed for the hot water distribution system and a product selected to fill the

raised aluminum risers while still efficiently transferring heat.

A comparison will be done to an all air system to analyze the pros and cons of radiant floor

heating. A cost analysis will also be completed comparing up front cost as well as payback periods for

both systems. Structural will analyze the impact on supporting members and what savings can be found

while construction management will also analyze the impact on schedule and any additional savings

which can be found in erection.

The equipment selection will also be heavily scrutinized. There are two different systems which

will be investigated. The first is two air-handling units with desiccant wheels built into them for the

dehumidification process, and the other is a separate desiccant wheel which will service all three air-

handling units for both rinks. A cost evaluation will be done to compare the two systems. An

Figure 6. Raised Aluminum Risers by Structal




investigation will also take place into whether or not the two air-handling units can be cycled during

periods of low use while still meeting the ventilation requirements for the space so the equipment can

be staged.

iBUILD also plans to get in touch with an ice manufacturer to talk about different ways to set up

an ice plant. Two different companies will be contacted so that the ME can get a better idea of the best

way to set up the ice plant for the Penn State Ice Arena. We also plan to determine if the rejected heat

from the ice systems can be incorporated into either the radiant systems or the HVAC system.




Construction Solution Methods

The responsibility of the construction manager on this project will be to analyze and manage the

construction considerations throughout the design and construction of this facility. As part of an

integrated team, the construction manager on team iBUILD will have the ability to bring construction

expertise to the table, encouraging alternate thought processes throughout the design of the facility.

These alternate thought processes include the effect of design decisions on cost to the project, as well

as schedule and constructability. The construction manager will also help facilitate information

exchange throughout the design and construction process by remaining involved in all design decisions

and performing clash detection and solutions with the help of the each of the disciplines.

As described in the design intent, the primary investigation of the main arena is the design and

construction of the integrated truss system that is used to support the roof above the primary ice sheet

for Division 1 hockey at Penn State. In order to make this design a reality, various construction

considerations and analyses must be performed. These analyses include: material selection,

procurement, and LEED opportunities related to the former; a detailed cost estimate of the integrated

truss and supporting frames; an in-depth crane analysis; 4D planning and sequencing of the truss

erection; and conclude with a study on value engineering based on design decisions with a final analysis

of the expected LEED Silver rating that is hoped to be achieved.

The initial analysis of the construction manager on team iBUILD will be to perform research into

different material options and sources for the members within the integrated truss system. The

construction manager will work closely with the design team for material selection, and then analyze the

proximity of materials in relation to the site, the details and requirements of the fabrication process

including subcontractor involvement, the capabilities of manufacturers, and the material delivery

process. This analysis will occur concurrently with an investigation of LEED, ensuring that sustainability

is a driving factor, specifically through the use of materials and resources. Throughout this process, the

construction manager will work closely with the rest of the integrated design team by communicating

the importance of material selection. The selection of these materials will have an influence on each of

the disciplines, such as structural capabilities, acoustical properties, resistance to decay, fabrication,

cost, and delivery, as well as having a positive impact on the environment.

The second analysis that will be performed is a detailed cost analysis of the integrated truss

system and supporting frame. This will be made possible through the use of Autodesk Quantity Take-

Off, RS Means Building Construction Cost Data, manufacturer’s quotes, and Microsoft Excel to organize

the information. The cost analysis will also include the procurement of the materials, fabrication, and

installation costs. In order to develop a cost analysis of the integrated truss and supporting frame, the

construction manager will be involved with extensive communication and collaboration with each of the

disciplines. The construction manager will require specific information from each of the members of

team iBUILD including mechanical, lighting, and electrical system layout and requirements, in addition to

member sizes and connection requirements from the structural discipline. With the understanding that

the integrated truss system will be a very custom building component, the construction manager will




contact industry professionals for their guidance and expertise to achieve the most accurate cost

estimate.

The next step in making the design intent of the main arena a reality to the end user will be to

develop an understanding on how this integrated truss system will be built. The construction manager

on team iBUILD will work closely with the integrated design team, specifically the structural engineering

student in a two part analysis. The first will be that of performing an in-depth crane analysis. This will

consist of collaboration with the structural discipline in determining the type of crane, crane load

requirements for erection, and connection details. To determine the optimum splice locations for the

trusses, the CM will work closely with the structural and mechanical disciplines, while focusing on

maintenance capabilities of the components within. The construction manager will develop a

preliminary schedule and sequence for the crane(s) that will be utilized for erection using construction

scheduling software, namely Oracle Primavera P6, and will perform iterations in order to maximize the

efficiency of this process. This analysis will be combined with the use of 4D modeling software, namely

Navisworks, which will serve as the second piece of the two part analysis. The use of Navisworks’ or

Synchro’s 4D modeling capability of the crane sequence will help team iBUILD understand the impact of

design decisions to the crane schedule and thus the impact on the overall building schedule. By adding

the 4th dimension of time to the modeling process, the construction manager will have the ability to

make iterations to the crane sequence in order to make the erection process more efficient, while

maintaining the safety of the workers on site.

The final analysis that the construction manager on team iBUILD will perform is identifying and

researching final value engineering opportunities for the main arena combined with a final analysis on

LEED. The LEED analysis will identify the final rating that may be achieved by the design of the building

as a whole. In terms of value engineering, opportunities will be identified for the main arena in order to

achieve the highest value to the owner for the lowest possible cost.




Structural Tasks and Tools

1) Design an Integrated, Composite Steel and Wood Truss

a) Obtain all load information for schematic structural layout

b) Acquire maximum duct size from ME to get minimum truss dimensions

c) Analyze schematic shape with obtained loads and design restraints from ME and CM

d) Crane sizing that may determine how many sections the truss must be erected in, with the help

of the CM

e) Peak height constraints that affect volume increase with input from the ME

f) Obtain member forces and deflections from SAP model

g) Design Top Chord Members, Bottom Chord Members, and Web Members based on SAP values

h) Model Structure in Revit

If Revit Link is available: export from SAP/ETABS into Revit Structure

i) Design review of arch

j) Clash Detection in Navisworks with ME and L/E with CM coordinating the effort

k) Work with ME and CM to perform a cost model of integrated truss

l) Repeat Steps c through h until other disciplines designs are done and optimal design achieved

2) Design of Lateral System to Resist Thrust from Curved Truss

a) Obtain design restraints, such as member depth restrictions and architectural considerations

b) Analyze 2D model of curved truss and frames with proper loads and geometries used

c) Design frames to keep member forces below allowable levels

d) Model frames in Revit Structure

Import structural model into Revit Structure, if link is available e) Design review of frame

Clash Detection in Navisworks with ME and L/E with CM coordinating the effort f) Repeat steps b through e as needed

3) Diaphragm Checks a) Ensure the diaphragm can adequately transfer lateral loads into the lateral force resisting

elements b) Consider deflection limits and connection requirements for the diaphragm

Note: Steps 1 and 2 will be done concurrently; they are just broken up to show different tasks that will

be carried out.





1) Design Main Event Lighting System

a) Analyze NCAA Division One National Broadcasting design criteria

i) Precise light levels and uniformity both horizontally and vertically

ii) The horizontal plane 3’ A.F.F. is required to have 125 fc with a uniformity ratio of 1.5:1 max

to min

iii) The vertical plane for the center main camera needs to be 75 fc with a uniformity ratio of

1.5:1 max to min, while the end camera vertical uniformity will be 2.5:1 max to min

b) Coordinate lighting stage locations with SE

c) Select possible fixtures, determine reflectances, determine LLFs, model in Revit and run

calculations in Elumtools.

d) Add to fixture schedule

2) Design aisle lighting, general illumination, student section, and emergency lighting

a) Analyze design criteria

i) Approximately 10 to 20 fc

ii) The student section will be brighter (2:1 ratio) than the rest of the stands to put focus on

“Section E” as requested in the feasibility statement

iii) Emergency lighting – Minimum of 8 fc for a medium circulation activity space with medium

reflectances

b) Select possible fixtures, determine LLFs

c) Add to Revit model and run calculations with Elumtools


3) Specify theatrical effects, portable spotlights, and still camera strobes location

a) Add to Revit model

b) Add to fixture schedule

4) Design branch circuits for main arena

a) Determine all electrical loads for main arena

b) Design panel boards and size branch circuits

i) Identify impact (if any) on overall service size

c) Model electrical conduits and panel boards in Revit and coordinate with ME and SE for clash

detection




Mechanical Tasks and Tools

1) Sizing of the ducts in main arena

a) Coordinate/determine the new height of the integrated truss to obtain volume of main arena

b) Use Trane Trace to calculate the amount of CFM needed in the main arena

c) Size the mains and branches using either pressure drop or velocity

d) Collaborate with structural that sufficient space exists in structure

e) Select a diffuser/nozzle that gives a reasonable NCT

f) Model in Revit MEP

2) Design of radiant floor heating in stadium risers

a) Select a suitable material to fill risers

i) Consider the thermodynamic properties of several different materials (lightweight concrete,

polyethylene insulation, etc.)

ii) Choose the best one at transferring heat

iii) Collaborate with Structural during selection process for structural input in design of risers

b) Design the piping system to be used in the risers

i) Select the type of piping to be used (pex, steel, PVC, etc.)

ii) Determine/Design piping layout for the risers

(1) Investigate different ways to connect the different risers to the main branch

(2) Engineer a solution if necessary

(3) Ensure that heat is evenly distributed over the entire riser using heat transfer

c) Compare an all-air system

i) Compare how use of radiant flooring effects energy costs using Trane Trace

ii) Compare how it effects equipment selection costs

iii) Determine payback period for the system

d) Collaborate with CM throughout to assist with value engineering

3) Select air handlers for the main arena

a) Determine the amount of heat that can be generated by the radiant floor

b) Determine remaining load that needs to be covered

c) Compare different AHU (units w/desiccant wheel vs. units without desiccant wheel)

d) Determine units location and configuration

i) Design layout which allows for either unit to feed both branches during off-peak times

ii) Ensure that only one AHU will be running at full load and cycle the load to the AHU that is

off, enhancing the life of the AHU’s and maximizing the efficiency of the units

e) Collaborate with Structural on the location of the AHU

f) Model in Revit MEP

4) Investigate options for the ice plant in the main arena

a) Contact two different ice professionals for help designing and selecting equipment




Construction Tasks and Tools

1) Material selection/procurement investigation

a) Analyze the source of materials

b) Investigate the proximity of materials in relation to the site

c) Research the details and requirements of the fabrication process

i) Investigation into manufacturers’ capabilities, subcontractor involvement and material

delivery

d) Perform a LEED analysis of the material selection and sources of these materials

2) Perform a detailed cost analysis of integrated truss system and supporting frame

a) Perform a quantity take-off of truss components

i) Quantities will be determined using Autodesk Quantity Take-Off and Revit

b) Use the quantities and obtain cost information

i) Cost information will be obtained from RS Means Building Construction Cost Data,

manufacturer’s quotes, and from dialogue with industry professionals

ii) Investigation into construction activities, and procurement of work performed, including

crew sizes involved and task durations for fabrication and erection of the integrated truss

c) Create detailed cost estimate of the integrated truss and supporting frame

i) Quantity and cost information will be combined, organized, and analyzed in Microsoft Excel

ii) Compare costs of prefabrication vs. field installation for integrated truss

3) Perform an in-depth crane analysis and 4D modeling

a) Collaborate with structural and mechanical disciplines to determine crane type and size based

on loading and splice locations

b) Develop preliminary schedule and sequence for the crane(s)

i) Developed using Oracle Primavera P6

c) Import the above schedule into 4D modeling software

i) 4D model will be created using Navisworks

d) Identify inefficiencies in the design and construction sequence and perform iterations with the

structural discipline to reach the optimal construction solution

4) Value engineering and final LEED analysis

a) Conduct research into final value engineering opportunities

b) Conduct a final LEED analysis

i) Go through LEED checklist and determine LEED rating as a result of design decisions




Measuring Success for the Main Arena The primary design intent for the main arena is producing an iconic space that will ultimately

produce added revenue for the facility. We plan on using the program at Michigan State as an economic

bench mark for the growth of Penn State’s program. This space will give students, faculty, and alumni of

Penn State something to be proud of and a reason to attend games all year round. The space will also

help the team recruit players who want to come play hockey at the university. This will give the team

the talent needed in combination with the epic space to boast a competitive division 1 caliber team in a

championship caliber arena.

Using building information modeling team iBUILD aims to offset costs by saving time in the

construction schedule through prefabrication of the integrated curved arch. Introducing this

prefabrication process will eliminate time in the field related to the installation of MEP equipment,

which otherwise would have taken a large amount of time and labor effort. Team iBUILD will perform a

cost comparison of prefabricating the integrated truss complete with MEP components vs. cost of field

installation.

Through the selection of the raised aluminum risers and radiant floor heating additional cost

savings can be found to offset the cost of the structure. Many of the cost savings in the selection of

raised aluminum can be found in the construction and schedule. When compared to precast concrete,

lead time, delivery time, and deliveries can be cut substantially. The risers also weigh considerably less

than precast concrete and are easier and faster to assemble. They will require general labor and a

smaller crane.

iBUILD believes that savings can also be found through the use of radiant floor heating. Because

the structure adds considerable volume, substantial energy can be saved by not having to condition this

entire space. With cooler temperatures over the ice this will also minimize the load on the ice. Instead of

having to keep the air temperature around 58 degrees, temperatures like 52 and lower can be used

creating a better condition for the ice. Radiant floor heating will allow for better localized comfort while

minimizing the effect on the ice. With greater local comfort iBUILD believes that more fans will be willing

to attend more events, which means greater revenue. In addition, the system can be turned on and off

minimizing the amount of energy being used during times when the main arena is not being filled with

spectators. iBuild anticipates, but will investigate, that the radiant floor heating will be easier to control

and respond faster than traditional all air systems. The ducts built into the structure will supply fresh air

to the arena while returns will be located down low to ensure proper circulation and no heat

stratification at high points in the arena.




Design Intent for the Community Rink

Knowing that the community rink will act as the workhorse for the arena team iBUILD wants to

make it an aesthetically pleasing and iconic space while complementing design principles used in the

main arena. Using a bowstring roof truss there is an opportunity to incorporate offsets into the roof line

to tastefully integrate daylighting strategies into the design of the space. There is also the opportunity

to keep the use of glue-laminated lumber and structural steel consistent between the two ice sheets.

There will be requirements that must be established and upheld in order to make the community rink a

very user friendly space, and they will be discussed in the solution methods sections that follow.

Knowing the roof would make a great location to place mechanical equipment, team iBUILD

must use a creative solution to fit all mechanical equipment that has been designed to sit on the flat

roof of the community arena elsewhere. The mechanical and structural disciplines must work very

closely to formulate a solution for this design to be efficiently carried out. The mechanical engineering

student must first figure out the total amount of space on the roof needed to house whatever

equipment will be placed there, then the structural engineering student can layout the structural

system; all while respecting the architectural ideals of team iBUILD and Penn State University. This will

be a true test proving whether or not the use of the integrated process in combination with building

information modeling helps facilitate a more streamlined design and construction process.




Structural Solution Methods

The structural contribution to the design of the community rink will focus on the design of an

arched truss and the design of flat roof framing to support mechanical equipment placed above. There

will be a considerable amount of coordination and collaboration between the structural discipline and

the mechanical and lighting/electrical discipline in order to come up with the most effective design and

layout for the space.

The arched truss spans in the East-West direction and is approximately 110 feet in length. The

truss will consist of a curved glued-laminated top chord and a tension cable bottom chord. The tension

cable will effectively take most of the moment out of the glulam top chord, thus allowing for a much

smaller section to be used reducing cost for the system. The truss will have a radius of curvature and

peak height; the preliminary peak height is 17 feet from the bottom of the king post (if a king post

system is chosen to be used). The most effective geometries, considering all disciplines, will be

determined with input from the construction management (CM) and lighting/electrical (L/E) students;

preliminary geometries are given in Figure 7 below. Once these values are determined a structural

model will be built and analyzed. Structural solutions will come in an iterative process and will lead to

the most economical solution for the desired truss type; all while staying within iBUILD’s integrated

intent. As the design advances a structural model will be built in Revit or exported from the structural

modeling software into Revit (if possible). This will allow for consistent interference checks to be made;

leading to a much more fluid design process.

Figure 7. The dimensions in the picture above will act as the basis for which a schematic design will be made.

The lighting/electrical designer’s input will be referred to frequently in order to incorporate

enough window and clerestory area in the space to meet desired daylighting contribution levels. There

will be a constant collaborative effort to produce the most naturally lit space while considering how

changing elevations will cause additional snow drifts and wind loading on the structure (as shown in the

Figure 8 below. It should be emphasized that the main intent for this space is to provide cost savings

using daylighting and that the L/E will need to determine the amount of glazing required before the

structural solutions can be fully developed. This requires a truly integrated design process and will be

completed by holding numerous weekly design reviews and having constant communication between SE

and L/E.

17ft

110ft Span




Figure 8. The image above illustrates team iBUILD’s proposed design intent for the community rink

Using such a unique structural system causes the structural discipline to consider

constructability to the tenth fold. The use of regional hardwood glulam members will most likely be

used in order to keep the architectural and sustainable strategies of the main arena consistent

throughout the rest of the arena. Using glulam made of hardwoods will require the use of design values

specifically tailored toward the wood types found and forested in the production of the glulam members

to be designed. The structural engineering student must work closely with the construction

management (CM) student when considering how the bowstring truss will be transported and how it

will be erected once on site. Some assistance will be required of the structural discipline in order for the

CM to complete his crane analysis of the community rink’s roof system. Calculations and all other input

asked for by the CM will be provided by the structural student.

Knowing that the roof over the community rink, if flat, would serve as an appropriate space to

host mechanical systems, team iBUILD will have to look for creative solutions as to where to put the

mechanical systems that could have been placed on this roof. If the screen wall would have been left on

grid line X3 as designed there would have been columns on the community ice sheet. Therefore, team

iBUILD is proposing to move the screen wall to column line X4 in order to take advantage of the columns

that reside on that column line. The existing plan for the community rink roof and mechanical

penthouse can be seen in Figure 9 below, and iBUILD’s proposed solution can be seen in Figure 10.

Figure 11 gives the reader an idea as to where the ice sheet lies within the structural grid and where

columns currently reside.

Due to the heavy weight of the mechanical systems that will be housed on the roof the

structural engineering student will have to work meticulously with the CM and mechanical engineering

(ME) student to design the supporting structure for the added weight of these systems. The use of BIM

technology will be heavily used in this part of the design. The ME can place all mechanical equipment on

Proposed window

locations facilitated

by offset of roof

structure




the roof in a host BIM model as needed, which will allow for the structural engineering student to easily

import these components and coordinate where they lie in the structural grid of the structural model.

Once the structural discipline has the supporting structure laid out, clash detection of the plenum space

can be carried out between the mechanical ductwork and the structural system.

Community

Rink with

Flat Roof

Existing

Screen Wall

Location

X3 X3 X4

14’-8”

Community

Rink with

Curved Roof

Existing

Mechanical

Equipment

Locations

Possible location for

relocated mechanical

equipment, and where

supporting structure

must be added

Relocated

Screen Wall

Location

Column

Locations

Figure 9. Existing Rooftop Mechanical Equipment and Screen Wall Locations

Figure 10. Team iBUILD Proposed Mechanical Equipment and Screen Wall Locations

110ft Span

Community Ice

Sheet

Figure 11. Shows the ice sheet, where the screen wall currently

resides on the roof(X3), and where support locations for the roof

structure can be easily located(X4)





The community rink is a great opportunity where iBUILD can take advantage of daylighting and

achieve some energy savings with daylight harvesting. By coordinating with the structural and

mechanical disciplines, we will determine the size and amount of the windows to maximize the

daylighting potential while still keeping the space manageable to condition. In order to avoid direct glare

on the ice, we will investigate the different glazing options to diffuse any direct daylight.

A daylight study using Daysim will be used on the space to determine the amount of usable

daylight and the cost savings by having dimmable electric lighting. The electric light zones will be

controlled by strategically placed photosensors.

Light fixtures will be uniformly laid out within the space and controlled by a dimmer –

photosensor system in order to prevent abrupt changes in illumination. In case the university decides to

use the community rink for an NCAA event, we will design the light levels and uniformity to meet NCAA

requirements for standard intercollegiate play of an ice hockey arena. These requirements consist of

meeting 100 horizontal foot candles 3’ A.F.F., and have max to min ratio of 2.5 to 1.

The total design will be less than or equal to ASHRAE 90.1 2010 power density requirements for

a class 3 ice hockey arena, which is 1.2 w/sq. ft. The branch circuits will be designed to reflect the

lighting design and the power distribution system will be modeled in Revit to meet NEC 2011

requirements. The electric room may need to be reconfigured to adjust to the movement of the

mechanical equipment, which will be coordinated with the mechanical engineer using Revit. While

designing the electrical room we will perform a protective device coordination study based on design

loads and educated assumptions for typical loads from the other spaces.





With the prominence being displayed in the structure of the main arena, iBUILD did not want to

ignore the community rink. The bow-string truss will be used in the community rink to give it its own

unique feel and wow factor. This is going to require a great deal of collaboration between the structural,

lighting/electrical, and mechanical disciplines.

The column line and the roof structure do not line up. If a column line were to be placed at the

roofs end in the community rink, the line would fall on the ice sheet. The current planned location for all

the air-handling units is on this column line between the roofs of the main arena and the community

rink. To allow for simpler construction and structural design, the units will be moved to a new location.

This will require a great deal of collaboration between the structural and mechanical components of

iBUILD. Some room will remain which will allow some of the units to remain in the current planned

location; however, many of the units will have to be moved to a new location.

An investigation will be done to find a new location for these air-handling units. The new

location should have minimal impact on the structure and be easily accessible. A study will also be done

to understand how the new location for these units will impact the architecture of the building. This will

incorporate all members and require a good deal of collaboration. iBUILD would like to see if the

location can be closer to many of the zones that the units handle reducing the amount of duct work and

losses due to distance.

Existing

Screen Wall

Location

Existing

Mechanical

Equipment

Locations

Possible location for

relocated mechanical

equipment, and where

supporting structure

must be added

Relocated

Screen Wall

Location

Community

Rink with

Flat Roof

Community

Rink with

Curved Roof

Figure 12. Existing Rooftop Mechanical Equipment and Screen Wall Locations

Figure 13. Team iBUILD Proposed Mechanical Equipment and Screen Wall Locations




Daylighting is being used in the community rink to lower some of the energy requirements on

the building and for LEED accreditation. Mechanical and lighting/electrical disciplines will work very

closely to select a glass type that will allow diffused daylight to enter the space while minimizing the

thermal loads on the ice plant and mechanical equipment. The daylight coming into the rink will also be

measured by photosensors, which will dim the lights when appropriate. iBuild does anticipate tangible

savings since the primary HVAC need will be for heating and not cooling the space.

A comparison will be done on the heating system in the community rink. Since radiant floor

heating will be used in the main arena, iBUILD will compare radiant floor heating to overhead radiant

heating panels (RHP). The mechanical and CM will work closely to select a system that will maximize

energy use while still having a reasonable return on investment and payback period. Some of the

questions that will be answered are: will the mechanical equipment need to be significantly bigger to

radiantly heat both rinks, how constructible are the two options, and what fuel type will be used

(electricity vs. gas vs. campus utilities).

iBUILD would also like to get in touch with an ice manufacturer to talk about different ways to

incorporate an ice plant and to determine possible areas to use waste heat from the ice. Two different

companies will be contacted so that the ME can get a better idea of the best way to set up the ice plant

for the Penn State Ice Arena.




Construction Solution Methods The construction manager’s contribution to the design of the community rink will be just as

crucial for the community rink as it is for the main arena. The construction manager will again facilitate

information exchange throughout the team and will work intensively with the fellow members of team

iBUILD in the design of the community rink. Many of the same construction solution methods from the

design of the main arena will also be applied to the community rink. The difference will be applying the

same tactics to different structural, lighting/electrical, and mechanical solutions for the space.

As described in the design intent, team iBUILD will perform two primary investigations for the

community rink. The first investigation will be a focus on the composite, wood and steel, bow-string

truss. The reason for the selection of the bow-string truss solution to support the roof above the

community rink was that it gave team iBUILD and the end user of the facility the ability to incorporate

and experience natural daylight in the space while in use. Team iBUILD is working to achieve this

solution by offsetting the trusses at different elevations to create clearstories in which light can filter

into the space. Team iBUILD has recognized the consequence of daylight on the ice and has already

begun to devise solutions to this design challenge. The use of a fiberglass sandwich panel that diffuses

direct light will be used and will eliminate the problem of glare and direct sun on the ice surface. The

second investigation of the community rink will be a focus on the relocation of the mechanical

equipment that was originally located on the roof above the community rink. The relocation of the

mechanical equipment must be a primary area of focus due to the reduction of space on the roof where

the mechanical units currently reside in the design documents. This reduction of space has occurred due

to the roof resting on column line X4 rather than X3 as mentioned previously. Reference Figures 9, 10,

and 11 for plan views of the design challenge.

To make the design changes of the community rink possible, various construction considerations

and analyses must be performed. These analyses include: material selection, procurement, and LEED

opportunities related to the former; a detailed cost estimate of the composite, wood and steel, bow-

string truss system; an in-depth crane analysis; 4D planning and sequencing of the truss erection; and

conclude with a mechanical system life-cycle cost analysis due to the relocation of the equipment from

the roof.

Firstly, the construction manager from team iBUILD must conduct research into material options

and sources for the members within the composite bow-string truss. It is likely that the same type of

wood used for the integrated truss system in the main arena will be used as the wood members for the

community rink as well. This has been an important design intent of team iBUILD from the beginning;

that of using wood and steel as structural materials in order to compliment the architecture in the main

arena. Similar to the first construction analysis to the main arena, the construction manager will again

conduct research into the most economical material selection for the bow-string truss. Then, analyze

the best source of these materials, the details and requirements of the fabrication process, the

capabilities of the manufacturers, and the material delivery process. The construction manager will need

to work closely with the structural discipline to analyze and design splice locations of the truss to




increase erection efficiency and decrease crane requirements. Just as well, the wood selection for the

bow-string truss will play a major role in the design of the truss because of its specific structural

properties.

Second, the construction manager will need to develop a detailed cost estimate in order for

team iBUILD to understand the cost impact of design decisions and make changes to the design in the

early stages if necessary. This, again, will be made possible through the use of Autodesk Quantity Take-

Off, RS Means Building Construction Cost Data, manufacturer’s quotes, dialogue with industry

professionals, and Microsoft Excel for the organization of data. Just as well, this study will need to be a

collaborative effort on the part of team iBUILD in order to obtain all necessary design information to

produce an accurate cost estimate.

The analyses that follow will include a combination of an in-depth crane analysis and 4D truss

erection sequence in order to develop an understanding of how the bow-string truss system will be

constructed. The purpose of this study is to recognize weaknesses and opportunities in the design and

serve as another form of design review for the use of team iBUILD, while attempting to develop the best

possible product to the owner for the lowest cost. These analyses will require a great deal of

coordination and collaboration with the structural discipline on team iBUILD in an attempt to determine

the size and type of crane required as well as connection and support conditions for the truss. This will

be made possible through the use of BIM technologies, including Autodesk Revit and Navisworks. These

programs will allow the design and construction team to visualize inefficiencies in the design and

opportunities for improvement in the construction process. Continual interaction with the structural

discipline will be used to identify and resolve constructability issues with regard to the composite truss

and its erection. Also, problems and risks associated with the erection process can be identified and can

be addressed before problem arises in the field.

The final analysis of the construction manager for the community rink will be to perform a

mechanical system life-cycle cost analysis due to the relocation of the mechanical equipment from the

roof above the community rink. This will require the mechanical discipline to have completed the study

of the relocation of the equipment in order to achieve the maximum efficiency of the system overall.

This has been determined to be an essential role for the construction manager in order to document the

cost savings as a result of this change. The construction manager and the mechanical discipline will need

to work together to understand and evaluate energy savings as well as long term cost savings.





1) Design a Truss to Support the Roof over the Community Rink

a) Work with ME to establish how much mechanical space is needed on roof and where it would

best be located

b) Work with L/E to establish how many clerestories will be used and desired dimensions

c) Design a structural geometry and layout based on steps a and b

Include in Revit Model

d) Hold a design review to make sure roof line modeled in step c reflects design intent

e) Obtain all loads needed for design

f) Analyze 2D model of bowstring truss in SAP/STAAD

Obtain member forces and deflections based on structural model

g) Design top chord and bottom tension member

h) Model design in Revit

Or Import from Structural Model if link is available

i) Hold design review to make sure design meets ideals of all members in team iBUILD

j) Perform Clash Detections between L/E, SE, and ME

Use Navisworks

k) Repeat steps b through j as needed to obtain adequate solution

2) Design of Roof Structure to Support Mechanical Equipment on Roof

a) Work with ME to determine exact mechanical equipment size, weight, and locations

Use ME’s BIM model and link into structural BIM model to determine locations

b) Obtain all additional loads needed for schematic design

Weights of mechanical equipment as specified by ME and CM

c) Create and Analyze 3D model in SAP or RAM

Input structure geometries and mechanical equipment locations from Revit Model into

structural design software, if link is available

d) Design Roof Structure and Supporting Structure

Export back to Revit, if Link is Available

e) Hold Design review

f) Perform Clash Detection between ME and SE

Use Navisworks





1) Daylight Analysis

a) Run 3D AutoCAD model in Daysim

i) Select glazing options with ME

b) Analyze Daylight Autonomy results

i) Work with SE and ME to adjust window size to maximize daylighting potential

c) Zone electric light and place photosensor

d) Analyze results and revise if necessary

2) Design Electrical Light for Community Rink Ice


i) 100 horizontal foot candles 3’ A.F.F., and max to min ratio of 2.5 to 1.

b) Model in 3D AutoCAD

c) Select possible fixtures, determine reflectances, determine LLFs, and run calculations in AGI

d) Add to fixture schedule and give specific information to CM for cost

e) Model in Revit

3) Design Branch Circuits for Community Rink

a) Determine all loads

b) Fill out panel boards and size branch circuits

c) Model in Revit and coordinate with ME and SE for clash detection

4) Coordinating Electrical Room

a) Design and size main distribution panel

i) Make typical assumptions about unknown loads by using and electrical consultant

b) Design and size double ended substation

c) Coordinate with ME for location of equipment

d) Conduct protection device coordination study

e) Model in Revit





1) Investigate heating system for the community arena

a) Determine the loads on the space suitable for maintaining championship ice

b) Compare overhead RHP with radiant floor heating

i) Select a fuel type for the RHP and size additional equipment for the radiant floor system

ii) Compare energy use of the two systems

iii) Select a system and continue with further design of the system

c) Collaborate with the CM to help with value engineering

d) Model in Revit MEP

2) Daylighting investigation

a) Collaborate and review daylighting results with L/E

b) Select a glass type, minimizing the effects on the space and ice loads as well as glare

c) Determine the effect glass selection has on loads

3) Move AHU’s from current location to new locations

a) Collaborate with structural to determine possible locations for AHU’s

i) Determine if AHU’s can be split into different locations

ii) Decide which units should be grouped

b) Decide on locations for AHU’s

c) Collaborate with iBUILD to review the new location of AHU’s

i) Consider architectural impact of locations

ii) Select new locations if necessary

d) Determine the impact new locations have on AHU’s

i) Accessibility for maintenance

ii) Possible savings in shorter duct runs

e) Model in Revit MEP

4) Design the ice plant for the main arena

a) Contact two different ice professionals for help designing and selecting equipment

b) Determine possible uses for waste heat from the ice





1) Material selection investigation



c) Research the details and requirements of the fabrication process

d) Perform a LEED analysis of the material selection and sources of these materials

2) Perform a detailed cost analysis of integrated truss system

a) Perform a quantity take-off of truss components

i) Quantities will be determined using Autodesk Quantity Take-Off and Revit

b) Use the quantities and obtain cost information

i) Cost information will be obtained from RS Means Building Construction Cost Data,

manufacturer’s quotes and dialogue with industry professionals

c) Create detailed cost estimate of the integrated truss and supporting frame

i) Quantity and cost information will be combined, organized, and analyzed in Microsoft Excel

3) Perform an in-depth crane analysis and 4D modeling

a) Collaborate with structural discipline to determine crane type and size based on loading and

splice locations

b) Develop preliminary schedule and sequence for the crane(s)

i) Developed using Oracle Primavera P6

c) Import the above schedule into 4D modeling software

i) 4D model will be created using Navisworks

d) Identify inefficiencies in the design and construction sequence and perform iterations with the

structural discipline to reach the optimal construction solution

4) Perform a life-cycle cost analysis due to mechanical equipment relocation

a) Requires mechanical discipline to finalize the study of the mechanical equipment relocation to

optimize engineering solutions

i) Mechanical discipline and construction manager will work together to achieve goals using

BIM technology

(1) Navisworks will be used to perform clash detection and design iterations

b) Collaborate with mechanical discipline to perform a mechanical system life-cycle cost analysis




Measuring Success for the Community Rink The design intent for the community rink is to produce an aesthetically pleasing space that

provides a memorable experience for regular and first time visitors of the rink. The architectural

features of the community rink will complement the main arena. Meaning, there will be similar

materials and shapes used in the design of the structure. The rink will be run by a full time staff

including a facility manager and team iBUILD has the full intent to provide them a space that they are

proud to work at.

Team iBUILD aims to provide accepted light level standards on the ice by taking advantage of

daylighting strategies in the community rink. The use of daylighting will deter costs otherwise needed to

light the space and a comprehensive cost comparison of using this strategy versus not taking advantage

of it will be carried out.

Mechanical equipment relocation is a large coordination challenge that brings all options

together to develop an acceptable and creative solution. Team iBUILD will look into material cost saving

that could come from less ductwork and electrical line lengths. A successful solution will also be

providing the creative solution in a rationalized fashion that will provide all requirements for the space

to meet accepted light level, conditioning, and structural requirements.




Design Intent for the East Facade

The east façade of the building will be made up primarily of a curtain wall system. This is being

done to give an eye catching entrance to the arena from the exterior as well as a large open and a

visually enjoyable space to anyone on the inside of the building. One of the main focal points of the

building is the Mount Nittany Room. This space is located in the south-east corner of the main

concourse level and hosts the curtain wall as its southern and eastern faces; its location in relation to

the floor plan can be seen in figure 14 below. Its’ intent is to possess a stunning view for patrons to one

of the most eye catching features of the area, Mount Nittany. One primary goal of team iBUILD is to take

this east facing façade and open it up for the occupants while keeping engineering values in mind.

Because the wall is made up primarily of glass there will be a large in-flux of heat lost or gained

depending on the season; if it is not properly designed. Also, we are going to explore by limiting the

amount of curtain wall space on the eastern façade yet maintaining view to the mountain range, will the

project stay on time and under budget. With apt architectural and engineering judgment, a proper

solution will be presented once all design parties are considered in the design of the space.

Figure 14. The image to the left shows where the Mount

Nittany room resides on the main concourse level.




The ME and L/E will be working together concurrently to design a space that will produce

noticeable energy savings while not taking anything away from the current design. This will be

accomplished with the use of advanced lighting and energy modeling software. The L/E and ME will be

using results from relevant software packages to evaluate how effective their design solutions are in

saving energy. There will be changes made constantly as problems are found and addressed. These

changes can be made in Revit and then the geometries can be imported into most appropriate modeling

programs, which is a major advantage of using BIM. Instead of making the changes in each of the

software platforms they can be made once and exported, which saves time and money for everyone

involved. It will be the job of the SE to ensure that there is an adequate structural system in place to

support the curtain wall system and the roof over the space. Also, Revit will be used as the architectural

platform to ensure that what is designed meets the architectural ideals of team iBUILD. All design

specific models will either be imported into Revit (if possible) or modeled in Revit independently. These

three systems will all be in close quarters and clash detection software will be used, with the help of the

CM, to ensure that no interferences/clashes occur throughout the process of the design.

The measure of a successful design will be an iconic entrance and east facing façade that takes

full advantage to the views of Mount Nittany. With the help of all design parties, the CM will perform a

cost comparison of all system costs and some energy saving comparisons based on the original design

and iBUILD’s alternate design. Using engineering judgment and architectural ideals team iBUILD

believes that a stunning east facing façade and interior concourse space will be achieved.




Structural Solution Methods Collaborating in the design of the curtain wall system, the structural discipline will have more

input into how the system will work and why it is being designed as is. In working with the L/E and ME

the structural discipline will oversee and facilitate an adequate structural support system for the curtain

wall system. iBUILD’s preliminary proposed design intent can be seen in Figure 15 below.

Figure 15. The image above represents team iBUILD’s proposed design intent for the east façade of the ice arena.

The structural discipline will take part in all design charrettes held concerning the curtain wall

design. If needed, the SE will look into alternative systems and their impact on all structural systems

affected by the change. There are intentions of changing the roof height and geometries in the space

within the curtain wall system; this will need to be monitored by the structural discipline. There could

be creative solutions incorporated as the design progresses and if the curtain wall system does change it

will be the structural engineering student’s obligation to ensure that the proposed solution is possible.

The changing of architecture could lead to the addition of supporting structure or changes in support

locations and it is the job of the structural discipline to facilitate an economical solution while being as

unobtrusive as possible.

In changing the geometries and dimension of the east façade there may be a reduction in

structural member length or total removal of some members, and there is the possibility that there

could be some structure added. Working with the construction management (CM) student the

structural discipline will evaluate new designs by comparing costs for the design-to-date versus team

iBUILD’s redesign. Quantity takeoffs of structural members can be done using Revit producing a much

more streamlined cost comparison for the structural discipline and CM student. This will be done with

the use of proper BIM modeling which is a major intent for team iBUILD.

It is the sole responsibility of the structural engineering student to ensure that the curtain wall

system is not designed to be supported in a manner what will hinder the structural performance of




adjacent systems and supports. The following page is comprised of some graphics (figure 16-18) that

may help the reader better understand the to-date design; not done by iBUILD.

Figure 17. The image on the left shows existing column

locations that support the roof and eastern façade.

Existing Curtain

Wall Column

Locations

Figure 16. The 3D perspective above shows the existing framing layout for the east façade

Figure 18. The 3D perspective above shows the existing architectural design.





As discussed in the design intent, the eastern façade is a huge architectural feature for the Penn

State ice hockey arena. The space right along the façade contains the main lobby and the Mount Nittany

room that has views to the mountain range. The large glass façade that wraps around the east and south

side of the building is oriented on the site facing northeast. Due to the orientation and construction of

the façade, there is a huge opportunity for daylight harvesting.

iBUILD’s L/E will be working very closely with the ME for a choosing glass that has a high visible

transmittance but a low solar heat gain to prevent increased cooling loads while still embracing the

views. In order to achieve some energy savings, the space will contain photosensors that control the

electric ambient lighting. The space will be modeled in 3D AutoCAD and then run in Daysim to

investigate the daylight autonomy and potential energy savings. We will also investigate the effect of a

woven metal mesh that covers certain parts of the façade and/or the use of movable shades to block

out the morning direct sunlight, due to the façade’s NE orientation.

The main lobby on the north side of the façade is the first place the fans experience when they

walk into the building, so the “WOW factor” must be extraordinary. This will be achieved by non-

uniform lighting with a strong emphasis on peripherals and highlighting different architectural features.

There will be a glowing color changing cove around the arena, accenting of signage and advertisements,

and LED strips in the concrete that chase themselves as if a player is skating through the concourse.

These moving lights act as guide for circulation around the concourse as well.

The exterior lighting at night needs to be very impressive and exciting; it must also complement

the Bryce Jordan Center, which is across the street. The exterior is going to have two scenes, when there

is a game and when there is not a game. When there is a game, the major architectural feature, the arch

that stretches across the façade that will be made of a woven metal mesh with attached color changing

LEDs. We will investigate using the mesh on other parts of the façade in order to enhance the game-day

look. The fascia of the overhangs may be grazed with color changing LED’s and name of the building will

be highlighted. The entrance will have down lights to provide safety lighting as well as create a focus for

the entrance. When there is not a game, the lighting will be a bit subtler and only the essentials such as

the entrance, the building name, and the arch will be illuminated. An astronomical clock will control this

non-game lighting.

The total design will be modeled in Revit and rendered and animated in 3D Studio Max. The

design will be less than or equal to ASHRAE 90.1 2010 power density requirements for the interior lobby

(.9 w/sq. ft.) and the exterior entrance (30 w/linear foot of door width) and façade (.15w/sq. ft.) as well

as meet IES guidelines for lobby and concourse areas (5 - 10 horizontal fc and 3 vertical fc 5' A.F.F.).





The Eastern façade of the Penn State Ice Arena is the face of the building. It is going to be the

most visible portion and iBUILD wants to make it just as iconic and appealing as the structure of both the

main arena and community rink. The façade will require just as much collaboration between the

different options as the other areas of focus.

The ME will work very closely with the L/E in a daylighting study. iBUILD would like to allow

maximum visible light into the space while limiting the effects on the space load. Glass selection will

become very important. Together with the CM, an investigation will be done into the most economical,

most efficient type of glass. iBUILD will look at several different types of glass to include fritted, double

paned, and triple paned. As a team, a glass type will be selected that meets Penn State’s design guide

while maintaining iBUILD’s team goals.

The structural and mechanical disciplines will work closely in the selection of a support type.

Together the two will look at the best way to support the curtain wall while maintaining a tight building

envelope with minimal to no infiltration. Maintaining the buildings tight construction will be an

important factor in things such as the curtain wall and vestibules. This will allow for the best possible

conditions on the ice.

An investigation will be conducted into the insulation and construction of the building exterior.

The CM and ME will work together to come up with the most practical construction and material

selection for the exterior. Different types of wall systems will be compared for their thermal properties

and for their cost. The goal will be to compare iBUILD’s design with a traditional wall construction used

on ice facilities to see different construction savings and energy savings.

iBUILD has decided to lower the roof of the eastern façade. The ME will do a study of both the

original design and iBUILD’s to show the different advantages of the lowered roofline. iBUILD expects to

see a considerable decrease in space load on the mechanical side. This will allow the ME to resize the

mechanical equipment supplying the zones affected by the roof drop. Further load calculations will be

done on the space to compare energy savings iBUILD expects to achieve in this space.




Construction Solution Methods

The responsibility of the construction manager for team iBUILD’s analysis of the east façade will

be critical to understanding the importance of continual design iterations in order to obtain the optimal

design. The construction manager will be an integral part of team iBUILD in this respect by providing

cost comparisons to various design solutions developed by the team. Then, as a team, iBUILD will select

the best solution with regards to engineering analysis as well as the architectural intents of team iBUILD

and The Pennsylvania State University.

Detailed in the design intent for the east façade, the primary investigation is to develop and

analyze different design geometries and material selections for the large curtain wall that composes the

eastern façade of the ice hockey facility. At the same time, the end goal of preserving the views to

Mount Nittany and be aesthetically pleasing and iconic feature of the facility. In order to make the vision

of team iBUILD and the eastern façade come to fruition, the construction manager will play an

important role in the selection of materials used, as well as, developing value engineering solutions that

will work toward achieving an optimal design, and finally by producing cost estimates to compare

various design solutions for the benefit of team iBUILD and the end user.

Constant collaboration among the team members of iBUILD will occur as a result of scheduled

team meetings, which will be facilitated by the construction manager. These scheduled team meetings

will serve as an excellent forum in which the team members can brainstorm design solutions and

address concerns that will affect the team and facility as a whole. These meetings will occur for each of

the spaces within the building that are being investigated by the team.

The first task the construction manager will perform is an in-depth analysis of the selection of

materials for the façade system. To conduct this research, the construction manager will require

constant feedback and will need to consider and work closely with each of the disciplines that are

represented in team iBUILD. The material selection process is integral to the entire team’s approach to

the investigation of the east façade due to the differing material properties. Depending on the selection

of materials, for example glass, this in turn will effect daylighting capabilities within the space, differing

mechanical loads to condition the space based on the efficiency of the enclosure, as well as differing

support conditions for the structural discipline to develop. Material selection will be extremely

important for this aspect of the building and will need to be addressed at the beginning of the design

process.

To assist in the selection of materials, the construction manager will research and develop value

engineering opportunities for the design team to consider that will ultimately balance performance and

cost of the façade system. This analysis will serve as a tool in the material selection process in order to

identify the best solutions for each of the building systems. For example, preliminary design decisions

from the collaboration of team iBUILD to drop the roof line of the east façade from its originally design

location resulted in a 37.2% reduction in glass, which will likely lead to a decrease in cost of the façade

system. Table 1 below illustrates the result of this design decision.




Finally, the construction

manager will perform a detailed

cost estimate and comparison of

each of the design solutions. This

will require close collaboration

among each of the members of

team iBUILD in order to create a

cost estimate that will accurately

represent the design and

construction of the façade system.

The cost estimate will serve as a tool to narrow and eventually finalize design decisions, allowing the

team to develop an iconic building façade that will attract individuals to the facility and ultimately

increase revenue for the owner.

Table 1. Preliminary glazing comparison pertaining to iBUILD's proposed design solution





1) Strength Design of Façade Curtain Wall Supporting Structure

a) As a team, develop initial geometries for the curtain wall system

b) Gather all loads that may govern the design of the curtain wall system and supports

c) Collaborate with L/E and ME to develop schematic façade design

d) Layout schematic solution for curtain wall support system

e) Look at support conditions and evaluate most feasible solution

f) Analyze and design structure in STAAD or SAP with appropriate loads

g) Propose structural supporting system design to L/E and ME

h) Model structural system in Revit Structure

i) Import/Link into Revit Architecture

i) Run Clash Detection with CM, L/E, and ME

i) Link all discipline models together

j) Repeat steps e through I as necessary




Lighting/Electrical Tasks and tools

1) Analyze Daylighting

a) Model simple geometry in 3D AutoCAD

i) Look at different glazing options with ME

b) Run in Daysim

i) With shades and with woven mesh

c) Analyze daylight and potential energy savings once electric light is designed

2) Design Lobby Lighting


i) 5 - 10 horizontal fc and 3 vertical fc 5' A.F.F.

b) Select possible fixtures, determine LLFs and reflectances

c) Model in Revit and run calculations with Elumtools


e) Render space

3) Design Exterior Lighting


b) Select possible fixtures, determine LLFs and reflectances

c) Model in Revit and run calculations with Elumtools


e) Export to 3D Studio Max to render and animate game-day scene





1) Select a type of glass for the façade

a) Compare different types of glass using Trane Trace and thermodynamics

i) Compare the effects different glass types have on the space load

ii) Investigate architectural impact of glass selection

b) Collaborate with CM to compare costs

i) Compare initial costs

ii) Compare energy savings of the different glass types

c) Select the most economical

2) Select support type

a) Collaborate with structural in support/construction of curtain wall

b) Ensure selection is a tight construction using H.A.M. Toolbox

c) Investigate impact of selection on architecture

d) Model in Revit

3) Investigate alternative façade systems

a) Compare traditional exterior wall construction with alternatives

i) Select different types of insulation and model them in H.A.M. Toolbox

ii) Compare and organize results

b) Collaborate with CM to assist with value engineering and selection based on constructability and

cost

c) Redesign exterior zones if necessary

i) Model in Trane Trace

ii) Compare results with traditional exterior

iii) Determine cost savings and payback periods

4) Investigate impact of lowering roof

a) Model original design in Trane Trace

b) Model iBUILD’s solution in Trane Trace

c) Compare and determine energy savings

i) Resize equipment if needed

ii) Show the energy savings in terms of BTU’s and money





1) Material selection investigation (collaboration among all members of iBUILD)



c) Perform a LEED analysis of the material selection and sources of these materials

2) Value engineering analysis

a) Conduct research into final value engineering opportunities

b) Will occur concurrently with material selection investigation

c) Construction manager to collaborate with mechanical, lighting/electrical and structural

disciplines to determine optimal design solutions

d) 3D clash detection and modeling will occur throughout the above processes among team iBUILD

i) 3D clash detection will occur as a result of modeling in Revit and importing Revit model into

Navisworks

3) Perform a detailed cost estimate and comparison of each of the design solutions

a) Will require constant collaboration among all of team iBUILD’s members in order to create a

cost estimate that will accurately represent design and construction of façade system

b) Use cost estimate and comparisons to optimize design solutions




Measuring Success for the East Facade One of the main architectural focal points for the arena is the east façade and entrance. There

has also been a large emphasis put on preserving the views in the design of the Mt. Nittany room which

resides along the eastern façade. Team iBUILD aims to enhance the east façade and in doing so will

preserve all intents of the Mt. Nittany room and offer a lighting feature that will have all of Penn State

talking.

The existing design of the eastern façade has a considerable amount of wasted volume that is

going to be eliminated by lowering the roof and reducing the amount of space that must be conditioned.

Energy savings from lowering the roof will be measured using Trance Trace. Also by lowering the roof

team iBUILD aims at eliminating the chance of ever having glare problems on the ice. The overhang will

be sized to maximize our potential for useful daylight. Electric energy savings will be measured using

Daysim when investigating daylight harvesting for the space. Also we propose by decreasing the volume

there will be less surface area to cover with glass, in turn creating a less expensive design solution.

The façade is the face of the building and in turn the face of the Penn State ice hockey program.

iBUILD aims to make a facility so iconic and impressive that the arena will bring people to the arena just

to see it and this justifies the entirety of the façade design.




APPENDIX A: Spring Schedule

Jo

e B

uye

rA

dvis

or:

Mose

s L

ing

Ste

ve

n C

on

roe

Advis

or:

John M

ess

ner

Lo

gan

Gra

yA

dvis

or:

Andre

s L

epage

Ad

rie

nn

e V

eit

Advis

or:

Ric

hard

Mis

tric

k

Te

am

Me

mb

er

8-J

an

-12

15

-Jan

-12

22

-Jan

-12

29

-Jan

-12

5-F

eb

-12

12

-Fe

b-1

21

9-F

eb

-12

26

-Fe

b-1

24

-Mar-

12

11

-Mar-

12

18

-Mar-

12

25

-Mar-

12

1-A

pr-

12

8-A

pr-

12

15

-Ap

r-1

22

2-A

pr-

11

Faç

ade

Des

ign

Sup

port

Ty

pe

and L

oca

tion

Analy

ze &

Desi

gn F

acade

Syst

em

Mo

delin

g &

Desig

n R

ev

iew

s

Load

s fo

r R

oof

Des

ign

Desig

n R

ev

iew

s

Rev

isio

ns a

nd

Ren

deri

ng

s

Des

ign A

ll E

lect

ric

Lig

ht

Pro

tective D

evic

e C

oord

.

Pra

ctic

e A

ren

a

Ele

ctr

ic L

oads

and B

ranch C

ircuit D

esi

gn

Ele

ctr

ical E

quip

. A

naly

sis

Write Final Report and Prepare Presentation

Mech.

Equip

. R

elo

cation

Daylig

ht

Analy

sis

& E

nerg

y S

avin

gs

Roof

Desi

gn M

ech

. E

qu

ip. S

up

po

rtin

g S

tru

ctu

re

4D

Tru

ss E

rection

Day

lig

hti

ng

& L

oad

An

aly

sis

Ice P

lan

t R

esearc

h a

nd

An

aly

sis

iBU

ILD

Fin

ish A

rchitectu

ral D

esi

gn

Cla

sh, M

odelin

g, D

esi

gn R

evie

w

Researc

h m

ate

rials

& p

rocu

rem

en

t

Valu

e E

ng

ineeri

ng

Op

tio

ns

Façade D

eta

iled E

stim

ate

Tru

ss L

oad

s a

nd

Siz

ing

Late

ral F

ram

e D

esi

gn &

Analy

sis

Cra

ne A

naly

sis

Dia

phra

m A

naly

sis

Desig

n A

ll E

lectr

ic L

igh

t

Ele

ctri

c L

oad

s an

d B

ranch

Cir

cuit

Des

ign

Desi

gn A

ll E

lectr

ic L

ight Exte

rior

Lig

hting D

esi

gn

Gla

ss S

elec

tion &

Day

ligh

ting

Stu

dy

Str

uctu

ral

Lig

hting/E

lectr

ical

East

Façade

Fin

al C

olla

bora

tions

and R

evie

w

Rad

ian

t F

loo

r H

eati

ng

An

aly

sis

Mech

an

ical E

qu

ipm

en

t S

ele

cti

on

Lo

ad

s a

nd

Du

ct

Siz

ing

Revis

ions

and R

enderi

ngs

Cra

ne A

naly

sis

Revis

ions

and M

odelin

g

Tru

ss D

eta

iled E

stim

ate

Co

st

Imp

act

of

Mech

. E

qu

ip. R

elo

cati

on

4D

Tru

ss E

rection

LE

ED

Opport

unitie

s

Ice P

lan

t R

esearc

h a

nd

An

aly

sis

Façade S

yst

em

Invest

igation

Joe Buyer - Mechanical

Spring Break / Schedule Evaluation

Faculty Jury Presentations: April 9 - 13

ABET Evaluations & CPEP Finalizations: April 16 - 20

Invited Jury Presentations / Senior Banquet: April 27

Lo

ad

An

aly

sis

Heati

ng

Sy

ste

m S

ele

cti

on

in

Sta

nd

s

Adrienne Veit - Lighting / ElectricalLogan Gray - StructuralSteven Conroe - Construction

Management

Researc

h m

ate

rials

& p

rocu

rem

en

t

Tru

ss a

nd

Fra

me D

eta

iled

Esti

mate

Cra

ne A

naly

sis V

E a

nd L

EE

D A

naly

sis

Researc

h m

ate

rials

& p

rocu

rem

en

t

Cra

ne A

naly

sis

Tea

m i

BU

ILD

Sp

rin

g S

em

est

er

Sch

ed

ule

(P

rop

ose

d)

Ja

nu

ary

- M

ay

20

12

Mechanic

al

Sch

ed

ule

Leg

en

dC

onst

ruction

Main

Are

na

Mil

esto

ne

1M

ile

sto

ne

2M

ile

sto

ne

3M

ile

sto

ne

4

27

-Jan

-12

13

-Fe

b-1

22

-Mar-

12

26

-Mar-

12




APPENDIX B: BIM Goals

Priority (1-3) Goal Description Potential BIM Uses1- Most

Important Value added objectives

1Increase effectiveness and efficiency of Design

(Structural, Mechanical, Lighting/Electrical)

Design Authoring, Design Reviews, 3D

Control and Planning

2 Increase effectiveness of Sustainability approachesEngineering Analysis, LEED

Evaluation, Cost Estimation

2Identify concerns and increase efficiency for phase

planning during constructionPhase Planning (4D Modeling)

1 Review architectural design features Cost Estimation, Design Reviews

2 Assess cost involved with design changes Cost Estimation, Design Reviews

2 Elimate conflicts in field among disciplines3D clash detection / visualization /

coordination

1 Identify Energy Usage / RequirementsLighting / Energy / Mechanical

Analysis

2 Identify concerns associated with site throughout design Existing Conditions Modeling

2 Increase effectiveness of Site Utilization Planning Site Utilization Planning

1Provide an accurate 3D record model for operation and

maintenanceRecord Modeling

2 Review Design Progress Design Reviews

3Increase efficiency of mechanical and electrical systems

based on actual measured values

Intelligent Building and/or System

Monitoring/Controls




APPENDIX C: Model Structure

1. FILE NAMING STRUCTURE: DETERMINE AND LIST THE STRUCTURE FOR MODEL FILE NAMES.

FILE NAMES FOR MODELS SHOULD BE FORMATTED AS:

DISCIPLINE-iBUILD-.XYZ (example: ARCH-iBUILD.rvt)

ARCHITECTURAL MODEL ARCH-

MECHANICAL MODEL MECH-

LIGHTING & ELECTRICAL

MODEL LTG&ELEC-

STRUCTURAL MODEL STRUCT-

ENERGY MODEL ENERGY-

CONSTRUCTION MODEL CONST-

COORDINATION MODEL COORD-

2. MODEL STRUCTURE:

a. All models made should be of the entire building

b. Each design discipline will be responsible for making a model that represents their design intent.

c. The construction manager will be responsible for producing coordination models in order to help smooth the progress throughout the design and construction phases.




APPENDIX D: Organizational Roles / Staffing

1. BIM ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES:

BIM CHAMPION: (LOGAN GRAY)

1. RESPONSIBLE FOR COORDINATING AND PLANNING A SUCCESSFUL BIM EXECUTION PLAN 2. RESPONSIBLE FOR COORDINATING, TRACKING, AND MAINTAINING PROGRESS OF ALL PARTIES 3. MAIN CONTACT FOR ALL QUESTIONS REGARDING BIM THROUGHOUT THE LIFE-CYCLE OF THE

PROJECT 4. INFORMS ALL DISCIPLINES WHEN AN UPDATE HAS BEEN MADE TO ANY AND ALL MODELS/DESIGNS

OTHERS: (JOE BUYER, STEVE CONROE, SIMI VEIT)

1. COORDINATE AND MAINTAIN THE BIM MODEL IN ORDER TO DELIVER A SUCCESSFUL BIM PROJECT. 2. BE AVAILABLE FOR CONTACT FOR ALL QUESTIONS REGARDING THEIR DESIGNATED MODEL

THROUGHOUT THE LIFE-CYCLE OF THE PROJECT. 3. MUST REVIEW ALL CHANGES MADE BY THE OTHER DISCIPLINES IN ORDER TO ENSURE THAT THEIR

RESPECTIVE DESIGN IS STILL ADEQUATE OR 4. MUST ADDRESS ANY CHANGES THAT MUST BE MADE TO THEIR DESIGN UPON RECEIVING AN UPDATED

MODEL FROM ANOTHER DISCIPLINE




APPENDIX E: Quality Control

1. OVERALL STRATEGY FOR QUALITY CONTROL:

THE FOLLOWING IS THE STRATEGY THAT WILL BE USED TO CONTROL THE QUALITY OF THE MODEL.

1. THE BIM CHAMPION SHOULD SET UP THE CENTRAL FILE FOR THE Y: DRIVE AND NO ONE ELSE SHOULD ACCESS IT UNLESS

SPECIFIED BY THE BIM CHAMPION.

2. EACH DISCIPLINE CAN UPLOAD AND DOWNLOAD FILES TO AND FROM THE Y: DRIVE, BUT WILL ONLY DO SO AFTER

SPEAKING WITH THE BIM CHAMPION.

3. DISCIPLINES SHOULD DOWNLOAD A CURRENT LOCAL FILE; NOT A CENTRAL FILE FROM THE Y: DRIVE IF NECESSARY.

4. EACH DISCIPLINE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR CHANGING THEIR RESPECTIVE MODEL TO REFLECT THEIR DESIGN INTENT.




APPENDIX F: Index of Figures

Figure 1: A detail of the proposed integrated system used in the main arena………………………………………….5

Figure 2: Preliminary sizes using the described geometries that explains the integrated truss………………..6

Figure 3: Description of frame lines that will be used to resist thrust from the roof truss and external lateral loads applied to the building as well as where the truss will be supported by the frames…………….7

Figure 4: The preliminary size of the structural members that will be resisting the thrust from the curved roof truss…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………7

Figure 5: Displays the main arena diaphragm, arched trusses, and infill beams……………………………………….8

Figure 6: Raised Aluminum Risers by Structal…………………………………………………………………………………………11

Figure 7: Schematic Image of bow-string truss………………………………………………………………………………………21

Figure 8: iBUILD’s proposed design intent for the community rink…………………………………………………………22

Figure 9: Existing Rooftop Mechanical Equipment and Screen Wall Locations……………………………………….23

Figure 10: Team iBUILD Proposed Mechanical Equipment and Screen Wall Locations…………………………..23

Figure 11: Shows the ice sheet, where the screen wall currently resides on the roof (X3), and where support locations for the roof structure can be easily located (X4)………………………………………………………..23

Figure 12: Same as figure 9……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………25

Figure 13: Same as figure 10………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….25

Figure 14: The location of the Mount Nittany room on the main concourse level………………………………….34

Figure 15: Team iBUILD’s proposed design intent for the east façade of the ice arena…………………………..36

Figure 16: The 3D perspective of the existing framing layout for the east façade………………………………….37

Figure 17: The image shows existing column locations that support the roof and eastern façade…………37

Figure 18: Same as figure 16………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….37

Table 1: Façade glazing comparison……………………………………………………………………………………………………….41




APPENDIX G: Additional Thesis Requirements Structural MAE Requirements

The structural MAE requirements will be carried out with the use of material learned in three

MAE electives previously taken. Knowledge gained in AE 597A (Advanced Computer Modeling of

Building Structures) will be used extensively in order to model the gravity and lateral systems. This will

allow for accurate simulation of structural building performance. The model will use proper and

accepted modeling techniques and assumptions including property modifiers, end offsets, rigid-end

factors, end releases, tension/compression limits, as well as any other assignments needed.

Using methods of analysis for lateral loading outlined in AE 597A and AE 538 (Earthquake

Resistant Design of Buildings) the lateral systems can be designed in the main arena to support the

thrust induced at the base of the arch(and the tops of the frames) combined with wind and seismic

loads. There may be a combination of lateral load resisting systems used; therefore, principles outlined

in AE 538 will also be used when designing the lateral thrust and lateral load resisting systems.

Being currently enrolled in AE 542 (Building Enclosure Science and Design) may help to bring

some very important insight into the design and selection of a system types for our building. This will be

especially helpful when collaborating within the group to determine the most appropriate system for

the east façade and entrance to the ice arena.

Finally, in order to accurately design the wood glued-laminated members used in the main

arena and community rink, knowledge from BE 462 (Design of Wood Structures) will be incorporated

into the analysis and design of the structural systems. Proper adjustment factors will be used and

appropriate limit states and criteria will be satisfied.




References

DiLaura, David L., Kevin Houser, and Richard G. Mistrick. The Lighting Handbook: Reference &

Application. New York, NY: Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 2011. Print.

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