Samuel A. Adediran Global Alliance for Livestock Veterinary Medicines (GALVmed)

People, their livestock, livelihood and diseases: complexity of

interrelationships.

East and Southern African Dairy Association (ESADA), Nairobi, 23-25 September 2015

Slide 2

Pathogen flow at Wildlife – livestock-

human interphase – Jones et. al. 2013

Complex demographics, lifestyle,

production systems, influence

Livestock-Human disease

relationships.

Outlines

• GALVmed – background

• Livestock and people

• Diseases and food safety

• Stakeholders roles

GALVmed - Who we are

Slide 3

• Animal health Product development & adoption Partnership organisation

• A not-for-profit Public-Private Partnership – registered charity

• Sponsored by the UK Department for International Development (DFID) and

The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) and with projects funded by

BMGF, DFID and EC.

• Pro-poor focus: working with key partners to make a sustainable difference

in access to animal health products for poor livestock keepers

GALVmed - What we do & How we work

Slide 4

We support

development and

encourage adoption

of animal health

solutions by persons

for whom livestock is

a LIFELINE. We do

this by intervention in

all necessary links

of the livestock

value chain.

Slide 5

• 60-70% of world rural poor depend on Livestock (FAO, 2010)

• Livelihood of ~1 Billion in Africa & Asia – 60% women

• Agriculture provides ~30% GDP & Livestock 10 - 40% of it.

• Milk, meat, and eggs currently provide around 13% global

Energy and 28% protein

Livestock and Nutrition security

Background

Livestock can be a

strategic intervention in

the poverty alleviation.

Animal Diseases is a great threat to the livelihood

of a billion persons

Population dynamics & animal protein

demand

.

• Expected growth of the world population from 7.2 billion to

9.6 billion by 2050

• Compared to consumption levels in 2010, by 2050 demand

• Beef, dairy products and mutton by 80-100 percent; and

• Poultry meat is projected to increase by 170 percent:

and

• Pork and eggs need increase by 65-70 percent.

Great opportunities for value chain partners

Slide 7

Drivers of improved livestock production

• Genes: Genetic Improvement,

including biotechnology – GMO’s

Environment:

• Intensification in production

systems

• Improved feeding

• Veterinary drugs

Slide 8

Productivity gains

• Mean milk yield/cow increased 3,400 (1962) to ~ 8,000

kg (2010).

• Egg production/bird increased fourfold 300-350/yr

• Broiler birds attained slaughter weight of 5-7 kg in a third

of the time required to do so thirty years ago.

Slide 9

20-38% lameness incidence rate reported in intensive dairy

systems with 10-15% access to pasture.

Increasing incidence of mastitis.

Reduced fertility

Acidosis in grain fed cattle

BSE - Mad Cow disease

key Health issues from production

Source: Espejo et al. 2006) EU, Clarkson et al., 1996). 1 Cook (2003)

High Genetic merit Dairy Cows

Slide 10

• Anti-social tendencies e.g. pecking, fighting and

cannibalism in caged birds.

• Physiological deformities.

• High growth rate and fat deposits.

key Health issues – Poultry

Slide 11

• Many animal and human diseases can be exchanged via

zoonotic (animal to human) or anthroponotic (human to

animal) transmission.

Complex inter - relationship and Zoonosis.

Slide 12

Zoonosis – Impact on the poor

• Out of 1,415 pathogens known to infect humans, 61%

were zoonotic.

• Of nearly 335 emerging Infectious Diseases identified in

humans since 1940, three-quarters are zoonotic,

including HIV, Ebola, SARS, RVF, Blue Tongue, ECF

and avian influenza.

• “Physiological pathogens”

The greatest burden of zoonotic disease falls on the poorest

livestock keepers, with 2.3 billion human illness and 2.2 million

human deaths/y esp in countries with large pastoral populations

(e.g. Ethiopia, Tanzania, Nigeria, India (ILRI).

Slide 13

Intensification & Lifestyle diseases

• Increasing incidence of obesity and Cardiovascular

diseases due to high consumption of high saturated fatty

foods of animal origin such as fatty red meat and

cheeses.

• Low doses Antibiotic in feed upsets gut bacteria

composition & increase fat deposits.

• Feeding of aflatoxin contaminated cereals & higher

incidence of cancer in high grain consuming SSA

countries.

Role for all stakeholders

• Integrated collaborative R&D.

• Producer & consumer awareness

• Human capital & Infrastructures development –– Diagnostics labs, Geo-

spatial tools, ICT, Traceability,.

• Veterinary oversight, Regulation by Collective Action Organisations

(Veterinary & Farmers/pastoral assoc. – effective surveillance,

• Public & private sector participation

Balancing Production with Food safety

Slide 15

• Complex relationship between livestock- human &

environment.

• Application of existing knowledge can prevent future loses.

• Correlation between animal health and human health calls

for global One Health approach.

• Build critical infrastructure today to safeguard the future.

• Costs of prevention is much lower than treatment.

• Multidisciplinary Collaboration efforts - working locally,

nationally, and globally—to attain optimal health for people,

animals and the environment.

Conclusions

One Health agenda – Healthy livestock for healthy people

Slide 16

Thank You