people vs gaffud

7/21/2019 People vs Gaffud

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/people-vs-gaffud 1/18

People vs. Gafud

G.R. No. 168050. September 19, 2008

Plaintif-appellee: People o the Philippines

Accused-appellant: Bernardino Gafud

Ponente: C.J. PunoFACTS:

Accused-appellant Bernardno Ga!!ud, "r. #as !ound $ult% o! t#o &2' counts o! murder !or

(lln$ )anuel Sal*ador and Anal%n Sal*ador b% means o! !re. +*dence !or te prosecuton

presented te !ollo#n$

1' at on te n$t o! )a% 10, 199/, rl% Sal*ador, #le on s #a% to te ouse o! s uncle

)anuel Sal*ador, eard t#o $unsots and terea!ter sa# te ouse o! s uncle burnn$. e

sa# tree persons #tn te *cnt% o! te burnn$ ouse, one o! #om e dent!ed as

appellant Ga!!ud, "r.

2' at an an$pal, ne$bor o! te deceased, at about 800 3) tat e*enn$, eard

success*e $unsots and sa# te deceased4s ouse burnn$.

' at pror te ncdent, Baran$a% aptan 3otado Ballan$ sa# te appellant a !e# meters

a#a% !rom te ouse o! te deceased.

/' at earler tat da%, omn$a Sal*ador, common-la# #!e o! )anuel Sal*ador and

moter o! Anal%n Sal*ador, #ent to te ouse o! te appellant to n7ure about er usband4s

sare n te constructon o! te baran$a% all. omn$a also related tat ad earler !led a

complant a$anst te appellant and s broter !or slau$tern$ er p$.

n s appeal, te appellant ar$ued tat te court !aled to rule and resol*e #eter or not

consprac% ested, despte te !act tat tere #as no proo! as to #at o*ert acts e

commtted #c #ould consttute te crme o! murder.

ISS!:

1' :eter or not tere #as consprac%.

2' :eter or not accused-appellant sould be eld lable !or t#o &2' separate counts o!

murder or !or te comple crme o! double murder.

"!#$:

1' onsprac%, n ts case, s not essental. e rule s tat n te absence o! e*dence

so#n$ te drect partcpaton o! te accused n te commsson o! te crme, consprac%

must be establsed b% clear and con*ncn$ e*dence n order to con*ct te accused. n te

case at bar, o#e*er, drect partcpaton o! accused-appellant n te (lln$ o! te *ctms

#as establsed be%ond doubt b% te e*dence o! te prosecuton. us, a !ndn$ o!

consprac% s no lon$er essental !or te con*cton o! accused-appellant.

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2008/september2008/168050.htm

http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2008/september2008/168050.htm



2' No. e ourt ruled tat n a comple crme, altou$ t#o or more crmes are actuall%

commtted, te% consttute onl% one crme n te e%es o! te la# as #ell as n te conscence

o! te o!!ender. e burnn$ te ouse o! )anuel Sal*ador, #t te man ob;ect*e o! (lln$

te latter and s dau$ter, resultn$ n ter deats resulted n te comple crme o! double

murder. ence, tere s onl% one penalt% mposed !or te commsson o! a comple crme.

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7659

AN ACT TO IMPOSE THE DEATH PENALTY ON CERTAIN HEINOUS CRIMES,AMENDING FOR THAT PURPOSE THE REVISED PENAL LAWS, AS AMENDED, OTHER

SPECIAL PENAL LAWS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

WHEREAS, the Constitution, specifically Article III, Section 19 paragraph (1) thereof, states"Ecessi!e fines shall not e i#pose$ nor cruel, $egra$ing or inhu#an punish#ent inflicte$%&either shall $eath penalty e i#pose$, unless, for co#pelling reasons in!ol!ing heinous

cri#es, the Congress hereafter pro!i$es for it% % %"'

WHEREAS, the cri#es punishale y $eath un$er this Act are heinous for eing grie!ous,o$ious an$ hateful offenses an$ hich, y reason of their inherent or #anifest ice$ness,!iciousness, atrocity an$ per!ersity are repugnant an$ outrageous to the co##on stan$ar$san$ nor#s of $ecency an$ #orality in a *ust, ci!ili+e$ an$ or$ere$ society'

WHEREAS, $ue to the alar#ing upsurge of such cri#es hich has resulte$ not only in theloss of hu#an li!es an$ anton $estruction of property ut also affecte$ the nations effortstoar$s sustainale econo#ic $e!elop#ent an$ prosperity hile at the sa#e ti#e hasun$er#ine$ the peoples faith in the -o!ern#ent an$ the latters aility to #aintain peacean$ or$er in the country'

WHEREAS, the Congress, in the *ustice, pulic or$er an$ the rule of la, an$ the nee$ torationali+e an$ har#oni+e the penal sanctions for heinous cri#es, fin$s co#pelling reasonsto i#pose the $eath penalty for sai$ cri#es'

&o, therefore,

Sect!" #. Declaration of Policy. . It is herey $eclare$ the policy of the State to foster an$ensure not only oe$ience to its authority, ut also to a$opt such #easures as oul$effecti!ely pro#ote the #aintenance of peace an$ or$er, the protection of life, lierty an$property, an$ the pro#otion of the general elfare hich are essential for the en*oy#ent yall the people of the lessings of $e#ocracy in a *ust an$ hu#ane society'

Sect!" $. Article 11/ of the Re!ise$ 0enal Co$e, as a#en$e$, is herey a#en$e$ to rea$as follos

"Art% 11/% 2reason% . Any 3ilipino citi+en ho le!ies ar against the 0hilippines ora$heres to her ene#ies gi!ing the# ai$ or co#fort ithin the 0hilippines orelsehere, shall e punishe$ y reclusion perpetua to $eath an$ shall pay a fine notto ecee$ 144,444 pesos%"



&o person shall e con!icte$ of treason unless on the testi#ony of to itnesses atleast to the sa#e o!ert act or on confession of the accuse$ in open court%

5ieise, an alien, resi$ing in the 0hilippines, ho co##its acts of treason as$efine$ in paragraph 1 of this Article shall e punishe$ y reclusion te#poral to $eathan$ shall pay a fine not to ecee$ 144,444 pesos%"

Sect!" %. Section 2hree, Chapter 6ne, 2itle 6ne of 7oo 2o of the sa#e Co$e is hereya#en$e$ to rea$ as follos

"Section 2hree% . 0iracy an$ #utiny on the high seas or in the 0hilippine aters

Art% 188% 0iracy in general an$ #utiny on the high seas or in 0hilippine aters% . 2hepenalty of reclusion perpetua shall e inflicte$ upon any person ho, on the highseas, or in 0hilippine aters, shall attac or sei+e a !essel or, not eing a #e#er ofits co#ple#ent nor a passenger, shall sei+e the hole or part of the cargo of sai$!essel, its euip#ent or passengers%

2he sa#e penalty shall e inflicte$ in case of #utiny on the high seas or in 0hilippineaters%"

Art% 18:% ;ualifie$ piracy% . 2he penalty of reclusion perpetua to $eath shall ei#pose$ upon those ho co##it any of the cri#es referre$ to in the prece$ingarticle, un$er any of the folloing circu#stances

1% Whene!er they ha!e sei+e$ a !essel y oar$ing or firing upon the sa#e'

8% Whene!er the pirates ha!e aan$one$ their !icti#s ithout #eans ofsa!ing the#sel!es or'

:% Whene!er the cri#e is acco#panie$ y #ur$er, ho#ici$e, physical in*uriesor rape%"

Sect!" &. 2here shall e incorporate$ after Article 811 of the sa#e Co$e a ne article torea$ as follos

"Art% 811.A% ;ualifie$ 7riery% . If any pulic officer is entruste$ ith la enforce#entan$ he refrains fro# arresting or prosecuting an offen$er ho has co##itte$ a cri#epunishale y reclusion perpetua an$<or $eath in consi$eration of any offer, pro#ise,gift or present, he shall suffer the penalty for the offense hich as not prosecute$%

If it is the pulic officer ho ass or $e#an$s such gift or present, he shall suffer the

penalty of $eath%"

Sect!" 5. 2he penalty of $eath for parrici$e un$er Article 8/= of the sa#e Co$e is hereyrestore$, so that it shall rea$ as follos

"Art% 8/=% 0arrici$e% . Any person ho shall ill his father, #other, or chil$, hetherlegiti#ate of illegiti#ate, or any of his ascen$ants, or $escen$ants, or his spouse,shall e guilty of parrici$e an$ shall e punishe$ y the penalty of reclusion perpetuato $eath%"



Sect!" 6. Article 8/> of the sa#e Co$e is herey a#en$e$ to rea$ as follos

"Art% 8/>% ?ur$er% . Any person ho, not falling ithin the pro!isions of Article 8/=shall ill another, shall e guilty of #ur$er an$ shall e punishe$ y reclusionperpetua, to $eath if co##itte$ ith any of the folloing atten$ant circu#stances

1% With treachery, taing a$!antage of superior strength, ith the ai$ ofar#e$ #en, or e#ploying #eans to eaen the $efense or of #eans orpersons to insure or affor$ i#punity%

8% In consi$eration of a price, rear$ or pro#ise%

:% 7y #eans of inun$ation, fire, poison, eplosion, shiprec, stran$ing of a!essel, $erail#ent or assault upon a railroa$, fall of an airship, or y #eansof #otor !ehicles, or ith the use of any other #eans in!ol!ing great astean$ ruin%

/% 6n occasion of any of the cala#ities enu#erate$ in the prece$ing

paragraph, or of an earthuae, eruption of a !olcano, $estructi!e cyclone,epi$e#ic or other pulic cala#ity%

@% With e!i$ent pre#e$itation%

=% With cruelty, y $elierately an$ inhu#anly aug#enting the suffering of the!icti#, or outraging or scoffing at his person or corpse%"

Sect!" 7. Article 8@@ of the sa#e Co$e is herey a#en$e$ to rea$ as follos

"Art% 8@@% Infantici$e% . 2he penalty pro!i$e$ for parrici$e in Article 8/= an$ for#ur$er in Article 8/> shall e i#pose$ upon any person ho shall ill any chil$ less

than three $ays of age%

If any cri#e penali+e$ in this Article e co##itte$ y the #other of the chil$ for thepurpose of concealing her $ishonor, she shall suffer the penalty of prision #ayor inits #e$iu# an$ #ai#u# perio$s, an$ if sai$ cri#e e co##itte$ for the sa#epurpose y the #aternal gran$parents or either of the#, the penalty shall ereclusion te#poral%"

Sect!" '. Article 8= of the sa#e Co$e is herey a#en$e$ to rea$ as follos

"Art% 8=% Bi$napping an$ serious illegal $etention% . Any pri!ate in$i!i$ual ho shalli$nap or $etain another, or in any other #anner $epri!e hi# of his lierty, shall

suffer the penalty of reclusion perpetua to $eath

1% If the i$napping or $etention shall ha!e laste$ #ore than three $ays%

8% If it shall ha!e een co##itte$ si#ulating pulic authority%

:% If any serious physical in*uries shall ha!e een inflicte$ upon the personi$nappe$ or $etaine$' or if threats to ill hi# shall ha!e een #a$e%



/% If the person i$nappe$ or $etaine$ shall e a #inor, ecept hen theaccuse$ is any of the parents, fe#ale or a pulic officer%

2he penalty shall e $eath penalty here the i$napping or $etention as co##itte$for the purpose of etorting ranso# fro# the !icti# or any other person, e!en if noneof the circu#stances ao!e.#entione$ ere present in the co##ission of the

offense%

When the !icti# is ille$ or $ies as a conseuence of the $etention or is rape$, or issu*ecte$ to torture or $ehu#ani+ing acts, the #ai#u# penalty shall e i#pose$%"

Sect!" 9. Article 89/ of the sa#e Co$e is herey a#en$e$ to rea$ as follos

"Art% 89/% Roery ith !iolence against or inti#i$ation of persons . 0enalties% . Anyperson guilty of roery ith the use of !iolence against or inti#i$ation of any personshall suffer

1% 2he penalty of reclusion perpetua to $eath, hen y reason or on occasion

of the roery, the cri#e of ho#ici$e shall ha!e een co##itte$, or hen theroery shall ha!e een acco#panie$ y rape or intentional #utilation orarson%

8% 2he penalty of reclusion te#poral in its #e$iu# perio$ to reclusionperpetua, hen or if y reason or on occasion of such roery, any of thephysical in*uries penali+e$ in su$i!ision I of Article 8=: shall ha!e eeninflicte$%

:% 2he penalty of reclusion te#poral, hen y reason or on occasion of theroery, any of the physical in*uries penali+e$ in su$i!ision 8 of the article#entione$ in the net prece$ing paragraph, shall ha!e een inflicte$%

/% 2he penalty of prision #ayor in its #ai#u# perio$ to reclusion te#poralin its #e$iu# perio$, if the !iolence or inti#i$ation e#ploye$ in theco##ission of the roery shall ha!e een carrie$ to a $egree clearlyunnecessary for the co##ission of the cri#e, or hen in the course of itseecution, the offen$er shall ha!e inflicte$ upon any person not responsilefor its co##ission any of the physical in*uries co!ere$ y su$i!isions : an$/ of sai$ Article 8=:%

@% 2he penalty of prision correccional in its #ai#u# perio$ to prision #ayorin its #e$iu# perio$ in other cases%"

Sect!" #(. Article :84 of the sa#e Co$e is herey a#en$e$ to rea$ as follos

"Art% :84% estructi!e Arson% . 2he penalty of reclusion perpetua to $eath shall ei#pose$ upon any person ho shall urn

1% 6ne (1) or #ore uil$ings or e$ifices, conseuent to one single act ofurning, or as a result of si#ultaneous urnings, co##itte$ on se!eral or$ifferent occasions%



8% Any uil$ing of pulic or pri!ate onership, $e!ote$ to the pulic in generalor here people usually gather or congregate for a $efinite purpose such as,ut not li#ite$ to, official go!ern#ental function or usiness, pri!atetransaction, co##erce, tra$e, orshop, #eetings an$ conferences, or#erely inci$ental to a $efinite purpose such as ut not li#ite$ to hotels,#otels, transient $ellings, pulic con!eyances or stops or ter#inals,

regar$less of hether the offen$er ha$ nole$ge that there are persons insai$ uil$ing or e$ifice at the ti#e it is set on fire an$ regar$less also ofhether the uil$ing is actually inhaite$ or not%

:% Any train or loco#oti!e, ship or !essel, airship or airplane, $e!ote$ totransportation or con!eyance, or for pulic use, entertain#ent or leisure%

/% Any uil$ing, factory, arehouse installation an$ any appurtenancesthereto, hich are $e!ote$ to the ser!ice of pulic utilities%

@% Any uil$ing the urning of hich is for the purpose of concealing or$estroying e!i$ence of another !iolation of la, or for the purpose of

concealing anruptcy or $efrau$ing cre$itors or to collect fro# insurance%

Irrespecti!e of the application of the ao!e enu#erate$ ualifying circu#stances, thepenalty of reclusion perpetua to $eath shall lieise e i#pose$ hen the arson isperpetrate$ or co##itte$ y to (8) or #ore persons or y a group of persons,regar$less of hether their purpose is #erely to urn or $estroy the uil$ing or theurning #erely constitutes an o!ert act in the co##ission or another !iolation of la%

2he penalty of reclusion perpetua to $eath shall also e i#pose$ upon any personho shall urn

1% Any arsenal, shipyar$, storehouse or #ilitary po$er or fireors factory,

or$nance, storehouse, archi!es or general #useu# of the -o!ern#ent%

8% In an inhaite$ place, any storehouse or factory of infla##ale oreplosi!e #aterials%

If as a conseuence of the co##ission of any of the acts penali+e$ un$erthis Article, $eath results, the #an$atory penalty of $eath shall e i#pose$%"

Sect!" ##. Article ::@ of the sa#e Co$e is herey a#en$e$ to rea$ as follos

"Art% ::@% When an$ ho rape is co##itte$% . Rape is co##itte$ y ha!ing carnalnole$ge of a o#an un$er any of the folloing circu#stances

1% 7y using force or inti#i$ation'

8% When the o#an is $epri!e$ of reason or otherise unconscious' an$

:% When the o#an is un$er tel!e years of age or is $e#ente$%

2he cri#e of rape shall e punishe$ y reclusion perpetua%



Whene!er the cri#e of rape is co##itte$ ith the use of a $ea$ly eapon or y toor #ore persons, the penalty shall e reclusion perpetua to $eath%

When y reason or on the occasion of the rape, the !icti# has eco#e insane, thepenalty shall e $eath%

When the rape is atte#pte$ or frustrate$ an$ a ho#ici$e is co##itte$ y reason oron the occasion thereof, the penalty shall e reclusion perpetua to $eath%

When y reason or on the occasion of the rape, a ho#ici$e is co##itte$, the penaltyshall e $eath%

2he $eath penalty shall also e i#pose$ if the cri#e of rape is co##itte$ ith any ofthe folloing atten$ant circu#stances

1% hen the !icti# is un$er eighteen (1>) years of age an$ the offen$er is aparent, ascen$ant, step.parent, guar$ian, relati!e y consanguinity or affinityithin the thir$ ci!il $egree, or the co##on.la.spouse of the parent of the

!icti#%

8% hen the !icti# is un$er the custo$y of the police or #ilitary authorities%

:% hen the rape is co##itte$ in full !ie of the husan$, parent, any of thechil$ren or other relati!es ithin the thir$ $egree of consanguinity%

/% hen the !icti# is a religious or a chil$ elo se!en () years ol$%

@% hen the offen$er nos that he is afflicte$ ith Acuire$ I##uneeficiency Syn$ro#e (AIS) $isease%

=% hen co##itte$ y any #e#er of the Ar#e$ 3orces of the 0hilippines orthe 0hilippine &ational 0olice or any la enforce#ent agency%

% hen y reason or on the occasion of the rape, the !icti# has suffere$per#anent physical #utilation%"

Sect!" #$. Section 8 of Repulic Act &o% 4>4 (An Act efining an$ 0enali+ing the Cri#e of 0lun$er) is herey a#en$e$ to rea$ as follos

"Sec% 8% efinition of the Cri#e of 0lun$er' 0enalties% . Any pulic officer ho, yhi#self or in conni!ance ith #e#ers of his fa#ily, relati!es y affinity orconsanguinity, usiness associates, suor$inates or other persons, a#asses,

accu#ulates or acuires ill.gotten ealth through a co#ination or series of o!ertcri#inal acts as $escrie$ in Section 1 ($) hereof in the aggregate a#ount or total!alue of at least 3ifty #illion pesos (0@4,444,444%44) shall e guilty of the cri#e ofplun$er an$ shall e punishe$ y reclusion perpetua to $eath% Any person hoparticipate$ ith the sai$ pulic officer in the co##ission of an offense contriutingto the cri#e of plun$er shall lieise e punishe$ for such offense% In the i#positionof penalties, the $egree of participation an$ the atten$ance of #itigating an$etenuating circu#stances, as pro!i$e$ y the Re!ise$ 0enal Co$e, shall econsi$ere$ y the court% 2he court shall $eclare any an$ all ill.gotten ealth an$ their



interests an$ other inco#es an$ assets inclu$ing the properties an$ shares of stocs$eri!e$ fro# the $eposit or in!est#ent thereof forfeite$ in fa!or of the State%"

Sect!" #%. Sections :, /, @, , > an$ 9, of Article II of Repulic Act &o% =/8@, as a#en$e$,non as the angerous rugs Act 198, are herey a#en$e$ to rea$ as follos

"Sec% :% I#portation of 0rohiite$ rugs% . 2he penalty of reclusion perpetua to $eathan$ a fine ranging fro# fi!e hun$re$ thousan$ pesos to ten #illion pesos shall ei#pose$ upon any person ho, unless authori+e$ y la, shall i#port or ring intothe 0hilippines any prohiite$ $rug%

"Sec% /% Sale, A$#inistration, eli!ery, istriution an$ 2ransportation of 0rohiite$rugs% . 2he penalty of reclusion perpetua to $eath an$ a fine fro# fi!e hun$re$thousan$ pesos to ten #illion pesos shall e i#pose$ upon any person ho, unlessauthori+e$ y la, shall sell, a$#inister, $eli!er, gi!e aay to another, $istriute,$ispatch in transit or transport any prohiite$ $rug, or shall act as a roer in any ofsuch transactions%

&otithstan$ing the pro!isions of Section 84 of this Act to the contrary, if the !icti# of the offense is a #inor, or shoul$ a prohiite$ $rug in!ol!e$ in any offense un$er thisSection e the proi#ate cause of the $eath of a !icti# thereof, the #ai#u#penalty herein pro!i$e$ shall e i#pose$%

"Sec% @% ?aintenance of a en, i!e or Resort for 0rohiite$ rug Dsers% . 2hepenalty of reclusion perpetua to $eath an$ a fine ranging fro# fi!e hun$re$ thousan$pesos to ten #illion pesos shall e i#pose$ upon any person or group of personsho shall #aintain a $en, $i!e or resort here any prohiite$ $rug is use$ in anyfor# or here such prohiite$ $rugs in uantities specifie$ in Section 84, 0aragraph1 of this Act are foun$%

&otithstan$ing the pro!isions of Section 84 of this Act to the contrary, the #ai#u#of the penalty shall e i#pose$ in e!ery case here a prohiite$ $rug isa$#inistere$, $eli!ere$ or sol$ to a #inor ho is alloe$ to use the sa#e in suchplace%

Shoul$ a prohiite$ $rug e the proi#ate cause of the $eath of a person using thesa#e in such $en, $i!e or resort, the #ai#u# penalty herein pro!i$e$ shall ei#pose$ on the #aintainer notithstan$ing the pro!isions of Section 84 of this Act tothe contrary%

"Sec% % ?anufacture of 0rohiite$ rug% . 2he penalty of reclusion perpetua to $eathan$ fine ranging fro# fi!e hun$re$ thousan$ pesos to ten #illion pesos shall ei#pose$ upon any person ho, unless authori+e$ y la, shall engage in the

#anufacture of any prohiite$ $rug%

"Sec% >% 0ossession or Dse of 0rohiite$ rugs% . 2he penalty of reclusion perpetuato $eath an$ a fine ranging fro# fi!e hun$re$ thousan$ pesos to ten #illion pesosshall e i#pose$ upon any person ho, unless authori+e$ y la, shall possess oruse any prohiite$ $rug su*ect to the pro!isions of Section 84 hereof%



"Sec% 9% Culti!ation of 0lants hich are Sources of 0rohiite$ rugs% . 2he penalty ofreclusion perpetua to $eath an$ a fine ranging fro# fi!e hun$re$ thousan$ pesos toten #illion pesos shall e i#pose$ upon any person ho shall plant, culti!ate orculture any #e$iu# In$ian he#p, opiu# poppy (papa!er so#niferu#), or any otherplant hich is or #ay hereafter e classifie$ as $angerous $rug or fro# hich any$angerous $rug #ay e #anufacture$ or $eri!e$%

2he lan$ or portions hereof, an$<or greenhouses on hich any of sai$ plants isculti!ate$ or culture$ shall e confiscate$ an$ escheate$ to the State, unless theoner thereof can pro!e that he $i$ not no such culti!ation or culture $espite theeercise of $ue $iligence on his part%

If the lan$ in!ol!e$ in is part of the pulic $o#ain, the #ai#u# of the penaltiesherein pro!i$e$ shall e i#pose$ upon the offen$er%"

Sect!" #&. Sections 1/, 1/.A, an$ 1@ of Article III of Repulic Act &o% =/8@, as a#en$e$,non as the angerous rugs Act of 198, are herey a#en$e$ to rea$ as follos

"Sec% 1/% I#portation of Regulate$ rugs% . 2he penalty of reclusion perpetua to$eath an$ a fine ranging fro# fi!e hun$re$ thousan$ pesos to ten #illion pesos shalle i#pose$ upon any person ho, unless authori+e$ y la, shall i#port or ring anyregulate$ $rug in the 0hilippines%

"Sec% 1/.A% ?anufacture of Regulate$ rugs% . 2he penalty of reclusion perpetua to$eath an$ a fine ranging fro# fi!e hun$re$ thousan$ pesos to ten #illion pesos shalle i#pose$ upon any person ho, unless authori+e$ y la, shall engage in the#anufacture of any regulate$ $rug%

"Sec% 1@% Sale, A$#inistration, ispensation, eli!ery, 2ransportation an$istriution of Regulate$ rugs% . 2he penalty of reclusion perpetua to $eath an$ a

fine ranging fro# fi!e hun$re$ thousan$ pesos to ten #illion pesos shall e i#pose$upon any person ho, unless authori+e$ y la, shall sell, $ispense, $eli!er,transport or $istriute any regulate$ $rug%

&otithstan$ing the pro!isions of Section 84 of this Act to the contrary, if the !icti# of the offense is a #inor, or shoul$ a regulate$ $rug in!ol!e$ in any offense un$er thisSection e the proi#ate cause of the $eath of a !icti# thereof, the #ai#u#penalty herein pro!i$e$ shall e i#pose$%"

Sect!" #5. 2here shall e incorporate$ after Section 1@ of Article III of Repulic Act &o%=/8@, as a#en$e$, non as the angerous rug Act of 198, a ne section to rea$ asfollos

"Sec% [email protected]% ?aintenance of a $en, $i!e or resort for regulate$ $rug users% . 2hepenalty of reclusion perpetua to $eath an$ a fine ranging fro# fi!e hun$re$ thousan$pesos to ten #illion pesos shall e i#pose$ upon any person or group of personsho shall #aintain a $en, $i!e or resort here any regulate$ $rugs is use$ in anyfor#, or here such regulate$ $rugs in uantities specifie$ in Section 84, paragraph1 of this Act are foun$%



&otithstan$ing the pro!isions of Section 84 of this Act to the contrary, the #ai#u#penalty herein pro!i$e$ shall e i#pose$ in e!ery case here a regulate$ $rug isa$#inistere$, $eli!ere$ or sol$ to a #inor ho is alloe$ to use the sa#e in suchplace%

Shoul$ a regulate$ $rug e the proi#ate cause of the $eath of a person using the

sa#e in such $en, $i!e or resort, the #ai#u# penalty herein pro!i$e$ shall ei#pose$ on the #aintainer notithstan$ing the pro!isions of Section 84 of this Act tothe contrary%"

Sect!" #6. Section 1= of Article III of Repulic Act &o% =/8@, as a#en$e$, non as theangerous rugs Act of 198, is a#en$e$ to rea$ as follos

"Sec% 1=% 0ossession or Dse of Regulate$ rugs% . 2he penalty of reclusion perpetuato $eath an$ a fine ranging fro# fi!e hun$re$ thousan$ pesos to ten #illion pesosshall e i#pose$ upon any person ho shall possess or use any regulate$ $rugithout the correspon$ing license or prescription, su*ect to the pro!isions of Section84 hereof%"

Sect!" #7. Section 84, Article I of Repulic Act &o% =/8@, as a#en$e$, non asthe angerous rugs Act of 198, is herey a#en$e$ to rea$ as follos

Sec% 84% Application of 0enalties, Confiscation an$ 3orfeiture of the 0rocee$s orInstru#ents of the Cri#e% . 2he penalties for offenses un$er Section :, /, , > an$ 9of Article II an$ Sections 1/, 1/.A, 1@ an$ 1= of Article III of this Act shall e applie$ if the $angerous $rugs in!ol!e$ is in any of the folloing uantities

1% /4 gra#s or #ore of opiu#'

8% /4 gra#s or #ore of #orphine'

:% 844 gra#s or #ore of shau or #ethyla#pheta#ine hy$rochlori$e'

/% /4 gra#s or #ore of heroin'

@% @4 gra#s or #ore of in$ian he#p or #ari*uana'

=% @4 gra#s or #ore of #ari*uana resin or #ari*uana resin oil'

% /4 gra#s or #ore of cocaine or cocaine hy$rochlori$e' or

>% In the case of other $angerous $rugs, the uantity of hich is far eyon$

therapeutic reuire#ents, as $eter#ine$ an$ pro#ulgate$ y the angerousrugs 7oar$, after pulic consultations<hearings con$ucte$ for the purpose%

6therise, if the uantity in!ol!e$ is less than the foregoing uantities, the penaltyshall range fro# prision correccional to reclusion perpetua $epen$ing upon theuantity%

E!ery penalty i#pose$ for the unlaful i#portation, sale, a$#inistration, $eli!ery,transportation or #anufacture of $angerous $rugs, the culti!ation of plants hich are



sources of $angerous $rugs an$ the possession of any opiu# pipe an$ otherparaphernalia for $angerous $rugs shall carry ith it the confiscation an$ forfeiture,in fa!or of the -o!ern#ent, of all the procee$s of the cri#e inclu$ing ut not li#ite$to #oney an$ other otaine$ therey an$ the instru#ents or tools ith hich it asco##itte$, unless they are the property of a thir$ person not liale for the offense,ut those hich are not of laful co##erce shall e or$ere$ $estroye$ ithout $elay%

angerous $rugs an$ plant sources of such $rugs as ell as the procee$s orinstru#ents of the cri#e so confiscate$ an$ forfeite$ in fa!or of the -o!ern#ent shalle turne$ o!er to the 7oar$ for proper $isposal ithout $elay%

Any apprehen$ing or arresting officer ho #isappropriates or #isapplies or fails toaccount for sei+e$ or confiscate$ $angerous $rugs or plant.sources of $angerous$rugs or procee$s or instru#ents of the cri#e as are herein $efine$ shall aftercon!iction e punishe$ y the penalty of reclusion perpetua to $eath an$ a fineranging fro# fi!e hun$re$ thousan$ pesos to ten #illion pesos%"

Sect!" #'. 2here shall e incorporate$ after Section 84 of Repulic Act &o% =/8@, asa#en$e$, non as the angerous rugs Act of 198, a ne section to rea$ as follos

"Sec% 84.A% 0lea.argaining 0ro!isions% . Any person charge$ un$er any pro!ision ofthis Act here the i#posale penalty is reclusion perpetua to $eath shall not ealloe$ to a!ail of the pro!ision on plea argaining%"

Sect!" #9. Section 8/ of Repulic Act &o% =/8@, as a#en$e$, non as the angerousrugs Act of 198, is herey a#en$e$ to rea$ as follos

"Sec% 8/% 0enalties for -o!ern#ent 6fficial an$ E#ployees an$ 6fficers an$?e#ers of 0olice Agencies an$ the Ar#e$ 3orces, 0lanting of E!i$ence% . 2he#ai#u# penalties pro!i$e$ for Section :, /(1), @(1), =, , >, 9, 11, 18 an$ 1: of

Article II an$ Sections 1/, 1/.A, 1@(1), 1= an$ 19 of Article III shall e i#pose$, ifthose foun$ guilty of any of the sai$ offenses are go!ern#ent officials, e#ployees orofficers, inclu$ing #e#ers of police agencies an$ the ar#e$ forces%

Any such ao!e go!ern#ent official, e#ployee or officer ho is foun$ guilty of"planting" any $angerous $rugs punishe$ in Sections :, /, , >, 9 an$ 1: of Article IIan$ Sections 1/, 1/.A, 1@ an$ 1= of Article III of this Act in the person or in thei##e$iate !icinity of another as e!i$ence to i#plicate the latter, shall suffer the sa#epenalty as therein pro!i$e$%"

Sect!" $(. Sec% 1/ of Repulic Act &o% =@:9, as a#en$e$, non as the Anti.Carnapping Act of 198, is herey a#en$e$ to rea$ as follos

"Sec% 1/% 0enalty for Carnapping% . Any person ho is foun$ guilty of carnapping, as

this ter# is $efine$ in Section 2o of this Act, shall, irrespecti!e of the !alue of #otor !ehicle taen, e punishe$ y i#prison#ent for not less than fourteen years an$eight #onths an$ not #ore than se!enteen years an$ four #onths, hen thecarnapping is co##itte$ ithout !iolence or inti#i$ation of persons, or force uponthings' an$ y i#prison#ent for not less than se!enteen years an$ four #onths an$not #ore than thirty years, hen the carnapping is co##itte$ y #eans of !iolenceagainst or inti#i$ation of any person, or force upon things' an$ the penalty ofreclusion perpetua to $eath shall e i#pose$ hen the oner, $ri!er or occupant of



the carnappe$ #otor !ehicle is ille$ or rape$ in the course of the co##ission of thecarnapping or on the occasion thereof%"

Sect!" $#. Article 8 of the Re!ise$ 0enal Co$e, as a#en$e$, is herey a#en$e$ to rea$as follos

"Art% 8% Reclusion perpetua% . 2he penalty of reclusion perpetua shall e fro# tentyyears an$ one $ay to forty years%

Reclusion te#poral% . 2he penalty of reclusion te#poral shall e fro# tel!e yearsan$ one $ay to tenty years%

0rision #ayor an$ te#porary $isualification% . 2he $uration of the penalties ofprision #ayor an$ te#porary $isualification shall e fro# si years an$ one $ay totel!e years, ecept hen the penalty of $isualification is i#pose$ as an accessorypenalty, in hich case, it shall e that of the principal penalty%

0rision correccional, suspension, an$ $estierro% . 2he $uration of the penalties of

prision correccional, suspension, an$ $estierro shall e fro# si #onths an$ one $ayto si years, ecept hen the suspension is i#pose$ as an accessory penalty, inhich case, its $uration shall e that of the principal penalty%

Arresto #ayor% . 2he $uration of the penalty of arresto #ayor shall e fro# one#onth an$ one $ay to si #onths%

Arresto #enor% . 2he $uration of the penalty of arresto #enor shall e fro# one $ayto thirty $ays%

7on$ to eep the peace% . 2he on$ to eep the peace shall e reuire$ to co!ersuch perio$ of ti#e as the court #ay $eter#ine%"

Sect!" $$. Article / of the sa#e Co$e is herey a#en$e$ to rea$ as follos

Art% /% In hat cases the $eath penalty shall not e i#pose$' Auto#atic re!ie ofthe eath 0enalty Cases% . 2he $eath penalty shall e i#pose$ in all cases in hichit #ust e i#pose$ un$er eisting las, ecept hen the guilty person is eloeighteen (1>) years of age at the ti#e of the co##ission of the cri#e or is #ore thanse!enty years of age or hen upon appeal or auto#atic re!ie of the case y theSupre#e Court, the reuire$ #a*ority !ote is not otaine$ for the i#position of the$eath penalty, in hich cases the penalty shall e reclusion perpetua%

In all cases here the $eath penalty is i#pose$ y the trial court, the recor$s shall e

forar$e$ to the Supre#e Court for auto#atic re!ie an$ *u$g#ent y the Court enanc, ithin tenty (84) $ays ut not earlier than fifteen (1@) $ays after pro#ulgationof the *u$g#ent or notice of $enial of any #otion for ne trial or reconsi$eration% 2hetranscript shall also e forar$e$ ithin ten (14) $ays fro# the filing thereof y thestenographic reporter%"

Sect!" $%. Article =8 of the sa#e Co$e, as a#en$e$, is herey a#en$e$ to rea$ as follos



"Art% =8% Effects of the atten$ance of #itigating or aggra!ating circu#stances an$ ofhaitual $elinuency% . ?itigating or aggra!ating circu#stances an$ haitual$elinuency shall e taen into account for the purpose of $i#inishing or increasingthe penalty in confor#ity ith the folloing rules

1% Aggra!ating circu#stances hich in the#sel!es constitute a cri#e specially

punishale y la or hich are inclu$e$ y the la in $efining a cri#e an$prescriing the penalty therefor shall not e taen into account for the purpose ofincreasing the penalty%

1(a)% When in the co##ission of the cri#e, a$!antage as taen y the offen$er ofhis pulic position, the penalty to e i#pose$ shall e in its #ai#u# regar$less of#itigating circu#stances%

2he #ai#u# penalty shall e i#pose$ if the offense as co##itte$ y any groupho elongs to an organi+e$<syn$icate$ cri#e group%

An organi+e$<syn$icate$ cri#e group #eans a group of to or #ore persons

collaorating, confe$erating or #utually helping one another for purposes of gain inthe co##ission of any cri#e%

8% 2he sa#e rule shall apply ith respect to any aggra!ating circu#stances inherentin the cri#e to such a $egree that it #ust of necessity acco#pany the co##issionthereof%

:% Aggra!ating or #itigating circu#stances hich arise fro# the #oral attriutes ofthe offen$er, or fro# his pri!ate relations ith the offen$e$ party, or fro# any otherpersonal cause, shall only ser!e to aggra!ate or #itigate the liaility of the principals,acco#plices an$ accessories as to ho# such circu#stances are atten$ant%

/% 2he circu#stances hich consist in the #aterial eecution of the act, or in the#eans e#ploye$ to acco#plish it, shall ser!e to aggra!ate or #itigate the liaility ofthose persons only ho ha$ nole$ge of the# at the ti#e of the eecution of theact or their cooperation therein%

@% Haitual $elinuency shall ha!e the folloing effects

(a) Dpon a thir$ con!iction the culprit shall e sentence$ to the penaltypro!i$e$ y la for the last cri#e of hich he e foun$ guilty an$ to thea$$itional penalty of prision correccional in its #e$iu# an$ #ai#u#perio$s'

() Dpon a fourth con!iction, the culprit shall e sentence$ to the penaltypro!i$e$ for the last cri#e of hich he e foun$ guilty an$ to the a$$itionalpenalty of prision #ayor in its #ini#u# an$ #e$iu# perio$s' an$

(c) Dpon a fifth or a$$itional con!iction, the culprit shall e sentence$ to thepenalty pro!i$e$ for the last cri#e of hich he e foun$ guilty an$ to thea$$itional penalty of prision #ayor in its #ai#u# perio$ to reclusionte#poral in its #ini#u# perio$%



&otithstan$ing the pro!isions of this article, the total of the to penalties toe i#pose$ upon the offen$er, in confor#ity hereith, shall in no caseecee$ :4 years%

3or purposes of this article, a person shall e $ee#e$ to e a haitual$elinuent, if ithin a perio$ of ten years fro# the $ate of his release or last

con!iction of the cri#es of serious or less serious physical in*uries, roo,hurto, estafa or falsification, he is foun$ guilty of any of sai$ cri#es a thir$ti#e or oftener%

Sect!" $&. Article >1 of the sa#e Co$e, as a#en$e$, is herey a#en$e$ to rea$ as follos

"Art% >1% When an$ ho the $eath penalty is to e eecute$% . 2he $eath sentenceshall e eecute$ ith preference to any other an$ shall consist in putting the personun$er sentence to $eath y electrocution% 2he $eath sentence shall e eecute$un$er the authority of the irector of 0risons, en$ea!oring so far as possile to#itigate the sufferings of the person un$er the sentence $uring electrocution as ell

as $uring the procee$ings prior to the eecution%

If the person un$er sentence so $esires, he shall e anaestheti+e$ at the #o#ent ofthe eecution%

As soon as facilities are pro!i$e$ y the 7ureau of 0risons, the #etho$ of carryingout the sentence shall e change$ to gas poisoning%

2he $eath sentence shall e carrie$ out not later than one (1) year after the *u$g#enthas eco#e final%"

Sect!" $5. Article >: of the sa#e Co$e is herey a#en$e$ to rea$ as follos

"Art% >:% Suspension of the eecution of the $eath sentence% . 2he $eath sentenceshall not e inflicte$ upon a o#an hile she is pregnant or ithin one (1) year after$eli!ery, nor upon any person o!er se!enty years of age% In this last case, the $eathsentence shall e co##ute$ to the penalty of reclusion perpetua ith the accessorypenalties pro!i$e$ in Article /4%

In all cases here the $eath sentence has eco#e final, the recor$s of the case shalle forar$e$ i##e$iately y the Supre#e Court to the 6ffice of the 0resi$ent forpossile eercise of the par$oning poer%"

Sect!" $6.FG"" pG""

Sect!" $7. If, for any reason or reasons, any part of the pro!ision of this Act shall e hel$ toe unconstitutional or in!ali$, other parts or pro!isions hereof hich are not affecte$ thereyshall continue to e in full force an$ effect%

Sect!" $'. 2his Act shall tae effect fifteen (1@) $ays after its pulication in to (8) nationalnespapers of general circulation% 2he pulication shall not e later than se!en () $aysafter the appro!al hereof%



Appro!e$ ece#er 1:, 199:

I)*e+ ). S-" Pe+! G.R. N!. #7$7#6 N!)e/0e+ #7, $(#(

B** !1 R23t I)*e+ ). S-" Pe+!G.R. N!. #7$7#6N!)e/0e+ #7, $(#(

FACTS:

Following a vehicular collision in August 2004, petitioner Jason Ivler(petitioner) was charged before the Metropolitan rial !ourt of "asig !it# (M!), withtwo separate o$enses% (&) 'ecless Iprudence 'esulting in *light "h#sical In+uriesfor in+uries sustained b# respondent vangeline -. "once (respondent "once)/ and (2)'ecless Iprudence 'esulting in oicide and 1aage to "ropert# for the death of respondent "onces husband 3estor !. "once and daage to the spouses "onces

vehicle.

"etitioner posted bail for his teporar# release in both cases. n 2004,petitioner pleaded guilt# to the charge on the 5rst delict and was eted out thepenalt# of public censure. Invoing this conviction, petitioner oved to 6uash theInforation for the second delict for placing hi in +eopard# of second punishentfor the sae o$ense of recless iprudence.

he M! refused 6uashal, 5nding no identit# of o$enses in the two cases.

he petitioner elevated the atter to the 'egional rial !ourt of "asig !it#('!), in a petition for certiorari while Ivler sought fro the M! the suspension of proceedings in criinal case, including the arraignent his arraignent as a

pre+udicial 6uestion.

7ithout acting on petitioners otion, the M! proceeded with thearraignent and, because of petitioners absence, cancelled his bail and ordered hisarrest.

*even da#s later, the M! issued a resolution den#ing petitioners otion tosuspend proceedings and postponing his arraignent until after his arrest. "etitionersought reconsideration but as of the 5ling of this petition, the otion reainedunresolved.

ISS!S:

&. 7hether petitioner forfeited his standing to see relief fro his petition forcertiorari when the M! ordered his arrest following his non8appearance at thearraignent in 'ecless Iprudence 'esulting in *light "h#sical In+uries for in+uriessustained b# respondent/ and

2. 7hether petitioners constitutional right under the 1ouble Jeopard# !lausebars further proceedings in 'ecless Iprudence 'esulting in oicide and 1aageto "ropert# for the death of respondent "onces husband.

%#I&G:



he accused negative constitutional right not to be 9twice put in +eopard# of punishent for the sae o$ense9 protects hi fro, aong others, post8convictionprosecution for the sae o$ense, with the prior verdict rendered b# a court of copetent +urisdiction upon a valid inforation.

"etitioner adopts the a:rative view, subitting that the two cases concernthe sae o$ense of recless iprudence. he M! ruled otherwise, 5nding that'ecless Iprudence 'esulting in *light "h#sical In+uries is an entirel# separateo$ense fro 'ecless Iprudence 'esulting in oicide and 1aage to "ropert# 9asthe ;latter< re6uires proof of an additional fact which the other does not.9

he two charges against petitioner, arising fro the sae facts, wereprosecuted under the sae provision of the 'evised "enal !ode, as aended,nael#, Article =>? de5ning and penali@ing 6uasi8o$enses.

he provisions contained in this article shall not be applicable. Indeed, thenotion that 6uasi8o$enses, whether recless or siple, are distinct species of crie,separatel# de5ned and penali@ed under the fraewor of our penal laws, is nothingnew.

he doctrine that recless iprudence under Article =>? is a single 6uasi8o$ense b# itself and not erel# a eans to coit other cries such that convictionor ac6uittal of such 6uasi8o$ense bars subse6uent prosecution for the sae 6uasi8o$ense, regardless of its various resulting acts, undergirded this !ourts unbroenchain of +urisprudence on double +eopard# as applied to Article =>?.

hese cases uniforl# barred the second prosecutions as constitutionall#iperissible under the 1ouble Jeopard# !lause.

ur ruling toda# secures for the accused facing an Article =>? charge astronger and sipler protection of their constitutional right under the 1ouble

Jeopard# !lause. rue, the# are thereb# denied the bene5cent e$ect of the favorable

sentencing forula under Article 4, but an# disadvantage thus caused is ore thancopensated b# the certaint# of non8prosecution for 6uasi8crie e$ects 6ualif#ing as9light o$enses9 (or, as here, for the ore serious conse6uence prosecuted belatedl#).If it is so inded, !ongress can re8craft Article =>? b# eBtending to 6uasi8cries thesentencing forula of Article 4 so that onl# the ost severe penalt# shall beiposed under a single prosecution of all resulting acts, whether penali@ed as grave,less grave or light o$enses. his will still eep intact the distinct concept of 6uasi8o$enses. Meanwhile, the lenient schedule of penalties under Article =>?, be5ttingcries occup#ing a lower rung of culpabilit#, should cushion the e$ect of this ruling.

"etition granted.

Jacinto v People

Petitioner had been convicted of qualified theft and is now seeking for a reversal of the decision.



Facts%

Jacinto along with Calencia and !apite was charged with 6uali5ed theftfor having stole and deposited a chec with aount of &0,000 php.*uch chec was issued b# Dab# A6uino for pa#ent of her purchases

fro Mega Foa, but the chec bounced.

1#hengco found out about the theft and 5led a coplaint with the 3DI.An entrapent operation was conducted, with the use of ared bills. he entrapent was a success and the petitioner along with her co8accused was arrested.

Issue%

7hether this can contistute as an ipossible crie and not as 6uali5edtheft.

eld%

his constitutes as an ipossible crie.

he re6uistites of an ipossible crie are%

&. that the act perfored would be an o$ense against persons orpropert# ( all acts to consuate the crie of 6uali5ed theftwas consuated8crie against propert#)

2. that the act was done with evil intent (ere of unlawful taingshowed intent to gain)

=. that is accoplishent inherentl# ipossible or the eanseplo#ed was either inade6uate or ine$ectual8or the eBtraneouscircustances that constituted it as factual ipossibilit# (the factthat the chec bounced)

-egal ipossibilit# occurs where the intended acts, even if copleted,would not aount to a crie. (ipossibilit# of illing a dead person)

Factual ipossibilit#8 when eBtraneous circustances unnown to theactor or be#ond his control prevent consuation of the intendedcrie. (-ie the eBaple in the case of Intod% a an puts his hand onthe coat pocet of another with intent to steal but gets nothing sincethe pocet is ept#)



Fro the tie petitioner too possession of the chec eant for MegaFoa, *he had perfored all the acts to consuate the crie oftheft, had it not been ipossible of accoplishent in this case.

'eplaceent for the chec was no longer necessar# for the

consuation of the crie since the crie of theft is not a continuingo$ense, petitioners act of receiving the cash replaceent should notbe considered as a continuation of theft. he fact that the petitionerwas caught receiving the ared one# was erel# corroboratingevidence to strengthen of her intent to gain.

people vs gaffud

Documents