1

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF BLDC MOTOR USING

INTELLIGENT CONTROLLER

C.MohanaPriya

EEE, Paavai

Engineering College

Paavai Engineering

College, ICETM215

Namakkal, India

mohanapriyasweeti@

gmail.com

N.Prasidha Devi

EEE, Paavai

Engineering College

Paavai Engineering

College, ICETM215

Namakkal, India

prasidhandevi@gmail

.com

C.Suruthy

EEE, Paavai

Engineering College

Paavai Engineering

College, ICETM215

Namakkal, India

Suruthydharshini24@

gmail.com

D.Murugesan

Assistant Professor,

EEE, Paavai

Engineering College

Paavai Engineering

College, ICETM215

Namakkal, India

pgiece@paavai.edu.in

ABSTRACT

Nowadays BLDC machines electrically satisfying as

a core conformation Electrical engineering .This

paper deliver the analysis of dissimilar parameters

which are direct to run the Brushless Direct Current

(BLDC) motor at surpass speed. Various BLDC

motor parameters have been analyzed in modern

years due to growing demand precede to further

innovations. The active characteristics of BLDC

motor (speed and torque) and as well as current and

voltages are gently observed and analyzed by using

intelligent controller and MATLAB/SIMULINK. A

simple algorithm is used to calculate motor speed

incidentally by the software. Finally analysis has

been designed on the basis of characteristics of stator

currents, rotor speed and electromagnetic torque. The

modeling of intelligent controller and simulation of

BLDC motor is done using MATLAB/SIMULINK.

From these results, it yield the predictability of a new

system that increase the convenience to the require.

The study Pointouts the paucity that has to be better.

The preamble of a sophisticated coordination can

overcome this and will be talented to afford a finest

recital to our electrical engineering.

KEY WORDS: BLDC motor, Arduino DIP, H-

Bridge inverter, opto isolator.

I INTRODUCTION

Predictable DC motors have many properties such as

high efficiency and narrow torque-speed

characteristics. The control of DC motor is also

harmless and does not need much composite

hardware. However, the chief drawback of the dc

motor is the necessity of fixed maintenance. The

Brushes of the mechanical commutator eventually

wear out and need to be refund. The mechanical

commutator has other undesirable effects such as

sparks, acoustic noise and carbon particles coming

from the brushes. With sharp developments in power

electronics, power semiconductor technologies,

modern control theory for motors and manufacturing

technology for high performance magnetic materials,

the Brushless DC (BLDC) motors have been widely

used in many applications. BLDC Motor have many

benefit over conventional DC motors like: Long

operating life, High dynamic response, High

efficiency, Better Speed vs. Torque characteristic,

Noiseless operation ,Higher speed range and Higher

Torque-Weight ratio. Due to high power to weight

rate, high torque, excellent dynamic control for

changeable speed applications, withdrawal of brushes

and commutator make Brushless DC (BLDC) motor

[1], best option for high performance applications.

Due to the withdrawal of brushes and commutator

there is no Problem of mechanical wear of the

shifting parts [2], [3]. As well, better heat dissipation

property and capacity to work at high speeds [4-5]

make them top-sawyer to the conventional dc

machine. However, the BLDC motor constitutes a

more difficult problem than its brushed counterpart in

terms of modelling and control system design due to

its several-input nature and conjugated nonlinear

dynamics. Due to the simplicity in their control,

Permanent-magnet brushless dc motors are more

accepted and necessity in high-performance

applications. A BLDC Motor is a permanent magnet

synchronous motor that uses position detectors and

an inverter to control the armature currents. Its

armature is in the stator and the magnets are on the

rotor and its operating characteristic favor those of a

DC motor [1]. Instead of worn a mechanical

commutator as in the conventional DC Motor [2-3],

the BLDC motor engage electronic commutation

which makes it a virtually maintenance free. The

BLDC motor is driven by DC voltage but current

2

commutation is done by solid-state switches. The

commutation instants are resolved by the rotor

position and the position of the rotor is resolute either

by position sensors like Hall sensor, position encoder

and resolver etc [1].or by sensorless techniques.

There are two main types of BLDC Motors:

Trapezoidal type and Sinusoidal type. The

trapezoidal motor is a more pleasing alternative for

most applications due to its easiness,lower price and

higher efficiency. Here State-Space based trapezoidal

back emf motor has been taken for modelling and

simulation in MATLAB/SIMULINK[11].

This paper elucidate introduction and principle of

operation of the BLDC motor is explained.

Mathematical modelling of three phase BLDC motor

is deliver and motor performance analysis of BLDC

motor such as speed/torque, input power, input

current, efficiency etc. This paper also includes the

characteristics which have been drawn between load

torque, current, back emf, speed etc. using MATLAB

package. Finally conclusion, future scope and

references are added at the end.

II ARDUNIO

The advance application in model based design is to

build the abstract representation (model) of

application in a modelling language and then obtain

the implementation in a prospectus phraseology

automatically using code generator. Model based

design is the procees that empower fast and cost-

effective development of dynamic systems, in

conjunction with control systems, signal processing

and communication systems. In model based design,

a system model is at the core of the development

process, from requirements growth through design,

implementation and testing. The simulation-based

approach propose a better understanding of design

alternatives and trade – off than traditional hardware

prototype based design methodologies, enabling to

optimize the design to proper predefined performance

criteria. Rather than using complex structure and

wide software code, designers can explain models

with advanced functional characteristics using

unbroken time and discrete time building block.

Existing C code can be integrated with standard

control libraries blocks to improve design efficiency.

The purpose of this paper is to implement control

strategies of BLDC motor through model based

designs.

Figure.2 Arduino communication BLDC motor

and computer

III BLOCK DIAGRAM

Ac supply is converted into Dc supply by using

Analog to Digital Converter(ADC)and then it is

given to the motor and arduino. The motor begins to

run and after the flux and speed of the motor is

sensed by using sensors.Then the sensed speed and

fiux is given to the Arduino.With the help of LCD

display the values of the charecterstics of the BLDC

motor is displayed.

Figure.1.Block diagram of BLDC motor using

intelligent controller

IV Mathematical Modelling:

BLDC motor which is design in this paper is a 3

phase 4 pole motor. A synchronous machine with

Permanent magnet rotor can also be study as BLDC

motor and the only difference is the rotor erection

due to which the dynamic characteristics of the

machine turn and the three phase voltage source is

fed to the motor. A sinusoidal square wave is not

necessarily used as source or the other wave shape

can also be used but it should not exceed the

maximum voltage limits. The design equations for

the armature winding are as attend

𝑉𝑎 = 𝑅𝑖𝑎 + 𝐿𝑑𝑖𝑎/𝑑𝑡 (1)

𝑉𝑏 = 𝑅𝑖𝑏 + 𝐿𝑑𝑖𝑏/𝑑𝑡 (2)

3

𝑉𝑐 = 𝑅𝑖𝑐 + 𝐿𝑑𝑖𝑐/𝑑𝑡 (3)

Where

L-armature self-induction in [H]

R-armature resistance in [Ω]

Va, Vb, Vc –terminal phase voltage in [V]

ia, ib, ic-motor input current in [A]

ea, eb, ec-motor back-Emf in [V]

Back-Emf of each phase has a phase difference of

120 electrical degrees and back- Emf and rotor

condition are related

Via some performance. Equation of each phase for

back-Emf is as attend:-

𝑒a= (𝜃𝑒) 𝜔 (4)

𝑒b= (𝜃𝑒 − 2𝜋/3) (5)

𝑒c= (𝜃𝑒+2𝜋/3) (6)

Where

Kw - back-Emf constant of one phase [V/rads-1]

Θe- rotor angle in electrical degree

ω- Rotor speed [rad.S-1]

Rotor angel electrical [𝜃e] and Rotor angle

mechanical [𝜃m] are related as:-

𝜃𝑒 = 𝑃/2𝜃𝑚 (7)

Where

P is the no of poles on rotor

Thus the total electromagnetic torque Te in N-M can

be expressed as follows:-

𝑇e = (𝑒𝑎𝑖𝑎+𝑒𝑏𝑖𝑏+𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑐)/ 𝜔 (8)

The mechanical torque transferred to the motor

shaft:-

𝑇𝑒 − 𝑇𝑙= 𝐽𝑑𝑤/𝑑𝑡+ 𝐵𝜔 (9)

Where

Tl = load torque [N-M]

J= inertia of the rotor shaft [Kgm2]

B = friction constant [Nms.rads-1]

V MATLAB/SIMULINK& MODEL

The capital design of the three phase BLDC motor

which is framed using Matlab/Simulink in conformity

with mathematical design proceed previously. This

Model consists of four sub wall named as BLDC

wall, Inverter wall, controller and subsystem 1 for

gate signal. The feedback of real speed is inclined to

the arduino DIP controller along with reference

speed. This controller regulate duty cycle of the

power electronics devices such as MOSFET, IGBT

etc.

Figure.3.Matlab simulation

VI PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF

BLDC MOTOR WITH

MATLAB/SIMULINK

Phase currents

The character of phase currents ia. ib and ic is

examine in this division. Phase currents are

sinusoidal in character and there is phase variation of

1200 between each other. Phase current waveforms

for three phase BLDC motor.

Figure.4.Phase current Waveform of BLDC motor

Speed/Time characteristics

Here appeal speed is taken as 3000 rpm, the motor

gain the appeal speed at t=0.14s and remains constant

afterwards. In this control require speed of the motor

is perform very smoothly and this gives fundamental

intention and instruction around the speed control of

the BLDC motor for several applications. This

feature is very essential constituent for designing

BLDC a motor drive system for speed control

applications.

4

Figure 5.Speed/Time characteristics with close

loop.

Torque/time characteristics

The torque characteristics of BLDC motor deliver a

very essential factor in sketch of the BLDC motor

drive system, so it is essential to foretell the exact

value of torque, which is determined by the

waveforms of back emf. Torque/time characteristics

of BLDC motor with no load, as the speed extent to

its steady state position at t=0.1s torque conquer and

remain permanent. The starting torque of the motor is

high at the time of starting of motor.

Figure 6.Torque/time characteristics

VII CONCLUSIONS

The present circumstances in electrical engineering

are in a diversified approach. Brushless dc motors is

more formal usage in high-production applications

since of their higher ability using low inertia

machines, higher torque in low-speed range, high

power density, low Maintenance and less rumor than

other motors. In this paper BLDC motor

mathematical model is improved. Finally the

achievement of BLDC motor is analysed by using

Matlab/Simulink and Modelling results are instant.

The parameters of BLDC motor instant a very

essential factor in sketch of the BLDC motor drive

system, so it is necessary to predict the exact values

of all the parameters, which is resolved by the

waveforms. In future IOT method can be implanted

istead of using MATLAB/SIMULINK for better

analysing the performance of BLDC motor.

Table.1. Comparison of BLDC motor

using various parameters

Analysis of parameters

Method Author Year Improvement

Simulati

on of

Three

Phase

BLDC

Motor

Using

Matlab /

Simulink

ShivrajSDud

he,Archana

G Thosar

2014 Motor

operation in

four quadrants

by using

Matlab and

sensor less

control

techniques

could also be

implemented.

Using

different

control

strategies on

real BLDC

motor by

Matlab.

Sensored

And

Sensorles

s Drive

Using

Dc/Dc

Converte

r

shardajaiswal

,

debjyotichow

dhury,

madhurima

chattopadhya

y

2014 The simulation

results

obtained in

this paper can

be used to

develop real

time circuitry

Microco

ntroller

G.SanthoshK

umar,

S.Arockia

Edwin

Xavier

2015 Hardware will

be

implemented

in dSPACE

and the speed

control will be

observed.

Dc-Dc

Boost

Converte

r For

Bldc

Motor

Driven

Hybrid

Vehicle

YathrasiSree

Harsha,.Raja

shekar,

K.SaikiranS.

K.Monisutha

n

2016 A proper

manufacturing

and cost

analysis can

make the

vehicle a

major break

through the

results.

Speed

Control

Dinesh

Kumar,

2017 Hardware will

be

5

Of

BLDC

Motor

Using

Arduino

Maroof Ali implemented

in this speed

control will be

obtained.

Design

And

Impleme

ntation

Of

Bridgeles

s-cuk

Converte

r For

Controlle

Motor

Shaik Fareed

Ahmed,

K.Iyswarya

Annapoorani

and S. Ravi

2016 Hardware will

be

implemented

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