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Performance Measurement Protocol (PMP)

for Commercial Buildings

Acoustics in High Performance Buildings

Presented By:

Curt Eichelberger, P.E.Sr. Staff Engineer, Acoustics & VibrationBuilding Efficiency

Johnson Controls

631 South Richland Avenue

York, PA 17403

[email protected]

ASHRAE Winter Conference

Orlando, Florida1/24/2010


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ASHRAEisaRegisteredProviderwithTheAmericanInstituteofArchitectsContinuingEducation

Systems.

Credit

earned

on

completion

of

this

program

will

be

reported

to

ASHRAE

Records

for

AIA

members. CertificatesofCompletionfornonAIAmembersareavailableonrequest.

This

program

is

registered

with

the

AIA/ASHRAE

for

continuing

professional

education.

As

such,

it

does

not

include

content

that

may

be

deemed

or

construed

to

be

an

approval

or

endorsement

by

the

AIA

of

any

material

of

construction

or

any

method

or

manner

of

handling,

using,

distributing,

or

dealing

in

any

material

or

product.

Questions

related

to

specific

materials,

methods,

and

services

will

be

addressed

at

the

conclusion

of

this

presentation.

LearningObjectivesforSeminar#1

To understand acoustic measurement protocols for the operationalperformance measurement of occupied commercial buildings.

How to take noise measurements in a room.

To understand how to benchmark the acoustic performance of green

buildings. To communicate a basic understanding of the acoustical measurements

used in the three levels of the PMP.

How to use the Innovation in Design Credit process for application to

superior acoustic design and performance.

How standard architectural design currently performs relative to the

occupants perception of acoustic satisfaction in buildings.


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Buildings in the US, Europe and most

developed economies are responsible for

over 40% of national energy use.

Focus on energy conservation has

created an intense interest in the design and

operation of high performance buildings.

First voluntary USGBC LEED GreenBuilding Rating System launched 2000.

Background

Performance Measurement Protocol (PMP) for Commercial Bui ldings


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Many buildings which are claimed to be low energy, or high performance

have no evidence to support these claims.

Major credibility gap between design intent and the reality of everydayoperation of many of high-performance buildings.

Claims of high performance designs cannot be credible without standardized

protocols for the assessment of building performance.

Claims of better management of buildings, and hence reduced operating

costs, requires better measurements of their performance.

What is our Experience with High Performance Buildings ?

In summary: you cant manage what you cant measure.In summary: you cant manage what you cant measure.



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Of all the interior environmental quality (IEQ) factors surveyed in over

300 buildings by the CBE , the factor with the greatest occupant

dissatisfaction is acoustic performance, which includes both noise and

speech privacy related issues.

We are compromising worker comfort and productivity for energy

efficiency.

What about the Acoustics Experience of High Performance Buildings ?



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In the spring of 2005 the USGBC approached ASHRAE to develop

performance measurement protocols for buildings.

ASHRAE responded with SP115 within Technology Council,

overseen by the Building Performance Metrics Steering Committee.

In August 2007, ASHRAE completed a survey of over 400

documents, with the help of expert interviews, to determine their

relevance to measurement protocols.

In February 2008, ASHRAE formed a committee of industry

experts to develop Performance Measurement Protocols (PMP)

document.

Today, a final draft of the PMP is with the ASHRAE SpecialPublications editorial staff. It will likely be published in Feb. or March,

2010.

What is ASHRAEs Response to this Situation ?



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Cooperative effort between:

American Society of Heating, Refr igerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers

U.S. Green Bui lding Counci l (USGBC)

Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE)

International focus, with experts and representation from many countries.

The purpose of the PMP is to provide standardized protocols for measuring

energy use, water use, and indoor environmental quality (IEQ: thermal comfort,indoor air quality - IAQ, lighting, acoustics).

Scope restricted to the performance of occupied commercial buildings.

Target audience is building owners, operators and designers.

Later versions are likely to become an ASHRAE Guideline or Standard.

What is the Performance Measurement Protocol (PMP) ?



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Six performance categories are covered:

Energy

WaterThermal comfort

IAQ

LightingAcoustics

What should be measured ?



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For each category the following are provided:

What is to be measuredHow it is to be measured

Where it is to be measured

How often it is to be measured

Benchmarks to evaluate the results

The measurement protocol include both subjective measures (e.g., occupant

surveys), and objective (physical) measures

What should be measured ?



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Each of the six measurement categories are developed at three levels, with a

hierarchy of low, medium and high cost and accuracy

Level 1 (Basic) protocols are simple, low cost, measures

Level 2 (Intermediate) provides further data on performance.

Level 3 (Advanced) offers a very detailed analysis & diagnostics.

A Three layered approach recognizes economic realities



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Acoustic performance requirements depend on the types of activities that

occupants engage in during their time spent in these spaces. Examples:

Open off ice planPrivate offices

Classrooms

Hospital examination rooms

Theaters

Hotel rooms

In most commercial buildings, the key issues relate to worker productivity and

confidentiality of sensitive information.

In hotels and motels, the key issues relate to sleeping conditions and inter-roomprivacy.

IEQ Acoustics



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Overview of Acoustic Measures and Concerns

Measures Comments Concerns

BASIC

Annoyance

Study and work performanceSleep and relaxation

Speech privacy and

Speech communication

ADVANCED

INTERMED

IATE

Survey of the A-weighted sound

pressure level in the occupied spaces,Leq in dB(A)

Simple evaluation of background noise from

internal HVAC equipment and intrudingnoise from outside HVAC equipment and

transportation noise sources, such as

highway traffic, rail vehicles and aircraft.

Annoyance

Study and work performance

Sleep and relaxation

Listening conditions

Privacy

Annoyance

Study and work performance

Listening conditionsPrivacy

Speech privacy and communication

(AI, PI, SII, and STI)

For special purpose room uses such as

some open office plans, lecture halls,

classrooms, places of worship and

performing arts facilities.

Sound isolation

(NIC, IIC, DnT ,w and L'nT ,w).

Isolation from outside noise by the building

envelope, and sound/vibration isolation

between interior rooms.

Accurate assessment of the

background sound in occupied spaces,

Leqin dB in Octave Bands.

Comparison with single number ratings

such as NC, RC and NCB, based on a

more accurate analysis of the sound qualityby room use.

Reverberation time (T60) General assessment of speech

communication issues.

Table 1-1. Overview of the acoust ic concerns and the methods of measuring the

acoustic performance in commercial buildings as a function of the use of the space.



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The Basic protocol is a simple survey to assess the acoustic annoyance that

would affect study and work performance, as well as sleep and relaxation.

an occupant survey to identify acoustical problems in the building

a survey of the A-weighted sound pressure level Leq in dB(A)

The Intermediate protocol is an accurate assessment of the background

noise and reverberation time in a room. The objective is to assess acoustic

annoyance that would affect study and work performance, as well as speechcommunication and listening conditions.

theAdvanced protocol is an accurate assessment of speech privacy and

sound isolation for special applications or designs that claim to meet high levels

of acoustic performance.

Overview of Three Levels of Performance Measures - Acoustics



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