periodicity properties

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PERIODICITY PROPERTIES OF ELEMENTS

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Page 1: Periodicity properties

PERIODICITY PROPERTIES OF ELEMENTS

Page 2: Periodicity properties

PERIODICITY PROPETIES OF ELEMENTS

1. Atomic Radius ( Jari Atom )2. Electron Affinity ( Afinitas Elektron )3. Ionization Energy ( Energi Ionisasi )4. Electronegativity

( Keelektronegatifan )5. Metallic Properties ( Logam & Non-

Logam)6. Reactivity ( Kereaktifan )7. Boiling & Melting Point (Titik Didih

& Leleh)

Chemical Properties

Physical Properties

Page 3: Periodicity properties

Atomic Radius

Nuclei

Outermost Shell

Atomic Radius

Atomic Radius is the distance between outermost electron (valence electron) to the nuclei of the atom

Page 4: Periodicity properties

Atomic Radius

Increases from right to left

Incr

ease

s fr

om

up t

o b

ott

om

Page 5: Periodicity properties

Atomic Radius

+3 2e 1e

K L

+11 2e 8e

K L M

1e

3Li

11Na

+4 2e 2e

K L

+12 2e 8e

K L M

2e

4Be

12Mg

Group IA Group IIA

Period 2

Period 3

Page 6: Periodicity properties

Ionization Energy

Ionization Energy is the energy required to lose the electron in forming positive ion

Page 7: Periodicity properties

Ionization Energy

+3 2e 1e

K L

+11 2e 8e

K L M

1e

3Li

11Na

Group IA

Period 2

Period 3

Gaya tarik inti terhadap elektron valensi kuat sehingga elektron valensi sukar dilepaskan ( IE >> )

Gaya tarik inti terhadap elektron valensi lemah sehingga elektron valensi mudah dilepaskan( IE << )

Page 8: Periodicity properties

H

Be

B

C

N

O

F

Mg

Al

Si

PS

Cl

Ionization Energy

Page 9: Periodicity properties

Atom berelektron banyak dapat kehilangan satu, dua, atau lebih elektronnya.

Energi yang diperlukan untuk melepaskan elektron kedua, ketiga dan seterusnya disebut energi ionisasi kedua, ketiga dan seterusnya

Example :

Points to Note

IE 1 : Be(g) + 899 kJ Be+ (g) + e

IE 2 : Be+ (g) + 1.757 kJ Be2+

(g) + e

IE 3 : Be2+ (g) + 14.848 kJ Be3+

(g) + e

IE 4 : Be3+ (g) + 21.006 kJ Be4+

(g) + e

Valence Electron

Page 10: Periodicity properties

Successive Ionization Energies

Page 11: Periodicity properties

Electron Affinity

Electron Affinity is the energy involved by an atom in gas form, after it accepts an electron to form negative ion, ex :

Cl( g) + e Cl- (g) H = -349 kJ/mol

Cl( g) + e Cl- (g) + 349 kJ/mol

Mean : • Jika 1 mol atom Cl menangkap 1 mol elektron

membentuk 1 mol ion Cl-, dilepaskan energi sebesar 349 kJ (dalam bentuk kalor)

Point to Note - = easy to accept electron (energy realized)+ = difficult to accept electron (energy accepted)

Page 12: Periodicity properties

Electron Affinity

increases from left to right

Incr

ease

s fr

om b

ottom

to u

p

Page 13: Periodicity properties

Electronegativity

Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract electrons to its self in a bond

Page 14: Periodicity properties

Electronegativity

Pauling’s electronegativity scale

The higher the value, the more electronegative the element

Fluorine is the most electronegative element It has an electronegativity value of 4.0

Page 15: Periodicity properties

Pauling’s electronegativity scaleH

2.1He-

Li1.0

Be1.5

B2.0

C2.5

N3.0

O3.5

F4.0

Ne-

Na0.9

Mg1.2

Al1.5

Si1.8

P2.1

S2.5

Cl3.0

Ar-

increases from left to right

Incr

ease

s fr

om b

ottom

to u

p

Electronegativity

Page 16: Periodicity properties

Metallic Properties

Page 17: Periodicity properties

Metals versus Nonmetals

Page 18: Periodicity properties

ReactivityReactivity depends on the tendency an element to lose and accept electron in forming a compound

The most reactivity metal is Group IA (Alkali)

The most reactivity non-metal is Group VIIA (Halogen)

META

L

Non

-M

ETA

L

Page 19: Periodicity properties

NO

N -

META

L

META

L

Boiling & Melting Point

Page 20: Periodicity properties

Boiling & Melting Point

Metal (IA –IIIA) Titik didih dan titik lelehnya diperngaruhi

kekuatan ikatan logam Kekuatan ikatan logam ditentukan oleh jumlah

elektron valensi

E.Val >> ikatan logam kuat Tb dan Tm >>

Page 21: Periodicity properties

Boiling & Melting Point

Non Metal (VA –VIIA) Titik didih dan titik lelehnya dipengaruhi oleh

wujud dan Ar

Ar >> Tb dan Tm >>

Semi Metal (IV) Titik didih dan titik leleh paling puncak karena

molekul raksasa

Page 22: Periodicity properties

Boiling & Melting Point

Non Metal Titik didih dan titik lelehnya dipengaruhi oleh Ar

Ar >> Tb dan Tm >>

Metal Titik didih dan titik leleh dipengaruhi oleh jari –

jari atom

r >> ikatan logam lemah Tb dan Tm <<