permanent real-time full wellbore flow monitoring using ... · pdf filewellbore flow...

© Copyright OptaSense Ltd. 2015

Permanent real-time full wellbore flow monitoring using distributed fibre-optic sensingDavid Hill, CTO6th September 2015


Agenda

• WhatisDistributedAcousticSensing(DAS)?• FlowmeasurementsusingDAS• Permanentflowmonitoring• Lessonlearned• Furtherdevelopments• Summary


What is Distributed Acoustic Sensing?


The Principles of DAS

• DistributedAcousticSensing(DAS)providescontinuousacousticmeasurementsalongtheentireopticalfibre:

Thefibreisthesensor

The Fibre Is The Sensor

Asingleopticalfibre canreplacehundredsorthousandsoftraditionalsingle-pointsensors


Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS)How does it work

• CoherentOTDR– Coherentpulsepropagatesalong

thefibre– Tinydensity fluctuations frozeninto

fibreduringmanufacture→actasscattersites

– Scatteredlight iscapturedandtravelsbacktowarddetector

– Detectiontimedirectlymapstolocation

– Detectedintensityisafunctionofthelocalpropertiesofthewaveguide


Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS)How does it work

• Coherentscatterpatternremainsconstantonsuccessivepings

• Vibrationfromanacousticsourcemodulatesthefiberandhencethescatterpattern

• Ahistoryofthenatureofacousticsourceasafunctionofpositionmaybedetermined


Integrated Well Surveillance Using DASOne sensor … multiple applications … applied over the life of the well

ProductionCompletions

DAS

Evaluation

Vertical seismic Profile

Micro-seismic

Operation monitoring

FracProfiling

Cross Well Comms

Flow assurance

Permanent flow

monitoring

Smart well monitoring

Permanent flow

monitoring


Flow ProfilingFlow Assurance


• DASprovidesthecapabilitytocharacterizewellboredynamicsduringproductionthatwerepreviouslyestimated.

• Productionflowmonitoringcanbeacquiredovershortdurationsorthroughpermanentlydeployedon-demandsystems.

DAS Flow: Illuminating ProductionCharacterize Failed Startups and Wellbore Restrictions

Van der Horst, IPTC-17528-MS


DAS for flow profiling workflow

PRE-PROCESSING• Frequencybandsdatageneration

• Timeaveraging• SNR

SPLITFLOWNOISE

• DepthMatching• Separateaxialandinflownoise

QUALITATIVEANALYSIS

• Eventsmonitoring

QUANTITATIVEANALYSIS

• Calibrationtosurfacemeasurements

• Inflowprofiling

POST-PROCESSING

• Visualizationandgraphics

1 2 3 4

DASDATA SURFACEFLOWRATE WELLSCHEMATICS TIMEZONE

5


AsingleDASmeasurementcanconveydifferent information indifferent frequencies:

• Low frequencies:– Liquidtransport– Fluidinterfaces– Thermaldisturbances

• Medium frequencies:– FlowthroughICVs– Flowpastobstacles

• High frequencies: – FlowthroughGLVs

Information in Different Frequency Bands

in ‘t Panhuis, SPE-170917-MS


• UsingDAS,gas-liftperformancecanbeanalyzedasafunctionofICVsettings,down-holeproduction &flowregime

HighFrequencies

LowFrequencies

Setting- ICVASetting- ICVD

DAS applications in Smart WellsGas-lift monitoring



DTS DASDAS - waterfall

DAS– waterfallAvgDiameterReduct.

• Presenceofwaxcanbepickedupascooling inDTSandalargepeakinDAS• EmpiricalDAScorrelationsmaybeusedtoquantifywaxbuild-up intimeanddepth

Wax Build-up MonitoringIdentification



Wax Build-up MonitoringMitigation• DASalsousedtomeasuretheeffectivenessof themitigationsolutionapplied



DAS Flow: Operation MonitoringESP / PCP Condition Monitoring

Clearrpmswitching

Cavitation?

• SpectralanalysisoftheDASchanneladjacenttoanESPrevealsthetonalsproducedduringvariousratesofoperation.

• Frequenciescanberesolvedto~0.1Hz• Datacanbeusedforpredictivemaintenance


Qualitative flow monitoringTime-lapse 3D visualization of flow


4D Visualization of intelligent wells

SPE 170917 • Peter in ‘t panhuis

Visualization of flow across ICV’s and GLVs


Flow ProfilingPermanent Flow Monitoring


Production Optimization

Fluid Transport Optimization

Artificial Lift Optimization(if applicable)

1

2

3

Main goal:To increase production at lowest costs by:

Artistimpressionofawellfittedwithopticalsensingfibre andinflowcontrolsystems

3

2 1

DAS for permanent flow monitoringCost reduction and increased understanding• PermanentProductionLogging:

– Gas&LiquidratesperWell/Zone/Perf and2-phaseflow


Permanent flow monitoring… for on-demand flow profiling

DAS IU

DAS PU

DTS IU

Solar panels Recording cabin

Separators

• Equipmentsetupatwellpad– Recordingcabincontainingequipment– RackcontainingbothDASandDTSequipment

Richards, SPE-173440-MS


Permanent flow monitoringSystem architecture

• Webbasedlivequalitativeresults

• Dailyemailofperforationclusterefficiency

• Webbasedstatusmonitoring

• 24/7emailnotificationsofsystemfaults

• Remotecontrolandmaintenance



Web accessible data… for on-demand flow profiling – QUALITATIVE MEASURE

• Historicalwaterfalldaterecordedandprocessed

Pero

ratio

ns

Days

Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun

Days

• Flow/no-flowhistorydatageneratedateachperf cluster

Waterfalloftheacousticsignalsproduces attheperforations

Waterfalldatareducedto‘trafficlights’toindicateflow



Web accessible data… for on-demand flow profiling – QUALITATIVE MEASURE

Longtermprofile– Exampleoffourweekperiod

Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat SunMon

Perforationclusterefficiency

• Permanentlyinstalledfibreandtopsideequipmentusedtoprovideon-demandflowprofile

64% @ 12:00 Thu

88% @ 20:00 Sat

• Duetothenaturalvariabilityinflowintermittentmeasurementscanproduceverydifferentresults

• RegularDASmeasurementsprovidesamoreaccuratelongtermtrend

Trend calculated from DAS measurements



Lesson learned


Lessons learned… from initial installations• Robustcommunications

– Allowingfordroppackets,failedresponse,periodofdowntime,etc

• Consistentrestorationofsystemparameterafterpowerloss

• ControlledshutdownusingUPS• ContinuousQCtoidentifyfailure

– Ofequipmentstatusandlivedata– Builtintest

• Movealgorithmstothecloud– Makesreprocessing(withrevisedparameter)easier

• Cloudbasedlogs– Fromobserversandmaintainers

• Maintainer‘alert’emailsneedtobeclearandnon-spamming

• Provideadministratorfacilitiestousers– Socustomerscanadd/deleteusers

• Needtokeepdataratesfromfieldtocloudlow

• RemotesetupoffieldPC


Summary


Summary

• DASisbeingusedtoprovidequalitativeandquantitativeflowinformation

• Downhole fibreandDASequipmentcanbepermanentlyinstalled

• Processedflowdataisuploadedtothecloudforondemandaccessviaanywebenableddevice

• Systemcontinuestobedeveloped• Providinguserswithdecisionreadydata


Contact details

David Hill, PhDChief Technology OfficerQinetiQ Senior Fellow

OptaSense®

a QinetiQ company

Office: +44 1305 367126Mobile: +44 7909 890938Skype: David.Hill.OptaSenseWeb: www.OptaSense.com

permanent real-time full wellbore flow monitoring using ... · pdf filewellbore flow...

Documents