personalized medicine
TRANSCRIPT
Flow of Presentation
Why need personalized medicine?
What’s Pharmacogenomics?
Genetics and Therapeutics
On Going Research
Future Insights
2
One Size Doesn’t Fit All..
Every year in the USA 2 million people die due
to adverse drug effects
Drug efficacy is only in 60 % of the
population
Other 40 % have poor drug effects or no
effect at all
3
Pharmecogenomics and Pharmecogenetics
Pharmacogenetics
— A discrete inherited trait related to drug absorption and disposition, as well as response
Pharmacogenomics
— The application of genome-wide SNP scans and gene expression analyses
6
Pharmacogenomics shows how genes determine
individual variability to drug response and for
Pharmacists it would be easy to predict how a
patient may respond to drug, with the help of a
genetic test before prescribing a drug
7
Importance !!
Made-to-Order
Drugs
Drug Response..
Same dose does not produce the same concentrations
among patients due to inter-patient differences in
absorption and metabolism
Toxicity: Ability of a drug to make a person sick
Genetic variations have influence on efficacy and toxicity of drugs
8
Human Genome Diversity
0.1% difference in genome influences the response to
drugs SNPs
SNPs are powerful Tools
SNPs screening will help in prescription
10
“Right drug at the right dose in the right patient”
What Makes it Possible?
Human genome sequencing
New technologies facilitate
handling of data
A lot of investment in public and
private sector
The future of medicine – so called
Personalized Medicine
11
Ongoing Research on CYP
Cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes
Important drug metabolozing enzymes
Bioactivation and metabolism of approximately 75% of
drugs gives CYPs prominence in pharmacogenetics
research
12
More Business in Future..
14
$ Develop new therapies
Incorporation of genetic information into the
diagnosis of disease and prescription of
drugs
IdeaIdea
11-15 Years11-15 Years
Marketed DrugMarketed Drug
The route to a new medicine … is a long one
… and an expensive one !!
It costs >$800 million to get a drug to market
15
Pre-screening should allow clinical trials to be smaller, faster, and less expensive; therefore, the consumer could benefit in reduced drug costs.
In today's world, only 30-60% of drugs work effectively.
However, in future the success rate of drugs will increase to
100%, curing all patients.
16
Bioethics
Unequal distribution of
resources
Invasion of medical privacy
Discrimination due to the
involvement of genetic tests
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