Perspectives on Choices on Scholarly Work:

Kamal H. Khayat: Khayatk@mst.edu

Joseph Smith: smithjose@mst.edu

Freshman Faculty Forum

Jan 23, 2013

Why Research?

• Expansion of students’ and own learning opportunities

• Problem solving for industry, state, nation, and world

• Direct impact on personal reputation (number of grad. students,

publications, collaborations, leadership roles, research capabilities

…)

• Impact on reputation & ranking of university

• Financial support to personal research group, department and

university

Outline

• FROM Ph.D. to S&T • Strategic Positioning of Research Thrusts • Metrics of Research Capabilities • Publication Strategies • Training of Highly Qualified Personnel • Grants vs. Contractual Research • Collaborations • Active Involvement in Technical Societies • Technology Transfer • Thoughts on Promotion & Tenure • Hints for Proposals

Kamal Henri Khayat University of California, Berkeley • Bachelor of Science in Civil Eng. – 1982 • Master of Eng., Construction Engineering and Management • Master of Science, Structural Eng. • Doctor of Philosophy in Civil Eng. • Post-doc – 1990 Universite de Sherbrooke • Year 4: Associate Professor • Year 9: Professor Section Head, Cement and Concrete Research Group • Year 12: Director, Center of Excellence on Concrete Infrastructure • Year 14: Director, Integrated Research Laboratory on Materials Valorization

and Innovative and Durable Structures • Year 18: NSERC Chair of FCAR • Year 21: S&T, Jones Chair, Director, Center for Infrastructure Engineering

Studies

Strategic Positioning of

Research Thrusts • Be aware of industry needs and coming

trends: high-performance materials, nano technology, sustainable development, rapid construction …

• Strive to addressing local, state, and national needs

• Match your goals to dept. & university strategic goals

Confederation Bridge, N.B. – PEI

100-year design life

Trans-

Canada

HW

Overpass

HW 20,

Montreal

HPC: Concrete with improved durability and sustainability

13 km

80 MPa

100-year service life

The Confederation Bridge, Canada

Research Association with

Highly Visible Projects

• Addressing local, state, and national needs

• Research efforts relevant to industry

• Pushing the envelop

• Excellent training grounds to HQP

• Direct impact on future recruitment and funding

FCAR in High Rise Construction (2008-2013)

Dubai

Metrics of Research Capabilities

• Externally sponsored program expenditures to measure success

• Proposals submitted and awarded to measure state of expenditures

• Number of graduate students, post-doctoral fellows, graduate research assistants, technicians

to measure ability to train highly qualified personnel (workforce development)

Commitment to Publications of

Research Findings

• Leading peer-reviewed journals in your field Acceptance rate ~ 20% - 30%

• Special publication volumes With same peer-review process as conference proceedings

• Editorial of conference proceedings/collective volumes

• Chapters in technical books

• Book authorship

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

Cu

mm

ula

tive

pu

blic

atio

ns

Year since Ph.D.

Peer-reviewed Jr.

Peer-reviewed conf.

Quality vs. Quantity?!

http://library.mst.edu/resources/databases/dBList.html#S

Author’s h-Index proposed in 2005 (highly cited index): qualifies impact and quantity of an individual’s research performance

No. of citations

Where to Publish?

Journal Impact Factor

Thomson Reuters Journal Citation Reports® (JCR)- provides quantitative tools for ranking, evaluating,

categorizing, and comparing journals.

• Delivers quantifiable statistical information based on citation data

• Provides a variety of impact and influence metrics, including the Journal Impact Factor and EigenfactorTM

• Includes rank-in-category tables, journal self-citations, and Impact Factor boxplots

Thomson Reuters Journal Citation Reports® (JCR)- provides

quantitative tools for ranking, evaluating, categorizing, and comparing journals.

Impact Factor: a measure of the frequency with which the "average article" in a journal has been cited in a particular year or period.

Example: The 2008 impact factor of a journal would be calculated as follows: • A = the number of times articles published in 2006 and 2007 were cited by

indexed journals during 2008. • B = the total number of "citable items" published by that journal in 2006

and 2007. ("Citable items" are usually articles, reviews, proceedings, or notes; not editorials or Letters-to-the-Editor.)

• 2008 impact factor = A/B.

Where to Publish? Journal Impact Factor

Locating Journal Citation Reports

1. Go to Thomson Reuters Web of Knowledgesm

http://admin-apps.webofknowledge.com/JCR/JCR?SID=4EMc4cp%40f%402ee%40gbHmf

2. Click the Journal Citation Reports button

3. Select the desired Year and Subject category

4. Select desired Category from subject list.

5. The list of journals can then be sorted in several ways,

including Impact Factor.

Editorial of Conference

Proceedings/Collective Volumes Chapter of books: • Khayat, K.H., Aïtcin, P.-C., Silica Fume – A Unique Supplementary Cementitious

Material, Chapter of Book, Mineral Admixtures in Cement and Concrete, Ed., Sarkar, S.L., Ghosh, S.N., Vol. 4, 1993, p. 226-265.

• Khayat, K.H. and Mikanovic, N., Viscosity-Modifying Admixtures, chapter on Understanding the Rheology of Concrete, Ed. Roussel, N., Woodhead Publishing, 2012.

Editorial of conference proceedings: • Khayat, K.H., Aïtcin, P.-C., Ed., Proc., P.K. Mehta Symp. on Durability of Concrete, Nice,

1994, 373 p. • Yu, Z., Shi, C., Khayat, K.H., Xie, Y., RILEM Proc. 42, 1st International Symp. on Design,

Performance and Use of Self-Consolidating Concrete, 2005, Changsha, China, 711 p. Book: • Khayat, K.H., Wallevik, O., Workability and Rheology of Flowable and Self-Consolidating

Concrete, Taylor & Francis (in preparation).

21

- Khayat, K.H., Feys, D. (Eds.) Design, Production and Placement of SCC, Proc. of the 6th Int. RILEM Symposium on SCC; 4th North American Conference on the Design and Use of SCC - Vol. 1, Springer Publishers, 470 p. (peer-reviewed). - Vol. 2, CD ROM, 2000 p.

Outline

• FROM Ph.D. to S&T • Strategic Positioning of Research Thrusts • Metrics of Research Capabilities • Publication Strategies • Training of Highly Qualified Personnel • Grants vs. Contractual Research • Collaborations • Active Involvement in Technical Societies • Technology Transfer • Thoughts on Promotion & Tenure • Hints for Proposals

23

HQP

10 Ph.D. 4 M.Sc. 2 Post-doc fellows Research Assistant 1 Research Assistant 2 (50%) Research Assistant 3 (50%)

3 Techniciens 1 Administrative assistant

Research team (2011)

Collaboration with industry facilitates access to construction sites to validate technologies

25

Methodical Approach for Development and Acceptance P

roxi

mit

y to

Mar

ket

Maturity

Basic knowledge

Material behaviour

Design and production issues,

field performance

Product on market

Owners:

Material Suppliers:

Engineering Firms:

Testing Labs:

High-Performance Flowable Concrete with

Adapted Rheology ($3.5 M)

Inspecsol

Prefab:

Active Participation in National

and International Conferences • Organize, chair, co-chair

• Member of organizing committee/scientific committee

• Workshops/special seminars

visibility and leadership,

draws national/international attention of sponsors, collaborators, and students

Active Participation in

Technical Committees cations

• Grant and Contractual Research

• Training of Highly Qualified Personnel

• National and International Collaborations

• Active Involvement in Technical Societies

• Technology Transfer

• RILEM TC 228 Mechanical properties of SCC, Chair

• ACI 237, Self-Consolidating Concrete, Chair (founding member)

• ACI 236 Materials Science of Concrete

• ACI 238 Workability of Concrete (founding member)

• ACI 234 Silica Fume

• ACI 347 Formwork

• ACI 552 Cementitious Grouting

• Associate Editor, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering

• Editorial Board: 3 journals

5) Acquire necessary infrastructure and

resources

• Better lab facilities including space and

investment in equipment for teaching and

research

• Additional technician support is key for training

of students and support

• Invest in research engineers and research

faculty members

Who am I?

Joseph D. Smith, Ph.D. smithjose@mst.edu/(918)760-1257

Laufer Endowed Chair for Energy

B.S., M.S., and Ph.D., Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Advanced Combustion Engineering Research Center (ACERC)

8 Patents, 2 Book Chapters, 40+ publications, 100+ conference papers

Hybrid Energy Systems to Manage Carbon Footprint

9/16/2011 Slide 34

President/Co-founder of engineering firm serving Hydrocarbon and Chemical Process Industries (www.sas-ieng.com)

Expert in Gas Flare Technology; Applied Computational Fluid Dynamics; Nanoparticle technology for catalyst; coal/biomass gasification and haz-waste incineration

25+ years industrial experience related to chemically reacting flows

Sources: United Nations Population Division And United States Energy Information Agency

Secure Energy: “Our” Generation’s Grand Challenge!

• Global population marches on

– Over 8 billion by 2030; 9 billion by 2050

– Globalization of economies continues

– 3 to 5 fold increase in economic activity

• Access to stable, affordable energy is key to peace and prosperity

– 40% increase in demand by 2030 (IEA estimate)

– 2-3 fold increase in demand by 2050 (WBCSD estimate)

• Greatest energy consumption growth in non-OECD countries

– China, India and Middle East account for over 90% of the increase

Hybrid Energy Systems to Manage Carbon Footprint

9/16/2011 Slide 35

Energy Vision and Challenges

• Identify and develop transformational technologies for next generation of revolutionary energy systems that impact energy security and climate change

• Transformational Research focus:

– Biofuels generated from lumber waste, crop wastes, solid waste, and non-food crops

– Virtual design tools to explore and find ways to reduce energy consumption by up to 80% with ROI <10 years

– Energy storage to leverage non-dispatchable renewable energy sources including wind, solar, and biomass to support base-load power generation

• Research focus is based on collaboration:

– Research networks across government, university, industry in US and around globe;

– Must integrate national labs, universities and industrial RD&D groups

Hybrid Energy Systems to Manage Carbon Footprint

9/16/2011 Slide 36

Thrust Areas for Hybrid Energy Systems Program:

1. Monitoring and Control

Hybrid Energy Systems to Manage Carbon Footprint

9/16/2011 Slide 37

Thrust Areas for Hybrid Energy Systems Program:

2. Simulation and Modeling

• Perform rigorous analysis of proposed HES designs; few U.S. plants built recently

– Gasifier and power generation

– Fuels and chemicals synthesis

– Product upgrading and refining

• Investigate cost-benefit tradeoffs

• Identify optimum plant efficiencies

• Evaluate system integration of close-coupled HES scenarios

• Conduct Life Cycle Assessments

• Provide detailed economic assessments

• Support air permitting

• Investigate process control issues (startup, steady-state, dynamic conditions)

• Support advanced operator training

Hybrid Energy Systems to Manage Carbon Footprint

9/16/2011 Slide 38

• Advanced process simulation – Aspen, HYSYS, ChemCad

• Multi-physics CFD – Fluent, NPhase, StarCD,

Barracuda, Moose, OpenFoam

• Detailed Chemical Kinetic – Cantera, Chemkin, Custom

dynamic routines

• Custom spreadsheets – Life Cycle Analysis and Process

Economics

• Diverse tools linked across heterogeneous environment running in the “cloud”

What Computer Aided Engineering tools are used?

Hybrid Energy Systems to Manage Carbon Footprint

9/16/2011 Slide 39

Thrust Areas for Hybrid Energy Systems Program:

3. Testing and Validations with Industry Involvement

• Industry involvement is key to maximizing utility of Process models

• Models developed for specific industrial partners – Baard Energy, Consol Energy, Bullion Monarch Mining, Wyoming Business Council,

Bechtel Power, others

• Feedback and dialogue with technology leaders is a priority – ExxonMobil, ConocoPhillips, Dow Chemical, Monsanto, others

• Coal/biomass gasifier

• Fischer-Tropsch with Co catalyst

• Selective H2S and CO2 removal

• Synfuels product upgrading

• Efficient heat recovery and power generation

Hybrid Energy Systems to Manage Carbon Footprint

9/16/2011 Slide 40

RD&D Opportunities for HES engineering

• Develop advanced control strategy for integrated processes

• Improve efficiency for systems using intermittent energy

• Develop process design for dynamic operation

• Develop/evaluate equipment for integrated systems

• Develop methods and materials for energy storage

• Develop predictive tools for efficient grid management

• Investigate feedback from upsets to nuclear plant

• Design/evaluate system alternatives for residential to regional scale

• Establish economic cost models of integrated systems

• Conduct Life Cycle Analysis for Integrated Systems

Hybrid Energy Systems to Manage Carbon Footprint

9/16/2011 Slide 41

Dan’s Nuggets • OWN YOUR WORK!! (proudly and with humility?) The purpose of tenure is

academic freedom, namely to think the odd and explore the unusual.

• STAY MOBILE!! Create a CV for tenure at MIT, Harvard, etc. (forget about meeting S&T standards and choose to compete with the best in class… and perhaps that’s at S&T, but perhaps not…)

• Privately become your own chief critic, and publicly share your accomplishments

• LEVERAGE, LEVERAGE, LEVERAGE!! Double, triple, quadruple count EVERYTHING! (it’s a CV NOT a resume – list everything!)

• Focus to develop depth in ‘something’ and look broadly to have a bigger impact

• ALWAYS pay your students first!

• ALWAYS balance home and work!

• I want to see a narrative of scholarly impact… I was one of the first doctoral students to have a dual background in molecular biology and

environmental engineering

With start up funds I equipped a unique lab and recruited two great students

We followed up on experiments from my dissertation

I co-led a national meeting to brainstorm the direction for my area

I reached out to offer my techniques as part of a unique lab class at my home institution and I offered the lab class to professional engineers as well

Collectively these successes were the foundation for the IM and BI of my NSF CAREER

I recruited a new student and we published papers in the area of the CAREER award

We leveraged the CAREER award over, and over, and over again for visibility (REU, minority, international)

My student graduated, interviewed, and secured a faculty position

I solidified my independent, international reputation in my area of depth

IDEA INPUT SECURE RESOURCES PERFORM! DISSEMINATE!!

• I want to see the boxes checked off

• And yes, every decision has some politics involved so be sure to have your champions

Hints on Proposals • Write to someone who is reading at 11pm after a day at work

who is more overloaded that you can imagine (you MUST win a champion)

• Provide the details needed to answer tough questions (you MUST arm your champion with facts)

• Realize that great proposals don’t get funded, so you need to develop thick skin and get very creative in the hunt for funding

• Submission before serving on a panel is a waste of time (IMHO) (translation – know the process inside out and then target a great submission… crummy proposals lead to a bad reputation)

• Use the ‘right’ words (expect NOT hope; previously demonstrated; etc)

• Create independent specific aims (NOT stepwise)

Questions