Specific Psychological Condition and Fitness To Stand Trial I

Pertemuan 06Pertemuan 06

Matakuliah : L0472 - Psikologi ForensikTahun : Feb -2010

Psychopathy orPsychopathy orOther Coping StrategiesOther Coping Strategies

Insufficient individual-based Insufficient individual-based researchresearch

Public exposure Public exposure Malingering Malingering NGRI NGRI

Most NGRI Patients are SchizophrenicMost NGRI Patients are Schizophrenic(Rogers & Shuman, 2000)(Rogers & Shuman, 2000)

DisorderDisorder PercentagePercentage

SchizophrenicSchizophrenic 62.262.2

Personality disorderPersonality disorder 12.012.0

Organic disorder or mental retardationOrganic disorder or mental retardation 5.85.8

Mood disorderMood disorder 5.05.0

OtherOther 11.611.6

Legal Mechanism To Bring Offenders to Legal Mechanism To Bring Offenders to JusticeJustice

Fitness To Stand TrialFitness To Stand Trial

NCRMD NCRMD Re-examination every 2 years Re-examination every 2 years

Canada (1894)Canada (1894)

Not Guilty By Reason of Insanity (NGRI)Not Guilty By Reason of Insanity (NGRI)

a person is a person is insane insane when . . .when . . .

Is in a state of natural imbecility Is in a state of natural imbecility

or has disease of the mind to an extent that or has disease of the mind to an extent that renders himrenders him

incapable of appreciating the nature and quality incapable of appreciating the nature and quality of an act or omission or of knowing that an act or of an act or omission or of knowing that an act or omission is wrong.omission is wrong.

Canada (1992) - NCRMDCanada (1992) - NCRMD

Not Criminally Responsible on Account of Not Criminally Responsible on Account of Mental DisorderMental Disorder

No person is criminally responsible for an act No person is criminally responsible for an act committed or an omission made while suffering committed or an omission made while suffering from a mental disorder that rendered that person from a mental disorder that rendered that person incapable of appreciating the nature and quality incapable of appreciating the nature and quality of an act or omission or of knowing that an act or of an act or omission or of knowing that an act or omission is wrong.omission is wrong.

Criminal Code s. 16Criminal Code s. 16

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Who is Found NCRMD?Who is Found NCRMD?

• White single maleWhite single male• Late 20’s early 30’sLate 20’s early 30’s• A history of psychiatric hospitalizationsA history of psychiatric hospitalizations• Unemployed, w/o grade 12Unemployed, w/o grade 12• PsychoticPsychotic• Tends to have committed a non-violent crime Tends to have committed a non-violent crime

Looking For The Proper Looking For The Proper ‘Punishment’‘Punishment’

Imprisonment ? Imprisonment ?

Henry (2003)Henry (2003)

Capital Punishment (death sentence) ? Capital Punishment (death sentence) ? Meloy (1990)Meloy (1990)

Rehabilitation, Treatment, ReintegrationRehabilitation, Treatment, ReintegrationIf found NGRI / NCRMDIf found NGRI / NCRMD

DefinitionDefinition

DSM-IV-TR : DSM-IV-TR : Psychopathy Psychopathy Anti-social Personality Disorder Anti-social Personality Disorder

ICD-10 :ICD-10 :Psychopathy Psychopathy Sociopathy or Dissocial Personality DisorderSociopathy or Dissocial Personality Disorder

Some traits shared by psychopathsSome traits shared by psychopathsSource: Without Conscience, by Robert Source: Without Conscience, by Robert HareHare (Guilford Press, (Guilford Press,

1999)1999)Emotions: Emotions: • Glib, superficial, arrogant, narcissistic, Glib, superficial, arrogant, narcissistic, • RRuthless and short-tempered uthless and short-tempered • DDistinct lack of empathy istinct lack of empathy • NNo conscience or sense of remorse.o conscience or sense of remorse.

Relationships: Relationships: • Few close relationships and deceitful, Few close relationships and deceitful, • IIncredibly manipulative and charming despite shallow emotions.ncredibly manipulative and charming despite shallow emotions.

Some traits shared by psychopathsSome traits shared by psychopaths (con’d)(con’d)

Source: Without Conscience, by Robert Source: Without Conscience, by Robert HareHare (Guilford Press, (Guilford Press, 1999)1999)Lifestyle: Lifestyle:

• Irresponsible Irresponsible • IImpulsive mpulsive • SSensation seeking ensation seeking • QuiteQuite rational and able to act in real world rational and able to act in real world Martens (2002): incomplete because emotional suffering Martens (2002): incomplete because emotional suffering

and loneliness are ignoredand loneliness are ignored

• Early Early personal and personal and social problems often develop into anti-social problems often develop into anti-social behaviour later in life.social behaviour later in life.

Three typical signs in childhood (MacDonald Triad):Three typical signs in childhood (MacDonald Triad):Enuresis / cruelty to animals / fire-settingEnuresis / cruelty to animals / fire-setting

Some traits shared by psychopathsSome traits shared by psychopaths (con’d) (con’d)Source: Without Conscience, by Robert Source: Without Conscience, by Robert HareHare (Guilford Press, 1999) (Guilford Press, 1999)

Hare Psychopathy-Checklist [Revised]Hare Psychopathy-Checklist [Revised]

IncidenceIncidence: : Estimated two million psychopaths in North America.Estimated two million psychopaths in North America.

Causes: Causes: Not scientifically known. Studies suggest a combination of Not scientifically known. Studies suggest a combination of

nature and nurture, including abnormal brain functioning. nature and nurture, including abnormal brain functioning.

No effective therapy.No effective therapy. No rehabilitation. No rehabilitation.

Camouflage Camouflage SocietySociety