peru: a review of trade in cites-listed...

Peru: A review of trade in CITES-listed species

(Version edited for public release)

Prepared for the

European Commission Directorate General E - Environment

ENV.E.2. – Development and Environment

by the

United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre

March, 2007

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Prepared and produced by: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK ABOUT UNEP WORLD CONSERVATION MONITORING CENTRE www.unep-wcmc.org The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre is the biodiversity assessment and policy implementation arm of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the world’s foremost intergovernmental environmental organisation. UNEP-WCMC aims to help decision-makers recognize the value of biodiversity to people everywhere, and to apply this knowledge to all that they do. The Centre’s challenge is to transform complex data into policy-relevant information, to build tools and systems for analysis and integration, and to support the needs of nations and the international community as they engage in joint programmes of action.

UNEP-WCMC provides objective, scientifically rigorous products and services that include ecosystem assessments, support for implementation of environmental agreements, regional and global biodiversity information, research on threats and impacts, and development of future scenarios for the living world. The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP or contributory organisations. The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP, the European Commission or contributory organisations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authority, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. OVERVIEW .......................................................................................................................................................... 4 2. CITES IN PERU ................................................................................................................................................... 4 3. SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP OPINIONS ............................................................................................................... 5 4. TRADE IN CITES-LISTED SPECIES FROM PERU ................................................................................................... 7 5. SPECIES REPORTED AS DIRECT EXPORTS SINCE 1997 TO THE EC BUT NOT KNOWN FROM PERU OR OCCURRENCE UNCONFIRMED .............................................................................................................................. 10 6. GLOBALLY THREATENED SPECIES REPORTED AS EXPORTS TO THE EC FROM PERU SINCE 1997 (EXCLUDING THOSE SPECIES NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN PERU). .............................................................................................. 23 ANNEX 1. TRADE IN CITES-LISTED SPECIES FROM PERU TO EU-25, 1976-2005, AS REPORTED BY BOTH TRADING PARTNERS. ............................................................................................................................................ 27

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1. OVERVIEW Peru is a major exporter of CITES-listed species, many of which are exported to the European Union (EU). For this reason, Peru was identified as a country where a review of trade in species listed in EC Regulation 1332/2005, would be useful to highlight any trade of concern. An analysis of trade levels from Peru to the EU-25 between 2001-2005 was undertaken in order to identify species that may warrant review. The analysis considered trade both to the EU and to other countries. Emphasis was on trade in wild and ranched specimens, but trade from other sources was also considered. This analysis revealed that recent levels of trade in wild and ranched specimens to the EU were in fact relatively low, with no species appearing to require a detailed review. EU-imports of mammal species were generally very low volume, the only notable exceptions being exports of skins of Pecari tajacu and Tayassu pecari, and wool of Vicugna vicugna. Trade in birds also involved relatively low volumes in recent years, with only six or seven species -- mainly parrots -- showing annual exports to the EU in excess of 100 individuals. These species were generally widespread and not considered to be threatened, either globally or in Peru. With the exception of Iguana iguana (c.1500 of which were imported into the EU between 1997-2005), recent EC-imports in wild reptiles have also been in very low volumes (with the more significant volumes relating to captive-bred individuals). There have been virtually no recent EC-imports of amphibians, fish and invertebrates. Plant exports were primarily artificially propagated plants, with the trade in wild plants generally occurring in low volumes. The only exception was trade in stems of certain wild-sourced cactus species (notably Echinopsis spp.), which have been exported in the low thousands in recent years. These are now covered by the recent domestic measures by Peru prohibiting the export of wild cacti (under CITES Notification 2006/013). Due to the low level of trade and the apparent absence of any notable conservation concerns, no species were selected for an in-depth review. Instead, an abridged review of Peruvian trade is presented here including i) an overview of all trade in CITES-listed species from Peru, ii) a summary of species for which trade was reported that occur in Peru and are globally threatened, and iii) a summary of all species for which trade was reported but that were not known from Peru, or whose occurrence was unconfirmed.

2. CITES IN PERU Peru ratified CITES on 27 June 1975 and the Convention entered into force in the country on 25 September of the same year. Peru has submitted annual reports for every year since 1991. Peru has been the subject of several trade restrictions, both self-imposed and on the basis of Standing Committee recommendations, concerning species of the order Psittaciformes, and species of two plant families: Orchidaceae and Cactaceae.

In October 1982, the Peruvian Management Authority banned exports of all species of the order Psittaciformes with the exception of Aratinga wagleri, Aratinga erythrogenys, Aratinga

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mitrata, Pionus menstruus, Pionus chalcopterus, Forpus coelestis, Forpus xanthops, Brotogeris pyrrhopterus, Bolborhynchus orbygnesius, Bolborhynchus lineola, Bolborhynchus aurifrons, Bolborhynchus aymara (CITES Notification No. 229). The list of species for which export was authorised was subsequently amended in 1985 (CITES Notification No. 346) to also prohibit the export of Forpus xanthops, Bolborhynchus aymara and Pionus menstruus. Further amendments were made by Peru in 1986 (CITES Notification No. 389), to restrict the list of species whose export was authorised to Aratinga wagleri, Aratinga erythrogenys, Forpus coelestis, Brotogeris pyrrhopterus, Bolborhynchus orbygnesius and Bolborhynchus aurifrons. In April 1993, the CITES Standing Committee recommended that all Parties suspend imports of Brotogeris pyrrhopterus and Aratinga erythrogenys from Peru (CITES Notification No. 737). Although the proposed suspension for Brotogeris pyrrhopterus was subsequently removed in November 1993, the Standing Committee reiterated their recommendation to suspend the import of Aratinga erythrogenys from Peru (CITES Notification No. 775), and this recommendation remains valid until the present (through CITES Notifications Nos. 800, 833, 873, 898, 1998/25, 1999/06, 1999/20, 2001/043, 2001/056, 2001/084, 2002/021, 2004/028, 2005/055, 2006/008, 2006/034, 2006/072). In January 1990, Peru banned the exports of orchids (Family: Orchidaceae) for six months, from 1 October 1989 to 31 March 1990 (CITES Notification No. 560). Further restrictions were put in place by Peru in 1999 (CITES Notification Nos. 1999/02 and 1999/67), prohibiting the export of all species of wild orchids indefinitely, except for cut flowers and specimens intended for scientific research. This was amended by Peru in 2006 with the added exception of artificially propagated specimens (CITES Notification No. 2006/013). This notification also prohibited the export of all species of wild cacti (Family: Cactaceae), again with the exception of cut flowers and specimens intended for scientific research and artificially propagated specimens.

3. SCIENTIFIC REVIEW GROUP OPINIONS A number of opinions (positive and negative) as well as import suspensions have been formed by the SRG for Peru. Table 1 shows a list of all current opinions. The SRG has also formed a ‘no opinion’ for Brotogeris pyrrhopterus and Swietenia macrophylla and has advised that all import applications should be referred to the SRG.

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Table 1. List of current opinions and import suspensions referring to Peru

Taxon Opinion Suspension1 Date2 Notes

CHORDATA

MAMMALIA CARNIVORA CANIDAE

Chrysocyon brachyurus b 10/05/2006 All wild specimens

PRIMATES CEBIDAE

Ateles belzebuth b 10/05/2006 All wild specimens

Ateles paniscus b 10/05/2006 All wild specimens

Lagothrix lagotricha b 10/05/2006 All wild specimens

AVES FALCONIFORMES ACCIPITRIDAE

Buteo albonotatus b 10/05/2006 All wild specimens

Buteo platypterus b 10/05/2006 All wild specimens

Buteo poecilochrous (+) 07/11/2000

Buteo polyosoma (+) 07/11/2000

Leucopternis occidentalis a 10/05/2006 All wild specimens

FALCONIDAE

Phalcoboenus megalopterus (+) 29/10/2001

Polyborus plancus (+) 29/10/2001

PSITTACIFORMES PSITTACIDAE

Aratinga erythrogenys b 10/05/2006 All wild specimens

Brotogeris cyanoptera (+) 29/11/2001

Brotogeris sanctithomae (+) 29/11/2001

Brotogeris versicolurus (+) 29/11/2001

Forpus xanthops b 10/05/2006 All wild specimens

Hapalopsittaca pyrrhops b 10/05/2006 All wild specimens

Leptosittaca branickii b 10/05/2006 All wild specimens

Pionus chalcopterus b 10/05/2006 All wild specimens

STRIGIFORMES STRIGIDAE

Asio clamator b 10/05/2006 All wild specimens

1 Species whose import has been suspended through Article 4 (6) of EC Regulation 338/97; most recent

update was EC Regulation 605/2006.

2 Refers to the date that the opinion was either formed or confirmed, whichever was the most recent

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Taxon Opinion Suspension1 Date2 Notes

Glaucidium brasilianum (+) 29/10/2001

Otus choliba (+) 29/10/2001

Otus roboratus b 10/05/2006 All wild specimens

Pulsatrix melanota b 10/05/2006 All wild specimens

Speotyto cunicularia (+) 29/10/2001

APODIFORMES TROCHILIDAE

Chalcostigma olivaceum b 10/05/2006 All wild specimens

Heliodoxa rubinoides b 10/05/2006 All wild specimens

Leucippus baeri (+) 09/10/1997

REPTILIA TESTUDINES PELOMEDUSIDAE

Podocnemis expansa b 10/05/2006 All wild specimens

Podocnemis sextuberculata b 10/05/2006 All wild specimens

CROCODYLIA ALLIGATORIDAE

Caiman crocodilus (+) 11/07/2000

AMPHIBIA ANURA DENDROBATIDAE

Dendrobates ventrimaculatus (-) 12/06/2006 Wild specimens

Dendrobates ventrimaculatus (+) 26/09/2006 All ranched specimens

Epipedobates azureiventris (-) 12/06/2006 Wild specimens

Epipedobates azureiventris (+) 26/09/2006 All ranched specimens

Dendrobates variabilis3 (-) 12/06/2006 Wild specimens

Dendrobates variabilis (+) 26/09/2006 All ranched specimens

4. TRADE IN CITES-LISTED SPECIES FROM PERU The main global exports from Peru (as reported by Peru) between 1976 and 2005 were manufactured mammal products (skins, hair, leather products and garments); live birds and bird feathers; live reptiles and live amphibians; live fish and fish bodies; sawn wood; and live plants and plant stems (Table 2). EU-imports of CITES-listed species from Peru, from 1976-2005, as reported by both trading partners, are summarised in Annex 1.

3 Treated as a synonym of D. ventrimaculatus by the current CITES Standard reference (Frost, 2002),

following Caldwell & Myers (1990). However, this species was removed from the synonymy of the more

widely distributed Dendrobates ventrimaculatus by Schulte (1999) and Symula, Schulte and Summers (2001)

(Frost, 2004). The CITES CoP in June, 2007 will decide whether to follow this change.

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It should be noted that Peru may have reported on permits or certificates they have issued rather than on actual trade. If this were the case, it would not be uncommon for the quantity of specimens traded to be considerably less than the amount specified on the permits, or for permits not to be used at all. Thus in some instances trade data may overestimate the volume of trade that actually occurred.

Table 2. A summary of main global exports from Peru (excluding re-exports) as reported by Peru, 1976-2005.

Taxa Term (unit) Main global exports

(reported by PE)

Mammals garments 15,809

garments (pairs) 19,712

hair (kg) 20,540.5

live 2,054

skins 3,141

skins (kg) 561,847

small leather products 1,020

Birds feathers 71,511

live 43,527

Reptiles live 13,579

Amphibians live 5,498

Fish bodies (kg) 299,377

live 15,239

Timber sawn wood (m3) 336,322.9

Plants live 200,160

stems 135,708

Mammals In recent years, exports of mammals for their skins, reported by both Peru and its trading partners, primarily involved Pecari tajacu and Tayassu pecari for commercial purposes and mainly from wild sources. Other garments, hair and cloth traded in lower quantities included products made from Lama guanicoe and Vicugna vicugna, also mostly from wild sources. EU-imports reflected this pattern, with the same species being most prevalent in trade. Global exports of live mammals, as reported by Peru, mostly involved species of the Cebidae family (70%), with Aotus nancymaae amounting to 41% of trade in live specimens, mostly for scientific research or zoological exhibition. Since 1997, the EU has reported imports of live mammals from wild sources in 2001 only; these mostly involved Aotus nancymaae and Saguinus nigricollis Birds Species of Psittacidae accounted for 65% of all exports of live birds reported by Peru from 1997-2005; Aratinga mitrata and Brotogeris pyrrhopterus comprised 26% and 29% of the live bird trade respectively, most of which were from wild sources. The majority of feathers in

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trade were from wild-sourced Amazona farinosa (80%), for circuses and travelling exhibitions, and scientific research. EU-imports of birds from Peru have been relatively low level in recent years, with annual imports of only seven species -- mainly parrots -- to the EU-25 in excess of 100 individuals. These species were considered to be generally widespread and non-threatened (neither globally nor in Peru). In general, imports reported by EU countries were lower than those reported by Peru. An import suspension for live, wild birds has been put in place by the EU for veterinary reasons, hence this trade should no longer be occurring. Reptiles Globally, most reptile exports from Peru involved live specimens, with low level trade in skins, trophies and specimens also reported. Iguana iguana accounted for 50% of all live reptile exports reported by Peru (mostly from wild sources and mainly for commercial purposes) from 1997-2005. Other species reported as exported in relatively high numbers were Podocnemis unifilis (15%), Geochelone denticulata (12%) and Boa constrictor (8%), most of which were captive bred specimens. Since 1997, EU-imports from Peru of wild reptiles have been very low level, with the single exception of Iguana iguana, of which 1500 wild sourced specimes were imported between 1997-2005. Some trade in captive bred reptiles was also reported. Amphibians All global exports of live amphibian species reported by Peru (1976-2005) involved species of Dendrobatidae; the most highly traded species were Epipedobates trivittatus (38%), Epipedobates pictus (23%), Dendrobates reticulatus (22%), all of which were traded for commercial purposes. No imports of live wild sourced amphibia have been reported by EU countries since 2000. Fish Almost all exports of live fish from Peru, from 1976 to 2005, involved one species Arapaima gigas, mostly in trade for commercial purposes. The majority (99%) of fish traded as bodies were Hippocampus ingens, from wild sources and for commercial purposes. EU imports from Peru since 1997 primarily involved Arapaima gigas both captive-bred and from wild sources, and to a much lesser extent wild Hippocampus kuda (a total of 16 animals since 1997). Plants The majority of exports reported by Peru of live plants, from 1976 to 2005, involved species from the families Orchidaceae (55%) and Cactaceae (41%). Six hundred and sixty-three species of Orchidaceae were reported in trade, as well as 166 species of Cactaceae. Trade mostly involved artificially propagated specimens, with the trade in wild plants generally occurring in low volumes. Similarly, imports reported by EU countries were mainly Orchidaceae and Cactaceae; most trade was low level and involved artificially propagated specimens. The main exception

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was trade in stems of certain wild-sourced cactus species (notably Echinopsis spp.), which were exported in the low thousands in recent years. However, it seems that these specimens would be covered by the recent domestic measures by Peru prohibiting the export of wild cacti (under CITES Notification 2006/013). Timber All timber exports reported by Peru from 1976-2005 were for commercial purposes and wild sourced. Swietenia macrophylla accounted for the majority (73%) of trade, with trade in the Appendix III Cedrela odorata (26%) also reported. A proposal to list the genus Cedrela has been submitted to CoP 14. EU-imports of Swietenia macrophylla were also relatively high between 1997 and 2005. This species has been the subject of numerous discussions in the CITES arena and by the SRG.

5. SPECIES REPORTED AS DIRECT EXPORTS SINCE 1997 TO THE EC-25 BUT NOT KNOWN FROM PERU OR OCCURRENCE UNCONFIRMED Note: Range State information is taken from the UNEP-WCMC database and the World Checklist of Monocotyledons (2006). See Annex 1 for a guide to Red List criteria

MAMMALIA ARTIODACTYLA BOVIDAE

Antilope cervicapra (Annex C, NT). Known to occur in India, Nepal, Pakistan and Argentina and the United States. Germany reported the import of three skulls and three skins (Source W, Purpose P) from Peru in 1998. Peru did not report either of these transactions.

AVES FALCONIFORMES FALCONIDAE Phalcoboenus albogularis (Annex B, LC). Known to occur in Argentina and Chile. Spain reported the import of one live bird (Source W, Purpose T) from Peru in 1999. Peru did not report this transaction.

APODIFORMES TROCHILIDAE Phaethornis superciliosus (Annex B, LC). Known to occur in South America (Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela). Peru reported the export of six live birds (Source W, Purpose T) to Belgium in 1997. Belgium did not report this transaction. In 1999, six live birds (Source W, Purpose T) were exported from Peru to Spain. Both Peru and Spain reported this transaction. In 2000, Spain reported the import of six live birds (Source W, Purpose T) from Peru. Peru did not report this transaction.

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REPTILIA TESTUDINES EMYDIDAE Trachemys scripta (Annex B, LR/nt). Known to occur in Central America and South America (El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Mexico, Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Venezuela), Europe (Cyprus, France, Italy, Spain, Germany, Netherlands), the Middle East (Bahrain, Israel), Asia (Hong Kong, China, Taiwan: Province of China, Indonesia, Myanmar, Thailand, Japan, Singapore), the Pacific Ocean (Guam, Northern Mariana Islands) and Guadeloupe, South Africa and the United States. Peru reported the export of two live reptiles (Source W, Purpose T) to Belgium from Peru in 1998. Belgium did not report this transaction. CROCODYLIA ALLIGATORIDAE Alligator mississippiensis (Annex B, LR/lc). Known to occur only in the United States. The United Kingdom reported the import of one small leather product (Source I, Purpose unspecified) from Peru in 2004. Peru did not report this transaction.

ACTINOPTERYGII SYNGNATHIFORMES SYNGNATHIDAE Hippocampus kuda (Annex B, VU). Known to occur in Asia (Indonesia, Japan, Hong Kong, Thailand, China, Cambodia, Taiwan: Province of China, India, Malaysia, Pakistan Philippines, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Viet Nam), Africa (Kenya, Egypt, Mozambique, South Africa), Indian Ocean (Madagascar, Maldives, Mauritius), Oceania (Australia, Samoa, American Samoa, Solomon Islands, Fiji, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Tonga, Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, French Polynesia) and the United States. Italy reported the import of 8 live seahorses (Source and Purpose unspecified) in 2002 and the import of 8 more live seahorses (Source and Purpose unspecified) in 2003. Peru did not report these transactions.

ARACHNIDA ARANEA THERAPHOSIDAE Aphonopelma spp. (Annex B, NE). Known to occur only in Mexico. Portugal reported the import of 23 bodies (Source I, Purpose unspecified) in 2002. Peru did not report the transaction. SCORPIONES SCORPIONIDAE Pandinus imperator (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in western Africa (Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Togo). Portugal reported the import of 44 bodies (Source I, Purpose unspecified) in 2002. Peru did not report the transaction.

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FLORA CARYOPHYLLALES CACTACEAE Acanthocalycium spiniflorum (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Argentina. Peru reported the export of 10 live cacti to Sweden (Source A, Purpose T) in 2005. Sweden did not report this transaction. Copiapoa calderana (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Chile. The export to Italy of one live cactus (Source A, Purpose T) was reported by Peru in 2003. Italy reported this transaction. Copiapoa cinerascens (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Chile. Peru reported the export of one live cactus to Sweden (Source A, Purpose T) in 2004. Sweden did not report this transaction. Sweden reported the import of one live cactus from Peru (Source A, Purpose T) in 2005. Peru did not report this transaction. Copiapoa cinerea (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Chile. Direct exports to the EC of Copiapoa cinerea from Peru, 1997-2005. Purpose T, live specimens.

Importer Source Reported by 1986 1994 2004 2005

Denmark A Importer 1

Exporter 1

Germany A Importer 1 1

Exporter

R Importer

Exporter 1

Italy A Importer

Exporter 1

Sweden A Importer 1

Exporter 1 1

UK A Importer

Exporter 1

Total Importer 1 1 2

Exporter 1 1 4

Copiapoa cinerea haseltoniana (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Chile. Peru reported the export of two live cacti to Sweden (Source A, Purpose T), one live cactus to the United Kingdom (Source A, Purpose T), and one live cactus to Italy (Source A, Purpose T) between 2004 and 2005. The United Kingdom, Sweden and Italy did not report any of these transactions. Copiapoa echinoids (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Chile. Peru reported the export of one live cactus to Sweden (Source A, Purpose T) in 2005. Sweden did not report this transaction. Peru reported the export of one live cactus to Denmark (Source A, Purpose T) in 2005. Denmark reported this transaction. Copiapoa serpentisulcata (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Chile. Peru reported the export of one live cactus to Sweden (Source A, Purpose T) in 2004. Sweden did not report this transaction. Peru reported the export of one live cactus to Italy (Source A, Purpose T) in 2005. Italy did not report this transaction.

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Echinocactus grusonii (Annex B, CR). Known to occur in Mexico. Peru reported the export of one live cactus to Spain (Source A, Purpose T) in 2001. Spain did not report this transaction. Spain reported the import from Peru of one live cactus (Source A, Purpose T) in 2002. Peru did not report this transaction. Echinopsis atacamensis (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Chile, Argentina and Bolivia. Peru reported the export of one live cactus to Sweden (Source A, Purpose T) in 2004 and Sweden reported the import of one live cactus in 2005. Echinopsis aurea (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Argentina. Peru reported the export of one live cactus to Sweden (Source A, Purpose T) in 2004. Sweden did not report this transaction. Peru reported the export of one live cactus to Sweden (Source A, Purpose T) in 2005. Sweden reported this transaction. Echinopsis cinnabarina (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Bolivia. Peru reported the export of one live cactus to Sweden (Source A, Purpose T) in 2004. Sweden did not report this transaction. Echinopsis mamillosa (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Argentina and Bolivia. Peru reported the export of one live cactus to Sweden (Source A, Purpose T) in 2004. Sweden did not report this transaction. Sweden did not report this transaction. Peru reported the export of one live cactus to Sweden (Source A, Purpose T) in 2005. Sweden reported this transaction. Echinopsis obrepanda (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Bolivia. Peru reported the export of 1 live cactus to Germany (Source: A, Purpose: T) in 2005. Germany reported this transaction. Ferocactus peninsulae (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Mexico. Peru reported the export of one live cactus to Spain (Source A, Purpose T) in 2001 and Spain reported the import of one live cactus in 2002. Gymnocalycium bodenbenderianum (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Argentina. Peru reported the export of one live cactus to Sweden (Source A, Purpose T) in 2004 and Sweden reported the import of one live cactus in 2005. Rebutia fiebrigii (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Argentina and Bolivia. Peru reported the export of one live cactus to Sweden (Source A, Purpose T) in 2004. Sweden did not report this transaction. Rebutia ritteri (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Bolivia. Peru reported the export of one live cactus to Sweden (Source A, Purpose T) in 2004. Sweden did not report this transaction.

ORCHIDACEAE Acineta superba (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Venezuela.. Direct exports to the EC of Acineta superba from Peru, 1997-2005. Purpose T, Source A, live specimens.

Importer Reported by 1993 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2002 2003 2004 2005

France Importer

Exporter 1

Germany Importer 1 1 1 1 1 1

Exporter 1

Italy Importer 1

Exporter

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Importer Reported by 1993 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2002 2003 2004 2005

Spain Importer 1

Exporter 1

UK Importer 1 1 1

Exporter 1 1 1

Total Importer 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1

Exporter 1 2 1 2

Brassia maculata (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Cuba, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica. Germany reported the import of 3 orchids from Peru (Source: A, Purpose: T) between 1997-1999. Peru did not report these transactions.

Bulbophyllum incurvum (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion. Spain reported the import of 1 orchid from Peru (Source: A, Purpose: T) in 2003. Peru did not report this transaction. Catasetum discolor (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in S. Tropical America (French Guyana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil). Peru reported the export of 1 live orchid to Spain (Source: A, Purpose: T) in 2003. Spain reported this transaction. Catasetum imperiale (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Trinidad, Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, N. Brazil. Peru reported the export of 1 live orchid to the United Kingdom (Source: A, Purpose: T) in 2005. The United Kingdom did not report this transaction. Catasetum macroglossum (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Ecuador. Peru reported the export of 1 live orchid to Spain (Source: A, Purpose: T) in 2003. Spain reported this transaction. Peru reported the export of 1 live orchid to Belgium (Source: A, Purpose: T) in 2003. Belgium did not report this transaction. Germany reported the import of 2 orchids from Peru (Source: A, Purpose: T) between 1999-2000. Peru did not report these transactions. Catasetum pileatum (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Trinidad, Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, N. Brazil. The United Kingdom reported the import of 1 orchid from Peru (Source: A, Purpose: T) in 2005. Peru did not report this transaction. Catasetum planiceps (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in French Guyana, Guyana, Surinam, Venezuela and N Brazil. Peru reported the export of 1 live orchid to Spain (Source: A, Purpose: T) in 2003. Spain reported this transaction. Cattleya intermedia (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Brazil. Peru reported the export of 1 live orchid to the United Kingdom (Source: A, Purpose: T) in 2005. The United Kingdom did not report this transaction. Chondrorhyncha lendyana (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Mexico, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama. Belgium reported the import of 1 orchid from Peru (Source: A, Purpose: T) in 2000. Peru did not report this transaction. Peru reported the export of 2 live orchids to Germany (Source: A, Purpose: T) between 2002-2004. Germany did not report these transactions. Coryanthes boyi (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Venezuela and Brazil. Peru reported the export of 1 live orchid to Germany (Source: A, Purpose: T) in 2004. Germany did not report this transaction. Peru

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reported the export of 1 live orchid to France (Source: A, Purpose: T) in 2005. France did not report this transaction. Cyclopogon hennisiannus (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Colombia and Ecuador. Peru reported the export of 1 live orchid to Spain (Source: A, Purpose: T) in 2003. Spain reported this transaction.

Cyrtopodium punctatum (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Argentina and Puerto Rico. Germany reported the import of 1 orchid from Peru (Source: A, Purpose: T) in 1998. Peru did not report this transaction. Italy reported the import of 1 orchid from Peru (Source: A, Purpose: T) in 1997. Peru did not report this transaction. Peru reported the export of 1 orchid to Spain (Source: A, Purpose: T) 2002. Spain did not report this transaction. Peru reported the export of 1 live orchid to Spain (Source: A, Purpose: T) in 2003. Spain reported this transaction. Encyclia fragrans (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Netherlands Antilles, Panama. Direct exports to the EC of Encyclia fragrans from Peru, 1997-2005. Purpose T, Source A, live specimens.

Importer Reported by 1996 1997 2000 2003 2004 2005

France Importer

Exporter 1

Germany Importer 1 1 1

Exporter

Spain Importer 1

Exporter 1 1

UK Importer 1 1

Exporter 1 1

Total Importer 1 1 1 1 1 1

Exporter 1 1 3

Epidendrum ibaguense (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Hong Kong, China , Taiwan, Province of China. Spain reported the import of one live specimen (Purpose T, Source A) from Peru in 2003 and the UK reported the import of two live specimens (Purpose T, Source A) from Peru between 2004 and 2005. Peru also reported these transactions. Epidendrum secundum (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in the Caribbean (Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, Windward Islands), N. & W. South America (Guyana, Venezuela, Bolivia and Colombia). Peru reported the export of two live specimens (Purpose T, Source A), one in 2003 and another one in 2005 to Belgium, and the export of one live specimen (Purpose T, Source A) to Germany, Spain and France in 2002, 2003 and 2005, respectively. Belgium and Spain reported these transactions, whereas France and Germany did not. Galeandra baueri (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in French Guiana to N. Brazil. Direct exports to the EC of Galeandra baueri from Peru, 1997-2005. Source A, live specimens.

Importer Purpose Reported by 1997 1998 1999 2002 2003 2004 2005

Belgium T Importer 1 1 1

Exporter 1 1 1

France T Importer

Exporter 1

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Importer Purpose Reported by 1997 1998 1999 2002 2003 2004 2005

Germany T Importer 1 1

Exporter

Italy P Importer 1

Exporter

T Importer 1

Exporter

Spain T Importer 1

Exporter 1

UK T Importer 1 1

Exporter 1

Total Importer 2 1 1 1 3 1 1

Exporter 1 3 2

Galeandra junceoides (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in SE. & S. Brazil. Peru reported the export of one live specimen (Purpose T, Source A) to Germany in 2003 and of one live specimen (Purpose T, Source A) to both France and the UK in 2005. The UK reported this transaction, but France and Germany did not. Gongora armeniaca (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in C. America (Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Panama). Germany reported the import of one live specimen (Purpose T, Source A) from Peru in 1997. Peru did not report this transaction. Gongora aromatica (Annex B, NE). (N.B. accession countries also involved in this species’ trade, but excluded). Known to occur in C. America (Guatemala and Nicaragua). Belgium and Spain reported the import of one live specimen (Purpose T, Source A) in 2001 and 2003, respectively. Peru also reported these transactions. Gongora nigrita (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in N. South America (Guyana, Suriname, Brazil). Germany reported the import of two live orchids (Purpose T, Source A) from Peru between 1997-1998. Peru did not report these transactions. Gongora rufescens (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Colombia to Ecuador. Peru reported the export of one live specimen (Purpose T, Source A) to Germany in 2002. Germany did not report this transaction. Peru reported the export of one live specimen (Purpose T, Source A) to Spain in 2005. Spain did not report this transaction. Huntleya meleagris (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Trinidad, Guyana, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Belize and S. and E. Brazil. Peru reported the export of one live specimen (Purpose T, Source A) to both Belgium and Spain in 2003, and to the UK in 2005. Belgium, Spain and the UK also reported these transactions. Kefersteinia gemma (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Colombia and Ecuador. Peru reported the export of one live orchid (Purpose T, Source A) to Spain in 2003. Spain also reported this transaction.

17

Kefersteinia graminea (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Colombia and Venezuela. Direct exports to the EC of Kerfersteinia graminea from Peru, 1997-2005. Purpose T, Source A, live specimens.

Importer Reported by 1997 1998 2002 2003 2005

Belgium Importer 1

Exporter 1 1


Exporter 1

Spain Importer 1

Exporter 1

UK Importer 1

Exporter

Total Importer 1 1 1 2 1

Exporter 1 3

Lepanthes inornata (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Costa Rica and El Salvador. Peru reported the export of one live orchid (Purpose T, Source A) to Spain in 2003. Spain also reported this transaction. Lockhartia pittieri (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in C. America to Ecuador (Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama, Ecuador). Peru reported the export of one live orchid (Purpose T, Source A) to Spain in 2003. Spain also reported this transaction. Lockhartia serra (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Ecuador. Peru reported the export of one live orchid (Purpose T, Source A) to Germany in 2001. Germany did not report this transaction. Masdevallia angulata (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in S. Colombia to Ecuador. Germany reported the import of one live orchid (Purpose T, Source A) from Peru in 1998. Peru did not report this transaction. Masdevallia coccinea (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Colombia. Peru reported the export of one live orchid (Purpose T, Source A) to Germany in 2002. Germany did not report this transaction. Peru reported the export of one live orchid (Purpose T, Source A) to the UK in 2005. The UK did not report this transaction. Masdevallia dura (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Ecuador. Germany reported the import of one live orchid (Purpose T, Source A) from Peru in 1997. Peru did not report this transaction. Masdevallia maloi (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Ecuador. Peru reported the export of one live orchid (Purpose T, source A) to France, Germany and the UK in 2005. The UK reported this transaction, but France and Germany did not. Masdevallia strobelii (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in SE. Ecuador. Direct exports to the EC of Masdevallia strobelii from Peru, 1997-2005. Purpose T, Source A, live specimens.


France Importer

Exporter 1


18


Exporter 1

Spain Importer 1

Exporter 1

UK Importer 1 1

Exporter 1

Total Importer 2 1 1 1 1

Exporter 1 1

Masdevallia vieirana (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Colombia. Germany reported the import of one live specimen (Purpose T, Source A) from Peru in 1997. Peru did not report this transaction. Masdevallia xanthina (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Colombia to Ecuador. Peru reported the export of one live specimen (Purpose T, Source A) to France in 2005. France did not report this transaction. Peru reported the export of one live specimen (Purpose T, Source A) to the UK in 2005. The UK also reported this transaction. Maxillaria campanulata (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Costa Rica to Ecuador. Peru reported the export of one live orchid (Purpose T, Source A) to Spain in 2003. Spain also reported this transaction. Maxillaria lehmannii (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Ecuador. Peru reported the export of one live orchid (Purpose T, Source A) to Spain in 2003. Spain also reported this transaction. Maxillaria serrulata (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Costa Rica. Peru reported the export of one live orchid (Purpose T, Source A) to Spain in 2003. Spain also reported this transaction. Maxillaria tenuifolia (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Mexico to C. America. (Mexico, B elize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua). Peru reported the export of one live orchid (Purpose T, Source A) to Belgium in 2005. Belgium also reported this transaction. Maxillaria valenzuelana (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Tropical America (Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Cuba, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, North, East and South Brazil). Peru reported the export of one live orchid (Purpose T, Source A) to Spain in 2003. Spain also reported this transaction. Peru reported the export of one live orchid (Purpose T, Source A) to the UK in 2005. The UK did not report this transaction. Miltoniopsis roezlii (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Panama, Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador. Direct exports to the EC of Miltoniopsis roezlii from Peru, 1997-2005. Purpose T, Source A, live specimens. (N.B. Accession countries have been excluded from the table)


Belgium Importer 1

Exporter

Germany Importer

Exporter 1

Italy Importer 1

Exporter

Spain Importer 1

Exporter 1 1

UK Importer 1

19


Exporter 1

Total Importer 1 1 1 1

Exporter 1 1 2

Mormodes lineata (Annex B, NE) Known to occur in Mexico to C. America (Mexico, Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras). Peru reported the export of one live orchid (Purpose T, Source A) to Spain in 2003. Spain also reported this transaction. Notylia barkeri (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, N. Brazil. Germany reported the import from Peru of two live orchids (purpose t, source a) between 1997-1998. Peru did not report these transactions. Italy reported the import from Peru of one live orchid (purpose t, source a) in 1997. Peru did not report this transaction. Oeoniella polystachys (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in W. Indian Ocean (Comoros, Mauritius, Madagascar, Reunion). Peru reported the export of one live orchid (Purpose T, Source A) to Spain in 2003. Spain also reported this transaction. Oncidium fasciculatum (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Mexico, El Salvador and Guatemala. Spain reported the import from Peru of on e live orchid (Purpose T, Source A) in 2003. Peru did not report this transaction. Oncidium xanthornis (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Colombia to Ecuador. Peru reported the export of one live orchid (Purpose T, Source A) from Peru in 2002. Spain did not report this trade. Paphinia neudeckeri (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Colombia to Ecuador. Direct exports to the EC of Paphinia neudeckeri from Peru, 1997-2005. Purpose T, Source A, live specimens.

Peristeria rossiana (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in S. Tropical America (Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, Colombia, N. Brazil). Peru reported the export of one live orchid (Purpose T, Source A) to Spain in 2003. Spain also reported this transaction. Phragmipedium caricinum (Annex A, NE). Known to occur in Bolivia to Brazil. Direct exports to the EC of Phragmipedium caricinum from Peru, 1997-2005. Purpose T, live specimens.

Importer Reported by 2003 2005

Belgium Importer 1

Exporter 1

France Importer

Exporter 1

Spain Importer 1

Exporter 1

UK Importer

Exporter 1

Total Importer 1 1

Exporter 1 3

20

Importer Source Reported by 2002 2003 2004 2005

Belgium A Importer 1

Exporter 1

D Importer

Exporter 1

France D Importer

Exporter 1

Germany D Importer

Exporter 1

UK A Importer 1

Exporter 1

Total Importer 1 1

Exporter 1 1 1 2

Phragmipedium wallisii (Annex A, NE). Known to occur in Colombia and Ecuador. Direct exports to the EC of Phragmipedium wallisii from Peru, 1997-2005. Purpose T.

Importer Term Units Source Reported by 2002 2003 2005

Belgium live - A Importer 1

Exporter 1

France live - D Importer

Exporter 1

Germany live - D Importer

Exporter 1

Spain live - A Importer

Exporter 1

D Importer 1

Exporter

UK cultures flasks D Importer

Exporter 1

live - D Importer

Exporter 1

Total Importer 2

Exporter 1 2 3

Platystele acicularis (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Ecuador. Peru reported the export of one live orchid (Purpose T, Source A) to France and to the UK in 2005. The UK also reported this transaction, but France did not. Restrepia elegans (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Colombia to NW Venezuela. Direct exports to the EC of Restrepia elegans from Peru, 1997-2005. Purpose T, Source A, live specimens.

Importer Reported by 2003 2004 2005

Belgium Importer 1

Exporter 1 1

Germany Importer 1

Exporter 1

21


Spain Importer 1

Exporter 1

UK Importer 1 1

Exporter 1 1 1

Total Importer 4 1

Exporter 4 1 2

Restrepia sanguinea (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Colombia. Germany reported the import from Peru of one live orchid (Purpose T, Source A) in 1998. Peru did not report this transaction. Rodriguezia leeanna (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Ecuador and E. and N. Brazil. Direct exports to the EC of Rodriguezia leanna from Peru, 1997-2005. Purpose T, Source A, live specimens.

Importer Reported by 1997 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Belgium Importer 1

Exporter 1

France Importer

Exporter 1

Germany Importer 1 1 1 1 1 1

Exporter 1 1 1

Total Importer 1 1 2 1 1 1 1

Exporter 2 1 1 1

Scaphosepalum dalstroemii (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Ecuador. Peru reported the export of one live orchid (Purpose T, Source A) to Belgium and Germany in 2003 and to France in 2005. Belgium, Germany and France did not report these transactions.

Schlimmia alpina (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Colombia to Ecuador. Peru reported the export of one live orchid (Purpose T, Source A) to Spain in 2003. Spain also reported this transaction. Schlimmia condorana (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in SE. Ecuador. Direct exports to the EC of Schlimmia condorana from Peru, 1997-2005. Purpose T, Source A, live specimens.


Belgium Importer 1 1

Exporter 1 1

France Importer

Exporter 1

Germany Importer 1 1

Exporter 1 1

Total Importer 2 1 1

Exporter 2 1 2

Schomburgkia undulata (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Costa Rica, Trinidad, Venezuela and Colombia. Germany reported the import from Peru of two live orchids (Purpose T, Source A) between 1997-1999. Peru did not report these transactions.

22

Spiranthes spp. (Annex A/B, NE). Known to occur in Eurasia to Australia, N. Africa, N. & C. America to Caribbean. Italy reported the import of one live specimen (Purpose T, Source A) in 1997 and one live specimen (Purpose P, Source A) in 1999 from Peru. Peru did not report any of these transactions. Trichocentrum cebolleta (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in S. Caribbean, Mexico to NE. Argentina (Mexico, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Leeward Islands, Trinidad and Tobago, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil, E. Argentina, and Paraguay). Direct exports to the EC of Trichocentrum cebolleta from Peru, 1997-2005. Purpose T, Source A, live specimens. (N.B. Accession countries have been excluded from the table)

Importer Reported by 1997 1999 2000 2003 2004 2005

France Importer

Exporter 1


Exporter 1 1

Spain Importer 1

Exporter 1

Total Importer 1 1 1 1

Exporter 2 1 1

Trichopilia suavis (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia. Germany reported the import of one live specimen (Purpose T, Source A) from Peru in 1999. Peru did not report this transaction. Peru reported the export of one live specimen (Purpose T, Source A) to the UK in 2005. The UK did not report this transaction. Trichopilia tortilis (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Mexico, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Panama. Germany reported the import from Peru of three live orchids (Purpose T, Source A) between 1997-1999. Peru did not report these transactions. Trichotosia spp. (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in China to Tropical Asia and SW Pacific. Peru reported the export to the UK of one live orchid (Purpose T, Source W) in 1997. The UK did not report this transaction. Vanda spp. (Annex B, NE). Known to occur in Tropical and Subtropical Asia to NW Pacific. Peru reported the export of one live orchid (Purpose T, Source A) to Spain in 2002. Spain did not report this transaction.

23

6. GLOBALLY THREATENED SPECIES REPORTED AS EXPORTS TO EC-25 FROM PERU SINCE 1997 (EXCLUDING THOSE SPECIES NOT KNOWN TO OCCUR IN PERU). Note. See Annex 1 for a guide to Red List criteria

AVES SPHENISCIFORMES SPHENISCIDAE Spheniscus humboldti (Annex A, VU)

Importer Term Purpose Reported by 2001

Spain live E Importer

Exporter 18

GALLIFORMES CRACIDAE Penelope albipennis (Annex A, CR)

Importer Term Purpose Source Reported by 1997

Belgium live B W Importer 2

Exporter

E C Importer

Exporter 2

REPTILIA TESTUDINES TESTUDINIDAE Geochelone denticulata (Annex B, VU)

Importer Term Purpose Reported

by 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

France carapace Q Importer

Exporter 10

Germany live T Importer 50

Exporter 70 50

Italy live T Importer 110

Exporter 110

Netherlands live Importer 34

Exporter

Spain live P Importer

Exporter 1

T Importer 13 196 47 172 15

Exporter 196 47 172 30

24

PELOMEDUSIDAE Podocnemis unifilis (Annex B, VU)

Importer Term Purpose source Reported by 2001 2002 2003 2004

Germany live T C Importer

Exporter 100

Italy live T C Importer 99 250

Exporter 100 299

Spain live T C Importer 50 50

Exporter 254 50

Z W Importer 6

Exporter 6

FLORA SAPINDALES MELIACEAE Cedrela odorata (Annex C, VU) Units: m3, except for carvings (unspecified units)


by 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Belgium sawn wood T Importer

Exporter 12.84

France carvings Q Importer

Exporter 2

Germany sawn wood T Importer

Exporter 0.083 2.84 10.328 17.5992

veneer T Importer

Exporter 0.00144

Hungary sawn wood T Importer

Exporter 25.249

Italy sawn wood T Importer

Exporter 210.8 0.3915

Netherlands sawn wood T Importer

Exporter 34.942

Spain carvings T Importer

Exporter 226

sawn wood T Importer 26 12.07 15.115 9.051

Exporter 300.977 121.46 15.1151 33.4517

veneer T Importer

25


by 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Exporter 0.294

Sweden sawn wood T Importer

Exporter 38.65

United Kingdom

sawn wood T Importer

Exporter 97.17 33.03 599.387 332.7889

Swietenia macrophylla (Annex B, VU) Units: m3 unless otherwise indicated


by 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Belgium sawn wood T Importer 236.071

Exporter

timber T Importer 74.21

Exporter

Denmark sawn wood T Importer 33 26 97 61.171

Exporter 272.9 343.53 93.77 31.1705

unspecified Importer 206.61

Exporter

Finland sawn wood T Importer

Exporter 19.6

France sawn wood T Importer 34.34 29.184

Exporter 62.6 29.184

Germany sawn wood T Importer 18.804 239.132 304.266 190.858

Exporter 0.219 5.35 55.69 203.66 303.266 263.875

Ireland sawn wood T Importer 41.423 27.767 16.516

Exporter 18.19 18.33 16.352

Italy sawn wood T Importer

Exporter 97.96 23.3 0.1439

unspecified Importer 23.3

Exporter

timber T Importer 9

Exporter

Netherlands sawn wood T Importer 35.487

Exporter 25.52

Spain sawn wood T Importer

415 (+ 8248

kg) 249 61 253.423 84.557 86.188

Exporter 576.934 61.42 49.13 446.36 44.69 86.3535

Importer 32

Exporter

timber T Importer 30

Exporter

Importer 64 (+

188395

26


by 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

kg)

Exporter

Sweden sawn wood T Importer 57.56 51.494 117.09 62.95 25.06 205.569

Exporter 99.99 143.86 213.67 61.13 25.06 205.573

United Kingdom sawn wood T Importer 61.58

Exporter 663.304 89.37 94.22 62.939 261.55 128.05 94.4012

Importer 58.245 20541 (in kg)

Exporter

27

ANNEX 1. TRADE IN CITES-LISTED SPECIES FROM PERU TO EU-25, 1976-2005, AS REPORTED BY BOTH TRADING PARTNERS. The following abbreviations are used: √ Species does occur in Peru Species does not occur in Peru Red List CR Critically Endangered EN Endangered VU Vulnerable DD Data Deficient LR/nt Lower Risk/near threatened NT Near Threatened LR/lc Lower Risk/least concern LC Least Concern NE Not Evaluated / Not applicable (genus level)

Taxon Occurs in PE

EC Annex

IUCN Red List

Reported by PE as exports to the

EC 1976-1996 (% global trade)

Reported by EC as imports from

PE 1976-1996 (% global trade)





Notes:

MAMMALIA

PRIMATES

Primates spp. √ A/B / 1 live (1%)

Callithricidae √

Callithrix pygmaea √ B NE 8 live (3%) 4 live (1%)

Saguinus spp. √ A/B / 1 live (

28

Taxon Occurs in PE

EC Annex

IUCN Red List









Notes:

Saguinus fuscicollis √ B LC 7 live (1%) 8 live (2%) 8 live (2%)

Saguinus imperator √ B LC 1 live (8%)

Saguinus mystax √ B LC

15 specimens (94%)

15 specimens (94%)

Saguinus nigricollis √ B LC 10 live (100%) 10 live (71%)

Cebidae

Alouatta seniculus √ B LC 1 live (100%)

Aotus nancymaae √ B LC 22 live (2%) 22 live (3%)

Aotus trivirgatus B LC

1 live (

29

Taxon Occurs in PE

EC Annex

IUCN Red List









Notes:

Myrmecophagidae

Myrmecophaga tridactyla √ B NT

1 skin (100%)

1 skin import reported in 2000 was of unknown origin.

CETACEA

Ziphiidae

Mesoplodon peruvianus √ A DD 2 skulls (100%) 1 skull (100%)

Physeteridae

Physeter catodon √ A 1080 kg oil (100%)

CARNIVORA

Canidae

Pseudalopex culpaeus √ B LC 2 live (100%), 4 skins (100%)

4 garments (100%)

Procyonidae

Potos flavus √ C LR/lc 2 live (100%)

Mustelidae

Lutrinae spp. √ A/B / 8417 skins (100%)

Lontra longicaudis enudris √ A DD

2883 skins (100%)

569 skins reportedas imports before 1997 were of origin Paraguay.

30

Taxon Occurs in PE

EC Annex

IUCN Red List









Notes:

Lontra longicaudis incarum √ A DD

648 skins (100%)

648 skins reported imports before 1997 were of origin Paraguay.

Felidae

Felidae spp. √ A/B / 1 teeth (11%)

Leopardus spp. √ A /

10 skins (14%), 60 skulls (86%)

Leopardus pardalis √ A LC

27731 skins (100%) 2 skins (

31

Taxon Occurs in PE

EC Annex

IUCN Red List









Notes:

PROBOSCIDEAE

Elephantidae

Loxodonta africana A/B VU

3 ivory carvings (43%), 7 kg of tusks (26%)

1 ivory carvings (14%)

3 ivory carvings reported as imports in 1990 were of unknown origin.

ARTIODACTYLA

Tayassuidae

Pecari tajacu √ B LR/lc

6590 kg skin pieces (99.5%), 37.904 m skin pieces (100%), 183 skin pieces (25.6%), 36 kg skin scraps (100%), 695 kg skins (100%)

1622 pairs garments (100%), 210 garments (100%), 368 kg skin pieces (100%), 13394 skin pieces (100%), 10 kg skin scraps (100%), 2621 skin scraps (100%), 574 kg skins (100%), 25.548 m skins (100%), 400 m2 skins (100%), 2002 pairs of skins (100%), 430460 skins (97.5%), 181 pairs small leather products (100%), 932 small leather

7355 pairs garments (57%), 6405 garments (69.1%), 490 kg skin pieces (100%), 3 skin scraps (100%), 40 kg skins (100%), 399305 skins (96.7%), 1020 small leather products (100%), 12 specimens (100%)

12337 pairs garments (93.2%), 1701 garments (61.8%), 10 large leather products (100%), 134 kg skin pieces (100%), 826 skin pieces (100%), 1677 kg skins (100%), 440519 skins (98.2%), 25 kg small leather products (100%), 1680 pairs (88.1%), 2051 small leather products (51.1%)

Quotas of: - 71550 in 1997 - 55400 in 2000 - 67700 in 2001 - 68200 in 2003 - 67450 in 2004, 2005, 2006

32

Taxon Occurs in PE

EC Annex

IUCN Red List









Notes:

products (100%)

Tayassu spp. √ B /

3708 skin pieces (100%), 2362 skin scraps (100%), 57916 skins (100%)

450 skins (100%)

Tayassu pecari √ B LR/lc

3227 kg skin pieces (99.8%), 27.871 m skin pieces (100%), 76 kg skin scraps (100%), 684.5 kg skins (100%), 120222 skins (95%), 1540 small leather products (100%)

840 skin pieces (100%), 395 kg skins (100%), 19.974 m skins (100%), 67494 skins (93.5%)

160 pairs of garments (5.8%), 4713 garments (64%), 310 kg skin pieces (100%), 2280 kg skins (99%), 140255 skins (94%)

4224 shoes (100%), 445 skins kg (100%), 155242 (97%), 100 small leather products kg (100%), 601 pairs of garments (90%), 572 bodies (49%), 268 kg skin pieces (100%)

Quotas of: - 44300 tanned skins in 1997 - 40980 skins and manufactured products in 2000 - 36500 tanned skins in 2001 - 36500 skins and leather products in 2003 - 35500 skins and leather products in 2004, 2005, 2006

Camelidae

33

Taxon Occurs in PE

EC Annex

IUCN Red List









Notes:

Lama guanicoe √ B LR/lc

2 skins (6%)

2 cloth (25%), 38.4kg garments (80%), 146 garments (61%), 180.7 kg hair (29%), 184 specimens (68%)

184 specimens (100%), 180.7 kg hair (100%), 59 garments (19%)

Between 1997-2005 all reported trade was of origin Argentina (except for specimens).

Vicugna vicugna √ A LR/cd

6 kg cloth (100%), 2112.6 m cloth (100%), 3799.17 kg hair (99.9%), 150 skins (100%), 75 kg specimens (100%)

767.856 kg cloth (100%), 803.1 m cloth (100%), 3180 kg hair (100%), 4 live (66.6%)

151.9 m cloth (34.6%), 1232 garments (40.5%), 19865.782 kg hair (98.6%), 141 specimens (88%)

424.08 kg cloth (64%), 206.8 m cloth (77%), 63.85 m2 cloth (85%), 18 cloth (52%), 684 garments (45%), 600 g hair (100%), 18899.3 kg hair (99%), 69 hair (100%), 47 plates (100%), 16 skins (100%), 240 specimens (100%)

In 2004, 6 exported garments were origin Argentina.

Cervidae

Hippocamelus antisensis √ A DD 2 live (100%)

Mazama americana cerasina C NE 444 skins (100%)

Bovidae

Antilope cervicapra C NT

3 skins (100%), 3 skulls (100%)

AVES

34

Taxon Occurs in PE

EC Annex

IUCN Red List









Notes:

SPHENISCIFORMES

Spheniscidae

Spheniscus humboldti √ A VU 18 live (58%)

CICONIIFORMES

Ardeidae

Bubulcus ibis √ A LC 70 live (85%)

Casmerodius albus √ A LC

1000 feathers (50%)

FALCONIFORMES

Cathartidae

Vultur gryphus √ A NT 1 live (33%) 1 live (33%)

Accipitridae

Accipiter bicolor √ B LC 15 live (75%) 11 live (65%)

Buteo albonotatus √ B LC 1 live (2%) 87 live (88%) 57 live (89%)

Buteo magnirostris √ B LC 10 live (71%) 1 live (100%) 4 live (29%)

Buteo platypterus √ B LC 61 live (91%) 52 live (96%)

Buteo poecilochrous √ B LC

1 live (1%) , 1 body (100%)

34 live (72%) 58 live (87%)

Buteo polyosoma √ B LC 61 live (27%) 1 body (100%) 105 live (46%) 96 live (73%)

Geranoaetus melanoleucus √ B LC 8 live (3%) 9 live (4%) 215 live (87%) 186 live (93%)

35

Taxon Occurs in PE

EC Annex

IUCN Red List









Notes:

Parabuteo unicinctus √ B LC 12 live (6%) 8 live (4%) 119 live (59%) 117 live (63%)

Spizaetus tyrannus √ B LC 1 live (100%)

Falconidae

Falconidae spp. √ A/B /

1 body (100%)

In 1987 1 imported body was of unknown origin

Falco spp. √ B /

1600 feathers (67%)

Falco femoralis √ B LC 10 live (7%) 82 live (55%) 68 live (68%)

Falco peregrinus √ A LC 13 live (87%) 6 live (100%)

Falco rufigularis √ B LC 1 live (50%)

Falco sparverius √ B LC 173 live (19%)

1 body (100%), 39 live (6%)

159 live (17%) 160 live (24%)

Milvago chimachima √ B LC 5 live (71%)

Phalcoboenus albogularis B LC 1 live (100%)

Phalcoboenus megalopterus √ B LC 7 live (9%) 68 live (84%) 57 live (90%)

Polyborus plancus √ B NE 19 live (11%) 10 live (7%) 140 live (79%) 122 live (84%)

GALLIFORMES

Cracidae

Penelope albipennis √ A CR 2 live (50%) 2 live (25%)

PSITTACIFORMES

36

Taxon Occurs in PE

EC Annex

IUCN Red List









Notes:

Psittacidae

Psittacidae spp. √ A/B /

1 body (50%)

In 2003 1 imported body was of unknown origin

Amazona spp. √ A/B /

9000 feathers (50%)

Amazona aestiva B LC 100 live (98%)

Amazona amazonica √ B LC 2 live (18%)

Amazona farinosa √ B LC

1500 feathers (50%), 1 live (11%)

Amazona festiva √ B LC 1 live (7%) 1 live (14%) 1 live (7%)

Amazona leucocephala √ A NT 1 live (50%)

In 2003, 1 live export was origin Cuba.

Amazona ochrocephala √ B LC 1 live (4%) 8 live (31%) 3 live (23%)

Amazona ochrocephala auropalliata B NE

1 live (100%)

In 1994, 1 live import was origin Guatemala.

Ara spp. √ A/B /

24000 feathers (67%)

Ara ararauna √ B LC 1 live (3%) 20 live (36%) 8 live (22%)

Ara macao √ A LC 1 live (10%)

Aratinga spp. √ B /

5000 feathers (50%)

37

Taxon Occurs in PE

EC Annex

IUCN Red List









Notes:

Aratinga erythrogenys √ B NT 5764 live (11%) 6696 live (9%) 47 live (

38

Taxon Occurs in PE

EC Annex

IUCN Red List









Notes:

Brotogeris jugularis B LC 500 live (100%)

Brotogeris pyrrhopterus √ B NE 3597 live (6%) 1126 live (1%) 1 live (

39

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Psittacula krameri √ C LC

3 live (100%)

In 1994, 3 live imports were origin Guinee-Bissau.

Psittacus erithacus √ B LC 2 live (40%)

In 1991, 2 live exports were origin Africa.

STRIGIFORMES

Tytonidae

Tyto alba √ A LC 66 live (25%)

Strigidae

Asio clamator √ B LC 46 live (47%) 28 live (62%)

Asio flammeus √ A LC 10 live (50%)

Bubo virginianus √ B LC 10 live (6%) 40 live (25%) 56 live (47%)

Glaucidium brasilianum √ B LC 120 live (10%) 26 live (3%) 179 live (15%) 155 live (18%)

Glaucidium peruanum √ B LC 50 live (100%)

Otus choliba √ B LC 22 live (38%) 9 live (30%)

Otus roboratus √ B LC 26 live (38%) 7 live (27%)

Otus watsonii √ B LC 26 live (38%) 5 live (17%)

Pulsatrix melanota √ B LC 64 live (80%) 8 live (100%)

Pulsatrix perspicillata √ B LC 61 live (69%) 18 live (56%)

Speotyto cunicularia √ B LC 147 live (13%) 46 live (6%) 167 live (14%) 124 live (16%)

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Strix huhula √ B LC 4 live (50%) 4 live (100%)

Strix virgata √ B LC 4 live (50%)

APODIFORMES

Trochilidae

Trochilidae spp. √ A/B / 120 live (41%)

Aglaeactis cupripennis √ B LC 343 live (45%) 194 live (58%) 171 live (22%) 74 live (22%)

Quota of 250 in 1997

Aglaiocercus kingi √ B LC 40 live (36%) 40 live (55%) 19 live (17%) 29 live (40%)

Agyrtria franciae √ B LC 237 live (59%) 235 live (77%) 90 live (22%) 58 live (19%)

Quota of 60 in 1997

Amazilia spp. √ B / 15 live (100%)

Amazilia amazilia √ B LC 1691 live (40%) 1799 live (58%) 977 live (23%) 627 live (20%)


Anthracothorax prevostii √ B LC 3 live (100%) 3 live (100%)

Chalcostigma olivaceum √ B LC 60 live (36%) 41 live (60%) 23 live (14%)

Coeligena coeligena √ B LC 20 live (30%) 43 live (68%) 43 live (64%)

Coeligena iris √ B LC 120 live (24%) 110 live (52%) 118 live (24%) 44 live (21%)

Coeligena torquata √ B LC 40 live (59%) 40 live (71%) 22 live (32%) 16 live (29%)

Coeligena violifer √ B LC 31 live (97%) 13 live (100%)

Colibri coruscans √ B LC 905 live (31%) 1133 live (55%) 687 live (23%) 498 live (24%)


Colibri delphinae √ B LC 20 live (100%) 2 live (100%)

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Colibri thalassinus √ B LC 10 live (40%) 20 live (100%)

Damophila julie √ B LC 85 live (61%) 90 live (70%) 40 live (29%) 38 live (30%)

Ensifera ensifera √ B LC 25 live (100%) 19 live (100%)

Florisuga mellivora √ B LC 34 live (71%) 13 live (76%)

Glaucis hirsuta √ B LC 30 live (83%) 18 live (82%)

Heliangelus viola √ B LC 295 live (78%) 290 live (90%) 51 live (13%) 20 live (6%)

Heliodoxa rubinoides √ B LC 28 live (100%) 20 live (100%)

Heliomaster longirostris √ B LC 55 live (82%) 16 live (100%)

Heliothryx aurita √ B LC 12 live (75%)

Lesbia nuna √ B LC 981 live (44%) 444 live (40%) 758 live (34%) 436 live (39%)


Lesbia victoriae √ B LC 185 live (54%) 120 live (60%) 81 live (24%) 51 live (25%)


Leucippus baeri √ B LC 1365 live (94%) 790 live (100%)


Leucippus chionogaster √ B LC 10 live (63%)

Leucippus taczanowskii √ B LC 253 live (85%) 343 live (85%) 20 live (7%) 10 live (2%)


Metallura phoebe √ B LC 325 live (60%) 115 live (53%) 122 live (23%) 52 live (24%)


Metallura tyrianthina √ B LC 152 live (62%) 136 live (70%) 61 live (25%) 19 live (10%)


Myrtis fanny √ B LC 1571 live (52%) 1176 live (61%) 902 live (30%) 415 live (22%)


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Ocreatus underwoodii √ B LC 50 live (100%) 50 live (100%)

Oreonympha nobilis √ B LC 116 live (92%)

Oreotrochilus estella √ B LC 159 live (40%) 52 live (36%) 117 live (29%) 30 live (21%)

Quota of 55 in 1997

Oreotrochilus melanogaster √ B LC 61 live (22%) 25 live (20%) 104 live (38%) 50 live (40%)

Quota of 25 in 1997

Patagona gigas √ B LC 104 live (26%) 49 live (27%) 113 live (28%) 37 live (20%)


Phaethornis griseogularis √ B LC 20 live (33%) 8 live (67%)

Phaethornis superciliosus B LC 40 live (45%) 40 live (77%) 12 live (14%) 12 live (23%)

Polyerata fimbriata √ B LC 12 live (48%)

Polyonymus caroli √ B LC 385 live (25%) 431 live (39%) 744 live (48%) 312 live (28%)


Pterophanes cyanopterus √ B LC 15 live (100%)

Rhodopis vesper √ B LC 702 live (42%) 790 live (50%) 503 live (30%) 314 live (20%)


Thalurania furcata √ B LC 65 live (89%) 65 live (100%)

Thaumastura spp. √ B / 15 live (100%)

Thaumastura cora √ B LC

1662 live (52%) 1095 live (57%) 877 live (28%) 500 live (26%)

Between 1976-1996, 20 imports were origin United Kingdom.

Threnetes niger √ B LC 14 live (67%)

PICIFORMES

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Ramphastidae

Ramphastos spp. √ B /

15 derivatives (50%)

Ramphastos toco √ B LC 1 live (11%) 3 live (43%)

PASSERIFORMES

Cotingidae

Rupicola peruviana √ B LC

4 live (6%) 1 body (100%), 5 live (11%)

In 2001, 1 imported body was of unknown origin.

Fringillidae

Carduelis atrata √ D LC 657 live (100%)

REPTILIA

TESTUDINES

Emydidae

Trachemys scripta B LR/nt 2 live (100%)

Testudinidae

Geochelone spp. √ A/B / 1 live (20%)

Geochelone carbonaria √ B NE 11 live (92%) 3 live (75%)

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Geochelone denticulata √ B VU

2 carapaces (33%), 4 live (

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Notes:

imported carving was of unknown origin.

Caiman crocodilus crocodilus √ B NE

2 bodies (9%), 2852 skins (100%)

120 live (92%) 42 live (54%)

In 1995, 1 imported body was of unknown origin.

Caiman latirostris A/B LR/lc 1 skull (17%)

Caiman yacare B LR/lc 5844 skins (100%), 1934 m skins (100%)

Before 1997, all skin exports were origin Paraguay

Melanosuchus niger √ A LR/lc

1 skull (20%), 1 trophy (100%)

30 skulls (67%)

Palaeosuchus palpebrosus √ B LR/lc 1 body (100%)

Paleosuchus trigonatus √ B LR/lc 1 skull (100%)

SAURIA

Iguanidae

Conolophus subcristatus B VU 3 live (100%)

Iguana iguana √ B NE

7434 live (9%)

300 handbags (100%), 12272 live (10%), 40 skins (4%)

1520 live (2%) 1470 live (1%)

In 1985, 40 imported skins were of unknown origin. Quotas of: - 4000 live in 1997, 2001

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Notes:

- 5000 live in 2003, 2004, 2005 - 500 live in 2006

Teiidae

Dracaena guianensis √ B NE 65 live (11%) 35 live (10%)

Tupinambis teguixin √ B NE

1 body (100%), 1969 skins (100%)

68 live (19%) 20 live (17%)

SERPENTES

Pythonidae

Python reticulatus B NE

13 shoes (2%)

Before 1997, all imported shoes were origin Thailand

Boidae

Boidae spp. √ A/B / 1 skin (17%)

Boa constrictor √ B NE 1 live (

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Notes:

origin.

Colubridae

Clelia clelia √ B NE 1 specimen (100%)

AMPHIBIA

ANURA

Dendrobatidae

Dendrobates spp. √ B / 250 live (15%)

Dendrobates histrionicus B LC 150 live (100%)

Dendrobates imitator √ B LC

125 live (18%)

Quota of 500 ranched individuals in 2006

Dendrobates quinquevittatus √ B LC 10 live (100%)

Dendrobates reticulatus √ B LC 125 live (10%)

Epipedobates femoralis √ B NE

15 specimens (100%)

Epipedobates pictus √ B LC 161 live (13%)

Epipedobates trivittatus √ B LC

152 live (7%) 102 live (17%)

Quota of 400 ranched individuals in 2006

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ACTINOPTERYGII

OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES

Osteoglossidae

Arapaima gigas √ B DD

93 live (1%) , 18.3 kg of bodies (79%) , 150 kg of scales (44%) ,

92 live (1%)

SYNGNATHIFORMES

Syngnathidae

Hippocampus kuda B VU 16 live (100%)

ARACHNIDA

ARANEA

Theraphosidae

Aphonopelma spp. B NE 23 bodies (100%)

SCORPIONES

Scorpionidae

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Pandinus imperator B NE 44 bodies (100%)

GASTROPODA

MESOGASTROPODA

Strombidae

Strombus gigas B NE

10000 kg bodies (100%)

Between 1997-2005 all exported bodies were of unknown origin.

ANTHOZOA

SCLERACTINIA

Scleractinia spp. √ B / 1 raw coral (100%)

FLORA

Bromeliaceae

Tillandsia spp. √ B / 3030 live (63%)

Cactaceae

Cactaceae spp. √ A/B / 71065 live (63%), 65 kg live (65%), 14 kg seeds (74%)

1210 live (2%) 2942 stems (46%), 250 live (

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Ariocarpus agavoides A VU 4 live (100%)

Armatocereus spp. √ B / 908 live (100%)

Armatocereus laetus √ B NE 15 live (100%)

Armatocereus matucanensis √ B NE 1 live (13%) 2 live (50%)

Armatocereus procerus √ B NE 4 live (33%)

Arthrocereus spp. B / 60 live (100%)

Astrophytum spp. A / 5 live (100%)

Astrophytum myriostigma B NE 5 live (14%)

Blossfeldia spp. B / 57 live (4%) 15 live (8%)

Blossfeldia liliputana B NE 25 live (2%) 10 live (1%)

Browningia spp. √ B / 30 live (100%)

Browningia chlorocarpa √ B NE 1 live (25%)

Browningia hertlingiana √ B NE 3 live (50%) 3 live (33%) 3 live (50%)

Browningia microsperma √ B NE 5 live (63%)

Calymmanthium substerile √ B NE 2 live (17%) 2 live (40%)

Cereus spp. √ B / 20 live (100%)

Cereus validus B NE 30 live (70%)

Cleistocactus spp. √ B / 23 live (51%) 1749 live (95%)

Cleistocactus acanthurus acanthurus √ B NE 5 live (100%)

Cleistocactus buchtienii B NE 10 live (100%)

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Cleistocactus fieldianus √ B NE 1 live (20%)

Cleistocactus fieldianus fieldianus √ B NE 2 live (100%)

Cleistocactus fieldianus samnensis √ B NE 1 live (33%)

Cleistocactus icosagonus √ B NE 1 live (100%)

Cleistocactus peculiaris √ B NE 3 live (50%)

Cleistocactus strausii B NE 3 live (100%)

Copiapoa spp. B /

65 live (22%) 1411 live (46%)

Between 1976-1996, 101 live imports were origin Chile.

Copiapoa calderana B NE 50 live (81%) 2 live (6%) 2 live (3%)

Copiapoa calderana calderana B NE 50 live (77%)

Copiapoa cinerascens B NE 30 live (17%) 40 live (33%)

Copiapoa cinerea B NE 50 live (8%) 120 live (20%) 95 live (16%) 20 live (3%)

Copiapoa cinerea haseltoniana B NE 50 live (20%) 47 live (19%)

Copiapoa cinerea krainziana B NE 1 live (100%)

Copiapoa coquimbana B NE 1 live (3%)

Copiapoa echinoides B NE 10 live (9%) 50 live (52%) 20 live (18%)

Copiapoa serpentisulcata B NE 7 live (100%)

Copiapoa solaris B NE 2 live (67%)

Corryocactus spp. √ A/B / 17 live (77%)

Corryocactus brevistylus √ B NE

1238 live (28%), 1190 stems (21%)

2578 stems (100%)

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Discocactus spp. A /

98 live (95%)

Between 1976-1996, 2 live imports were origin Bolivia

Echinocactus grusonii B CR 2500 live (100%) 2500 live (100%)

Echinocactus polycephalus B NE 3 live (100%)

Echinopsis spp. √ B NE

45 live (1%) 849 live (23%) 3004 live (41%), 16799 stems (29%)

900 carvings (11%), 176 live (5%), 7680 stems (62%), 5 timber (100%), 1410 timber pieces (100%), 600 unspecified (100%)

Echinopsis atacamensis B NE 5 live (20%) 5 live (33%)

Echinopsis aurea B NE 20 live (21%) 5 live (38%)

Echinopsis backebergii √ B NE 20 live (100%) 20 live (50%)

Echinopsis calochlora B NE 5 live (100%)

In 1989, 2 live imports were of unknown origin.

Echinopsis camarguensis B NE 3 live (23%)

Echinopsis chiloensis B NE 2 live (67%) 29 carvings (100%)

Echinopsis cinnabarina B NE 15 live (42%)

Echinopsis cuzcoensis √ B NE

900 live (60%), 3050 stems (87%)

5450 stems (100%)

Echinopsis lageniformis B NE 10 live (13%)

Echinopsis mamillosa B NE 15 live (16%) 10 live (25%)

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Echinopsis mamillosa silvatica B NE 30 live (100%) 20 live (50%)

Echinopsis obrepanda B NE 20 live (67%) 530 live (33%)

Echinopsis pachanoi √ B NE

470 live (11%), 1070 stems (16%)

1850 stems (63%)

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