PHARMACOLOGY

TERMS

• SYSTEMIC—AFFECTS THE ENTIRE BODY• LOCAL—AFFECTS A SMALL AREA• PARENTERAL-MEDICATION GIVEN WITH A

NEEDLE• SUBLINGUAL—UNDER THE TONGUE• WHEAL—WHELP—RAISED RED AREA• ANTIGONISTIC—ONE DRUG INTERFERS

WITH OR COUNTERACTS ANOTHER

TERMS CONTINUED

• POTENTIATE—SOMETHING THAT INCREASES THE EFFECTS OF A DRUG

• PDR—PHYSICIAN’S DESK REFERENCE---LISTS MEDICATIONS, USES, SIDE EFFECTS ETC

• USP-UNITED STATES PHARMACAPEA—LIST ALL DRUGS APPROVED BY FDA

• TOPICAL—MEDICATIONS APPLIED TO SKIN

TERMS CONTINUED

• LETHAL DOSE—DOSAGE WHICH WILL CAUSE DEATH

• MINIMAL DOSAGE—SMALLEST DOSAGE WHICH WILL GIVE DESIRED EFFECTS

• MIXIMAL DOSAGE—HIGHEST DOSAGE WHICH CAN BE GIVEN SAFELY

FIVE RIGHTS OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION

• RIGHT PATIENT• RIGHT TIME• RIGHT DOSAGE• RIGHT DRUG• RIGHT ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION

• A SIXTH HAS BEEN ADDED• RIGHT DOCUMENTATION

GENERIC VS BRAND

• GENERIC IS USUALLY THE CHEMICAL MAKE UP OF THE DRUG

• ASPIRIN—ACETAMETAPHEN-IBPROPHEN

• BRAND IS THE NAME GIVEN TO A DRUG BY THE COMPANY—HAS AN R WITH CIRCLE IN IT –BAYER, TYLENOL, ADVIL

TYPES OF ORAL MEDS

• PILLS-COATED POWDERS

• TABLETS –COMPRESSED POWDERS

• CAPSULES—GELATIN FILLED WITH MEDICATION

• SYRUPS—SUGAR BASED MEDS

• POWDERS—USUALLY DISOLVED IN LIQUID

THINGS TO CONSIDER WHEN ORDERING MEDS

• AGE

• DIAGNOSIS

• CONDITION

• WEIGHT

• POTENTIAL SIDE EFFECTS

THREE SYSTEMS OF MEDS

• APOTHOCARY—GRAIN, DRAM, MINIUM

• HOUSEHOLD—OUNCE, TEASPOON, TABLESPOON, PINT, QUART

• METRIC—METER , LITER, GRAM

LAWS

• HARRISON NARCOTIC ACT 1914—LIMITS DISTRIBUTION OF ADDICTIVE DRUGS

• FEDERAL FOOD, DRUG AND COSMETIC ACT—DETERMINES SAFETY OF DRUGS BEFORE MARKETING, LABELING OF FOOD AND DRUGS

• DURHAM-HUMPHREY AMENDMENT 1952—LIMITS NUMBER OF REFILLS

DRUG APPROVAL

• DEVELOPMENT IN LABORATORY

• ANIMAL TESTING

• SUBMIT TO FDA FOR APPROVAL FOR HUMAN TESTING

• HUMAN TESTING—5 OR MORE YEARS—DOUBLE BLIND STUDIES

• APPROVAL FOR MARKETING

• FROM BEGINNING TO END 10-15 YEARS

DRUG INFORMATION

• PDR

• USP

• PACKAGE INSERTS

• ADVERTISING

• INTERNET

DRUG SOURCES

• PLANT

• ANIMAL

• CHEMICAL

• MINERAL

ADMINISTRATION

ORAL POSTIVE—EASY TO TAKE , PAINLESS, NEGATIVE—SLOW TO ABSORB, SOME

HAVE TROUBLE SWALLOWING

SUBLINGUAL

EASY TO TAKE

NOT MANY MEDS CAN BE GIVEN THIS WAY

ROUTES

SUBCUTANEOUS—UNDER SKIN

TAKES EFFECT QUICKLY

PAINFUL

INTRAMUSCULAR—IN MUSCLE

INTRAVENOUS—IN VEIN

TOPICAL –TO SKIN—PAINLESS—SLOW ACTING

RECTAL—IN RECTUM—SLOW TO ABSORB

SIDE EFFECTS/ADVERSE REACTIONS

• SIDE EFFECTS—USUALLY MILD BUT ANNOYING RESPONSES TO DRUGS

• ADVERSE REACTIONS—MORE SEVERE SYMPTOMS OR PROBLEMS THAT CAN DEVELOP BECAUSE OF A DRUG

ROLE OF NURSE

• ENSURE 5 RIGHTS

• KNOW ACTIONS, SIDE EFFECTS, AND ADVERSE REACTIONS

• OBSERVE FOR COMPLICATIONS AND ALLERGIES

• TEACH PATIENT ABOUT MEDS

DEFINE

• BID—2 TIMES A DAY• TID—3 TIMES A DAY• QID—4 TIMES A DAY• PC—AFTER MEALS• AD LIB—AS DESIRED• PRN –AS NEEDED• C—WITH• CC-CUBIC CENT.• DC—DISCONTINUE• GR-GRAIN• GTT—DROP• NOCT -AT NIGHT• IV -INTRAVENOUS

• NPO-NOTHING BY MOUTH

• ML-MILLILITER• OD –RIGHT EYE• OS-LEFT EYE• OU—RIGHT EYE• R—RECTAL• RX—PRESCRIPTION• S—WITHOUT• SOS-ONE DOSE IF NEEDED

• FE—IRON• KCL-POTASSIUM CLORIDE

• NA-SODIUM• HS –HOUR OF SLEEP• IM -INTRAMUSCULAR

MEDICATIONS

• ANTIBIOTIC—FIGHTS BACTERIAL INFECTION—PENICILLIN

• ANTINEOPLASTIC—CANCER DRUGS—TAXOL

• HORMONES—REPLACE DEFICIENCIES—ESTROGEN—BIRTH CONTROL PILLS

• STIMULANTS—SPEED UP BODY PROCESSES --CAFFIENE

MEDS

• DEPRESSANTS—SLOW BODY PROCESSES—PHENOBARBITAL

• ANALGESICS—RELIVE PAIN—NARCOTICS(MORPHINE, DEMEROL) , NON NARCOTIC –ASPIRIN, MOTRIN

• ANESTHETIC—STOPS SENSITATION—NOVICAINE

• ANTICONVULSANT—STOPS SEIZURES—DILANTIN, TEGRETOL

MEDS

• TRANZUILIZERS—RELIEVE NERVOUS TENSION—VALIUM

• ANTIDEPRESSANTS—RELIEVE DEPRESSION—TAKE 2-3 WEEKS TO WORK—ZOLOFT, PROZAC

• VASODILATORS—MAKE BLOOD VESSELS LARGER—NITREGLYCERIN

• ANTIHYPERTENSIVE—LOWER BLOOD PRESSURE—ALTACE, DIURIL, LOPRESSOR

MEDS

• COAGULANTS—CLOT BLOOD—VITAMIN K• ANTICOAGULANTS—SLOW BLOOD

CLOTTING—COUMADIN• ANTITUSSIVE—STOP COUGHING—

CODIENE—VICKS FORMULA 44• EXPECTORANTS—LIQUIFY SECRETIONS

SO THEY CAN BE COUGHED UP --ROBITUSSIN

MEDS

• ANTACIDS—RELIEVE STOMACH ACID—ROLAIDS, MAALOX

• ANTIEMETIC—PREVENTS VOMITING-PHENERGAN, VISTIRAL

• EMETICS—CAUSE VOMITING-IPECAC• CARTHARTICS—CAUSE BOWEL

MOVEMENT—X-LAX, DUCOLAX• DIURETIC—GET RID OF BODY FLUIDS--

LASIX

DANGERS OF ANTIBIOTICS

• RESISTANCE OF ORGANISMS TO THE ANTIBIOTICS

• ALLERGIC REACTIONS

DEPRESSANT DRUGS

• BED RAILS UP

• BED IN LOW POSITION

• CALL LIGHT IN PLACE

• NO SMOKING

• CHECK RESPIRATIONS

COUNTING NARCOTICS

• UNDER DOUBLE LOCK• NURSE COMING ON DUTY AND NURSE

GOING OFF DUTY MUST COUNT AT END OF EACH SHIFT

• WHEN REMOVED FROM DRAWER MUST SIGN OUT –DATE, TIME , AMOUNT , PATIENT, DR. –IF ALL NOT USED MUST DESTROY WITH TWO WITNESSES

SIDE EFFECTS OF IRON

• BLACK BOWEL MOVEMENTS

• IRRITATES STOMACH—TAKE WITH FOOD

• LIQUID DISCOLORS TEETH

ANTICOAGULANTS

• OBSERVE FOR SIGNS OF BLEEDING

BRUISING

BLOOD IN URINE OR BM

BLOOD WHICH BRUSHING TEETH

USE ELECTRIC RAZOR FOR SHAVING

ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK

• SEVERE ALLERGIC REACTION

• THROAT SWELLS—INTERFERS WITH BREATHING

• DEATH WILL OCCUR IF NOT TREATED

THE END