phase3 gn3 clean

882019 Phase3 GN3 Clean

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullphase3-gn3-clean 126

January 7 2011

Guidance Note 3 ndashV2Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention

Guidance Note 3 corresponds to Performance Standard 3 Please also refer to the PerformanceStandards 1 2 and 4ndash8 as well as their corresponding Guidance Notes for additionalinformation Bibliographical information on all referenced materials appearing in the text of thisGuidance Note can be found in the References section at the end

Introduction

1 Performance Standard 3 recognizes that increased economic activity and urbanization

often generate increased levels of pollution to air water and land and consume finite

resources in a manner that may threaten people and the environment at the local regional

and global levels1

In recent years there has also been a growing consensus that the

current and projected atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG) threatens the

public health and welfare of current and future generations At the same time more efficient

and effective resource use and pollution prevention 2

and GHG emission mitigation

technologies and practices have become more accessible and achievable in virtually all parts of the world These are often implemented through continuous improvement

methodologies similar to those used to enhance quality or productivity which are generally

well known to most industrial agricultural and service sector companies

2 This Performance Standard outlines a project-level approach to resource efficiency and

pollution prevention in line with internationally disseminated technologies and practices In

addition this Performance Standard promotes the ability of private sector companies to

adopt such technologies and practices as far as their use is feasible in the context of a

project that relies on commercially available skills and resources

______________________________ 1 For the purposes of this Performance Standard the term ldquopollutionrdquo is used to refer to both hazardous andnon-hazardous chemical pollutants in the solid liquid or gaseous phases and is intended to include otherforms such as pests pathogens thermal discharge to water GHG emissions nuisance odors noise vibrationradiation electromagnetic energy and the creation of potential visual impacts including light2

For the purpose of this Performance Standard the term ldquopollution preventionrdquo does not mean absoluteelimination of emissions but the avoidance at source whenever possible and if not possible then subsequentminimization of pollution to the extent that the Performance Standard objectives are satisfied

Objectives

To avoid or minimize adverse impacts on human health and the environment by

avoiding or minimizing pollution from project activities

To promote more sustainable use of resources including energy and water

To reduce project-related GHG emissions

G1 To achieve these objectives clients should take into account the potential impact of theiractivities on ambient conditions (such as ambient air quality) and seek to avoid or minimizethese impacts within the context of the nature and significance of pollutants emitted For smalland mediumndashsized projects with limited potential emissions this may be achieved throughcompliance with emissions and effluent standards and the application of other pollutionprevention and control approaches Large projects with potentially significant emissions and orhigh impacts however may require monitoring of impacts on the surrounding environment (iechanges in ambient levels) in addition to the implementation of control measures Further



January 7 2011

2


information on how to address ambient conditions is provided in paragraph 11 of thisPerformance Standard and its accompanying Guidance Note

G2 Projects shall consume natural resources such as energy and water in an efficient mannerthat does not create adverse impacts on others

G3 The potential environmental impacts associated with the emissions of greenhouse gases(GHGs) are considered to be among the most complex to predict and mitigate due to theirglobal nature Clients are therefore encouraged to consider their potential contribution to climatechange when developing and implementing projects and to minimize GHG emissions from corebusiness activities to the extent that this is cost-effective

Scope of Application

3 The applicability of this Performance Standard is established during the social and environmental risks and impacts identification process while the implementation of the

actions necessary to meet the requirements of this Performance Standard is managed

through the clientrsquos social and environmental management system These requirements are

outlined in Performance Standard 1

G4 Risks and impacts associated with the generation use storage release andor disposalof pollutants and resource consumption are identified during the social and environmental risksand impacts identification process planned as part of the clientrsquos Social and EnvironmentalManagement System and implemented as part of the clientrsquos Action Plan Since not all potentialimpacts can possibly be identified at the outset of a project the client should use itsManagement System to evaluate and address unforeseen circumstances that are identifiedduring the course of the project in accordance with Performance Standard 3 objectives

Requirements

4 During the project life-cycle the client will consider ambient conditions and apply

technically and financially feasible resource efficiency and pollution prevention principles

and techniques that are best suited to avoid and if not possible minimize adverse impacts

on human health and the environment3

The principles and techniques applied during the

project life-cycle will be tailored to the hazards and risks associated with the nature of the

project and consistent with good international industry practice (GIIP)4

______________________________

as reflected in

various internationally recognized sources including the World Bank Group Environmental

Health and Safety Guidelines (EHS Guidelines)

3 Technical feasibility is based on whether the proposed measures and actions can be implemented withcommercially available skills equipment and materials taking into consideration prevailing local factors suchas climate geography demography infrastructure security governance capacity and operational reliabilityFinancial feasibility is based on commercial considerations including relative magnitude of the incremental costof adopting such measures and actions compared to the projectrsquos investment operating and maintenancecosts and on whether this incremental cost could make the project nonviable to the client

4 Defined as the exercise of professional skill diligence prudence and foresight that would reasonably beexpected from skilled and experienced professionals engaged in the same type of undertaking under the sameor similar circumstances globally or regionally The circumstances that skilled and experienced professionalsmay find when evaluating the range of pollution prevention and control techniques available to a project mayinclude but are not limited to varying levels of environmental degradation and environmental assimilativecapacity as well as varying levels of financial and technical feasibility



January 7 2011

3


5 The client will refer to the EHS Guidelines or other internationally recognized sources as

appropriate when evaluating and selecting resource efficiency and pollution prevention and control techniques for the project The EHS Guidelines contain the performance levels and measures that are normally acceptable and applicable to projects When host country regulations differ from the levels and measures presented in the EHS Guidelines clients will be required to achieve whichever is more stringent If less stringent levels or measures than those provided in the EHS Guidelines are appropriate in view of specific project circumstances the client will provide full and detailed justification for any proposed alternatives through the social and environmental risks and impacts identification processThis justification must demonstrate that the choice for any alternate performance levels is consistent with the overall requirements of this Performance Standard

(i) Development of a new project (including major expansion of an existing operation)

G5 Clients developing new projects or major expansions should assess and incorporate

environmental aspects of the project including resource use during the design phase (includingproject design and site selection alternatives) Considerations should include backgroundambient conditions (that may occur due to natural andor anthropogenic causes not related tothe project) the presence of local communities environmentally sensitive receptors (such aspotable water supplies or ecologically protected areas) the expected project demand for waterand the availability of waste disposal infrastructure

G6 Key environmental impacts can occur at any phase of a project and depend on a numberof factors including the nature of industry sector and site location Therefore the designapproach should encompass all physical phases of a project from site investigation andconstruction through operation to decommissioning Potential future expansions should beaccounted for in the initial design where these may reasonably be anticipated

G7 Environmental aspects of the decommissioning stage should be also considered bothduring initial design and during periodic reviews undertaken as part of the management system

(ii) Modernizations and retrofits of existing facilities

G8 If a project involves or consists of existing facilities then clients are expected to evaluatethe feasibility of meeting the requirements of Performance Standard 3 and seek to improveperformance through mutually agreed milestones included in the Action Plan

G9 Clients with existing operations should assess investment to enhance environmental andrisk management improvements to a level consistent with the objectives of this PerformanceStandard by performing relevant studies including industrial risk assessment or hazard andoperability studies taking into account facility operations at full load under routinecircumstances including possible intermittent exceedances during startups shutdowns andwarm-up periods

G10 The client should refer to the EHS Guidelines when evaluating and selecting resourceefficiency and pollution prevention and control techniques for the project These documentscontain the performance levels and measures that are normally acceptable to IFC and aregenerally considered to be achievable at reasonable costs by commercially availabletechnology The discharge effluent air emissions and other numerical guidelines andperformance indicators as well as other prevention and control approaches included in the EHS



January 7 2011

4


Guidelines are considered to be default values applicable to new projects though theapplication of alternate performance levels and measures may be considered As described in

Performance Standard 3 clients that request application of alternate performance levels ofmeasures (typically for projects involving existing facilities with older equipment and pollutioncontrol technologies) must provide justification and explanation for any levels or measures thatare less stringent than those identified in the EHS Guidelines and demonstrate consideration ofimpacts to ambient quality human health and the environment The EHS Guidelines alsoprovide general or industry-specific information relevant to the Occupational Health and Safetyaspects of Performance Standard 2 Community Health and Safety aspects of PerformanceStandard 4 and Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living NaturalResources under Performance Standard 6

G11 Clients whose projects have significant emissions or whose operations are in alreadydegraded environments must also strive to improve their performance beyond the performancelevels and measures articulated in the EHS Guidelines with due consideration of airshed andwatershed assimilative capacity where known

Resource Efficiency

6 The client will implement technically and financially feasible and cost effective 5

_____________________________________

measures

for improving efficiency in its consumption of energy water as well as other resources and

material inputs with a focus on areas that are considered core business activities Such

measures will integrate the principles of cleaner production into product design and

production processes with the objective of conserving raw materials energy and water

Where benchmarking data are available the client will make a comparison of efficiency

5

Cost-effectiveness is determined according to the capital and operational cost and also financial benefits ofthe measure considered over the life of the measure For the purpose of this Performance Standard a resourceefficiency or GHG emissions reduction measure is considered cost-effective if it is expected to provide asuitable risk-rated return on investment

G12 The terms ldquoCleaner Productionrdquo and ldquoResource Efficiencyrdquo refer to the concept ofintegrating pollution reduction into the design of a product and associated production processesThis involves continuous application of an integrated preventive environmental strategy toproducts processes and services in order to increase overall efficiency and reduce risks tohumans and the environment through the conservation of raw materials water and energy andthrough the reduction or elimination of the use of toxic and hazardous raw materials 1

Welldesigned and implemented Cleaner Production projects of which energy and water efficiencymeasures are a sub-set can be highly cost-effective and often have a higher internal rate ofreturn than the larger project to which they are applied It is a rare industrial or commercialenterprise that cannot improve its operations through this methodology

G13 This clause of Performance Standard 3 refers to the core business activities2

1 United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP)

of the clientWhile cost and environmental benefits could arise through attention to Cleaner Productionissues in non-core business activities this is not required by Performance Standard 3 Nor doesthis Performance Standard compel implementation of all technically feasible Cleaner Production

2 Core business activities are those that are essential to the operation of the clientrsquos business and without which the clientrsquos

business would not be viable



January 7 2011

5


measures since this would lead to diminishing returns and inappropriate use of resources thecost-effectiveness test should be noted

G14 The client should keep abreast of cleaner production examples applicable to its projectsector and apply them to the design of the project when technically and financially feasible andcost-effective Various cleaner production examples are included in the References sectionAdditional guidance is provided in the General EHS Guidelines and Industry Sector EHSGuidelines In existing facilities it may be appropriate for clients to commission external expertsto undertaken Cleaner Production Resource Efficiency studies Such studies invariably identifynon-cost savings that exceed the cost of the study and other highly cost-effective measures

G15 In many industrial and commercial sectors where the unit of output can be readily definedsuch as process industry or where resource consumption is dominated by buildings serviceswidely accepted benchmarks are available which describe performance in quantitative termsCertain industrial and commercial operations for example assembly or machining processesdo not readily lend themselves to benchmarking

G16 Greenfield projects should reflect internationally recognized good industry practice inresource efficiency while taking account of legitimate project specific variations from bestpractice3

When a client invests in a brownfield operation it may not always be possible to meetbest practice standards due to physical or cost restraints Consideration should be given to thetechnical and financial feasibility and cost effectiveness of proposed measures

7 In addition to the resource efficiency measures described above the client will

implement technically and financially feasible and cost-effective options to reduce project-

related GHG emissions during the design and operation of the project These options may

include but are not limited to alternative project locations adoption of renewable or low

carbon energy sources sustainable agricultural forestry and livestock management

practices the reduction of fugitive emissions and the reduction of gas flaring

Greenhouse Gases

8 For projects that are expected to or currently produce more than 25000 tonnes of CO 2 -

equivalent annually6

the client will quantify direct emissions from the facilities owned or

controlled within the physical project boundary7

as well as indirect emissions associated

with the off-site production of energy 8

used by the project Quantification of GHG emissions

will be conducted by the client annually in accordance with internationally recognized

methodologies and good practice _________________________

9

6 The quantification of emissions should consider all significant sources of greenhouse gas emissions includingnon-energy related sources such as methane and nitrous oxide among others7 Project-induced changes in soil carbon content or above ground biomass and project-induced decay of

organic matter may contribute to direct emissions sources and shall be included in this emissions quantification8 Refers to the off-site generation by others of electricity and heating and cooling energy used in the project9

Estimation methodologies are provided by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change variousinternational organizations and relevant host country agencies

3 Such ldquolegitimate variationsrdquo could include climatic variations or changes in resources prices compared with reference casesrecognizing that some definitions of best practice (for example the IPPC Best Available Techniques) include cost-effectivenesstests



January 7 2011

6


G17 Many examples exist of cost-effective GHG-reducing measures Options may include butare not limited to product changes to reduce material use such as glass container

lightweighting or near net shape casting in industry sustainable agricultural practices (egdirect drilling and optimization of nitrogen fertilizer) material recycling for example of metalsglass or paper use of cement additives use of low-carbon fuels GHG leakage avoidance orminimization use of low global warming potential (GWP)4

chemicals reduction of gas flaringlandfill gas collection and combustion and multiple energy efficiency and renewable energymeasures Examples of energy efficiency measures include more energy efficient electricitygeneration cogeneration of heat and power tri-generation of heat power and cooling heatrecovery process changes enhanced process control leak elimination insulation and the useof more energy efficient demand-side equipment (eg electric motors compressors fanspumps heaters lighting fixtures etc) Further guidance is provided in the EHS GeneralGuidelines Examples of renewable energy sources include solar power or heat generationhydro wind certain types of geothermal and biomass Biomass-based renewable energysystems can often be combined with pollution control devices (for example anaerobic digestionof liquid effluents) and can create useful energy from organic waste This can allow the carboncontained in this waste to be released to atmosphere as carbon dioxide rather than as methanea much more powerful greenhouse gas Certain forms of agriculture and forestry can sequesterlarge quantities of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) haspotential to remove large quantities of carbon dioxide from large concentrated point sourcessuch as power stations or cement kilns but this technology is not yet fully developed

G18 The six greenhouse gases of most concern to the United Nations Framework Conventionon Climate Change are

(i) Carbon dioxide (CO2

(ii) Methane (CH

)

4

(iii) Nitrous oxide (N

)

2

(iv) Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)

O)

(v) Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)

(vi) Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6

)

G19 Carbon dioxide is the most significant of these GHGs accounting for 77 percent ofanthropogenic emissions The next most significant GHG is methane contributing to 14 percent of anthropogenic emissions followed by nitrous oxide at 8 percent of anthropogenic emissions5

HFCs are commonly used as refrigerants and solvents and contribute to global warming whenreleased from contained systems for example through refrigerant leakage PFCs are used inelectronics manufacture and are formed in the aluminum refining process Sulphur hexafluorideis used as a dielectric medium in the electrical industry as well as an inert gas in the magnesium

industry and in other specialized industrial applications

G20 CO2 emissions are dominated by fossil fuel combustion but CO 2

4 For example being aware that refrigerant leakage is an issue specify a low GWP refrigerant

emissions also arisefrom deforestation and decay of biomass soil conversion and from certain industrial processesinvolving calcination of limestone (eg cement manufacturing) and oxidation of carbon (egsteelmaking) Methane is emitted during oil gas and coal extraction refining and processing

5Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2007 Climate Change 2007 Mitigation Contribution of Working Group III to the

Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC Data refer to 2004



January 7 2011

7


from livestock rice cultivation and waste management processes Most nitrous oxide emissionsresult from soil cultivation though the compound is also emitted during combustion and by

certain industrial processes Illustrative examples of project activities that may result inpotentially significant emissions of GHGs can be found in Annex A

G21 Examples of sectors that have potentially significant emissions of greenhouse gasesinclude energy transport heavy industry building materials agriculture forest products andwaste management Reduction and control options considered by clients in these and othersectors include (i) enhancement of energy efficiency (ii) protection and enhancement of sinksand reservoirs of greenhouse gases (iii) promotion of sustainable forms of agriculture andforestry (iv) promotion development and increased use of renewable forms of energy (v)carbon capture and storage technologies and (vi) limitation andor reduction of methaneemissions through recovery and use in waste management as well as in the productiontransport and distribution of energy (coal oil and gas) Product changes can bring aboutsignificant reductions in GHG emissions for example in blended cement highly GHG-intensiveclinker is mixed with other materials Carbon finance may create additional funding sources forpursuing reduction and control options

G22 Direct emissions of GHGs are those that arise from within the project boundary WhenCO2

emission results from fossil fuel use these emissions may be quantified throughknowledge of fuel use Estimation methodologies for other emissions sources are available (seeReferences section of this Guidance Note)

G23 Indirect emissions associated with the production by others of electrical energy used bythe project can be estimated by using a national average GHG emissions performance forelectricity generation (eg national average of carbon dioxide emissions per unit of electricitygenerated for the country) More project specific GHG emissions performance for electricity

generation should be used if available (eg utility average of carbon dioxide emissions per unitof electricity generated for the utility from which the project purchases electricity) Similarlyproject specific data should be used to account for GHG emissions associated with purchasesof heating or cooling energy produced by third parties Several sources providing statistics onnational average GHG emissions are included in the References section Annex A identifieselectrical generation capacity by fuel type associated with emission of 25000 tonnes per year ofCO2

- equivalent

G24 Suggested GHG quantifying and monitoring practices are provided in Annex A

9 When the project is a potentially significant consumer of water in addition to applying

the resource efficiency requirements of this Performance Standard the client shall adopt

measures that avoid or reduce water usage so that the projectrsquos water consumption does not have significant adverse impacts on others These measures include but are not limited

to the use of additional technically feasible water conservation measures within the clientrsquos

operations the use of alternative water supplies water consumption offsets to reduce total

demand for water resources to within the available supply and evaluation of alternative

project locations

Water Consumption



January 7 2011

8


G25 The intent of this clause of Performance Standard 3 is that clientsrsquo projects should notcause or contribute to unacceptable water stress to third parties (including local communities)

G26 When a project is a significant consumer of water or contributes to depletion of waterresources to the extent that third partiesrsquo (including local communitiesrsquo) ability to access water isadversely affected then the client shall reduce the projectrsquos water consumption to a level atwhich these adverse impacts are adequately mitigated as determined by a suitable communityengagement process Actions that the client should consider to achieve this objective includebut are not limited to resiting the project additional resource efficiency measures within theproject site in addition to those necessary to satisfy paragraph 6 of Performance Standard 3alternative provision of water and water consumption offsets outside the project boundary Inthis context water consumption offsets should be understood to be measures to reduce othersrsquoconsumption of water from the same resource as that used by the project by an amount suchthat adverse project effects as described earlier in this paragraph are mitigated For examplean industrial enterprise could help a community to reduce its water consumption through leak

repair while maintaining quality of service thus ldquoreleasingrdquo water for use by the industrialenterprise

G27 If it is not technically feasible to mitigate adverse impacts adequately at the proposedproject site then an alternative project site should be selected If the cost of the technicalmeasures required to meet the Performance Standard objective makes the project unviablethen an alternative project site should be selected G28 This Performance Standard requirement does not preclude water abstraction at a rateexceeding recharge if the client can show that such abstraction does not cause adverse effectsto such other users of the water that exist or can reasonably be expected to move into the areaof influence of the project

Pollution Prevention

10 The client will avoid the release of pollutants or when avoidance is not feasible

minimize andor control the intensity and mass flow of their release This applies to the

release of pollutants to air water and land due to routine non-routine and accidental

circumstances with the potential for local regional and transboundary impacts10

Where

historical pollution such as land or ground water contamination exists the client will seek to

determine whether it is responsible for mitigation measures If it is determined that the

client is legally responsible then these liabilities will be resolved in accordance with

national law or where this is silent with GIIP _______________________________

11

10 Transboundary pollutants include those covered under the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air

Pollution11

This may require coordination with national and local government communities and other contributors to theencountered contamination and that any assessment follows a risk-based approach consistent with GIIP as

presented in the EHS Guidelines



January 7 2011

9


11 To address potential adverse project impacts on existing ambient conditions12

the

client will consider relevant factors including for example (i) the finite assimilative

capacity 13

_______________________________

of the environment (ii) existing and future land use (iii) existing ambient conditions (iv) the projectrsquos proximity to areas of importance to biodiversity and (v) the

potential for cumulative impacts with uncertain andor irreversible consequences In

addition to applying resource efficiency and pollution control measures as required in this

Performance Standard when the project has the potential to constitute a significant source

of emissions in an already degraded area the client will consider strategies and adopt

measures that avoid or reduce ambient effects These strategies include but are not limited

to evaluation of project location alternatives and emissions offsets

12 Such as air surface and groundwater and soils13

The capacity of the environment for absorbing an incremental load of pollutants while remaining below athreshold of unacceptable risk to human health and the environment

G29 Where control techniques are necessary to minimize emissions or achieve a pre-established performance level the client should monitor emissions to ensure that therequirements of Performance Standard 3 are being met The frequency with which pollutantemissions are monitored should be appropriate to the nature and scale of potential impactsThis may range from continuous to daily monthly annually or less frequently Clients canobtain guidance on recommended monitoring approaches and frequencies appropriate to thenature of their operations from various internationally recognized sources including the EHSGuidelines (as included in the References section) Monitoring emissions can benefit clients by(i) demonstrating their compliance with environmental permits or other legal obligations(ii) providing information to evaluate project performance and determine if corrective actions arenecessary (iii) helping to identify opportunities for further improvement and (iv) by making dataavailable for analysis of actual incremental impacts on the ambient levels (especially for projectswith potentially significant emissions impacts)

G30 Monitoring is particularly important for large projects with impacts that may be uncertainand potentially irreversible and consequently in need of more frequent evaluation of emissionslevels or ambient quality In addition clients should include monitoring processes within theirmanagement system to alert them to significant increases in pollutant emissions or impacts onambient conditions that may be an indicator of problems with manufacturing processes orpollution control equipment that could require corrective action (see Performance Standard 1and its accompanying Guidance Note)

G31 The management systems approach may also include an element of continualimprovement which in the application of Performance Standard 3 should encourageperformance levels that go beyond compliance with emissions and effluent standards or

guidelines Improvements may include efficiency gains in production processes that result inimproved operational environmental or financial performance through for exampleimprovements in energy andor water consumption per unit of industrial output and solidliquidwaste production per unit of industrial output

G32 Pollutant release and transfer registers that collect and disseminate data on environmentalreleases and transfers of pollutants from industrial facilities have been found to be effective forpromoting pollution reduction in some industrial sectors ndash particularly where all or most industrialfacilities operating within a geographic region participate and where the information is made



January 7 2011

10


accessible to local communities Where such registries are not already required by law and inaddition to meeting the disclosure requirements of Performance Standard 1 for disclosure of

significant potential environmental impacts clients are encouraged to participate in voluntaryinitiatives that seek to establish formal pollutant release and transfer registers at the national orregional levels A reference for additional information on pollutant release and transfer registersis included in the References section

G33 Clients shall address contamination of land or ground water even if such contaminationoccurred many years before discussion of IFC funding for the client Where such contaminationis identified the client should seek to determine who has the legal liability to manage thiscontamination This liability will vary according to circumstances The client may bear thisresponsibility due to its own past actions or inactions or may have taken on this liability whenacquiring the site In other cases contamination may have been identified and provision madelegally to isolate the client from such liability when acquiring the site If the IFC client hasresponsibility to manage such contamination then this shall be done in a manner satisfying thePS3 objective to avoid or minimize adverse impacts on human health and the environmentContamination management options will be site-specific should be developed in consultationwith other stakeholders as described in the footnote and may include contaminationcontainment isolation buffer zones as well as mitigation

Assimilative Capacity of the Environment

G34 The client should assess the assimilative capacity of the receiving environment basedupon air and water quality objectives where known


G35 When developing a new project that is expected to produce potentially significantemissions of pollutants clients should evaluate whether the existing background ambient levelsare in compliance with the relevant ambient quality guidelines andor standards Ambient qualitystandards are ambient quality levels established and published through national legislative andregulatory processes and ambient quality guidelines refer to ambient quality levels primarilydeveloped through clinical toxicological and epidemiological evidence (such as thosepublished by the World Health Organization)

G36 If the ambient levels exceed the relevant ambient quality guidelines or standards (ieambient conditions are already deteriorated) clients are expected to demonstrate that they haveexplored and if necessary adopted a higher level of performance than would be otherwiserequired under less deteriorated ambient conditions as well as further mitigation measures (egoffsetting emissions modifying site selection) in order to minimize further deterioration of the

environment or preferably to achieve improvement If ambient levels are in compliance withrelevant ambient quality guidelines andor standards projects with potentially significantemissions of pollutants should be designed so as to reduce the potential for significantdeterioration and to ensure continuing compliance References to internationally-recognizedambient quality guidelines and standards (including those published by the World HealthOrganization) are included in the References section

G37 For projects that would discharge effluents into receiving water bodies lacking assimilativecapacity zero discharge systems shall be employed



January 7 2011

11


(ii) Modernizations and retrofits of existing facilities G38 Where a project that is expected to produce potentially significant emissions of pollutantsinvolves the modernization or retrofit of an existing facility clients are encouraged to evaluatewhether the current ambient conditions are in compliance with the ambient quality guidelinesandor standards If the levels exceed the ambient quality guidelines andor standards and if theexisting facility is one of the major sources of emissions affecting such exceedances clients areencouraged to evaluate feasibility of options to reduce emissions and implement selectedoptions (eg rehabilitation of existing operations arranging emissions offsets outside projectboundary) so that the already deteriorated ambient conditions will be improved targeting therelevant ambient quality guidelines andor standards

(iii) Projects located in or near ecologically sensitive areas

G39 Clients with projects whose area of influence includes ecologically sensitive areas such asnational parks or providers of ecosystems service should implement measures to avoid orminimize their incremental impacts

12 The client will avoid or minimize the generation of hazardous and non-hazardous waste

materials as far as practicable Where waste generation cannot be avoided the client will

reduce the generation of waste and recover and reuse waste in a manner that is safe for

human health and the environment Where waste cannot be recovered or reused the client

will treat destroy or dispose of it in an environmentally sound manner including the

appropriate control of emissions and residues resulting from the handling and processing

of the waste material If the generated waste is considered hazardous

Wastes

14 the client will adopt

GIIP alternatives for its environmentally sound disposal while adhering to the limitations applicable to its transboundary movement

15

________________________

When hazardous waste disposal is conducted

by third parties the client will use contractors that are reputable and legitimate enterprises

licensed by the relevant government regulatory agencies and obtain chain of custody

documentation to the final destination The client should ascertain whether licensed

disposal sites are being operated to acceptable standards and where they are the client will

use these sites Where this is not the case clients should reduce waste sent to such sites

and consider alternative disposal options including the possibility of developing their own

recovery or disposal facilities at the project site

14As defined by international conventions or local legislation

15

Transboundary movement of hazardous materials should be consistent with the Basel Convention on theControl of Tranbsboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and the London Convention for Ocean Disposal

G40 Because of the risks to the environment and the ever-increasing costs and liabilitiesassociated with the management andor disposal of waste material Performance Standard 3requires clients to investigate options for waste avoidance waste recovery andor wastedisposal during the operational stage of the project The level of effort in addressing thisrequirement depends on the risks associated with the waste materials generated by a projectClients should inquire about the location of the final disposal of their waste and whether suchlocations are being operated to acceptable standards even if the disposal is conducted by athird party and especially if the waste is considered to be hazardous to human health and the



January 7 2011

12


environment If no suitable disposal method is available through commercial or other means theclient should minimize waste sent off-site and consider whether they should develop their own

recovery or disposal facilities or work through their local business association or other similarentity to identify viable alternatives or approaches Additional guidance is provided in theGeneral EHS Guidelines and Industry Sector EHS Guidelines

G41 In cases where the waste treatment storage or disposal alternative selected has thepotential to generate polluting emissions or residues the client should apply adequate controltechniques to avoid minimize or reduce these emissions according to the requirements ofparagraphs 4 and 7 of Performance Standard 3 Further information on the environmentallysound handling and disposal of wastes can be found in the EHS Guidelines as well asnumerous publications in support of the Basel Convention on the Control of TransboundaryMovements of Hazardous Wastes and in support of the Stockholm Convention on PersistentOrganic Pollutants (see the References Section)

13 Hazardous materials are sometimes used as raw material or produced as product by the

project The client will avoid or when avoidance is not possible minimize and control the

release of hazardous materials In this context the production transportation handling

storage and use of hazardous materials for project activities should be assessed The client

will consider less hazardous substitutes where hazardous materials are intended to be used

in manufacturing processes or other operations The client will avoid the manufacture

trade and use of chemicals and hazardous materials subject to international bans or phase-

outs due to their high toxicity to living organisms environmental persistence potential for

bioaccumulation or potential for depletion of the ozone layer

Hazardous Materials Management

___________________________

16

16

Consistent with the objectives of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants and theMontreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer Similar considerations will apply to certain

World Health Organization (WHO) classes of pesticides

G42 The best way to prevent the release of hazardous materials is to avoid using them in thefirst place Therefore clients should explore opportunities throughout the project life-cycle to usenon-hazardous materials in place of hazardous materials This is especially relevant where therisks arising from the materials cannot easily be prevented or mitigated under normal use andordisposal at the end of their life cycle Substitutions have been found for example for the use ofasbestos in building materials PCBs in electrical equipment persistent organic pollutants inpesticides formulations and ozone depleting substances in refrigeration systems A reference toguidelines on ozone depletion substances is included in the References section

G43 Where a project has the potential to release toxic hazardous flammable or explosivematerial or where project operations could result in injury to plant personnel or the public as

identified in the Social and Environmental risks and impacts identification process the clientshould conduct a hazard analysis of its operations and disclose material related to hazardousmaterials management in accordance with Performance Standards 1 and 4 and their respectiveGuidance Notes Hazard analysis is often conducted in conjunction with Hazard Identification(HAZID) Hazard and Operability studies (HAZOP) and Quantitative Risk Analysis (QRA) andallows clients to systematically identify systems and procedures that could result in accidentalpollutant release and quantify these risks to the extent possible and also helps to prioritize theallocation of resources for emergency response equipment and training programs



January 7 2011

13


G44 Clients should review the list of active ingredients included in Annex A and B of theStockholm Convention and ensure that no chemical formulations are manufactured sold or

used in the project that include these ingredients unless it is under the highly exceptionalcircumstances noted in Annexes A and B of the Stockholm Convention Persistent OrganicPollutants are chemicals that have five characteristics of environmental and public healthconcern they are toxic long-lived and mobile accumulate in fatty tissue and magnify in thefood chain Their high mobility makes them a global issue while their other properties mean thatthey are hazardous to animal and human health even at low levels of exposure Where projectshave pre-existing involvement with such ingredients including the presence of existingstockpiles of obsolete chemicals the Action Plan should include a phase-out plan for the clientto meet Performance Standard 3 in a reasonable amount of time Clients should manage andultimately dispose of PCBs identified on the project site in an environmentally sound manneraccording to the terms of the Stockholm Convention Further guidance on the management anddisposal of PCBs can be found in the EHS Guidelines

G45 The client should also minimize the unintentional generation and release such as byincineration of chemicals listed in Annex C of the Stockholm Convention as outlined in thatAnnex Guidance on how to identify quantify and reduce emissions of Annex C chemicals frompotentially significant sources is included in the publications in support of the StockholmConvention as included in the References section Due to its association with the unintentionalrelease of persistent organic pollutants primarily through the incineration of mixed wastestreams containing PVC products when developing projects that manufacture PVC productsclients should weigh the overall benefits of the project against costs including those to theenvironment and the communities

G46 The client should also review the list of chemicals included in Annex III of the RotterdamConvention of Prior Informed Consent for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in

International Trade (See the References Section) and seek to prevent their manufacture tradeand use These chemicals are listed in this international convention because their use has beenbanned or severely restricted in one or more national jurisdictions in order to protect humanhealth and the environment The list also includes some pesticide formulations consideredseverely hazardous due to their severe health or environmental effects

14 The client will formulate and implement an integrated pest management (IPM) andor

integrated vector management (IVM) approach targeting economically significant pest

infestations and disease vectors of public health significance The clientrsquos IPM and IVM

program will integrate coordinated use of pest and environmental information along with

available pest control methods including cultural practices biological genetic and as a

last resort chemical means to prevent economically significant pest damage andor disease

transmission to humans and animals

Pesticide Use and Management

15 When pest management activities include the use of chemical pesticides the client will

select chemical pesticides that are low in human toxicity that are known to be effective

against the target species and that have minimal effects on non-target species and the

environment When the client selects chemical pesticides the selection will be based upon

requirements that the pesticides are packaged in safe containers are clearly labeled for safe

and proper use and that the pesticides have been manufactured by an entity currently

licensed by relevant regulatory agencies



January 7 2011

14


16 The client will design its pesticide application regime to minimize damage to natural

enemies of the target pest and to prevent the development of resistance in pests and vectors In addition pesticides will be handled stored applied and disposed of in

accordance with the Food and Agriculture Organizationrsquos International Code of Conduct on

the Distribution and Use of Pesticides or other GIIP

17 The client will not purchase store use manufacture or trade in products that fall in

WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard Class Ia (extremely hazardous)

or Ib (highly hazardous) The client will not purchase use manufacture or trade in Class II

(moderately hazardous) pesticides unless the project host country has appropriate controls

on distribution and use of these chemicals and they are not likely to be accessible to

personnel without proper training equipment and facilities to handle store apply and

dispose of these products properly

G47 Performance Standard 3 requires that the client use pesticides only to the extentnecessary to achieve the project objectives under an integrated pest management andintegrated vector management approach and only after other pest management practices havefailed or proven inefficient In the event that the use of pesticides beyond isolated or incidentaluse is proposed as an integral aspect of the clientrsquos activities the client should present evidencethrough the social and environmental risks and impacts identification process of the need to usepesticides that describes the proposed use and intended users and the nature and degree ofassociated risks Under these circumstances clients should also take into consideration thepotential impacts (both positive and negative) to the health and resources of nearbycommunities as described in Performance Standard 4 and its accompanying Guidance NoteRelevant international guidelines on hazardous chemicals are included in the Referencessection

G48 Clients who finance agricultural activities that require the use of pesticides by third partiesshould promote the use of integrated pest management and integrated vector managementapproaches through all feasible means of dissemination of information about these agriculturalapproaches

G49 The client is expected to exercise a high degree of diligence in the selection of pesticidesso that the pesticides selected are designed to meet the projectrsquos technical and scientificspecifications When selecting pesticides for use the client should consider the need forappropriate precautions to prevent the improper use of the pesticides and to protect the healthand safety of the project workers and the affected community in accordance with the principlesand requirements of Performance Standard 2 and Performance Standard 4

G50 The packaging requirements for pesticides of Performance Standard 3 are intended toprotect the health and safety of persons involved in the transportation storage and handling ofthe pesticides and to reduce the need for transfer between containers or repackaging intoimprovised containers The labeling requirements should clearly identify the contents of thepackaging and include instructions for intended use as well as safety information Packagingand labeling of pesticides should be done in a form that is appropriate for each specific marketbut should follow the guidelines for the proper packaging and labeling of pesticides which havebeen published by the Food and Agriculture Organization as included in the Referencessection



January 7 2011

15


G51 Purchasing pesticides manufactured under license will increase the likelihood that the

pesticides meet minimum quality and purity conditions consistent with the use and safetydocumentation provided The client should refer to and follow the recommendations andminimum standards described in the guidelines published by the Food and AgricultureOrganization as included in the References section

G52 The storage handling application and disposal of pesticides according to goodinternational industry practice should include a program to discontinue the use of pesticideslisted in Annex A of the Stockholm Convention and to store and dispose of them in anenvironmentally sound manner especially when these pesticides are considered obsolete

G53 The client should seek to promote the responsible management and use of pesticideswithin the context of integrated pest management and integrated vector management byinteracting with the agricultural extension services or similar organizations that may be availablelocally Additional guidance is provided in the General EHS Guidelines and Industry Sector EHSGuidelines



January 7 2011

16


Suggested GHG Quantifying and Monitoring Practice

Annex A

Suggested GHG emissions estimation methodologies

There are many greenhouse gas emission estimation methodologies available for use by privatesector projects The most authoritative and updated methodologies can be found in the 2006IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories The 2006 IPCC Guidelines thatconsist of Volume 1 (General Guidance and Reporting) Volume 2 (Energy) Volume 3(Industrial Processes and Product Use) Volume 4 (Agriculture Forestry and Other Land Use)and Volume 5 (Waste) provide suggested estimation methodologies for a number of activitiesand sectors

These 2006 IPCC Guidelines build on the previous Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines and thesubsequent Good Practice reports and cover new sources and gases as well as updates topreviously published methods where technical and scientific knowledge have improved Clientswith projects producing significant GHG emissions who were using the Revised 1996 IPCCGuidelines are recommended to review these new 2006 IPCC Guidelines and to continue tomonitor the development of newer guidelines and supplemental documents by IPCC

In addition to the IPCC Guidelines clients with projects of significant GHG emissions may referto several internationally-recognized greenhouse gas emissions methodologies which can befound in the Reference section Depending on the type and sector of the project themethodology should be used that best meets the objective of estimating and reporting GHGemissions

Illustrative examples of project activities that may result in potentially significant GHG emissions(25000 tonnes CO2

equivalent per year or more) have been included in the following table

Sector Project Projects with 25000tonnes CO2

Assumptionsequivalent

per year

A Direct EmissionsA-(i) Energy (Fossil Fuel Combustion)

Coal-fired combustion facility Coal consumption -11000 tonyr (or 260TJyr)

Emission factor ndash 969 tCO2 TJ Fraction ofcarbon oxidized ndash 098 Net calorific value ndash 2405 TJ1000ton

Oil-fired combustion facility Oil consumption - 8000tonyr (or 320 TJyr)


Gas-fired combustion facility Gas consumption - 9200tonyr (or 450TJyr)


A-(ii) Energy (Electricity Generation)Coal-fired power generation Generating Capacity -

45MWWorld average emission factor in 2001-2003 ndash 893 gCO2 kWh Annual capacity factor ndash 70

Oil-fired power generation Generating Capacity -63MW

World average emission factor in 2001-2003 ndash 659 gCO2 kWh Annual capacity factor ndash 70

Gas-fired power generation Generating Capacity -10MW




January 7 2011

17


A-(iii) Energy (Coal Mining)Underground coal mining Coal production - 93000

ton coalyr

Emission factor ndash 175m3

CH4 ton of coal 067

GgCH4 million m3

Surface coal mining Coal production -650000

ton coalyrEmission factor ndash 245m

3CH4ton of coal 067

GgCH4 million m3

A-(iv) Heavy IndustryCement production Cement production -

33000 ton cementyrEmission factor ndash 0750 tCO2 t cement

Iron and steel production Iron steel production -16000 ton iron or steelyr

Emission factor ndash 16 tCO2t iron or steel

A-(v) AgricultureDomestic livestock (dairycattle Latin America)

Livestock - 14000 cattle Emission factor ndash 63 kgCH4 headyr

Domestic livestock (dairycattle Africa)

Livestock- 20000 cattle Emission factor ndash 40 kgCH4 headyr

A-(vi) Forestry Land Use ChangeConversion of fast growinghardwoods tropical forest

Conversion area 1100ha

Annual average accumulation of dry matter asbiomass ndash 125 ton dmhayr carbon fraction ofdry matter ndash 05

Conversion of Douglas firtemperate forest



A-(vii) Oil and Gas Production (Flaring only)Natural Gas Production 21000 million m

3CO yr 2 emission factor of 12E-03 Gg per millionm

3gas production Source IPCC Guidelines

for National Greenhouse Gas InventoriesTable 425 (2006)

Oil Production 600000 m3

CO yr 2 emission factor of 41E-02 Gg perthousand m

3oil production Source IPCC

Guidelines for National Greenhouse GasInventories Table 425 (2006)

Associated Gas Flaring 350 million standard cubicfeet (SCF) gas flaringyr

American Petroleum Institute (API)Combustions Emissions Estimation MethodsExhibit 48 (2004)

B Indirect Emissions (from Purchased Electricity)Average Generation Mixture Electricity consumption -

50 GWhyrWorld average emission factor in 2001-2003 ndash 494 gCO2 kWh

Coal-fired generation Electricity consumption -28 GWhyr

World average emission factor in 2001-2003 ndash 893 gCO2 kWh

Oil-fired generation Electricity consumption -38 GWhyr


Gas-fired generation Electricity consumption -63 GWhyr


Note Assumptions are from (i) Revised 1996 and 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (ii) IEAStatistics ndash CO2 Emissions from Fuel combustion 1971-2003 and (iii) IEA Energy Statistics Manual 2004 These levels are for

illustrative purpose only and not to be used as threshold to determine whether projects exceed 100000 metric ton CO 2

equivalentper year

Evaluation of greenhouse gas emissions

Clients with projects producing significant GHG emissions are required to evaluate (i) Scope 1Emissions direct emissions from the facilities that they own or control within the physicalproject boundary and if feasible and relevant and (ii) Scope 2 Emissions indirect emissions



January 7 2011

18


associated with the projectrsquos use of energy but occurring outside the project boundary (egGHG emissions from purchased electricity heat or cooling)



January 7 2011

19


References

World Bank Group (WBG) Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines ndash technicalguidance informing those parts of the new policy structure related to environmentalhealth and safety issues presented both generally and for 63 industrial and servicesectors

httpwwwifcorgifcextenvironsfContentEnvironmentalGuidelines

WBG Environmental Health and Safety General Guidelines (IFC) ndash technicalguidance on subject matter covered in Performance Standard 3 and otherPerformance Standards Separate sections describe air emissions and ambient airquality energy conservation wastewater and ambient water quality waterconservation hazardous materials management waste management noise and

contaminated land among othershttpwwwifcorgifcextsustainabilitynsfAttachmentsByTitlegui_EHSGuidelines2007_GeneralEHS$FILEFinal+-+General+EHS+Guidelinespdf

IFC has compiled a variety of resources relevant to climate change mitigationadaptation on its Climate Business web site

httpwwwifcorgclimatebusiness

These include the Carbon Emissions Estimator Tool (CEET) which is compatible withthe GHG Protocol carbon reporting methodologies CEET an Excel spreadsheetmay be downloaded from this link

httpwwwifcorgifcextclimatebusinessnsfContentGHGaccounting

The European Union Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) Bureau hasprepared Reference Documents on Best Available Techniques (BREF Documents)IFC) ndash technical guidance on process selection and operations that in the EuropeanUnion are considered to be examples of Best Available Techniques (BAT) TheBREFS also state environmental impacts including for selected sectors resourceefficiency benchmarks associated with BAT

httpeippcbjrcesreference

Several of the requirements set out in the Performance Standard relate to the following

international agreements and guidelines

Guidance on Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers can be found in

International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals of the United Nations Environment Programme (Instituted by UNEP Chemicals) ndash data onenvironmental releases and transfers of toxic chemicals from industrial facilitieshttpwwwchemunepchprtrDefaulthtm



January 7 2011

20


Guidance on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution can be found in

Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (UNECE 1979) provides aframework for controlling and reducing the damage to human health and theenvironment caused by transboundary air pollutionhttpwwwuneceorgenvlrtap

Various examples of cleaner production are being compiled by international organizationssuch as

United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP)httpwwwunepfrscpcp United Nations Industrial Development Organization(UNIDO)

Asian Productivity Organization (APO)

Many sources are available with information on energy efficiency and other GHG mitigationtechniques Some example are given below

US EPA Energy Star Program which among other things offer guidance on energyefficiency opportunities in the residential commercial and selected industrial sectors httpwwwenergystargovindexcfmc=homeindex

US Department of Energy Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Industrial Technologies Program is the lead US government program working to increaseenergy efficiency of US industry Its web site has a wealth of materials related toenergy efficiency topics including case studies generic and industry-specific

technical information and software tools for the analysis of common energy-intensiveindustrial utilities One can also subscribe to a newsletter httpwww1eereenergygovindustryindexhtml

The Carbon Trust a not-for-profit company established by the UK Government to tohelp businesses and public organisations to reduce their emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere through improved energy efficiency and developing commerciallow carbon technology httpwwwcarbontrustcoukPagesDefaultaspx

Guidance on waste and hazardous materials can be found in

Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal (UNEP 1989) provides assistance and guidelines onlegal and technical issues gathers statistical data and conducts training on theproper management of hazardous waste httpwwwbaselintindexhtml

Supporting information to the Basel Convention are available athttpwwwbaselintmeetingssbcworkdoctechdocshtml



January 7 2011

21


Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (UNEP 2001) promotesthe reduction or elimination of releases of POPs through intentional andor

unintentional production and use of chemicals and from stockpiles and wasteshttpchmpopsint

Guidelines on Best Available Techniques and Provisional Guidance on BestEnvironmental Practices relevant to Article 5 and Annex C of the StockholmConvention on Persistent Organic PollutantshttpchmpopsintProgrammesBATBEPGuidelinestabid187languageen-USDefaultaspx

Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (UNEP 2000)sets targets for reducing the production and consumption of ozone depletingsubstances

httpwwwuneporgozonepdfsMontreal-Protocol2000pdf

Institut International du Froid International Institute of Refrigeration Summary Sheet on the Montreal Protocol August 2005httpwwwiifiirorgendoc1023pdf

Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent for Certain HazardousChemicals and Pesticides in International Trade (UNEP revised 2005) -procedure for certain hazardous chemicals and pesticides in international trade(Annex III)httpwwwpicinthomephptype=tampid=49

Marpol 7378 - International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto (InternationalMaritime Organization 19731978) - prevention of pollution of the marineenvironment by ships from operational or accidental causes

httpwwwimoorgAboutConventionsListOfConventionsPagesInternational-Convention-for-the-Prevention-of-Pollution-from-Ships-(MARPOL)aspx

For guidance on minimizing the occurrence and harmful effects of technological accidentsand environmental emergencies

APELL - Awareness and Preparedness for Emergencies on a Local Level

(UNEP) ndash provides technical reports and other materials to assist disasterprevention and response planning in vulnerable areashttpwwwuneptieorgscpspprocess

In addition the requirements set out in the Performance Standard on Ambient Conditionsrelate to the following Internationally Recognized Ambient Quality Guidelines andStandards

Air Quality Guidelines ndash Global Update 2005 (World Health Organization 2006)



January 7 2011

22


httpwwwwhointphehealth_topicsoutdoorair_aqgen

Guidelines for Safe Recreational Water Environments - Volume 1 Coastal and FreshWaters (World Health Organization 2003) describes the present state of knowledgeregarding the impact of recreational use of coastal and freshwater environmentsupon the health of usershttpwwwwhointwater_sanitation_healthbathingsrwe1en

Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality - Third Edition (World Health Organization2004) sets worldwide basis for regulation and standard setting to ensure the safety ofdrinking-water httpwwwwhointwater_sanitation_healthdwqgdwq3en

Guidelines for Community Noise (World Health Organization 1999) provideguidance to environmental health authorities and professional trying to protect

people from the harmful effects of noise in non-industrial environmentshttpwwwwhointdocstorepehnoiseguidelines2html

Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection -ICRP Publication 60 (International Commission on Radiological Protection 1991)intended to help regulatory and advisory agencies deal with ionizing radiation andwith the protection of man httpwwwicrporg

International Basic safety Standards for Protection against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources - Safety Series No 115 (International Atomic EnergyAgency 1996) provides basic requirements for protection against the risksassociated with exposure to ionizing radiation and for the safety of radiation sources

that may deliver such exposurehttpwww-pubiaeaorgMTCDpublicationsPDFSS-115-WebPub996_web-1apdf

Guidelines for Limiting Exposure to Time-Varying Electric Magnetic and Electromagnetic Fields (Up To 300 GHz) (International Commission on Non-IonizingRadiation Protection 1998) establishes guidelines for limiting electromagnetic fieldexposure to protect against known adverse health affectshttpwwwicnirpdedocumentsemfgdlpdf

Additional reference to protection against radiation

IAEA Safety Standards for protecting people and the environment published 2006 provides

safety fundamentalsprincipalshttpwww-pubiaeaorgMTCDpublicationsPDFPub1273_webpdf

In addition the requirements set out in the Performance Standard on Greenhouse GasEmissions relate to the following Internationally Recognized Guidelines and Standards

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UN 1994) sets anoverall framework for intergovernmental efforts to tackle the challenge posed byclimate change httpwwwunfcccint



January 7 2011

23


Kyoto Protocol (UN 1997) sets individual legally-binding targets to limit or reduce

greenhouse gas emissions in order to pursue the objectives of the UNFCCChttpunfcccintessential_backgroundkyoto_protocolitems2830php

Clean Development Mechanism (UN) to assist Parties not included in Annex I inachieving sustainable development and in contributing to the ultimate objective of theUNFCCC and to assist Parties included in Annex I in achieving compliance withtheir quantified emission limitation and reduction commitmentshttpunfcccintkyoto_mechanismscdmitems2718php

Joint Implementation (UN) - an Annex I Party may implement an emission-reducingproject or a project that enhances removals by sinks in the territory of another AnnexI Party and count the resulting emission reduction units towards meeting its own

Kyoto targethttpunfcccintkyoto_mechanismsjiitems1674php

Revised 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change2006) - methodologies for estimatinganthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases incalculation of legally-binding targets during the first commitment periodhttpwwwipcc-nggipigesorjppublic2006glindexhtm

IPCC Fourth Assessment Report httpwwwipccchpublications_and_datapublications_ipcc_fourth_assessment_ report_synthesis_reporthtm

Internationally-recognized greenhouse gas emissions methodologies

World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) World ResourcesInstitute (WRI) Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Protocol Initiative

A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard Revised Edition (WBCSD andWRI 2004) includes additional guidance case studies appendices and a newchapter on setting a GHG targethttpwwwwbcsdorgincludesgetTargetasptype=dampid=OTA4Mg

The GHG Protocol for Project Accounting (WBCSD and WRI 2005) aims to be a

guidance manual as well as a tool for quantifying and reporting reductions fromGHG projects The uniqueness of the protocol lies in its ability to distinguishbetween policy decisions and technical accounting aspectshttpwwwwbcsdorgincludesgetTargetasptype=dampid=MTc1MDk

GHG Protocol Tools for GHG calculation from general industrial and commercialactivities such as stationary combustion purchased electricity transport ormobile sources combined heat and power plants and refrigeration and airconditioning systems Tools are also available to calculate GHG emissions from



January 7 2011

24


the following industrial sectors aluminium cement iron and steel limeammonia nitric acid HCFC-22 pulp and paper and adipic acid Additional

guidance is also available following free registrationhttpwwwghgprotocolorgcalculation-toolsall-tools

The Forest Industry Carbon Assessment Tool (FICAT) an IFC-supported toolthat enables characterization of the overall lifecycle greenhouse gas impact (not

just CO2) of forest product industry manufacturing facilities or companies httpwwwficatmodelorglandingindexhtml

Unites States of America Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) ClimateChange web sitehttpwwwepagovclimatechangeindexhtml

US EPA GHG Reporting Program httpwwwepagovclimatechangeemissionsghgrulemakinghtml

ISO 14064 Part 2 - ISO Greenhouse Gas Project Accounting Standard (ISO2006) Specification with guidance at the project level for quantificationmonitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emission reductions or removalenhancementshttpwwwisoorgisoenCatalogueDetailPageCatalogueDetailCSNUMBER=38382ampICS1=13ampICS2=20ampICS3=40

Guidelines for the Measurement and Reporting of Emissions (UK Department ofEnergy amp Climate Change 2009) a set of reporting guidelines and protocols for

direct participants in the UK emissions trading scheme httpwwwdefragovukenvironmentbusinessreportingpdfghg-guidancepdf

Emission Inventory Improvement Program Volume VIII ndash Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emissions (US Environmental Protection Agency 1999)httpwwwepagovttnchiefeiiptechreport

Compendium of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Methodologies for the Oil and Gas Industry (American Petroleum Institute 2004) provides tools for companiesmeasuring and reporting their greenhouse gas emissions in the oil and gasindustryhttpwwwapiorgehsclimatenewupload2009_GHG_COMPENDIUMpdf

Petroleum Industry Guidelines for Reporting GHG Emissions (InternationalPetroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association 2003) guidancefocused specifically on the accounting and reporting of GHG emissions at thefacility through the corporate levelhttpwwwipiecaorgpublicationpetroleum-industry-guidelines-reporting-greenhouse-gas-emissions

An example on private sector disclosure of GHG Emissions



January 7 2011

25


Carbon Disclosure Project - institutional investors collectively sign a single globalrequest for disclosure of information on Greenhouse Gas Emissions

httpwwwcdprojectnet

Various sources providing national greenhouse gas emission statistics are

CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion (International Energy Agency 2006edition) provides data to assist in understanding the evolution of the emissions ofCO2 for more than 140 countries and regions by sector and by fuelhttpwwwieaorgTextbasepublicationsfree_new_DescaspPUBS_ID=1825

Energy Information Administration (The US Department of Energy) provides USemission data and other useful tools httpwwweiadoegovenvironmenthtml

Pesticide Storage and Stock Control Manual (Food and Agriculture Organizationof the United Nations 1996) useful in many countries particularly in themanagement and stock control of stored pesticideshttpwwwfaoorgdocrepv8966ev8966e00htm

Revised Guidelines on Good Labeling Practice (Food and AgricultureOrganization of the United Nations 1995) guidance on the preparation of a labeland specific advice on content and layouthttpwwwfaoorgWAICENTFAOINFOAGRICULTAGPAGPPPesticidCodeDownloadlabeldoc

Guidelines for Retail Distribution of Pesticides with Particular Reference to Storage and Handling at the Point of Supply to Users in Developing Countries (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 1988) guidance onhow to store and handle pesticides at the point of supply to usershttpwwwfaoorgWAICENTFAOINFOAGRICULTAGPAGPPPesticidCodeDownloadretaildoc

Guidelines for the Management of Small Quantities of Unwanted and Obsolete Pesticides - FAO Pesticide Disposal Series 7 (Food and Agriculture Organizationof the United Nations 1999) guidance on the disposal of small quantities ofunusable pesticide stocks pesticide-related waste and contaminated containershttpwwwfaoorgdocrepx1531eX1531e07htm

Guidelines for Personal Protection when Working with Pesticides in Tropical Climates (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 1990)guidance on protecting pesticide users while ensuring they are able to workcomfortably and efficiently in tropical climates httpwwwfaoorgagAGPAGPPPesticidCodeDownloadPROTECTpdf

Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent for Certain HazardousChemicals and Pesticides in International Trade (UNEP revised 2005) -



January 7 2011


procedure for certain hazardous chemicals and pesticides in international trade(Annex III)

httpwwwpicinthomephptype=tampid=27ampsid=29

The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification (International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) 2002)Provides classification system to distinguish between the more and the lesshazardous forms of selected pesticides based on acute risk to human healthhttpwwwwhointipcspublicationspesticides_hazarden



January 7 2011

2


information on how to address ambient conditions is provided in paragraph 11 of thisPerformance Standard and its accompanying Guidance Note

G2 Projects shall consume natural resources such as energy and water in an efficient mannerthat does not create adverse impacts on others

G3 The potential environmental impacts associated with the emissions of greenhouse gases(GHGs) are considered to be among the most complex to predict and mitigate due to theirglobal nature Clients are therefore encouraged to consider their potential contribution to climatechange when developing and implementing projects and to minimize GHG emissions from corebusiness activities to the extent that this is cost-effective

Scope of Application

3 The applicability of this Performance Standard is established during the social and environmental risks and impacts identification process while the implementation of the

actions necessary to meet the requirements of this Performance Standard is managed

through the clientrsquos social and environmental management system These requirements are

outlined in Performance Standard 1

G4 Risks and impacts associated with the generation use storage release andor disposalof pollutants and resource consumption are identified during the social and environmental risksand impacts identification process planned as part of the clientrsquos Social and EnvironmentalManagement System and implemented as part of the clientrsquos Action Plan Since not all potentialimpacts can possibly be identified at the outset of a project the client should use itsManagement System to evaluate and address unforeseen circumstances that are identifiedduring the course of the project in accordance with Performance Standard 3 objectives

Requirements

4 During the project life-cycle the client will consider ambient conditions and apply

technically and financially feasible resource efficiency and pollution prevention principles

and techniques that are best suited to avoid and if not possible minimize adverse impacts

on human health and the environment3

The principles and techniques applied during the

project life-cycle will be tailored to the hazards and risks associated with the nature of the

project and consistent with good international industry practice (GIIP)4

______________________________

as reflected in

various internationally recognized sources including the World Bank Group Environmental

Health and Safety Guidelines (EHS Guidelines)

3 Technical feasibility is based on whether the proposed measures and actions can be implemented withcommercially available skills equipment and materials taking into consideration prevailing local factors suchas climate geography demography infrastructure security governance capacity and operational reliabilityFinancial feasibility is based on commercial considerations including relative magnitude of the incremental costof adopting such measures and actions compared to the projectrsquos investment operating and maintenancecosts and on whether this incremental cost could make the project nonviable to the client

4 Defined as the exercise of professional skill diligence prudence and foresight that would reasonably beexpected from skilled and experienced professionals engaged in the same type of undertaking under the sameor similar circumstances globally or regionally The circumstances that skilled and experienced professionalsmay find when evaluating the range of pollution prevention and control techniques available to a project mayinclude but are not limited to varying levels of environmental degradation and environmental assimilativecapacity as well as varying levels of financial and technical feasibility



January 7 2011

3















January 7 2011

4





Resource Efficiency


_____________________________________

measures






5











January 7 2011

5













Greenhouse Gases










9







January 7 2011

6







(ii) Methane (CH

)

4


)

2


O)



)











January 7 2011

7









- equivalent








project locations

Water Consumption



January 7 2011

8











Where





11


Pollution11





January 7 2011

9



the


capacity 13

_______________________________

















January 7 2011

10














January 7 2011

11












Wastes



15

________________________










15





January 7 2011

12















___________________________

16

16








January 7 2011

13
























January 7 2011

14



















January 7 2011

15








January 7 2011

16



Annex A









per year
















January 7 2011

17



ton coalyr


CH4 ton of coal 067

GgCH4 million m3



3CH4ton of coal 067

GgCH4 million m3



































equivalentper year





January 7 2011

18





January 7 2011

19


References

















January 7 2011

20

















January 7 2011

21


















January 7 2011

22


















January 7 2011

23

















January 7 2011

24

















January 7 2011

25



httpwwwcdprojectnet












January 7 2011







January 7 2011

3















January 7 2011

4





Resource Efficiency


_____________________________________

measures






5











January 7 2011

5













Greenhouse Gases










9







January 7 2011

6







(ii) Methane (CH

)

4


)

2


O)



)











January 7 2011

7









- equivalent








project locations

Water Consumption



January 7 2011

8











Where





11


Pollution11





January 7 2011

9



the


capacity 13

_______________________________

















January 7 2011

10














January 7 2011

11












Wastes



15

________________________










15





January 7 2011

12















___________________________

16

16








January 7 2011

13
























January 7 2011

14



















January 7 2011

15








January 7 2011

16



Annex A









per year
















January 7 2011

17



ton coalyr


CH4 ton of coal 067

GgCH4 million m3



3CH4ton of coal 067

GgCH4 million m3



































equivalentper year





January 7 2011

18





January 7 2011

19


References

















January 7 2011

20

















January 7 2011

21


















January 7 2011

22


















January 7 2011

23

















January 7 2011

24

















January 7 2011

25



httpwwwcdprojectnet












January 7 2011







January 7 2011

4





Resource Efficiency


_____________________________________

measures






5











January 7 2011

5













Greenhouse Gases










9







January 7 2011

6







(ii) Methane (CH

)

4


)

2


O)



)











January 7 2011

7









- equivalent








project locations

Water Consumption



January 7 2011

8











Where





11


Pollution11





January 7 2011

9



the


capacity 13

_______________________________

















January 7 2011

10














January 7 2011

11












Wastes



15

________________________










15





January 7 2011

12















___________________________

16

16








January 7 2011

13
























January 7 2011

14



















January 7 2011

15








January 7 2011

16



Annex A









per year
















January 7 2011

17



ton coalyr


CH4 ton of coal 067

GgCH4 million m3



3CH4ton of coal 067

GgCH4 million m3



































equivalentper year





January 7 2011

18





January 7 2011

19


References

















January 7 2011

20

















January 7 2011

21


















January 7 2011

22


















January 7 2011

23

















January 7 2011

24

















January 7 2011

25



httpwwwcdprojectnet












January 7 2011







January 7 2011

5













Greenhouse Gases










9







January 7 2011

6







(ii) Methane (CH

)

4


)

2


O)



)











January 7 2011

7









- equivalent








project locations

Water Consumption



January 7 2011

8











Where





11


Pollution11





January 7 2011

9



the


capacity 13

_______________________________

















January 7 2011

10














January 7 2011

11












Wastes



15

________________________










15





January 7 2011

12















___________________________

16

16








January 7 2011

13
























January 7 2011

14



















January 7 2011

15








January 7 2011

16



Annex A









per year
















January 7 2011

17



ton coalyr


CH4 ton of coal 067

GgCH4 million m3



3CH4ton of coal 067

GgCH4 million m3



































equivalentper year





January 7 2011

18





January 7 2011

19


References

















January 7 2011

20

















January 7 2011

21


















January 7 2011

22


















January 7 2011

23

















January 7 2011

24

















January 7 2011

25



httpwwwcdprojectnet












January 7 2011







January 7 2011

6







(ii) Methane (CH

)

4


)

2


O)



)











January 7 2011

7









- equivalent








project locations

Water Consumption



January 7 2011

8











Where





11


Pollution11





January 7 2011

9



the


capacity 13

_______________________________

















January 7 2011

10














January 7 2011

11












Wastes



15

________________________










15





January 7 2011

12















___________________________

16

16








January 7 2011

13
























January 7 2011

14



















January 7 2011

15








January 7 2011

16



Annex A









per year
















January 7 2011

17



ton coalyr


CH4 ton of coal 067

GgCH4 million m3



3CH4ton of coal 067

GgCH4 million m3



































equivalentper year





January 7 2011

18





January 7 2011

19


References

















January 7 2011

20

















January 7 2011

21


















January 7 2011

22


















January 7 2011

23

















January 7 2011

24

















January 7 2011

25



httpwwwcdprojectnet












January 7 2011







January 7 2011

7









- equivalent








project locations

Water Consumption



January 7 2011

8











Where





11


Pollution11





January 7 2011

9



the


capacity 13

_______________________________

















January 7 2011

10














January 7 2011

11












Wastes



15

________________________










15





January 7 2011

12















___________________________

16

16








January 7 2011

13
























January 7 2011

14



















January 7 2011

15








January 7 2011

16



Annex A









per year
















January 7 2011

17



ton coalyr


CH4 ton of coal 067

GgCH4 million m3



3CH4ton of coal 067

GgCH4 million m3



































equivalentper year





January 7 2011

18





January 7 2011

19


References

















January 7 2011

20

















January 7 2011

21


















January 7 2011

22


















January 7 2011

23

















January 7 2011

24

















January 7 2011

25



httpwwwcdprojectnet












January 7 2011







January 7 2011

8











Where





11


Pollution11





January 7 2011

9



the


capacity 13

_______________________________

















January 7 2011

10














January 7 2011

11












Wastes



15

________________________










15





January 7 2011

12















___________________________

16

16








January 7 2011

13
























January 7 2011

14



















January 7 2011

15








January 7 2011

16



Annex A









per year
















January 7 2011

17



ton coalyr


CH4 ton of coal 067

GgCH4 million m3



3CH4ton of coal 067

GgCH4 million m3



































equivalentper year





January 7 2011

18





January 7 2011

19


References

















January 7 2011

20

















January 7 2011

21


















January 7 2011

22


















January 7 2011

23

















January 7 2011

24

















January 7 2011

25



httpwwwcdprojectnet












January 7 2011







January 7 2011

9



the


capacity 13

_______________________________

















January 7 2011

10














January 7 2011

11












Wastes



15

________________________










15





January 7 2011

12















___________________________

16

16








January 7 2011

13
























January 7 2011

14



















January 7 2011

15








January 7 2011

16



Annex A









per year
















January 7 2011

17



ton coalyr


CH4 ton of coal 067

GgCH4 million m3



3CH4ton of coal 067

GgCH4 million m3



































equivalentper year





January 7 2011

18





January 7 2011

19


References

















January 7 2011

20

















January 7 2011

21


















January 7 2011

22


















January 7 2011

23

















January 7 2011

24

















January 7 2011

25



httpwwwcdprojectnet












January 7 2011







January 7 2011

10














January 7 2011

11












Wastes



15

________________________










15





January 7 2011

12















___________________________

16

16








January 7 2011

13
























January 7 2011

14



















January 7 2011

15








January 7 2011

16



Annex A









per year
















January 7 2011

17



ton coalyr


CH4 ton of coal 067

GgCH4 million m3



3CH4ton of coal 067

GgCH4 million m3



































equivalentper year





January 7 2011

18





January 7 2011

19


References

















January 7 2011

20

















January 7 2011

21


















January 7 2011

22


















January 7 2011

23

















January 7 2011

24

















January 7 2011

25



httpwwwcdprojectnet












January 7 2011







January 7 2011

11












Wastes



15

________________________










15





January 7 2011

12















___________________________

16

16








January 7 2011

13
























January 7 2011

14



















January 7 2011

15








January 7 2011

16



Annex A









per year
















January 7 2011

17



ton coalyr


CH4 ton of coal 067

GgCH4 million m3



3CH4ton of coal 067

GgCH4 million m3



































equivalentper year





January 7 2011

18





January 7 2011

19


References

















January 7 2011

20

















January 7 2011

21


















January 7 2011

22


















January 7 2011

23

















January 7 2011

24

















January 7 2011

25



httpwwwcdprojectnet












January 7 2011







January 7 2011

12















___________________________

16

16








January 7 2011

13
























January 7 2011

14



















January 7 2011

15








January 7 2011

16



Annex A









per year
















January 7 2011

17



ton coalyr


CH4 ton of coal 067

GgCH4 million m3



3CH4ton of coal 067

GgCH4 million m3



































equivalentper year





January 7 2011

18





January 7 2011

19


References

















January 7 2011

20

















January 7 2011

21


















January 7 2011

22


















January 7 2011

23

















January 7 2011

24

















January 7 2011

25



httpwwwcdprojectnet












January 7 2011







January 7 2011

13
























January 7 2011

14



















January 7 2011

15








January 7 2011

16



Annex A









per year
















January 7 2011

17



ton coalyr


CH4 ton of coal 067

GgCH4 million m3



3CH4ton of coal 067

GgCH4 million m3



































equivalentper year





January 7 2011

18





January 7 2011

19


References

















January 7 2011

20

















January 7 2011

21


















January 7 2011

22


















January 7 2011

23

















January 7 2011

24

















January 7 2011

25



httpwwwcdprojectnet












January 7 2011







January 7 2011

14



















January 7 2011

15








January 7 2011

16



Annex A









per year
















January 7 2011

17



ton coalyr


CH4 ton of coal 067

GgCH4 million m3



3CH4ton of coal 067

GgCH4 million m3



































equivalentper year





January 7 2011

18





January 7 2011

19


References

















January 7 2011

20

















January 7 2011

21


















January 7 2011

22


















January 7 2011

23

















January 7 2011

24

















January 7 2011

25



httpwwwcdprojectnet












January 7 2011







January 7 2011

15








January 7 2011

16



Annex A









per year
















January 7 2011

17



ton coalyr


CH4 ton of coal 067

GgCH4 million m3



3CH4ton of coal 067

GgCH4 million m3



































equivalentper year





January 7 2011

18





January 7 2011

19


References

















January 7 2011

20

















January 7 2011

21


















January 7 2011

22


















January 7 2011

23

















January 7 2011

24

















January 7 2011

25



httpwwwcdprojectnet












January 7 2011







January 7 2011

16



Annex A









per year
















January 7 2011

17



ton coalyr


CH4 ton of coal 067

GgCH4 million m3



3CH4ton of coal 067

GgCH4 million m3



































equivalentper year





January 7 2011

18





January 7 2011

19


References

















January 7 2011

20

















January 7 2011

21


















January 7 2011

22


















January 7 2011

23

















January 7 2011

24

















January 7 2011

25



httpwwwcdprojectnet












January 7 2011







January 7 2011

17



ton coalyr


CH4 ton of coal 067

GgCH4 million m3



3CH4ton of coal 067

GgCH4 million m3



































equivalentper year





January 7 2011

18





January 7 2011

19


References

















January 7 2011

20

















January 7 2011

21


















January 7 2011

22


















January 7 2011

23

















January 7 2011

24

















January 7 2011

25



httpwwwcdprojectnet












January 7 2011







January 7 2011

18





January 7 2011

19


References

















January 7 2011

20

















January 7 2011

21


















January 7 2011

22


















January 7 2011

23

















January 7 2011

24

















January 7 2011

25



httpwwwcdprojectnet












January 7 2011







January 7 2011

19


References

















January 7 2011

20

















January 7 2011

21


















January 7 2011

22


















January 7 2011

23

















January 7 2011

24

















January 7 2011

25



httpwwwcdprojectnet












January 7 2011







January 7 2011

20

















January 7 2011

21


















January 7 2011

22


















January 7 2011

23

















January 7 2011

24

















January 7 2011

25



httpwwwcdprojectnet












January 7 2011







January 7 2011

21


















January 7 2011

22


















January 7 2011

23

















January 7 2011

24

















January 7 2011

25



httpwwwcdprojectnet












January 7 2011







January 7 2011

22


















January 7 2011

23

















January 7 2011

24

















January 7 2011

25



httpwwwcdprojectnet












January 7 2011







January 7 2011

23

















January 7 2011

24

















January 7 2011

25



httpwwwcdprojectnet












January 7 2011







January 7 2011

24

















January 7 2011

25



httpwwwcdprojectnet












January 7 2011







January 7 2011

25



httpwwwcdprojectnet












January 7 2011







January 7 2011



