phd completion seminar - caepr.cass.anu.edu.au · phd completion seminar richard barcham ....
TRANSCRIPT
PhD Completion Seminar
Richard Barcham
Intervention for Social Change Theorising empowerment practice from the Pacific and Indigenous Australia
Four Case Studies: • Solomon Islands Development Trust (Solomon Islands) • Bismark Ramu Group (Papua New Guinea) • Social Empowerment Education Program (Fiji) • JCU Empowerment Research Program / Family WellBeing
(Australia) A Three-tiered Approach: • Personal • Organisational • Social
Conceptual model for Psychological Empowerment (Christens 2011)
Themes and sub-themes in Aboriginal Empowerment (Tsey 2009)
“Development […] is seen as human development, as development of people in society.”
Johan Galtung, Goals, Processes and Indicators in Development, (1979:1)
Johan Galtung 1930 -
Question Man
Universal Human Need Universal Need Classes (internal, subject)
Physiological
Security
Identity
Autonomy
Need Lists Actor Dependent
Structure Dependent
Life, health
Localized and specific (hunger, cold, illness)
Stimulation, senses, imagination, play (learning)
Love
Consistency of response (reward and discipline)
Rationality
Law enforcement, freedom from
Distributive justice (law enforcement, state welfare, freedom from)
Personal worth
Affiliation
Group identification
Esteem
Recognition
Connection (other species, sense of place, land)
Personal growth and consciousness
Control (political and material)
Reflection based on symbolic representation (spirituality)
Exercise of self-judgment in choice
Struggle (rights, freedom to)
Source of Primary Satisfiers (external, object)
Existential “material ensemble”
Physical, objectified world
Kinships, friendships and intimate relationships, other bilateral social encounters
Social organization Values
Consequences of deficiency
Mortality and morbidity Uncontrolled conflict, violence
Alienation, anomie Fatalism, apathy submission/repression
Loss of meaning
Indicators Physical and psychological health
Personal responsibility Solidarity of members Tripartite rationality of knowledge
Material Non-material
Theory of Communicative Action Jurgen Habermas (1984, 1987)
“One can intuitively distinguish between the objectivity of external nature, the normative character of society, the intersubjectivity of language, and the subjectivity of internal nature.”
Jurgen Habermas, Theory and Society, 3 (1976:155)
Conceptual model for Psychological Empowerment (Christens 2011)
Subjectivity Objectivity Inter-subjective Normative
Communicative Action (Habermas 1984, 1987)
• Dramaturgical action (mutual help) Purposeful disclosure of subjectivity - sincerity • Normative action (identity group) Member of social group oriented to common values - rightness • Teleological action (strategic means) Solitary actor + 1 – a decision among alternative courses -
objective truth
•Mutual understanding
•Coordinating Action
•Socialisation
•Transmit and renew cultural knowledge
•Social integration
•Construction of identity
Forms of social action – limit cases of communicative action
Universal Human Need Universal Need Classes (internal, subject)
Physiological
Security
Identity
Autonomy
Need Lists Actor Dependent
Structure Dependent
Life, health
Localized and specific (hunger, cold, illness)
Stimulation, senses, imagination, play (learning)
Love
Consistency of response (reward and discipline)
Rationality
Law enforcement, freedom from
Distributive justice (law enforcement, state welfare, freedom from)
Personal worth
Affiliation
Group identification
Esteem
Recognition
Connection (other species, sense of place, land)
Personal growth and consciousness
Control (political and material)
Reflection based on symbolic representation (spirituality)
Exercise of self-judgment in choice
Struggle (rights, freedom to)
Source of Primary Satisfiers (external, object)
Existential “material ensemble”
Physical, objectified world
Kinships, friendships and intimate relationships, other bilateral social encounters
Social organization Values
Consequences of deficiency
Mortality and morbidity Uncontrolled conflict, violence
Alienation, anomie Fatalism, apathy submission/repression
Loss of meaning
Indicators Physical and psychological health
Personal responsibility Solidarity of members Tripartite rationality of knowledge
Material Non-material
The Field of Community Control
Safety
COMMUNITY (players + supporters)
SOCIAL EFFECT
SECURITY IDENTITY AUTONOMY
Risk and Trust Critical Consciousness
Structural Innovation
PERSONAL NEED
Bilateral Relationships
Social organisation
Values
AGENCY
INDICATOR
Dramaturgical Normative Teleological
Personal Responsibility
Solidarity of Members
Tri-partite rationality of knowledge
Mobilization Stasis
Self-reliance Dependency
Framing Anomie
Narrative
RESOURCES
PURPOSE
Performance Lovingkindness
FORM
PUBLIC GOOD
TO ACHIEVE/AVOID Uncontrolled conflict Alienation Fatalism
Choice Belonging
Physical integrity
Self-worth
Personal Growth
NEED LISTS
Love Connection Control MOTIVATION
Actor Dependant
Structure Dependant
Material Non-material
Inputs
The field of community control shows the logics and dynamics of empowerment
Outputs
Need as Interests - Common Purpose
Resources Common Purpose
To achieve/avoid
Agency
Self-reliance, Framing, Mobilization; Safety, Belonging, Choice.
Dependency, Anomie, Stasis; Violence, Alienation, Fatalism.
Equity
Exploitation
Inputs Outputs
The outcome of agency is contingent on the power relation, being either horizontal (equity) or vertical (exploitation).
Need as Motivation - Psychological Empowerment
Psychological empowerment: Agency progresses from actors to structures – 2 step process.
Resources (social)
Public goods (group entity)
Needs lists (person)
Motivation
Equity/Exploitation
Actor Dependent
Structure Dependent
The Field of Community Control
Safety
COMMUNITY (players + supporters)
SOCIAL EFFECT
SECURITY IDENTITY AUTONOMY
Risk and Trust Critical Consciousness
Structural Innovation
PERSONAL NEED
Bilateral Relationships
Social organisation
Values
AGENCY
INDICATOR
Dramaturgical Normative Teleological
Personal Responsibility
Solidarity of Members
Tri-partite rationality of knowledge
Mobilization Stasis
Self-reliance Dependency
Framing Anomie
Narrative
RESOURCES
PURPOSE
Performance Lovingkindness
FORM
PUBLIC GOOD
TO ACHIEVE/AVOID Uncontrolled conflict Alienation Fatalism
Choice Belonging
Physical integrity
Self-worth
Personal Growth
NEED LISTS
Love Connection Control MOTIVATION
Actor Dependant
Structure Dependant
Material Non-material
Inputs
Outputs
Lifeworld Power: psychological empowerment
System Power: significant interests
The Empowering Community
•Motivation/Incentive (push/pull) – a balance of everyone having a legitimate reason for participating that is personal and is reinforced by the solidary and purposive outcomes of participation.
•Communicative Action – the effort and contribution of every person to the production of public goods is systematically noticed and acknowledged in the procedures of discourse.
•Public goods produced – risk and trust, critical consciousness, structural innovation
•Common purpose – everyone in the group has a belief in the real existence of a common purpose that explains why we are working together.
Transformative and Ameliorative Organisation
Empowerment - transformative
Selective process to form relationship Adaptability Local Methods High Trust High Autonomy Public Dialogue Tolerance of trial and error Minimal organisation Minimum standards
Service Delivery - ameliorative
Competitive tender process Contractual obligations Experts and professionalism Low Trust Low Autonomy Executive control Contractual Compliance Standardised requirements Ex Post Control and Measurement
Theorising Empowerment in the Pacific and Indigenous Australia