phenotyping drought stress tolerance in populus tremula
DESCRIPTION
Phenotyping drought stress tolerance in Populus tremula Wageningen, October 14 th 2011 Doris Krabel, Matthias Meyer, Björn Günther, Gerd Helle Faculty of Forest-, Geo-, Hydrosciences, WG molecular physiology of woody plants Age of some forest trees: Trees are organisms of a long life Tilia spec: 600 years TU Dresden, Oct.14th 2011 Doris Krabel et al. Slide 2 - http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiche_am_Emmertshof http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/HutebaumTRANSCRIPT
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What makes trees so different?
Phenotyping drought stress tolerance in Populus tremula
Wageningen, October 14th 2011
Faculty of Forest-, Geo-, Hydrosciences, WG molecular physiology of woody plants
Doris Krabel, Matthias Meyer, Bjrn Gnther, Gerd Helle
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Trees are organisms of a long life
Age of some forest trees:
Quercus spec.: 750 years
Tilia spec: 600 years
Fagus sylvatica: 400 years
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutebaum
- http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiche_am_Emmertshof
What makes trees so different?
TU Dresden, Oct.14th 2011 Doris Krabel et al. Slide 2
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What makes trees so different?
- Period of reproduction starts late (earliest flowering of
forest trees after around 10-15 years, depending on
the species)
breeding takes time!!!
TU Dresden, Oct.14th 2011 Doris Krabel et al. slide 3
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What makes trees so different?
- They are tall
http://www.waldwissen.net/technik/holzernte/ar
beit/wsl_langseiltechnik/index_DE
http://www.sz-
online.de/nachrichten/artikel.as
p?id=2705236
1 year old poplar
Foto: K. Morgenstern
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What makes trees so different?
TU Dresden, Oct.14th 2011 Doris Krabel
slide 5
Foto: K. Morgenstern
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What makes trees so different?
- Traits of interest are usually first apparent after
decades of vegetation cycles
TU Dresden, Oct.14th 2011 Doris Krabel et al.
slide 6
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What makes trees so different?
- Not always easy to propagate
Root cuttings of trembling aspen (Populus tremula)
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What makes trees so different?
TU Dresden, Oct.14th 2011 Doris Krabel et al.
slide 8
- compared to other organisms trees show a high genetic diversity
Species
Chromosome number (n)
Genome size (bp x 106)
Number of genes (n)
Escherichia coli - 41,000
Homo sapiens 23 ca. 3,000 < 25,000
Pinus sylvestris 12 ca. 25,000 unknown
(modified after Finkeldey 2010)
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Traits of interest
- Wood quality: stem straightness or crookedness, basal
sweep; crown architecture as a whole; forking and
associated defects (ramicorns etc.); branching pattern
(thickness, angle, density); chemicals, wood anatomical
traits
TU Dresden, Oct.14th 2011 Doris Krabel et al. slide 9
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Traits of interest
- Stem architecture as a whole
TU Dresden, Oct.14th 2011 Doris Krabel et al.
slide 10
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Traits of interest
TU Dresden, Oct.14th 2011 Doris Krabel et al. slide 11
- Resistance/tolerance to pest and diseases (depends on the
species)
- Early and constant flowering (for breeding purposes)
- Resistance/tolerance to abiotic stress (e.g. drought, early
frost, late frost, winter frost)
- Fast growth (e.g. for energy purposes)
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- water demand economics - water deficit adaptations
reference for SRC locations: Landgraf (P&P) pers. communication,
no guarantee for completeness
Demand for
tree breeding:
Minimisation of yield
losses under water deficits
Climatic water balance for
Germany; period
01.05. 31.08.2010
Why drought tolerance in Poplar?
-
The approach
comparison group
ca. 400 aspen trees
free succession
(different age)
mapping population 103
aspen trees
F1 crossbred family
(1998 2003)
QTL-Mapping for water deficit tolerance related traits
-
yield (radial increment,
aggregate woody biomass)
carbon isotope ratio (13C)
fibre / vessel element length
vessel lumen cross-sectional area
wood density (X-ray densitometry)
Physiological/ anatomical traits
tree ring
archive
How to phenotype drought tolerance in trees?
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Methods for measuring fibre and vessel length, wood density, radial increment
North
South
How to phenotype drought tolerance in trees?
-
Periods of water deficit
mo
nth
ly p
recip
ita
tio
n
[mm
]
30 20 10
0
-6.0
-6.5
-7.0
-7.5
-8.0 de
pth
to
gro
un
dw
ate
r
[m u
nd
er
TG
S]
240
140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0
2000 2003
9.5 C 9.9 C 10.6 C 9.1 C 9.8 C 9.7 C
me
an
mo
nth
ly
tem
pe
ratu
re
[C
]
month in year
month in year
Mapping population
-
Radial increment (ir)
[m
m]
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
1 2 3 4 5 7 6 8 9 10 1
2 3 4 5 7 6 8 9 10
comparison group mapping population
tree ring
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
4.00
1,10 0,88 0,84
1,97
2,35 2,54
1,17
2,17 2,26
2,78 2,84
3.27 3,01
2.58 2.57
2,00
tree ring
Results
1998 2003
-
1.40
1.60
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
1.20
[1
0-
mm
]
0.45 0.44 0.46
0.85
0 .89
tree ring
1 2 3 4 5 6
Results
Mean vessel lumen
cross-sectional area (AG)
0.71
Mapping population
-
548
514 518
543
426
(g
/cm
)
0.40
0.65
0.60
0.55
0.50
0.45
588
548
518
551 550 546 558 549
534 525
585
1 2 3 4 5 7 6 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 7 6 8 9 10
Mean wood density (XD) - assessed by X-ray densitometry
comparison group mapping population
tree ring tree ring
Results
0.40
0.65
0.60
0.55
0.50
0.45
-
Results
Vessel- and fibre cell length juvenile trend of cell length
-
Vessel lumen cross-sectional area, tree ring 2003
Results
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Concluding remarks
TU Dresden, Oct.14th 2011 Doris Krabel et al. slide 22
- Phenotyping drought tolerance in trees is possible
by investigations on a combination of wood anatomical traits
- The specific developmental stage of the plant has to be
taken into consideration (juvenile trends)
We are far away from high throughput phenotyping in trees!
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200 years of forestry education in Tharandt
www.
.org
Acknowledgement
Free State of Saxony, Ministry of
Environment and Agriculture
www.TU-Dresden.de/Forst/ISOWOOD
ISOWOODISOWOOD
breedingbreeding
1313CC
ISOWOODISOWOOD
breedingbreeding
1313CC
Acknowledgement