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    EVOLUTION

    OF

    PHILIPPINE

    GOVERNMENT

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    VISION

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    MISSION

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    GOALS

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    OBJECTIVES OF BSED

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    RODOLFO B. VALDENARRO Jr.

    Module Developer

    GLAIZA R. D CADAPAN

    Module Developer

    FOREWORD

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    FOR-IAN V. SANDOVAL

    Computer Instructor / AdviserEducational Technology 2

    Estanislao A. RamosModule Consultant

    LYDIA R. CHAVEZDean College of Education

    FOREWORD

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    Acknowledgement

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    Introduction

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    http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761578132/Manila.htmlhttp://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761563737/World_War_II.htmlhttp://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761578062/Malay_Archipelago.html
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    General Objectives

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    TABLE OF CONTENTS

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    FIRST PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC

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    In 1899, after the Malolos Constitutionwas ratified, the Universidad Literia de Filipinaswas established in Malolos, Bulacan. It offered Law as well as Medicine, Surgery and Notary Public;

    Academia Militar which was established on October 25, 1898; and the Burgos Institute, anexclusive school for boys.The establishment of the Philippine Republic was the culmination of the Philippine

    Revolutionagainst Spanish rule. Independencewas declared onJune 12, 1898and the dictatorialgovernment then in place was replaced by a revolutionary government headed by Emilio AguinaldoaspresidentonJune 23, 1898. The U.S. abolished the Philippine Republic in 1899 and continued itsannexation of the islands pursuant to the Treaty of Pariswhich ended the Spanish-American War. ThePhilippines was under US sovereigntyuntil 1946, when formal independence was granted by the

    Treaty of Manila.

    Temporary triumphal arch commemorating election of Aguinaldo, 1899

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    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malolos_Constitutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maloloshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulacanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Revolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Revolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Declaration_of_Independencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1898http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1898http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1898)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish-American_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereigntyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Manila_(1946)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:AguinaldoTriumphalArch.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Manila_(1946)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereigntyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish-American_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish-American_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish-American_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1898)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1898http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1898http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Declaration_of_Independencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Revolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Revolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulacanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maloloshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malolos_Constitutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malolos_Constitutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malolos_Constitutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1897http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maloloshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barasoain_Churchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Declaration_of_Independence
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    Objectives:

    To identify the role of Katipunan in achieving Philippine independenceTo share the values and advocacy of Katipunan

    To recognize the officials and members of the Biak-na Bato Republic

    Blood compact of the members of Katipunan

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    THE BIAK-NA BATO REPUBLIC

    Pact of Biak-na Bato Filipino negotiators

    Toward the end of October, 1897, during a lull of hostilities, President

    Aguinaldo convened an assembly of revolutionary generals and leaders of Biak-na bato.

    This assembly decided to continue the libertarian war at all cost and establish a Biak-na

    bato Republic.

    On November 1, 1897, the Biaknabato republic was inaugurated underconstitution written by Isabelo Artacho and Felix Ferrer. This constitution was patterned

    closely after the Cuban constitution of 1895. The officials of Biak-na bato Republic were:

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    President : Emil io Ag uinaldoVice President: Mariano Trias

    Secretary o f Inter ior: Isabelo ArtachoSecretary of Treasury : Baldomero Aguinaldo

    Secretary of War: Emil iano Riego de Dios

    Secretary of Foreign Affa irs:

    Anton io Montenegro

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    Objectives:

    To show the importance of having a constitution in one countryTo discuss the making of Malolos Constitution

    To draw from memory the events on the inauguration of Malolos Constitution

    Opening of Malolos Congress at the Barasoain Church

    Malolos , Bulacan on September 15,1898

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    THE MAKING OF MALOLOS CONSTITUTION

    The committee of draft the constitution was composed of 19 members, namely:

    Feli pe G. Calderon

    (Chairman)Higini o Benitez

    Mariano Abell a

    Feli pe Buencamino Joaquin GonzalesAntonio Luna

    Geagorio Araneta

    Hipolito Magsalin

    Jo se Ma. De la Vina

    Jose A lejandro

    Tomas G. del Rosario

    Agu edo Velarde

    Jose Alber t

    Alberto Barreto

    Arsenio Cruz Herrera

    Juan Manday

    Jose Luna

    Pedro Ocampo

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    El Verdadero Decalogo

    "True Decalogue"

    Apolinario Mabini

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    FIRST COMMOMWEALTH IN THE PHILIPPINES

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    Objectives:

    To discuss different Independence MissionTo interpret the effect of World War 1 in the Philippines

    To draw/illustrate Philippine Independence Missions

    Filipino soldiers during World War 1

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    Woodrow Wilson

    President Wilson, in his farewell address to Congress on December 2, 1920, recommended the grantingof Philippine independence. Unfortunately, the Republican Party then controlled Congress, so that therecommendation of the outgoing Democratic president was not heeded.

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    Manuel Osmenia Manuel Roxas

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    Column B

    a. President Woodrow Wilson

    b. Ben Wright

    c. Private Tomas Claudio

    d. Declaration Purposes

    e. President Manuel l. Quezon

    f. Benigno Aquino Sr.

    g. President Herbert Hoover

    h. Hare Hawes Cutting Bill

    i. OSROX Mission

    j. Philippine National Guard.

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    Objectives:

    To recall the existence of Military government in the Philippines

    To differentiate Schurman Commission from Taft CommissionTo show the importance of United States in the development of Military Government

    Gen. Wesley Merritt

    Owing the exigencies of war, a military government was established on August 14, 1898, the day following thecapture of Manila, with Gen Wesley Merritt as first Military Governor. The authority of Military Governor came from thepowers of President as Commander in Chief of the United States Armed Forces. During the Military rule(1898-1901), theAmerican military commander govern the Philippines for the President of the United States.

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    In order to make a survey of Philippine conditions and to achieve the peaceful extension of American

    sovereignty over the archipelago, President McKinley appointed, on January 20, 1899.

    Philippine Congress under United States

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    First Philippine Commission (1898)

    The first Philippine commission otherwise known as the Schurman Commission. The

    commission was composed of Dr. Jacob G. Schurman (chairman), president of Cornell University; Maj

    Gen. Elwell Otis, Military Governor; rear Admiral George Dewey, commander of the American Asiatic

    squadron; Charles Denby, former American Minister to China; Dr. Dean C. Worcester, professor at the

    University of Michigan.

    The Schurman mission arrived in Manila on March 4, 1899, a month after the outbreak of the

    war. It failed to accomplish its mission owing to the exigencies of war. It conducted some hearings in

    Manila, received the emissaries of General Aguinaldo, after which it returned to the United States. On

    January 31, 1900, it submitted its report to President McKinley with the following recommendations:

    (1) The establishment of a territorial form of government with the legislature of two houses-the lowerhouse to be elective and the upper house to be half-elective and half-appointive.

    (2) Withdrawal of military rule in the pacified areas

    (3) The conservation of the natural resources of the Philippines for the Filipinos

    (4) The organization of autonomous local government

    (5) Opening of the free elementary schools

    (6) The appointment of man of high ability and good character to important government offices.

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    Objectives:

    To discuss how the civil government was enacted

    To analyze the provisions of Philippine Bill 1902

    GENERAL MACARTHUR announces the establishment of the

    Philippine Civil Government. Seen in the front row, left to right, are: Lt. Gen.

    George C. Kenney, Vice Adm. Thomas C. Kinkaid, Lt. Gen. Walter Krueger, Lt.

    Gen. Richard K.Sutherland, General MacArthur and President Sergio Osmea.

    The first government established by the Americans in the Philippines followed the surrender ofManila in August 1898. It was a military government. During the duration of the war, the Philippines wasruled by the president of the United States in his capacity as commander-in-chief of the United StatesArmed Forces. In its brief existence, from 1898 to 1901, the military government established a supreme courtcomposed of six Filipinos and three Americans. The first chief justice was Cayetano Arellano.

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    Objectives:

    To distinguish the differences of Philippine Constitution to American Constitution

    To relate the first Election to present day ElectionTo formulate ideas regarding steps of the Philippines to be independent

    SIGNING THE CONSTITUTION OF THE PHILIPPINE COMMONWEALTH, 23 MARCH 1935. Seated, left to right: George H.

    Dern, Secretary of War; President Franklin D. Roosevelt, signing the Constitution of the Philippine Commonwealth; Manuel L.

    Quezon, President, Philippine Senate; standing, left to right: Brig. Gen. Creed F. Cox, Chief, Bureau of Insular Affairs, War

    Department; Frank Murphy, Governor General of the Philippine Islands; Cordell Hull, Secretary of State; Key Pittman, Chairman,

    Foreign Relations Committee, U.S. Senate; Pedro Guevara, Philippine Resident Commissioner; Miguel Cuaderno, Vice President,

    Philippine National Bank, Manila, P. I.; Manuel Roxas, Representative, Philippine Legislature, Delegate, Constitutional Assembly;

    Francisco A. Delgado, Philippine Resident Commissioner.

    The 1935 Constitution was one of the noblest documents written by the Filipinos. It embodied

    the ideals of liberty and democracy which Filipinos had inspired for; an American type of government

    which they have trained in. The Bill of Rights and the structure of the new government were modeled

    after the American Constitution. In one respect, the Philippine Constitution was superior to the AmericanConstitution, because the preamble of the first invoked the aid of Divine Providence.

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    FIRST ELECTION UNDER 1935 CONSTITUTION

    Manuel L. Quezon declares as the

    President of the Philippines

    As a respiratory step towards the establishment of the Commonwealth of the Philippines the

    first national election under constitution was held on September 17, 1936. The party joined the election

    was namely: (1) the Coalition Party, (2) the National Socialist Party, and (3) the Republican Party. The

    candidates for President and Vice President were Manuel L. Quezon and Sergio Osmena (CoalitionParty); Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo and Raymundo Melliza (National Socialist Party); Bishop Gregorio Aglipay

    and Norbeto Nabong (Republican Party).

    By an overwhelming majority vote, the Filipino people elected Quezon and Osmenia of the Coalition

    Party as President and Vice President respectively, of the Philippines. The majority of the elected

    members of the National Assembly likewise belong to this party.

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    Objectives:

    To recall the inauguration of the Philippine Commonwealth

    To respond to the effect of the Commonwealth Government

    Manuel L. Quezon on his oath taking as the

    President of the Commonwealth government

    On the beautiful morning of November 15, 1935, the Commonwealth of the Philippines was

    inaugurated amidst colorful ceremonies held on the steps of the Legislative Building in Manila. The historic event

    was witnessed by a crowd of around 300,000 people.

    The invocation prayer was read by Archbishop Gabriel M. Reyes of Cebu. After the prayer,

    Secretary of War George H. Dern, as the personal and official representative of President Roosevelt, deliveredan address in which he extolled the progress of democracy in the Philippines. He was followed by Governor-

    General Murphy, who read the proclamation of the President of the United States. The oath of office was then

    administered to President-elect Quezon, Vice-President-elect Osmena, and the Members-elect of the National

    Assembly by Chief Justice Ramon Avancena of the Philippine Supreme Court. After the oath-taking ceremony,

    Secretary of War Dern, on behalf of the President of the United States, proclaimed the termination of the

    Government under the Jones Law and the birth of the Commonwealth of the Philippines. Thereupon PresidentQuezon delivered his inaugural address. A long parade ended the inaugural ceremonies.

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    US Products Use Not Use

    A. Foods

    B. Clothes

    C. Things

    D. Cosmetics/ BodyDecorations

    E. Machinery

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    SECOND COMMONWEALTH IN THE PHILIPPINES

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    Japanese soldiers killing a Filipino

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    Objectives:

    To show how the Japanese invasion begin

    To rearrange the sequence of events during World War 2

    The coming of Japanese troops in the Philippines

    The Second World War was by far the greatest armed conflict in the history of

    mankind. Basically, it was a life-and-death struggle between democracy and totalitarianism.

    The Philippines joined it on December 8, 1941, immediately after the Japanese attack onPearl Harbor, because of the Filipinos love of freedom and loyalty to America. The heroic

    role played by the fighting Filipinos during the war won the esteem of the world and proved

    their right to be ranked among the free nations of modern times.

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    Japanese plane used in the first air attacks

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    Planes and hangars burning at Wheeler Army

    Air Field soon after it was attacked

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    Wold War II

    1

    2 3

    456

    B. Essay

    1. Why did Japan declare war? Explain their reason.

    2. Differentiate democracy from Totalitarian.

    3. What are the preparations made by the Philippines before World War II?

    4. Is it easy for the Japanese to invade the Philippines? Why?

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    Objectives:

    To compare the patriotism of the Bataan heroes to the present day heroes

    To share the experiences of Filipino prisoners on Death MarchTo asses the suffering of the Filipino during World War 2

    Americans surrending on Bataan

    Lt. Gen. Jonathan M. Wainwright succeeded McArthur as commander of Fil-

    American troops, now changed from USSAFE( United States Armed Forces in the Far East)

    to USIP (United States Forces in the Philippines). He occupied McArthursheadquarters inCorregidor, and from he directed the gallant defense of Bataan .The Brave Filipinos and

    American defenders reeled before the smashing onslaught of the invaders, but they held

    their ground and fought on with tenacious courage.

    .

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    Bataan Death March

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    Grotesque: A prisoner of war, about to be

    beheaded by a Japanese executioner

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    A Scene in Death MarchLt. Ferdinad E. Marcos

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    Civilian Emergency Administration (CEA) Pearl Harbor

    Lt. Masaharu Homma 6000

    United States Forces in the Philippines (USIP) Pacific Ocean

    Lt. Gen. Douglas McArthur Capas, Tarlac

    Sulu Sea Distinguished Service Cross

    7000 President Roosevelt

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    1.

    2.3.

    4.

    5.

    1.

    2.

    3.

    4.

    5.

    E. Give at least five characteristics of an individual that need to acquire in this type

    of situation.

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    SECOND PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC

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    Objectives:

    To recall the 1943 Constitution

    To positively interpret the laws written in 1943 ConstitutionTo define KALIBAPI

    The 1943 Constitution was drafted by a committee appointed by the Philippine executive

    Commission, the body established by the Japanese to administer the Philippines in lieu of the

    Commonwealth of the Philippines which had established a government-in-exile. In mid-1942 Japanese

    Prime Minister Hideki Tojo had promised the Filipinos the honor of independence which meant that the

    commission would be supplanted by a formal republic.

    The Preparatory Committee for Philippines Independence tasked with drafting a new

    constitution was composed in large part, of members of the prewar National Assembly and of individuals

    with experience with delegates to the convention that had drafted the 1935 Constitution. Their draft for

    the republic to be established under the Japanese Occupation, however, would be limited in duration,

    provide for indirect, legislative elections, and an even stronger executive branch.

    Upon approval of the draft by the Committee, the new charter was ratified in 1943 by anassembly of appointed, provincial representatives of the KALIBAPI, the organization established by the

    Japanese to supplant all previous political parties. Upon ratification by the KALIBAPI assembly, the

    Second Republic was formally proclaimed (1943-1945). Jose P. Laurel was appointed as by the National

    Assembly and inaugurated into office in October 1943. Laurel was highly regarded by the Japanese for

    having openly criticized the US for the way they ran the Philippines and because he had a degree from

    Tokyo International University.

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    President J ose P. Laurel

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    Objectives:

    To know the different changes happened under the new republic

    To explain the type of living of the Filipino when Japanese comeTo give important opinion on the government changes

    To appreciate the comeback of MacArthur and his liberation forces in the Philippines

    Under the new republic, the Ministries were established, replacing the department of thedefunct Philippine Executive Commission. Each ministry was under a minister, assisted by a vice-Minister.New bureaus, boards, and other offices were created.

    Aside from the Supreme Court, five courts of Appeal were created, one for each of the fiveJudicial Districts into which the country was divided. To assist the President of the Republic in theadministration of the whole country, seven Administrative Districts were established each under acommissioner.

    THE REPUBLIC IN CRISIS

    By August 1944, the situation of the Japanese-made Philippine Republic became critical. Its

    existence depended on the might of Japanese arms. In as much as the tide of war was definitely turning

    against Japan, it was doomed. Mac Arthur was winning his battles in the Jungle islands of the Southwest

    Pacific and was leap frogging his way towards the Philippines.

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    Objectives:

    To describe the action of Commonwealth government of the Philippines to United States

    To appreciate the role of MacArthur for the restoration of CommonwealthTo discuss the last commonwealth election

    To draw from memory the impact and ending of World War IIFrom August to October 1944, the tide of war decidedly turned in favor of the United States,

    as American planes began to bomb targets in the Philippines. On October 20, 1944, the main attack force

    of 174,000 American troops, ferried by an armada of 700 warships, landed at Leyte. After the first wave of

    Marine troops had made a beachhead, General MacArthur waded ashore, at Red Beach, near Palo,

    Leyte, accompanied by President Osmena, General Carlos P. Romulo and General Basilio Valdez. I

    have returned, MacArthur told the jubilant Filipino nation.

    On October 23, the Commonwealth Government was declared restored, with Tacloban as

    temporary capital..

    LAST COMMONWEALTH ELECTION

    The last anniversary of the Commonwealth of the Philippines marking the 10thyear of its

    existence was celebrated with appropriate rejoicing throughout the country on November

    15, 1945. At that time President Osmena was in Washington, D.C., where he was busy

    trying to secure aid from the United States government for the relief and rehabilitation of the

    war-torn Philippines.

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    The Enola Gay

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    THIRD COMMONWEALTH AND THIRD PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC

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    Objectives:

    To recognized the different Presidents under the 3rdPhilippine Republic

    To compare their contributions to the developments of the country

    To write a reaction about their service in terms of governing the country

    Elpidio Quirino

    On the night of April 16, 1948, President Roxas died of heart attack at Clark Field, Pampanga.

    In the morning of his fateful date, she delivered a stirring speech before the U.S. 13thAir Force, in which

    he said: If war should come, I am certain of one thing- probably the only thing of which I can be certain-

    and it is this: That America and the Philippines will be found on the same side, and American and Filipino

    soldiers will again fight side by side in the same trenches or in the air or at sea in defense of justice, of

    freedom, and other principles which we both love and cherish. After the speech, he felt dizzy and wasbrought to the residence of Maj. Gen. e. L. Eubank, where he passed away that night.

    On April 17, 1948, Vice President Quirino took his oath of office as second President of mourning

    thoughtful the land for his predecessor.

    President Elp id io Quir ino

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    President Ramon Magasaysay

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    President Carlos P. Garcia

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    President Diosdado Macapagal

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    President Ferdinand E. Marcos

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    President Years of

    service

    Province Profession Laws

    Implemented

    1. Manuel Roxas 1946-1948 Manila Lawyer Bell Trade Act,

    Philippine

    Rehabilitation Act

    2 . Elpidio Quirino

    3. Ramon Magsaysay

    4. Carlos Garcia

    5. Diosdado Macapagal

    6. Ferdinand Marcos

    B. Who among the presidents you like most. Why? Justify your answer.

    _______________________________________________________________________________

    _______________________________________________________________________________

    _______________________________________________________________________________

    _______________________________________________________________________________

    _______________________________________________________________________________

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    Objectives:

    To compare the new constitution from 1943 Constitution

    To develop ideas on how constitutions ratified

    To appreciate the reasons why Pope John Paul VI visited the country

    To formulate ideas on the roles of the church to our country

    The Constitutional Convention met in inaugural session on June 1, 1971 at the FiestaPavillion of the Manila Hotel, Manila. It was formally opened by Senate President Gil J. Puyatand House Speaker Cornelio Villareal.

    The highlight of the opening ceremonies was the address of President Marcos inwhich in which he appealed to the delegates to frame a constitution which would cure thepolical and socio economic ills of the nation. Several delegates walked out during thePresidents speech in protest against the Marcos administration.

    The first convention president by the delegates was Carlos P. Garcia, formerPresident of the Philippine Republic. Unfortunately, he died on June 14, 1971 of heart attack,and was succeeded by Diosdado Macapagal, another former President of the PhilippineRepublic.

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    Pope John Paul VI

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    *

    *

    *

    *

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    Objectives:

    To illustrate Plaza Miranda Massacre

    To share reactions about the massacre

    To explain why the Liberal Party said to be handicapped in the election of 1971

    After the historical visit of Pope Paul VI, the conditions of Philippines worsened. The soaringwave of lawlessness reached its crest in the so-called Plaza Miranda Massacre on the evening of August 21,1971 during the proclamation rally of the LP candidates for the local; elections scheduled on November 8,

    1971. Two fragmentations generate, hurled by unidentified persons on the platform, killed 8 persons andinjured 120. Among those wounded were senator Gerardo Roxas and his wife, Senator Jovito Salonga(running for election), Senator Sergio Osmea Jr., Congressman John Osmea (LP Senatorial candidate),Senator Eva Estrada Kalaw (guest candidate on LP Senatorial ticket) Congressman Ramon Mitra (LPSenatorial candidate), Congressman Bagatsing (LP Candidate for mayoralty of Manila), and LagunaGovernor Felicisimo T. San Luis (master-of-ceremonies). The outrageous massacre stirred the indignation ofthe nation.

    Plaza Miranda on and before the massacre

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    Presidential Parliamentary

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    FOURTH PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC

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    Objectives:

    To recognized former Senator Benigno S. Aquino Jr.

    To explain the scenario after the assassination of Ninoy Aquino

    To write an article about the contributions of former Senator Ninoy Aquino

    On August 21, 1983, former Senator Benigno S. Aquino Jr. (Ninoy), and the leading opposition

    spokesman, returned from a three-year exile in the United States. He was shot dead at the Manila

    International Airport while in the custody of guards from the Aviation Security Command. Conflicting reports of

    the assassination and that of his alleged killer Rolando Galman were assigned to an investigation by a

    presidential fact-finding board.

    Meanwhile, Senator Aquinos funeral from Santo Domingo Church in Quezon City to Manila

    Memorial Park in Paraaque on August 31, 1983, turned out to be the longest and largest procession in the

    Philippine history, attended by some two million people from all walks of life.

    Life and death of Ninoy Aquino

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    Philippine Congress

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    President Marcos officially ended the Martial Law

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    Martial

    Law

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