• Philosophy– a system of ideas and beliefs– Key philosophers: • Montesquieu (3 branches of government)• Descartes: Father of Modern Philosophy• Rousseau: Social Contract Theory

• French Achievements in the Arts:– Eugene Claude Monet—impressionist artist

who developed new technique for painting with light and shadow

• Early 1800s, artistic movement centered on Paris

• The artists in the movement broke from traditional forms of painting– Used free brush strokes– Did not blend or make their paintings look

“finished”– Painted realistic scenes of modern life– Often painted outdoors

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• Claude Debussy--classical composer of music in late 1800s and early 1900s (“Claire de Lune” song from Twilight)

• Alexandre Dumas--Wrote novels in 1800s including Three Musketeers and Count of Monte Cristo

• Characterized by high ceilings, thin walls, and use of columns and arches

• Ex: Notre Dame Cathedral

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• A support built against a wall to support or reinforce it.

• Flying buttresses attached to external walls and allowed builders to construct high cathedrals with soaring interior spaces.

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• Carved stone grotesque, usually made of granite, with a spout designed to convey water from a roof and away from the side of a building – prevents rainwater from running down

masonry walls and eroding the mortar between– The term originates from the French gargouille,

meaning throat– Gargoyles are said to scare off and protect from

any evil or harmful spirits.

• How was Impressionism different from Romanticism (what came before it)?– Who is the most notable French impressionist?

And name some others…

• Describe Gothic architecture– What is a flying buttress?– What is the purpose of a gargoyle?

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• Originally a royal palace

• Now a National Museum that houses famous works of art:– Mona Lisa– Venus de Milo

• 35,000 works of art on display at any time

• At 30 seconds per work of art (ignoring walking time) seeing all of them would take approximately 13 full days (24 hours)!

• And it displays less than 10% of its art!

• Haute Couture – high fashion centered on Paris

• Louis XIV – origins of French fashion fascination center on the King’s court. – Fashion is a mirror

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