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PHONOLOGICAL PROCESS

13Denglish phonology

Phonological processes are pattern drawn to simplify communication rather than use complete accuracy. sometimes, children use these processes while their speech and language are developing (Super Duper , 2004)phonological process

13DA. INTRODUCTIONfor example

A. INTRODUCTIONenglish phonology

13Dphonological process

I wuv you, Mommy![wuv = Love]Look Ma, theres a wabbit in dads pocket![wabbit = rabbit]Maaa..where is my baba ?[baba =bottle]

13Dphonological process5

phonological process

13D1234the types5678B.

13Dwhen one sound is influenced and changed by a neighboring sound. it also refers to cases in which one sound affects the sound that appears on its left side.it happened because :the tongue cannot always move quickly enough to get from one position in order to articulate the next soundthe mouth is to busy anticipating the following sound

1. ASSIMILATIONphonological processassimilation of placeassimilation of mannerassimilation of voiceASSIMILATIONwhen a voiced followed by a voiceless consonantwhen two different manners of articulation influence each other to form a different manners which sometimes combined each otherwhere the /t/ sound is replaced by a /p/ sound because the alveolar plosive /t/ simplified into the /p/ sound which was closer to the bilabial plosiveratbag /rpbg/oatmeal / pmi:/Indian / ndn/shoulder /sld(r)/have to /hft/

3. when /t/ is followed by /p/, it usually changes into a /p/ soundex : that person [pp:sn]

4. when /t/ is followed by /b/, it changed into a /p/ soundex : that boy [pb], light blue [laipblu:]

5. when a /d/ is followed by /b/, it changed into a /b/ soundex : good boy [gbb]

6. when a /d/ is followed by /p/, it changed into a /b/ soundex : [gbprkts]

when a /d/ sound occurs before a /g/ sound,ex : sad girl [sgg:l]

2. when /t/ is followed by /m/, it usually changes into a /p/ soundex : not me [npmi]

most common types of assimilation..

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2. elisionrefers to when a sound or syllable is lost or omitted. this particularly affects :consonant clustersweak stresses syllablesend words alveolar consonant

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the loss of a weak vowel after the voiceless plosives /p/, /t/ and /k/. ex : permit pronounced as [pmit]

b. when a weak vowel is elided before the syllabic consonants /l/, /m/, /n/ ands sometimes /r/. ex : seven pronounced as [sevn]

c. complex clusters are often elided in order to simplify the saying of the sound. ex : the word clothes /klz/ elided to much simpler pronunciation /klz/

d. elision for speeding up and simplify the way we speak. ex : horse shoe pronounced [h:u:], this shoe [u:], for those shoes [fuz]

the cause of elision :

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3.Liaison/ joiningwas occurred when two vowels meet over a word boundary, an extra letter is frequently added in order to help transition.ex : the teacher of the school/ti:trvsku:l/ the idea of/aidirv/

13Dphonological processdivided into four :CONSONANT VOWEL SEQUENCESCONSONANT-CONSONANT SEQUENCESVOWEL-VOWEL SEQUENCES/t,d,s,z/ + /y/ SEQUENCES

1.CONSONANT VOWEL SEQUENCESconnecting words which ended with consonants sound and the next words are started with a vowel sound, including the semivowels/w/, and /j/ and the liquid /r/my name is Ann /ma ne m zn/American accent / mer k nksnt/spelling and numbersLA /eh le/909-5068/ na n nan, fa v sk set/

2. CONSONANT-CONSONANT SEQUENCESwords are connected when a word ends in a consonant sound and the next word starts with a consonant which is similar position of articulation.ex : I just didnt get the chance /a dsddn ge tns/Ive been late twice /avbn letwas/

3. VOWEL-VOWEL SEQUENCESwhen a word ending in a vowel sound is next to one beginning with a vowel sound,they are connected with a glide (or sometimes the liquid /r/) between the two vowels.Go away /g(w)we/I also need the other one/a(j)a:lse ni:d e(j) wn/The idea of space travel is new/adrv spes trvlz nu:/

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4. /t,d,s,z/ + /y/ SEQUENCESwhen the /t,d,s,z/ sounds are followed by a word that starts with /j/, both sounds are connected.

use /t/ instead of a /t/ sound followed by a /j/ soundwhat's your name?/wtrnm/cant you do it / knt du:t/

b) use /d/ instead of a /d/ sound followed by a /j/ soundwhat did you do?/w(d)d du:/whould you help me?/wd help mi:/

c.) use // instead of a /s/ followed by a /j/ soundinsurance/nrns/sugar/ u:g/

b) use // instead of a /z/ sound followed by a /j/ soundhows your family?/h fml/whos your friend?/hu: frend/

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4. NEUTRALIZATIONan unclear condition where the two sounds are being articulated.ex : vowels/u/ and /i/consonants/b/, /d/ and /g/voiceless equivalents /p/, /t/ and /k/the contrast in the sounds/s/ and /z/

when the article the is followed by a vowel, its final vowel is deemed to be /i/e.g. the orange [irnd]

after some consonants /i/ is used. e.g. happy [hpi], easy [i:zi]

/i/ is used in an unstressed prefix that is followed by a vowele.g. react [rikt]

/i/ is also used in unstressed words followed by a word beginning with a vowele.g. he asked [hiskt]

the vowel /u/ is used when it is in an unstressed syllable followed by a vowel, or the vowel like consonantse.g. to ask [tusk]who would [huwd]

when the ploives [p, t, k, b, d, g] follow /s/ in syllable-initial position, they become neutralizede.g. spill [sb]still [sd]skill [sg]

5. VOICE ON TIME (VOT)is the duration and period of time between the release of a plosive and the beginning of vocal fold vibration

13Dphonological processZeroPositiveNegative

OFFEROVERVARIETYADVANTAGEVISIONVICTORY

and Zs and zt and the

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Aspiration

If a plosive sound has a fairly long positive VOT (longer than about 50ms), during this period air from the lungs is travelling quite quickly through the vocal tract. It is not slowed down either by the vocal folds (which are open) nor by a constriction in the vocal tract (because the plosive has been released. The rapid airflow creates a weak friction noise

nasalization

occurred when a vowel is followed by a nasal consonante.g. moon, room etca special kind when one nasal consonant changes into another nasal consonante.g. impolite, imbalance, incomplete, inglorious

non-contiguous assimilationwhen sound affect another which is not adjacent or close to it :vowel harmony, the vowel of a suffix asimilates to the vowel of a rootumlaut, the vowel of a root assimilates to the vowel of a suffix

13Dphonological process

13Dphonological processIs therequestion?

any

PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSGROUP 6 :1. HAFID FILIAL AKBAR(1371498)2. HERMAWAN(1371393)3. IMAM HANAFI(1371395)4. ALFAGITYA B.M.S(1371372)

REFERENCES :Online Mediahttp://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/johnm/siphtra/plostut2/plostut2.htmhttp://www-01.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/WhatIsVowelHarmony.htmhttp://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CC8QFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fktf2012.weebly.com%2Fuploads%2F8%2F7%2F6%2F1%2F8761106%2Fmodule_stress_and_intonation_facilitator.pdf&ei=cUFVVfWwJ4P9ugTC84C4Cw&usg=AFQjCNGRwGYSN_K7mMP-LFZEu2xB9ygLBA&sig2=9LcxpI174bvuW5b35cGyVw&bvm=bv.93564037,d.c2Ephonological_processes.pdf66_Phonological.pdf

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13Dphonological process