Physical PropertyPhysical Property

Describes form or Describes form or behavior of matterbehavior of matter

Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties

• ColorColor• LusterLuster• MalleabilityMalleability• ConductivityConductivity• HardnessHardness• CleavageCleavage• Phase at room Phase at room

temp.temp.• Vapor pressureVapor pressure

• Melting point• Boiling point• Heat of fusion• Heat of

vaporization• Density• Specific Heat

Physical constants!Physical constants!

Chemical PropertyChemical Property

Describes how matter Describes how matter interacts with other interacts with other matter: reactivity matter: reactivity

Chemical ChangeChemical Change

Identity ChangeIdentity Change

Examples of Chemical Examples of Chemical ChangeChange

Synthesis, Decomposition, Single Synthesis, Decomposition, Single Replacement, Double Replacement, Double

Replacement, Combustion, Replacement, Combustion, Polymerization, Esterification, etc.Polymerization, Esterification, etc.

MonatomicMonatomic

One-atom MoleculeOne-atom Molecule

2 or more uppercase 2 or more uppercase letters in formulaletters in formula

CompoundCompound

Physical ChangePhysical Change

Identity stays the Identity stays the samesame

HH22O(l) O(l) H H22O(g)O(g)

Phase changes are Phase changes are physical changes. physical changes.

Identity stays the same.Identity stays the same.

2H2H22O(l) O(l) 2H 2H2 2 + O+ O22(g)(g)

Identity changes.Identity changes.

Chemical change.Chemical change.

DiatomicDiatomic

2-Atom Molecule2-Atom Molecule

GasesGases

Take the shape & Take the shape & volume of their containervolume of their container

Physical ConstantPhysical Constant

Physical property Physical property expressed with a # & unit. expressed with a # & unit.

Independent of sample Independent of sample size.size.

LiquidsLiquids

Definite volume but no Definite volume but no definite shapedefinite shape

SolidsSolids

Definite volume & Definite volume & definite shapedefinite shape

CompoundCompound

2 or more elements 2 or more elements chemically combinedchemically combined

ElementElement

Cannot be broken down into Cannot be broken down into anything simpler by anything simpler by ordinary chemical or ordinary chemical or

physical methodsphysical methods

MixtureMixture

Physical combination of 2 Physical combination of 2 or more pure substances.or more pure substances.

Pure SubstancesPure Substances

Elements & CompoundsElements & Compounds

MixturesMixtures

Heterogeneous or Heterogeneous or HomogeneousHomogeneous

DistillationDistillation

Physical method of Physical method of separating mixture of 2 or separating mixture of 2 or

more liquids based on more liquids based on differences in boiling points.differences in boiling points.

SolutionSolution

Homogeneous Mixture. Homogeneous Mixture. Liquid & gas phase solutions Liquid & gas phase solutions

transmit light. Look transmit light. Look translucent. Do not translucent. Do not

separate on standing.separate on standing.

SuspensionSuspension

Heterogeneous Mixture. Heterogeneous Mixture. Scatter light. Look cloudy. Scatter light. Look cloudy.

Need to be shaken or Need to be shaken or stirred. Separate on stirred. Separate on

standing.standing.

NaCl(NaCl(aqaq))

Homogeneous Mixture. Homogeneous Mixture. NaCl dissolved in water.NaCl dissolved in water.

NaCl(s)NaCl(s)

Pure substance. NaCl in Pure substance. NaCl in the solid phase.the solid phase.

Variable CompositionVariable Composition

MixtureMixture

NaCl(l)NaCl(l)

Pure substance. NaCl in Pure substance. NaCl in the liquid phase.the liquid phase.

NaCl(g)NaCl(g)

Pure substance. NaCl in Pure substance. NaCl in the gas phase.the gas phase.

HomogeneousHomogeneous

Uniform, constant, the Uniform, constant, the same throughout.same throughout.

Always HomogeneousAlways Homogeneous

Pure substance: Element Pure substance: Element or Compoundor Compound

FiltrationFiltration

Physical separation Physical separation technique used to separate technique used to separate heterogeneous mixtures. heterogeneous mixtures. Based on differences in Based on differences in

particle size.particle size.

SortingSorting

Physical separation Physical separation technique used to separate technique used to separate heterogeneous mixtures. heterogeneous mixtures. Based on differences in Based on differences in

appearance.appearance.

Definite & Unique Definite & Unique PropertiesProperties

Pure substance. Element Pure substance. Element or Compound.or Compound.

Broken into components by Broken into components by chemical decomposition chemical decomposition

reactionreaction

CompoundCompound

Definite CompositionDefinite Composition

Pure substance. Element Pure substance. Element or Compound.or Compound.

Separated by physical Separated by physical techniquetechnique

MixtureMixture

TriatomicTriatomic

3-atom Molecule3-atom Molecule

May be homogeneous or May be homogeneous or heterogeneousheterogeneous

MixtureMixture

Density, melting point, Density, melting point, boiling pointboiling point

Examples of physical Examples of physical constantsconstants

Law of conservation of Law of conservation of mattermatter

Mass Before = Mass AfterMass Before = Mass After

Given: X + 2Y Given: X + 2Y Q + 3Z Q + 3Z

Mass Before = Mass AfterMass Before = Mass After

When 44 grams of X react completely with When 44 grams of X react completely with 128 grams of Y, 32 grams of Q are 128 grams of Y, 32 grams of Q are produced. How much Z will be made?produced. How much Z will be made?

The equation is a distractor. 44 + 128 – The equation is a distractor. 44 + 128 – 32 = grams Z = 140 g.32 = grams Z = 140 g.

No new properties. No new properties. Properties are a mix of Properties are a mix of

properties of components.properties of components.

MixtureMixture

CC66HH1212OO66(s) (s) C C66HH1212OO66(aq)(aq)

Equation represents Equation represents dissolving. Dissolving is a dissolving. Dissolving is a

physical change.physical change.

Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties

Used to identify Used to identify substances.substances.

Atoms can vibrate back & Atoms can vibrate back & forth about a fixed forth about a fixed

position.position.

Solid stateSolid state

Matter

Substances Mixtures

Elements CompoundsHeterogeneous

MixturesHomogeneous

Mixtures

Mixtures Separated by physical methods.Compounds Separated by chemical methods.

Phys. M.

Chem.

(solutions)(solutions)(suspensions)(suspensions)

Ways to separate Ways to separate heterogeneous mixturesheterogeneous mixtures

• Sorting• Filtration• Crystallization• Evaporation• Distillation• Chromatography• Differences in

density

• Differences in magnetic properties

• Differences in solubility

Change of phase termsChange of phase terms

• Evaporation = • Freezing =• Melting =• Condensation =• Boiling =• Deposition =• Fusion =• Vaporization =• Sublimation =

Liquid to gasLiquid to gas

Liquid to gasLiquid to gas

Liquid to gasLiquid to gas

Liquid to solidLiquid to solidSolid to liquidSolid to liquid

Solid to liquidSolid to liquid

Gas to liquidGas to liquid

Gas to solidGas to solid

Solid to gasSolid to gas

Molecules are relatively far Molecules are relatively far apart from each other & can apart from each other & can move from place to place.move from place to place.

Gas PhaseGas Phase

One substance One substance dissolveddissolved in another substancein another substance

SolutionSolution

Phase at room Phase at room temperatruetemperatrue

Physical propertyPhysical property

Molecules are pretty close, Molecules are pretty close, but have enough room to but have enough room to slide or tumble past each slide or tumble past each

other.other.

Liquid PhaseLiquid Phase

ChromatographyChromatography

Physical separation Physical separation technique based on technique based on

differences in differences in intermolecular forces.intermolecular forces.

VaporVapor

Gas phase of a substance Gas phase of a substance that is usually a liquid at that is usually a liquid at

room temperature.room temperature.

Names for some chemical Names for some chemical changeschanges

Corrosion, Corrosion, Decomposition, Decomposition, Neutralization, Neutralization,

Burning, Burning, FermentationFermentation

# of atoms of each element # of atoms of each element before = # of atoms of each before = # of atoms of each

element afterelement after

Law of Conservation Law of Conservation of Matterof Matter

PercentPercent

PartPart X 100% X 100%WholeWhole

1 upper case letter in 1 upper case letter in formulaformula

ElementElement

Cutting, Crumpling, Tearing, Cutting, Crumpling, Tearing, Pulling into wire, Hammering Pulling into wire, Hammering

into sheetinto sheet

Examples of physical Examples of physical changeschanges

Phase ChangesPhase Changes

Physical changesPhysical changes

DissolvingDissolving

Physical ChangePhysical Change

Evidence of Chemical Evidence of Chemical ChangeChange

•Production of heat & lightProduction of heat & light•Formation of a gas Formation of a gas (bubbles)(bubbles)•Formation of a precipitateFormation of a precipitate•Change in identifying Change in identifying propertiesproperties

Opposite of dissolving. Opposite of dissolving. Solid comes out of Solid comes out of

solution.solution.

PrecipitationPrecipitation

Particles arranged in a Particles arranged in a regular geometric pattern.regular geometric pattern.

SolidSolid

Particle Diagrams

Pure substance: units the same. molecules of a triatomic compound.

Mixture: units differ. monatomic element, diatomic element, triatomic compound.

MixtureMixture

Pure SubstancePure Substance

Pure SubstancePure Substance

Pure SubstancePure Substance