physiological effects of stressbh

8/16/2019 Physiological Effects of Stressbh

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PhysiologicalPhysiologicalEffects ofEffects of

StressStress

Prepared By:Prepared By:

Bhoomika TrehanBhoomika Trehan

Assistant ProfessorAssistant Professor


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““What happens in the mind ofWhat happens in the mind of

an individual is always reflectedan individual is always reflectedin thein thedisease of his body”disease of his body”


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Life oers a buer of choices and anLife oers a buer of choices and an

individual opts the one which he /individual opts the one which he /she perceives as the best.she perceives as the best.


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Model of StressModel of Stress

Selye’s General AdaptationSelye’s General Adaptation

SyndromeSyndrome is a comprehensive modelis a comprehensive model

to explain the stress phenomenonto explain the stress phenomenon

Model shows the physiologicalModel shows the physiologicalresponse occurs in three stagesresponse occurs in three stages


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Stages of StressStages of Stress

Alarm Reaction

•An Initial Shock Phase

•Autonomous excitability

•Release of Adrenalin

Discharge

•Increased Heart Beat, uscle tone,Blood !ontent


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““Fight or ight! responseFight or ight! response

"uilt in stress response"uilt in stress response #erceived threat and danger.#erceived threat and danger. $ertain hormones li%e adrenalin or$ertain hormones li%e adrenalin or

cortisol is releasedcortisol is released &hey increase ' speeding heart beat( &hey increase ' speeding heart beat(

slowing digestion( shunting bloodslowing digestion( shunting bloodow to ma)or muscle groupsow to ma)or muscle groups


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*riginally named for its ability to*riginally named for its ability toenable us to physically +ght or runenable us to physically +ght or run

away when faced with danger( it,saway when faced with danger( it,snow activated in situations wherenow activated in situations where

neither response is appropriate( li%eneither response is appropriate( li%e

in tra-c or during a stressful day atin tra-c or during a stressful day atwor%.wor%.


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Stage of ResistanceStage of Resistance

•aximum ada"tation occurs during this stage

•Pre"ares to re"air damage caused by it

$reating a new level of homeostasis or functioning0

$onsiderable amount of energy used

1f a stressor continues for long periods or if several stressorsoccur in succession without brea%s

2motional and physiological exhaustion will result


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Stage of ExhaustationStage of Exhaustation

3daptation energy is3daptation energy isexhaustedexhausted

4igns of 3larm reaction4igns of 3larm reaction

reappearreappear 5esistance level begins5esistance level begins

to declineto decline 4hrin%age of parts of

immune system 4tress6related diseasesbecome more li%ely

*rganism collapses*rganism collapses


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7eneral 3daptation7eneral 3daptation

4yndrome4yndrome


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What Happens when Stressed?

Psychology of Stress:Emotional impactAnxiety

Fear Depression

Anger

Sadness


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8hen you are in a stressful or dangerous situation8hen you are in a stressful or dangerous situation

and experience fear and anxiety( your body goesand experience fear and anxiety( your body goesthrough a number of changes'through a number of changes' 9our heart rate may increase. 9our heart rate may increase. 9our vision may narrow sometimes called :tunnel 9our vision may narrow sometimes called :tunnel

vision,0.vision,0. 9ou may notice that your muscles become tense. 9ou may notice that your muscles become tense. 9ou may begin to sweat. 9ou may begin to sweat. 9our hearing may become more sensitive. 9our hearing may become more sensitive.


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Physiology of Stress

Acidity

Ulcers

Heart ailmentsBlood Pressure

Kidney prolems

Diaetes


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4tress 5esponse4tress 5esponse

When we are first stressed, the brain signals the releaseWhen we are first stressed, the brain signals the release

of adrenalin and cortisol. These are hormones thatof adrenalin and cortisol. These are hormones that

boost our blood sugar and oxygen levels, push moreboost our blood sugar and oxygen levels, push more

blood to the brain, the result is increased alertness. Theblood to the brain, the result is increased alertness. The

average "adrenalin rush" experienced while in trafficaverage "adrenalin rush" experienced while in traffic

supplies enough glucose to keep you running for a mile.supplies enough glucose to keep you running for a mile.

In the short termIn the short term stress suppresses the immunestress suppresses the immune

system, increasing the risk of infections; slows down thesystem, increasing the risk of infections; slows down thebody's rate of repair; slows down the metabolism; robsbody's rate of repair; slows down the metabolism; robs

the body of vital nutrients.the body of vital nutrients.


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nd the symptoms can be! recurrent headaches; vague nd the symptoms can be! recurrent headaches; vague

aches and pains; diiness; heartburn; muscle tension;aches and pains; diiness; heartburn; muscle tension;

dry mouth; excessive perspiration; pounding heart;dry mouth; excessive perspiration; pounding heart;insomnia; fatigue.insomnia; fatigue.

Medium term,Medium term, as we become more and more stressedas we become more and more stressed

out, so our body begins to adapt to the high level ofout, so our body begins to adapt to the high level of

stress hormones. s a result we feel increasinglystress hormones. s a result we feel increasinglyanxious, fatigued and prone to mood swings.anxious, fatigued and prone to mood swings.

Long-term stressLong-term stress! promotes rapid ageing; leads to! promotes rapid ageing; leads to

weight gain; increases the risk of developingweight gain; increases the risk of developing

osteoporosis, high blood pressure, heart disease, cancerosteoporosis, high blood pressure, heart disease, cancerand digestive problems.and digestive problems.

When we find your ourselves stuck in the stress responseWhen we find your ourselves stuck in the stress response

and it is chronic, we become exhaustand it is chronic, we become exhaust


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The signs of stress and what to do....The signs of stress and what to do....

HeadachesHeadaches#any headaches are caused by stress. Tension#any headaches are caused by stress. Tension

headaches feel like a band tightening around the head.headaches feel like a band tightening around the head.

$elaxation, %ust like tension is a learned response. With$elaxation, %ust like tension is a learned response. With

regular floating, you can teach your body to relax, andregular floating, you can teach your body to relax, andlearn what it feels like to be relaxed even outside of thelearn what it feels like to be relaxed even outside of the

tank. The weightless environment of the floatation tanktank. The weightless environment of the floatation tank

means that you do not have to support your body againstmeans that you do not have to support your body against

gravity. &eep physical and mental relaxation follows.gravity. &eep physical and mental relaxation follows.


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Back and neck painBack and neck pain

n mind body medicine, there is a clear relationshipn mind body medicine, there is a clear relationship

between lower(back pain and stressbetween lower(back pain and stress

gain, relaxation techni)ues are the answer. n the gain, relaxation techni)ues are the answer. n the

floatation tank, you are able to take )uality time out, andfloatation tank, you are able to take )uality time out, and

reach deep relaxation very )uickly and without years ofreach deep relaxation very )uickly and without years of

training or practice. With regular massage, both the mindtraining or practice. With regular massage, both the mind

body relaxbody relax


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Heart diseaseHeart disease

The body s release of adrenaline during stressful;The body s release of adrenaline during stressful;events raises the heart rate and blood pressure.events raises the heart rate and blood pressure.

drenaline also stimulates a release of fat from the fat drenaline also stimulates a release of fat from the fat

cells into the blood stream to supply energy for the fightcells into the blood stream to supply energy for the fight

or flight response. f unused, this fat is deposited on theor flight response. f unused, this fat is deposited on the

arteries.arteries. TheThe New England journal of Medicine (JanNew England journal of Medicine (Jan

98)98) published a study that indicates that surges of bloodpublished a study that indicates that surges of bloodpressure can trigger heart attacks in susceptible people.pressure can trigger heart attacks in susceptible people.

$epeated elevations of blood pressure over periods of$epeated elevations of blood pressure over periods of

weeks and months accelerate atherosclerosisweeks and months accelerate atherosclerosis

*thickening of the arteries+ thereby increasing the risk of*thickening of the arteries+ thereby increasing the risk ofheart attacks.heart attacks.


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ArthritisArthritis

rthritis is often aggravated by stress. earning to rthritis is often aggravated by stress. earning to

manage that stress can help to relieve some pain.manage that stress can help to relieve some pain.

-loatation not only reduces stress, in addition, the brain-loatation not only reduces stress, in addition, the brain

releases endorphins while floating. ndorphins are thereleases endorphins while floating. ndorphins are the

bodies natural pain killer. #assage helps to release thebodies natural pain killer. #assage helps to release the

muscles that are tightening up around the body inmuscles that are tightening up around the body in

response to pain, and encourage us to feel good aboutresponse to pain, and encourage us to feel good aboutour bodies againour bodies again..


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"rain"rain

&he 3


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&he immune system &he immune system

The functioning of theThe functioning of the immune systemimmune system is depressed,is depressed,and healing and repair of tissues slows, while activationand healing and repair of tissues slows, while activation

of the sympathetic nervous system increasesof the sympathetic nervous system increasesthe stress the body feels. motional issues may develop,the stress the body feels. motional issues may develop,

including anxiety and depression. &igestive functioning isincluding anxiety and depression. &igestive functioning is

impaired and stress(related diseases might emerge,impaired and stress(related diseases might emerge,

such as chronic indigestion or irritable bowel syndrome.such as chronic indigestion or irritable bowel syndrome.

#edical professionals advise that people learn how to#edical professionals advise that people learn how to

manage stressmanage stress to help control potential problems withto help control potential problems with

chronic stress and the nervous system's responsechronic stress and the nervous system's response..

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-immune-system.htmhttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-immune-system.htmhttp://www.wisegeek.com/do-men-and-women-manage-stress-differently.htmhttp://www.wisegeek.com/do-men-and-women-manage-stress-differently.htmhttp://www.wisegeek.com/do-men-and-women-manage-stress-differently.htmhttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-immune-system.htm


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&he digestive system &he digestive system

The hormones trigger reactions like an accelerated pulse.The hormones trigger reactions like an accelerated pulse.

They also cause changes in the digestive system, like suddenThey also cause changes in the digestive system, like sudden

lack of appetite, heartburn, nausea and stomach pains.lack of appetite, heartburn, nausea and stomach pains.

/tress also causes inflammation throughout the digestive/tress also causes inflammation throughout the digestivesystem, which leads to aggravation of the digestive tract andsystem, which leads to aggravation of the digestive tract and

affects the assimilation of nutrients. 0ver the long term, stressaffects the assimilation of nutrients. 0ver the long term, stress

can actually cause chronic digestive problems like irritablecan actually cause chronic digestive problems like irritable

bowel syndrome *1/+ and stomach ulcers.bowel syndrome *1/+ and stomach ulcers.


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3s% =uestions >3s% =uestions >

s your energy less now then it used to be2s your energy less now then it used to be2

&o you feel guilty when relaxing2&o you feel guilty when relaxing2

&o you have a persistent need for achievement2&o you have a persistent need for achievement2 re you unclear about your goals in life2 re you unclear about your goals in life2

re you especially competitive or aggressive2 re you especially competitive or aggressive2

&o you work harder then most people2&o you work harder then most people2

&o you easily become angry or irritable2&o you easily become angry or irritable2

&o you often do 3 or 4 task simultaneously2&o you often do 3 or 4 task simultaneously2

&o you get impatient if people or things hold you up2&o you get impatient if people or things hold you up2


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&o you have difficulty delegating2&o you have difficulty delegating2

&o you eat )uickly2&o you eat )uickly2

&o you smoke or drink excessively *especially by others'&o you smoke or drink excessively *especially by others'standards+2standards+2

&o you have difficulty getting to sleep2&o you have difficulty getting to sleep2

&o you have aching limbs or recurring headaches2&o you have aching limbs or recurring headaches2

&o you have a dry mouth or sweaty palms2&o you have a dry mouth or sweaty palms2

re your muscles tense2 re your muscles tense2

If you answered yes to 8 or more of these questions youIf you answered yes to 8 or more of these questions you

are in the I! stress category"are in the I! stress category"


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? habits? habits

Independence or Self-MasterIndependence or Self-Master

The -irst Three 5abits surround moving fromThe -irst Three 5abits surround moving from

dependence to independence *i.e., self(mastery+!dependence to independence *i.e., self(mastery+!

Ha!it "# Be $roacti%eHa!it "# Be $roacti%e

Take initiative in life by realiing that your decisions *andTake initiative in life by realiing that your decisions *and

how they align with life's principles+ are the primaryhow they align with life's principles+ are the primary

determining factor for effectiveness in your life. Takedetermining factor for effectiveness in your life. Takeresponsibility for your choices and the conse)uencesresponsibility for your choices and the conse)uences

that follow.that follow.


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Ha!it Begin with the 'nd in MindHa!it Begin with the 'nd in Mind

/elf(discover and clarify your deeply important character/elf(discover and clarify your deeply important charactervalues and life goals. nvision the ideal characteristicsvalues and life goals. nvision the ideal characteristics

for each of your various roles and relationships in life.for each of your various roles and relationships in life.

6reate a6reate a mission statementmission statement..

Ha!it (# $ut )irst Things )irstHa!it (# $ut )irst Things )irst

7rioritie, plan, and execute your week's tasks based on7rioritie, plan, and execute your week's tasks based on

importance rather than urgency. valuate whether yourimportance rather than urgency. valuate whether your

efforts exemplify your desired character values, propelefforts exemplify your desired character values, propel

you toward goals, and enrich the roles and relationshipsyou toward goals, and enrich the roles and relationships

that were elaborated in 5abit 3.that were elaborated in 5abit 3.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_statementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_statementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_statement


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InterdependenceInterdependence

The next three have to do with nterdependence *i.e., workingThe next three have to do with nterdependence *i.e., working

with others+!with others+!

Ha!it *# Think +in-+inHa!it *# Think +in-+in

8enuinely strive for mutually beneficial solutions or8enuinely strive for mutually beneficial solutions or

agreements in your relationships. 9alue and respect peopleagreements in your relationships. 9alue and respect people

by understanding a "win" for all is ultimately a better long(termby understanding a "win" for all is ultimately a better long(term

resolution than if only one person in the situation had gottenresolution than if only one person in the situation had gottenhis way.his way.

Ha!it # Seek )irst to nderstand, Then to !e nderstoodHa!it # Seek )irst to nderstand, Then to !e nderstood

:se empathic listening to be genuinely influenced by a:se empathic listening to be genuinely influenced by a

person, which compels them to reciprocate the listening andperson, which compels them to reciprocate the listening andtake an open mind to being influenced by you. This createstake an open mind to being influenced by you. This creates

an atmosphere of caring, and positive problem solving.an atmosphere of caring, and positive problem solving.


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Ha!it # Snergi/eHa!it # Snergi/e

6ombine the strengths of people through positive6ombine the strengths of people through positive

teamwork, so as to achieve goals no one person couldteamwork, so as to achieve goals no one person couldhave done alone.have done alone.

Self 0enewalSelf 0enewal

The ast habit relates to self(re%uvenation!The ast habit relates to self(re%uvenation!

Ha!it 1# Sharpen the SawHa!it 1# Sharpen the Saw

1alance and renew your resources, energy, and health1alance and renew your resources, energy, and health

to create a sustainable, long(term, effective lifestyle. tto create a sustainable, long(term, effective lifestyle. t

primarily emphasies exercise for physical renewal,primarily emphasies exercise for physical renewal,

prayer *meditation, yoga, etc.+ and good reading forprayer *meditation, yoga, etc.+ and good reading for

mental renewal. t also mentions service to society formental renewal. t also mentions service to society for

spiritual renewal.spiritual renewal.

physiological effects of stressbh

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