picture by christine nolan · 2016-02-05 · source: stefanie böge, the well-traveled yogurt pot,...
TRANSCRIPT
Picture by Christine Nolan
o Background
• The Well Traveled Yogurt Pot
• U.S. Freight Movement
• Food-miles Concept: Pros & Cons
• Linkages with Community Systems
o Movement of Food-related Commodities in U.S.
o Spatial Analysis of Food Assets/Destinations
Source: Stefanie Böge, The Well-traveled Yogurt Pot,
World Transport Policy & Practice, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1995
Map developed by the PCRD
o 150 g Yogurt pot sold in southern Germany
o Strawberries from Poland to west Germany for jam making and
then to southern Germany
o Yogurt culture, paper, resin, and glue for cardboard box from
northern Germany
o Corn and wheat powder from Holland to west Germany and then
to southern Germany
o Labels and plastics from west Germany
o Glass jars from east Germany
o Milk from the Stuttgart hinterlands
Source: Stefanie Böge, The Well-traveled Yogurt Pot, World Transport Policy & Practice, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1995
“In general, volume of road freight (tons) is stagnating, volume of freight movement (ton-miles) is increasing”………Stefanie Böge,
1995
o Environmental consequences- emissions of SO2, Nox, and dust
o Diesel and fossil fuel expenses (non-renewable energy sources)
o For one truck-load of yogurt in southern Germany , a theoretical truck-load has to move 1,005 KM.
Source: Stefanie Böge, The Well-traveled Yogurt Pot, World Transport Policy & Practice, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1995
o In 2007, the total value of freight moved was $ 11.7 trillion, weight was 12.5 billion tons, and movement was 3.3 trillion ton-miles
o All modes are included- trucks, rail, water, air, pipeline, and multiple modes (parcel, courier, USPS, truck & rail, etc.)
o From 1993-2002, weight (tons) increased by 29%, movement (ton-miles) increased by 38% Source: BTS, Table 01-58, National Transportation Statistics
o “Farm to the Fork”- distance traveled by food (Angela Paxton, 1994)
o Energy used, GHG emissions, other environmental impacts o Promotes locally grown foods, local producers and farmers
o The Soil Association in the UK monitors the import of
organic produce to UK by the air freight o Benefits of organic farming (social and economic) versus
costs (GHG emissions during production, transport by air freight, etc.)
o In UK, the air freight is used for 1% of fresh organic produce causing 11% of GHG emissions of the food sector
o Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Analysis (EIO-LCA) application to food production and consumption
o Life cycle supply chain analysis
o The average U.S. household’s carbon footprint from food consumption is 8.1 ton CO2/year (Weber et al., 2008)
o EIO-LCA: 83% of GHG emissions are from food production,
only 11% is from the transportation of food materials (Weber at al., 2008)
o Arguments for locally grown foods should not be based solely on food-miles
Weber, Christopher L. and H. Scott Matthews, Food-Miles and the Relative Climate Impacts of Food Choices in the United States, Environmental Science and Technology, 2008, 42
Food System
Transportation
Community health
Equity
Green Infrastructure
Air Quality
Noise
Land use/activity
Community/Regional Economy
Sustainability
o Freight Analysis Framework 3
o Oak Ridge National Laboratory
o Commodities
o Freight movement by 7 modes
o Truck, Rail, Water, Air, Multiple modes, Pipeline, Other modes
Map developed by the PCRD
Map developed by the PCRD
Map developed by the PCRD
Prepared Food Stuffs: o Dairy products; Processed or prepared vegetables, fruit, other nuts, juices; Coffee, tea,
and spices; Animal or vegetable fats and oils, prepared edible fats, flours, oil seeds; Sugars, confectionary, cocoa preparations; Other edible preparations; Non- alcoholic beverages and ice
Map developed by the PCRD
Data from USDA, Ag Marketing Service, map developed by the PCRD
• 168 locations, 2010
Data from USDA, Ag Marketing Service, map developed by the PCRD
o Farmers’ markets sell different types of food-stuffs
o Vegetables, herbs, honey, maple, meat, nuts, plants, etc.
o Websites, social media (Facebook, blog, etc.)
o USDA, Agricultural Marketing Service, http://search.ams.usda.gov/farmersmarkets/
D & B data, map developed by the PCRD
D & B data, map developed by the PCRD
o 10,687 restaurants
o NAICS 722110
o NAICS 722211
o D & B data
o All types of food destinations are not covered
o Day-time vs. resident population
o ORNL, LandScan database
Source: http://maps.ers.usda.gov/FoodAtlas/foodenv5.aspx
o Supermarkets with at least $ 2 million annual sales are included
o County level information
o Accessibility to supermarkets is available- walking and driving
o Supermarkets with at least $ 1 million sales are included
o NAVTEQ transportation network data
Source: http://explorer.arcgis.com/?open=a0fcf79c205f454995d89086c8f518e3
o Spatial Analysis & Mapping of Food Systems, Cornell University, http://guides.library.cornell.edu/content.php?pid=84833&sid=639443 o ArcGIS Online Food Deserts Group,
http://www.arcgis.com/home/group.html?owner=jimhe&title=Food%20Deserts
o Food Environment Atlas, http://ers.usda.gov/foodatlas/
o MarketMaker, http://national.marketmaker.uiuc.edu/
o Local Foodshed Mapping Tool for New York State, http://www.cals.cornell.edu/cals/css/extension/foodshed-mapping.cfm#foodshed
