Piles and pile accessoriesRECOMMENDATIONS FOR SAFE HANDLING ON SITE

Contents: 1. General 2. Reception of goods and inspection 3. Unloading and moving 4. Storage 5. Handling of coated piles 6. Installation

Principles of safe handling:• Always observe valid safety instructions and check special requirements of the site before starting work• Always wear a helmet, safety gloves and protective clothing when handling steel pile products• Always use approved lifting gear when moving products• Make sure that the slings and hooks are properly and securely fastened• Do not go under products during lifting and moving• Do not use lift products by strapping• Note that the strapping around pile bundles is under tension and may cause accidents when cut• Be careful with the handling of sharp edges and corners

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SSAB is a Nordic and US-based steel company. SSAB offers value added products and services developed in close cooperation with its customers to create a stronger, lighter and more sustainable world. SSAB has employees in over 50 countries. SSAB has production facilities in Sweden, Finland and the US. SSAB is listed on the NASDAQ OMX Nordic Exchange in Stockholm and has a secondary listing on the NASDAQ OMX in Helsinki. www.ssab.com.

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1. General

The purpose of these instructions is to provide recommendations for handling piles and pile accessories on site, which SSAB requires its staff and subcontractors to observe. The recommendations are based on SSAB’s views at the time of their preparation and may change from time to time if SSAB deems it necessary. One purpose of the recommendations is to prevent damages, accidents and injuries on site, but SSAB cannot guarantee that they will not occur even if the recommendations are observed, and assumes no responsibility for them. The recommendations are not comprehensive and do not provide an exhaustive description of all points to be taken into consideration in the handling of piles and pile accessories generally or in individual cases. Safety practices prescribed by law and generally applied in the sector always take precedence over these recommendations. Valid work safety guidelines must also be observed and required personal protection equipment used on site.

2. Reception of goods and inspection

Inspection of delivered piles and their accessories takes place immediately after the delivery arrives on site. The inspection is made to ensure that the shipment corresponds to the order and consignment note. Pile sections and accessories must correspond to the products specified in the project designs. Accepted delivery is acknowledged by signing the consignment note. The seller must be informed immediately of delivery of wrong quality or products or misdelivery and the fact must be recorded on the consignment note list. A faulty or wrong product must not be installed.

The receiver of the delivery designates an unloading point corresponding to the recommendations in advance or upon arrival of the delivery. To prevent damages, the shipment may only be opened at the designated unloading point. Proper access to the unloading point must provided. The unloading point must allow safe and effective unloading. The unloading point must be firm and level and spacious enough. Bottom and intermediate dunnage must be used according to recommendations.

3. Unloading and moving

It must be ensured that no permanent deformations or other handling damage is caused to the piles in handling. Every bundle must be checked for damages when moved. The general principle is that unnecessary cutting open of pile bundles must be avoided before pile installation.

Special attention must be paid to the condition of the ends (bevels) and threads of piles. For example, the protective covers of threaded splices should not be removed before installation.

Before unloading, snow and ice must be removed to prevent hazardous situations. Piles or pile accessories must not be thrown or rolled onto the ground. During unloading, piles and pile accessories are lifted by a crane side by side onto even ground or on supports beside the vehicle. Piles must be lowered carefully onto the bottom or intermediate dunnage. Pile accessories are delivered on pallets. The products are lowered in a horizontal position.

The weight of the products must be taken into account in the selection of lifting equipment. The weight is marked either on a pile or the bundle tag. In the case of large diameter piles, weight also includes the weight of the pile tip if part of the section. A whole pile bundle must not be lifted by applying the lifting force to a single pile. Piles longer than 20 metres must not be lifted from the ends. In two-point lifting of a homogenous pipe, the right position of the lifting gear is a quarter pile length from the pile end. The equilibrium point has been marked in large diameter piles. In the case of piles with rock shoes, the correct position of the lifting points is symmetrically on both sides of the equilibrium point. The distance between the lifting points must be at least half the pipe length.

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General lifting principles:

• No-one is allowed under the load during lifting, and sufficient distance from the load must be maintained

• Warn others in the area before lifting• The lifting area must be cordoned off and entrance to it

blocked• Lift evenly without jerking• Make sure that the load stays clear of obstacles during

lifting and transfer• The weight of the load to be lifted must not exceed the

allowed load of the machine, the auxiliary lifting device and lifting accessories (e.g. slings and chains)

Figure 1. Example of a bundle tag

• The crane driver must have the necessary qualification and a license to operate a crane

• Use undamaged binding accessories suitable for the purpose

• Take weather conditions and related risks into consideration in the lifting situation

• Ice- and snow-covered piles and pile bundles are extremely slippery and require special caution in handling.

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max 30°

max 30°

L

A

Z

L (m) Z (m)

2 4 6 8 10 12

6 4 2 - - -

8 6 4 2 - -

10 8 6 4 2 -

12 10 8 6 4 2

14 12 10 8 6 4 2

16 14 12 10 8 6 4

18 16 14 12 10 8 6

20 18 16 14 12 10 8

Figure 2. Lifting with hooks

Figure 3. Use of an intermediate boom in lifting with chains

In addition to above-mentioned issues, the following should be considered when lifting and moving piles and pile accessories with different equipment:

3.1. Use of lifting chains

When lifting with chains or a steel wire, it must be ensured that the inclination of the chains or wire does not exceed 30° (see Figure 2).

An intermediate boom (see Figure 3) can be used as a lifting accessory. The length of the intermediate boom (the distance between the attachment points of the steel chains) can be derived from the table below (Table 1) based on the length of the pile to be lifted and the length of the steel chain.

3.2. Use of a forklift

The forks of the forklift are inserted under the pile bundle, pile or pallet of pile accessories so that the products are balanced. When moving loose piles with a forklift, the risk of piles rolling must be prevented. If necessary, the load must be tied. On an uneven route driving speed must be adjusted so that the piles or the pallet of accessories cannot move about on the fork. Pushing pile products with the forklift is forbidden.

Table 1. Distance A (m) between attachment points of steel chains in the intermediate boom

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Figure 4. The unloading order of micropile bundles.

3.3. Use of lifting slings

Only approved lifting slings suitable for the purpose may be used in lifting. The weight of the bundle to be lifted must be taken into consideration in the selection of lifting slings. Figures 4 and 5 illustrate the use of lifting slings. The piles must not be allowed to bend to permanent

deformation in lifting. Where necessary, three or more lifting slings must be used.

A intermediate boom (see Figure 6) can be used as a lifting accessory. The slings must be vertically aligned, which must be taken into account in the length of the used intermediate boom.

3. The lifting is conducted by lifting the bundle directly upwards the bundle horizontally aligned. Make sure that lifting straps are equally tensioned while lifting.

2. The bundle is shifted sideways from the open end to allow sufficient working space (for placing the lifting straps).

1. Loading of the bundles.

4. The unloading of the next bundle is conducted from the open end of the bundle by shifting the bundle sideways to allow sufficient working space (for placing the lifting straps).

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Figure 6. Lifting with slings

L1/4 L

Figure 5. Lifting with slings

Figure 7. Use of an intermediate boom when lifting with slings

When lifting ice- or snow-covered piles and pile bundles, the position of the lifting slings must be considered case by case on site to avoid sling slippage. Where necessary, and especially in the case of long piles, an intermediate boom must be used.

Things to be considered when unloading large diameter piles: The rising of intermediate dunnage and rolling of piles must be prevented by fastening at least the outermost dunnage boards with a load strap to the hooks of the pallet (see Figure 7).

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Figure 8. The unloading order of large diameter piles. The unloading is started from the top and the wooden beams are removed in the same order. The pile pipes are lifted upwards in a horizontally aligned position.

1. 2.

3. 4. The fastening of the lower wooden beams should be conducted before unloading the second row.

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5. 6.

7. 8.

9. 10.

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Utmost care should be taken in cutting open a pile bundle. The rolling of piles has to be prevented by supporting the pile bundle, for example, by a forklift. To avoid hazardous situations, people must stay behind the support. It is recommended to cut the middle straps first. Then the straps at the ends of the bundle can be cut while standing at each end, which prevents piles from rolling onto the cutter.

5. Handling of coated piles

Special care must be taken in the handling and storage of coated piles to avoid damaging the coatings and piles. The piles must be handled so that they do not suffer mechanical damage. Piles or pile bundles must not be lowered on uneven or dirty surface. Bottom and intermediate dunnage must be free of bark or other things that can damage the product (e.g., nails, nail heads, knots, etc.).

To prevent damage to the coating, coated piles must not be lifted by chains or wires. When lifting with hooks, it must be ensured that their contact surfaces are Teflon, rubber or other soft material. When lifting with slings, at least 100 mm wide rubber-coated or nylon webbing slings must be used. If coated piles are lifted with a forklift, it is recommended to cover the lifting forks with rubber mats. The forks are inserted under the bundle so that they do not damage the bundle to be lifted or the adjacent bundle, if the bundles are stored side by side.

6. Installation

Work safety must be ensured at all stages of pile installation. Possible special requirements of the installation site as to work safety are established before starting the installation. Piles and their accessories are to be inspected once more before installation. The pre-installation inspection ensures that the piles have not been damaged during handling or storage on site. For installation instructions, see the design and installation manual for SSAB steel piles.

4. Storage

Storage and transporting on site should be planned in advance to minimise lifting and transportation. It is recommended to locate the storage area away from commonly used routes. Walking on pile bundles is not permitted in any situation. Piles and pile accessories are stored and handled on site so that they are not damaged.

It is recommended to store the products on firm and even ground on bottom dunnage (see Figure 9). The bottom dunnage must be placed at even intervals and the outermost boards must be located about 500 mm from pipe ends. The bottom dunnage boards must be at least 100 mm wide and of equal thickness. With pile lengths of less than 12 m at least 2 bottom dunnage boards must be used while pile lengths exceeding 12 m require at least 4 boards. The height/width ratio of bottom dunnage must be sufficient to prevent pile bundles from tipping over.

Stacking piles or pile bundles in several tiers is not recommended. If they are stacked in tiers, they have to be supported by intermediate dunnage. Intermediate dunnage boards must be at least 100 mm wide and of equal thickness, and as long as the stacked tier is wide. The vertical thickness of the intermediate dunnage must allow inserting lifting slings or the forks of the forklift between the bundles without damaging the product. Upper intermediate dunnage boards must be aligned with the lower intermediate dunnage boards and the bottom dunnage boards. The broader side of an intermediate dunnage board must come against the bundle. Depending on pile length and weight, 2 to 6 intermediate dunnage boards are needed. Pile lengths 12 metres or longer always require 4 to 6 intermediate dunnage boards. In the case of heavy pile products, intermediate dunnage boards are used in pairs.

Things to be considered in the storage of large diameter piles: when storing large diameter piles, wedges must be used with the bottom and intermediate dunnage to prevent the rolling of piles.

Figure 9. Do not walk on pile bundles Figure 10. Use of bottom and intermediate dunnage

SSAB is a Nordic and US-based steel company. SSAB offers value added products and services developed in close cooperation with its customers to create a stron-ger, lighter and more sustainable world. SSAB has employees in over 50 countries. SSAB has production facilities in Sweden, Finland and the US. SSAB is listed on the NASDAQ OMX Nordic Exchange in Stockholm and has a secondary listing on the NASDAQ OMX in Helsinki. www.ssab.com

The accuracy of this instruction sheet has been inspected with utmost care. However, we do not assume responsibility for any mistakes or direct or indirect damages due to incorrect application of the information. The right to make changes is reserved.

Copyright © 2015 SSAB. All rights reserved. SSAB and SSAB brand names are registered trademarks of SSAB.

SSABHarvialantie 420FI-13300 Hämeenlinna, Finland

Tel. +358 20 5911

www.ssab.com/infra

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