piles, sheet piles and bulkheads innovative solutions for
TRANSCRIPT
QuakeWrap: Repair of Marine Infrastructure with PileMedic & SPiRe 4/22/2020
QuakeWrap + PileMedic + PipeMedic Page 1
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Comparison with Steel Reinforcement
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Mo Ehsani, Ph.D., P.E., S.E.President, QuakeWrap, Inc., and
Centennial Professor Emeritus of Civil Engineering, U. of Arizona
Innovative Solutions for Repair of
Piles, Sheet Piles and Bulkheads
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Outline
Introduction & Background
Strengthening of Columns & Piles
Wet Layup
PileMedic® for Repair of Piles
Sandwich Construction
SPiRe® (Sheet Pile Repair)
Other Applications
Other Innovative Solutions
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How it all started …
1980s: Studying repair of corroded beams andcolumns
1987: Use nonmetallic Carbon or Glass FRP
But the materials were used by the military &expensive
1989: Fall of Berlin Wall & drop in carbon prices
1989: Loma Prieta EQ in California & collapse ofcolumns (mag = 6.7)
Wrap columns with carbon FRP ……. Thus thename QuakeWrap®
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Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP)
A Polymer (i.e. epoxy, vinyl ester, etc.) that has beenreinforced with a Fiber (e.g. carbon, glass, etc.)
FRP is non-homogeneous.
FRP does not have the same strength in all directions; these types of materials are called anisotropic.
Polymer Resin Matrix
Reinforcing Fiber (Glass,
Carbon, Kevlar, etc.)
Interphase
Coupling Agent
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Original Concept DemonstrationCarbon FRP instead of reinforcing steel
Watch Video at https://tinyurl.com/yx3fszl8
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Design with FRP
Thickness: 0.05 in. (1.3 mm)
Weight: 0.38 lb/ft2 (1.83 kg/m2)
T = 6000 lb/in. (1050 N/mm)
One layer of this fabric ≈ No. 7 Gr. 60 placed at 6 in. o.c.
[20mm bar spaced at 120mm]
Note: Little change in weight or thickness
Much easier to install!
Carbon
Fabric
ACI Committee 440
Steel:
No. 7 Gr. 60
T = (0.60)(60) = 36 kips
Carbon FRP:
6 inch-wide strip
T = (6”)(6 k/”) = 36 kips
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Sample Projects/Applications
Testing + R&D Condo, FL Penstock, Costa Rica
Bridge, NM Settling Tank, MX UN Lebanon
High Rise, AK Culvert, Cairns, Australia Kazakhstan
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Organization
QuakeWrap, Inc.
(PipeMedic, PileMedic)
Engineering , Materials
R&D, Manufacturing
QuakeWrap, Inc.
(PipeMedic, PileMedic)
Engineering , Materials
R&D, Manufacturing
Other Contractors
Other Contractors
FRP Construction
FRP Construction
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Advantages of FRP
High Tensile Strength (3-5 times stronger than Steel)
Low Weight (no foundation adjustments required)
Corrosion Resistance & Protection
Chemical Protection
Waterproof
Speed of Construction
Versatility
Installation requires no major/heavy lifting equipment
Odorless & Non-Toxic (QuakeWrap Products)
NSF-61 Certified for pipes ≥ 8 inches
Minimal Investment
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Outline
Introduction & Background
Strengthening of Columns & Piles
Wet Layup
PileMedic® for Repair of Piles
Sandwich Construction
SPiRe® (Sheet Pile Repair)
Other Applications
Other Innovative Solutions
Copyright © - QuakeWrap, Inc. 2020
Failure of Pre-1970s Columns
12 in. (300 mm)
Poor Tie Detail
Buckled Bar
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Failure of R/C Columns
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Concrete Confined with QuakeWrap®
Str
ess
f’
Confined
Strain (%)0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
c
Unconfined
Confinement:a. Increases compressive strengthb. Increases ductility (or strain at failure)
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Retrofit of R/C Columns with Steel Jackets
Southern California
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Retrofit of Columns with FRP
Shear/ConfinementReinforcement
Flexural Reinforcement
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Control Column Specimen(US National Science Foundation Project 1992-94)
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-60
-20
20
60
100
-100 -60 -20 20 60 100
Lo
ad
(k
N)
Lateral Displacement (mm)
Control
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Control Specimen Repaired & Re-Tested
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-60
-20
20
60
100
-100 -60 -20 20 60 100
Lo
ad
(k
N)
Lateral Displacement (mm)
Control
Repaired
Note how confinement improves the behavior of this column that had already failed!
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Retrofitted Companion Specimen
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-100
-60
-20
20
60
100
-100 -60 -20 20 60 100
Lo
ad
(k
N)
Lateral Displacement (mm)
Control
Retrofitted
Confinement also improved the behavior of this undamaged column that was retrofitted before testing.
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Comparison of Column Specimens
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-100
-60
-20
20
60
100
-100 -60 -20 20 60 100
Lo
ad
(k
N)
Lateral Displacement (mm)
Control
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-60
-20
20
60
100
-100 -60 -20 20 60 100
Lo
ad
(k
N)
Lateral Displacement (mm)
Repaired
-100
-60
-20
20
60
100
-100 -60 -20 20 60 100
Lo
ad
(k
N)
Lateral Displacement (mm)
Retrofitted
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Limitations of Wet Layup
The wet layup system that we introduced in the early 1990s has several problems:
1. Surface of column must be clean and smooth
2. They can only be wrapped on convex surfaces; (not applicable to repair of steel H-piles or timber piles)
3. Can not be wrapped under water
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Pile Jacket Systems Available to Date
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Limitations of Conventional Jackets
Problems with Current Technology:
Special order to desired size; delays & possibility of wrong size
Bulky to transport & store onsite
Seam allows moisture to get in & corrosion to continue
No confining pressure
The shortcomings of these jackets and wet layup FRP led to the invention of PileMedic®
Copyright © - QuakeWrap, Inc. 2020
Outline
Introduction & Background
Strengthening of Columns & Piles
Wet Layup
PileMedic® for Repair of Piles
Sandwich Construction
SPiRe® (Sheet Pile Repair)
Other Applications
Other Innovative Solutions
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PileMedic® (3 US Patents)
Multi-Axial Reinforcement Thickness ≈ 0.01 -0.025 inch (0.25-0.67mm) Tensile Strength ≈ up to 155,000 psi (1030 MPa) Infinite combinations of strength
& stiffness can be produced
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PileMedic® for Encapsulation of Underwater Piles
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Advantages of PileMedic®
The Strongest Pile Jacket On The Market (28 – 155 ksi)
One Size Fits All
Seamless Shell Prevents Future Corrosion; recall that oxygen is the fuel to the corrosion process
Eliminates Ties (or Hoop Reinforcement)
Provides Significant Confinement Pressure
Enhances Axial, Flexural and Shear Strength
Non-Corroding
No Heavy Equipment Required for Installation
Very Thin and Installs in Tight Spaces
Fast Repair – Full capacity in 24
Faster Installation than other Jackets; Saves Dive Time
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Design ExampleDesign Data:
12x12 inch pile
f’c = 4,000 psi
Ignore reinforcing steel
Pn = 0.85 f’c (12x12) = 490 kips
Encapsulated Pile:
18 inch diameter
Fill with 4,000 psi grout
18”
12”
12”
Same pile encapsulated in PileMedic®,
f’cc = 5,548 psi > Pn = 1198 kips
490
865
1198
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Original Pile Ordinary Jacket PileMedic
Axia
l C
ap
acit
y o
f P
ile (
Kip
s)
Comparisons of Axial Capacity
38% Increase in Capacity!28
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Research on PileMedic®
No Pile Jacket system has been evaluated as extensively as PileMedic®
Caltrans -- Concrete Piles
Texas DOT – Steel H Piles
Tucson Electric Power – Timber Utility Poles
Nebraska DOR – Timber Piles
US Army Corps of Engineers – Timber Piles
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US Army Corps of Engineers
Rapid Repair
Easy for Soldiers
Fit All Shapes & Sizes
Restore Strength
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Spacers for PileMedic®
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Elements of PileMedic®
PileMedic® eliminates the need for reinforcement ties.
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Texas DOT Study of PileMedic®
HP12x53
15-ft Long
Axial Compression
Repair Type:
Minor
Moderate
Major
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Texas DOT Study of PileMedic®
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Texas DOT H-Pile Tests at U. of Houston
658,000
Pounds(2930 kN)
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Texas DOT Study of PileMedic®
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Piles
Summary of Test Results
AxialLoad(Kips)
Stiffness(k/in)*1/10
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Nebraska DOR Tests of Timber Piles
Design Capacity = 18 kips
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Sample Recent Pile Repair Projects
Perdue Agriculture – 500 Timber Piles
Pearl Harbor – 90 Concrete Piles
Port of Seattle – 95 Hexagonal Concrete Piles
Nigerian Petroleum Corp – 120 Steel Piles
Odfjell Terminal – 100 Steel Piles
Indiana DOT Bridge – 256 Steel Piles
Port of San Francisco – Seismic Retrofit of Concrete Piles (ongoing)
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Perdue Agriculture Chesapeake, VA 2016
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Creating a new pile even when the original pile is completely gone.
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Todds Bridge Australia
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Lawnville Road Bridge Australia
Notice small gap Between wall and column
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Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation
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120 Steel piles
40 in. (1m) diameter
40 ft (12 m) tall
Two noteworthy features:
1. Most of the repair was done without divers
2. .......
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Kennedy Ave. Bridge, INWatch Video at https://tinyurl.com/tg3jgrg
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Steel Bridge PilingWatch Video at https://tinyurl.com/yx84ymz8
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Repair of Corroded Bridge Piles(St. Louis, MO)
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ASR is a swelling reaction that occurs over time in some concretes
Results in large expansive pressures
Pile Encapsulation to:
Seal Cracks
Inhibit Chloride, Water & Oxygen Ingress
Resist Internal Pressure by Confinement to Limit ASR
Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR)
Expansion MovementExpansi
on P
ress
ure
1000 psi (7 MPa)
300 psi (2 MPa)
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Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR)
Over 15 years Transport & Main Roads (TMR), QLD tried a couple of promising FRP Jackets
The jacket failed at the fins
Project was put on hold
Successfully repaired in 2016 using PileMedic®
PileMedic®
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Barron River BridgeWatch Video at https://tinyurl.com/ryeyc6y
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Barron River Bridge
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Repair of Square Concrete PilesWatch Video at https://tinyurl.com/yakd5uuh
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ShearWrap™
When we create a reinforced concrete tube around a pile, a continuous load path must be provided around the deteriorated portion of the pile.
Concrete and timber pile surfaces are rough enough to transfer the loads adequately
What about steel piles?
Welded shear connectors
ShearWrap™
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ShearWrap™ (Patent Pending)
ShearWrap™ creates a continuous load path that bypasses the corroded region!
CorrodedRegion
ShearWrap™
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95 Steel Piles (24”ø x 14-ft)(Houston, TX -- Spring 2019)
Proprietary
ShearWrap™
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Ease of Construction & Installation
Cut labor by 2/3 !
Super easy:4-ft > 40 min.12-ft > 3 ½ hrs
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Copyright © - QuakeWrap, Inc. 2020
Outline
Introduction & Background
Strengthening of Columns & Piles
Wet Layup
PileMedic® for Repair of Piles
Sandwich Construction
SPiRe® (Sheet Pile Repair)
Other Applications
Other Innovative Solutions
Copyright © - QuakeWrap, Inc. 2020
Composite Sandwich Concept
Steel I-beam
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Sheet Pile Repair System (SPiRe®)Video Link: https://tinyurl.com/y8kpaz48
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Repair of Sheet Piles with SPiRe®
Port of West St. Mary, LA
150-ft long
7-ft tall
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Repair of Sheet Piles with SPiRe®
Port of West St. Mary, LA
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Repair of Sheet Piles with SPiRe®
Port of West St. Mary, LA
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Repair of Sheet Piles with SPiRe®
Port of West St. Mary, LA
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Repair of Sheet Piles with SPiRe®
Port of West St. Mary, LA
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Repair of Sheet Piles with SPiRe®
West Rock, Chesapeake VA Length = 926-ft Height =4-14 ft
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Repair of Sheet Piles with SPiRe®
West Rock, Chesapeake VA
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Repair of Sheet Piles with SPiRe®
West Rock, Chesapeake VA
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Repair of Sheet Piles with SPiRe®
West Rock, Chesapeake VA
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Repair of Sheet Piles with SPiRe®
West Rock, Chesapeake VA
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Repair of Sheet Piles with SPiRe® West Rock, Chesapeake VA
Note limited access!
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Repair of Sheet Piles with SPiRe®
West Rock, Chesapeake VA
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Repair of Sheet Piles with SPiRe®
West Rock, Chesapeake VA
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US Coast Guard - Repair with SPiRe®
Tongue Point, OR Feb 2020
Original
Installation
Placement of grout
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US Coast Guard - Repair with SPiRe®
Tongue Point, OR Feb 2020
PaintedFinished
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Repair of Sheet Piles with SPiRe® Bair Island, Redwood City, CA
Customized Panels
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Typical SPiRe® Details
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Typical SPiRe® Details
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Typical SPiRe® Details
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Outline
Introduction & Background
Strengthening of Columns & Piles
Wet Layup
PileMedic® for Repair of Piles
Sandwich Construction
SPiRe® (Sheet Pile Repair)
Other Applications
Other Innovative Solutions
Copyright © - QuakeWrap, Inc. 2020
Stay-In-Place Forms(Patent Pending)
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Stay-In-Place Forms(Fajardo, PR)
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Repair of Large Piers
Place FRP-Honeycomb panels around pier Wrap wet layup FRP sheets around them
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Repair of Large Piers
Push finished assembly partially into waterPlace more FRP-Honeycomb panels around pier Wrap wet layup FRP sheets around themSeal bottom and fill with grout
Copyright © - QuakeWrap, Inc. 2020
Outline
Introduction & Background
Strengthening of Columns & Piles
Wet Layup
PileMedic® for Repair of Piles
Sandwich Construction
SPiRe® (Sheet Pile Repair)
Other Applications
Other Innovative Solutions
Copyright © - QuakeWrap, Inc. 2020
Form-A-Tube® (www.Form-A-Tube.com)
Form-A-Tube®
7-inch wide flat strips made with PVC
Ships and stores flat
Make tubes of any diameter on site
Every strips adds 2-inch to diameter
Smooth surface inside for
Reusable formwork like SonoTube
……. or …….
Ribbed surface inside for one-time use
as stay-in-place form for repair of piles
and columns
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Form-A-Tube®
Repair of Piles & Forming ColumnsVideo Link: https://tinyurl.com/ycrgvdn3
PVC Strips 6.28” wide
Smooth on one side
T-Profiles on other side
Cut to desired length
Snap edges together to create
a shell, 12”, 14”, 16”
Reusable form
like SonoTube
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Material properties
Test Data
Specifications
PileMedic
SPiRe
Grout
Design Examples
PileMedic Construction Documents
SPiRe Construction Documents
Benefits of each system
Contents of Upcoming Webinar(to be offered in the next couple weeks)
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Thank You!
Mo Ehsani
www.PileMedic.com
Watch over 120 videos of :
YouTube.com/QuakeWrapInc
Follow us on
For PDH Certificates email us at [email protected]
with the subject heading: PDH (Marine)
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