pipelines installation

7/30/2019 Pipelines Installation

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PIPELINEMuhammad kamilMuhammad najmi

Noor azreen


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PIPELINEDESIGN

SIZING

WALLTHICKNESS

DESIGNPRESSURE

MATERIAL


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PIPE SIZE

Calculate the head loss- When the fluid flow through the pipelinethere is a resistance to the flow due to thefriction force and the pressure is formcause the energy loss.

Design flow rate

Diameter of pipe is from 4 to 48 inches


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MATERIAL

Type of material common used are steel,ductile iron, reinforced concrete and

fiberglass Mechanical resistance consideration


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WALL THICKNESS

Hoop stress

Hoop stress must be less than the

maximum allowable stress


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DESIGN PRESSURE

Buried pressure pipe installation quite similarthe design method for gravity pipeinstallations

For internal pressure: Hydrostatic pressureand surge pressure

For low pressure:- nominal diameter= 114-630mm

- internal pressure= 545kpa or less High pressure:

- nominal pressure= 21-710mm- internal pressure= 550-2170kpa


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PIPELINE FAILURE

Cause by natural disaster, lessmaintenance or human error.

To avoid this failure:

- modern welded steel pipe with buttelectric arc welded joints

- Construct parallel pipelines inindependent alignments


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Balboa Neighborhood Burned by Exploding Gas Line inNorthridge Earthquake (left); Fire ball that Burned the

Neighborhood.


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Crater Resulting from Williams 26inch

Pipeline Explosion in Washington State,


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Wrinkled Pipeline

Failed in

Compression


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PIPELINES

INSTALLATION

ON-shore Pipeline installation

Offshore pipeline


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On-Shore installation

Pre construction of pipelines

1) Acquisition/Requisition of LandAcquisition- permanent use of land for pipeline activitiesRequisition- temporary use of land for pipeline activities

2) Submission of proposal

Acquire permission from government to access the land


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Construction of pipelines1) Cleaning the ROW(Rights Of Way)

ROW rights to make a way over a piece of land for

pipeline construction. Heavy equipments are used to clean up the ROW

Bulldozer- to clean Excavator- used for SideBoom- lift pipe

the ROW trenching and pipe lifting during welding activities


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2) Stringing the Pipelinethe process of sorting the pipeline in a ROW so that the

pipeline can be welded together

Lift Boom are used to lift the pipe for welding process.


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3) Bending and Welding Welding machine is used to join the pipe together

3 or more layer of welding maybe necessary depends onthe pipe thickness

Bending machine is used to slightly bend the pipelinesespecially when the pipes encounter changes in routeand topography.


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4) Coating the pipelines Coating of pipe is mainly aimed to prevent any water and

moisture from directly contact with the pipelines and causecorrosion to the pipes.

Generally, pipeline are already coated before transferringto ROW.


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5) Roads and railway crossing

It is not economical to deviate pathway of pipelines if theroute encounter barrier such as the railway and roads.

Thus engineer implies THRUST BORING METHOD where ahole is drilled underway without disurbing the roads


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6) Set On Weight

Once the pipeline lies on the land, weight is installed over

the pipeline to provide a secure fit of the pipe.

In other saying, a concrete is poured onto the pipeline to

make it stable


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7) Testing the Pipelines

Pig Test- To clean internal rust inside pipe and dry theinternal surface of the pipe.

Hydro test should be 1.5 times the design pressure ofthe pipes.

- watch for any defects in the pipe.


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Off-Shore Pipelines Installation

Construction of pipelines

1) Towing the pipelines. Tow-in pipeline installation

Basically, pipeline is suspended on water by using

buoyancy modules, towed by boat and pipeline is settledon sea bed.

there are 4 types of Tow-in installation.

- Surface Tow

- Mid- Depth Tow

- Off- Bottom Tow

- Bottom Tow


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S-Lay Pipeline InstallationPipeline is welded, part off the boat as the boat moves

forward and drawn down the water.

Stringer is used to support the pipe as it moves into water.


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J-Lay InstallationThis installation used tall tower instead of stringer to

reduce tension or stress on the pipeline.

Thus overcome problems with S-lay installation associatedwith the stress on the pipeline.


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2) Welding the Pipelines

The pipeline usually will be welded on the build-in

welding station and crane on the Barge carrying thepipeline such as S-Lay and J-Lay Barge.

The pipeline is passed through 3 or more weldingstation and X-ray to detect any defects on the pipeline


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4) Anchoring the pipelineThe pipeline that lies on the seabed will then be

anchored and pile down to the seabed to fix the pipeline sothat it will remains in places.

pipelines installation

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