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Package Management Cheatsheet

A package management reference card for Linux distributions and FreeBSD

Introduction

Package management is probably the most distinctive feature of any Linux distribution. While the current trend among most of the major projects is to offersome sort of a clickable interface where users can select a package and install it with a mouse click (e.g. Debian's Synaptic or Mandriva's Drakrpm), thesetypes of programs are generally just graphical front-ends to the low-level utilities that manage the tasks associated with installing packages on a Linux

system. And even though many desktop Linux users feel much more comfortable installing packages through these intuitive graphical tools, there is nodenying that command-line package management offers two excellent features not available in any graphical package management utility: power and speed

One problem that many distro-hoppers and operating system enthusiasts encounter is having to master (or relearn) a set of package managementcommands each time they switch from one distribution group to another. Additionally, the package management tools tend to evolve, with new features andeven new commands added to every new version. This is why we created this package management cheatsheet - an easy reference card covering mostfrequently used package management tasks in Linux distributions and FreeBSD. As always, we welcome corrections, updates and suggestions - if you spoany error or wish to have another package management utility added to this page, feel free to contact us (email address at the bottom of this page).

Package Management Cheatsheet

A d v e r t i s e m e n t

Main distributions

The first table lists package management tasks in the four most popular distribution groups - Debian (includingUbuntu, Linux Mint, KNOPPIX, aptosid and other Debian derivatives), openSUSE, Fedora (including Red HatEnterprise Linux, CentOS, Scientific Linux and other Fedora-based distributions), and Mandriva Linux and Mageia.

Taskapt (deb)

Debian, Ubuntuzypp (rpm)openSUSE

yum (rpm)Fedora, CentOS

urpmi (rpm)Mandriva, Mageia

Managing software

Install new software frompackage repository

apt-get install pkg zypper install pkg yum install pkg urpmi pkg

Install new software frompackage file

dpkg -i pkg zypper install pkgyum localinstall

pkgurpmi pkg

Update existing software apt-get install pkgzypper update -t

package pkg

yum update pkg urpmi pkg

Remove unwanted software apt-get remove pkg zypper remove pkg yum erase pkg urpme pkg

Updating the system

Update package listapt-get update

aptitude updatezypper refresh yum check-update urpmi.update -a

Update systemapt-get upgrade

aptitude safe-upgrade

zypper update yum update urpmi --auto-select

Searching for packages

Search by package nameapt-cache search

pkgzypper search pkg yum list pkg urpmq pkg

Search

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Search by patt ern apt -c ac he s earc hpattern

zypper search -tpattern pattern

yum s earch pattern urpmq --fuzzy pkg

Search by fi le name apt-fi le search path zypper wp file yum provides file urpmf file

List installed packages dpkg -l zypper search -is rpm -qa rpm -qa

Configuring access tosoftware repositories

List repositoriescat

/etc/apt/sources.listzypper repos yum repolist urpmq --list-media

Add repository(edit

/etc/apt/sources.list)zypper addrepo

path name(add repo to

/etc/yum.repos.d/)urpmi.addmedia

name path

Remove repository(edit

/etc/apt/sources.list)zypper removerepo

name(remove repo from/etc/yum.repos.d/)

urpmi.removemediamedia

Slackware and Slackware Based Distributions

The table below lists package management utilities found in Slackware Linux and other Slackware-baseddistributions. As stated by Patrick Volkerding on several occasions, Slackware is unlikely to ever have anyadvanced (i.e. dependency-resolving) package management tool, so all installation, upgrade and removal taskscontinue to be performed with pkgtools , a set of very simple scripts that haven't changed much in years.Nevertheless, slackpkg, an advanced package management tool which for years had been relegated to theunsupported "extra" repository, was finally made part of Slackware Linux 12.2. It's worth noting that some popularSlackware derivatives, such as VectorLinux, have standardised on slapt-get, another third-party utility imitating thebehaviour of Debian's APT, while Zenwalk Linux has introduced its own package management tool called netpkg.

Taskpkgtools

Slackwareslackpkg

Slackwareslapt-get

Vectornetpkg

Zenwalk

Managing software


-- slackpkg install pkgslapt-get --install

pkgnetpkg pkg


installpkg pkg slackpkg install pkgslapt-get --install

pkgnetpkg pkg

Update existing software upgradepkg pkgslackpkg upgrade

pkgslapt-get --install

pkgnetpkg pkg

Remove unwanted software removepkg pkg slackpkg remove pkgslapt-get --remove

pkgnetpkg remove pkg

Updating the system

Update package list -- slackpkg update slapt-get --update (automatic)

Update system -- s lac kpk g upgrade-all slapt-get --upgrade netpkg upgrade


Search by package name -- slackpkg search pkg slapt-get --searchpkg netpkg pkg repo

Search by pattern --slackpkg s earch

patternslapt-get --search

patternnetpkg list | grep

pattern

Search by file name -- -- -- netpkg file repo

List installed packagesls

/var/log/packages/ls /var/log/packages/ slapt-get --installed netpk list I


List repositories --cat

/etc/slackpkg/mirrorscat /etc/slapt-get/slapt-getrc

netpkg mirror

Add repository --(edit

/etc/slackpkg/mirrors)(edit /etc/slapt-get/slapt-getrc)

(edit/etc/netpkg.conf)

Remove repository --(edit

/etc/slackpkg/mirrors)(edit /etc/slapt-get/slapt-getrc)

(edit/etc/netpkg.conf)

Independent Linux Distributions

In the next group we have a few (mostly) independent distributions that have been gaining popularity in recent years.Sabayon Linux, although derived from Gentoo, has introduced its own command-line package management utilitycalled equo. Arch Linux's Pacman has been around for a long time and it's often considered one of the fastestpackage management utilities around. Conary, developed by rPath and popularised by Foresight Linux, is acompletely new approach to package management, created by well-known ex-Red Hat engineers with many yearsof package management experience. In contrast, PiSi by Pardus Linux is a relatively new utility, but the distributionitself has been growing fast in the last couple of years.

equo pacman conary pisi

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Source Based Distributions

Next, a table for source-based distributions. Gentoo's Portage is well-documented and widely used, but otherdistributions that are designed to be built from scratch don't often feature in the Linux media, so their packagemanagement systems are not particularly well-known. Sorcerer, which existed even before Gentoo Linux wasconceived, uses Bash scripts to "cast spells" or download, install and compile packages. Sorcerer was later forkedinto Lunar Linux and Source Mage GNU/Linux, both of which are included in the table below. Unfortunately,Sorcerer doesn't offer much in terms of online documentation so it has been omitted for now.

TaskportageGentoo

lunarLunar

sorcerySource Mage

Managing software

Install new software from

package repository emerge pkg lin pkg cast pk g


Update exist ing s oft ware emerge pkg lin pkg cast pkg

Remove unwanted software emerge -aC pkg lrm pkg dispel pkg

Updating the system

Update package list emerge --sync lin moonbase scribe update

Update system emerge -NuDa world lunar update sorcery upgrade


Search by package name emerge --search pkg lvu search pkg gaze search -name pkg

Search by patt ern emerge --s earc h pattern lvu search pattern gaze search pattern

Search by file name equery belongs pkg gaze from file

List installed packages qlist -I lvu installed gaze installedConfiguring access tosoftware repositories

List repositories layman -L -- scribe index

Add repository layman -a repo -- scribe add repo

Remove repository layman -d repo -- scribe remove repo

FreeBSD

Finally, a table for FreeBSD, a popular operating system offering both binary and source package management.

TaskpackagesFreeBSD

portsFreeBSD

Managing software


pkg_add -r package cd port_dir && make && make install

Install new software frompackage file pkg_add path_to_package --

Update existing software pkg_add path_to_package portupgrade -R pkg

Rem ove unwant ed s oft ware pk g_delet e pkg pkg_delete pkg

Updating the system freebsd-update fetch install portsnap fecth install

Update package listcsup -L 2 -h cvsup.FreeBSD.org

path_to_supfileportsnap update

Update systemportupgrade -aportmanager -u

portmaster -a

Searching for packagesSearch by package name cd /usr/ports && make search pkg

Search by pattern cd /usr/ports && make search pattern

Search by file name

List installed packages pkg_info pkg_info


List repositories -- --

Add repository -- --

Remove repository -- --

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