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NAUPMAMEK NAD NAFITKAEK NATAKGNINEP

NAGNALIB NAGNARUGNEP ISAREPO NAKIASELEYNEM

NARAJALEBMEP LEDOM NAKANUGGNEM TALUB

EPIT FITAREPOOK TNEMANRUOT SEMAG SMAET ADAP

NASERED IREGEN RASAD HALOKES VI SALEK AWSIS

2102/1102 NARAJALEP NUHAT 2 RETSEMES

ISPIRKS

ujaiD tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnu nak nakididneP anajraS raleG helorepmeM

rasaD halokeS uruG nakididneP idutS margorP

helO nususiD

murgninayidiW irT aniratahC

081431180 :MIN

RASAD HALOKES URUG NAKIDIDNEP IDUTS MARGORP

NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NASURUJ

ATLUKAF NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NAD NAURUGEK S

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

ATRAKAYGOY

2102

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

i

NATAKGNINEP NAD NAFITKAEK NAUPMAMEK

NAGNALIB NAGNARUGNEP ISAREPO NAKIASELEYNEM

NARAJALEBMEP LEDOM NAKANUGGNEM TALUB

EPIT FITAREPOOK T MAE S G SEMA T TNEMANRUO ADAP

AWSIS ALOKES VI SALEK NASERED IREGEN RASAD H

2 RETSEMES 2102/1102 NARAJALEP NUHAT

ISPIRKS

tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnu nakujaiD nakididneP anajraS raleG helorepmeM

rasaD halokeS uruG nakididneP idutS margorP

helO nususiD


081431180 :MIN

P RASAD HALOKES URUG NAKIDIDNEP IDUTS MARGOR

NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NASURUJ

NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NAD NAURUGEK SATLUKAF

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

ATRAKAYGOY

2102


ii


iii


vi

nahabmesreP

:adapek nakhabmesrep ayas ini ayrak sulut nagneD

.1 hallA ulales gnay apaB hakgnal aumes iatreynem

d na ukahasu

.2 ukitagnameynem ulales gnay sutsirK suseY nahuT

malad paites uknaasasutupek

.3 ulales gnay airaM adnuB nad nakragnednem

gnem nakratnah aod nanula - ukukaod

.4 ukautgnaro audeK malad gnirek hanrep kat gnay

nad ahasu ek nakaodnem uknalisahreb

.5 sayT les gnay em ula kutnu utkaw nakaideyn

omem vit isa & nakirebmem aynnautnab


v

OTTOM

.1 KOGNET HALl APA TAHIL NAD GNAKALEB EK RATNEBES

NAPED EK HALKILABREB NAIDUMEK UMNAGNARUKEK

UMNAHIBELEK HALKUPUP ATRES KEROK NAD

.2 UAM UMAK AMALES LIHATSUM GNAY LAH ADA KADIT

AHASUREB

.3 IT HALIALUM IDAJ TABMALRET ATAK ADA KAD

UMATNIC NAD ATIC HIAREM AGUJ INI KITED


iv

AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP

ini silut ayas gnay ispirks awhab aynhuggnuses nagned nakataynem ayaS

naktubesid halet gnay ilaucek ,nial gnaro ayrak naigab uata ayrak taumem kadit

ad .haimli ayrak aynkayal anamiagabes ,akatsup ratfad nad napituk mal

,atrakaygoY ieM 1 2102

siluneP



iiv

ISAKILBUP NAUJUTESREP NAATAYNREP RABMEL

SIMEDAKA NATAIGEK KUTNU HAIMLI AYRAK

ham ayas ,ini hawab id nagnatadnatreb gnaY :amrahD atanaS satisrevinU awsisa

amaN murgninayidiW irT aniratahC :

MIN 081431180 :

naakatsuprep adapek nakirebmem ayas ,nauhategnep umli nagnabmegnep imeD

:ludujreb gnay ayas haimli ayrak amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

natakgnineP“ nad nafitkaeK naupmameK isarepO nakiaseleyneM

fitarepooK narajalebmeP ledoM nakanuggneM taluB nagnaliB nagnarugneP

epiT Te ma s G sema T tnemanruo iregeN rasaD halokeS VI saleK awsiS adap

”2102/1102 naraeeP nuhaT 2 retsemeS nasereD

mem ayas naikimeD .nakulrepid gnay takgnarep atreseB adapek nakuhatireb

nakhilagnem ,napmiynem kutnu kah amrahD atanaS satisrevinU naakatsuprep

,atad nalakgnap kutneb malad aynalolegnem ,nial aidem kutneb malad

aidem uata tenretni id aynnakisakilbupmem nad ,satabret araces nakisubirtsidnem

itnepek kutnu nial nupuam ayas irad niji atnimem ulrep apnat simedaka nagn

iagabes ayas aman nakmutnacnem patet amales ayas adapek ytlayor nakirebmem

.silunep

.aynranebes nagned taub ayas ini naataynrep naikimeD

atrakaygoY id taubiD

:laggnat adaP 2 ieM 1 210

nakataynem gnaY



iiiv

KARTSBA

NATAKGNINEP NAD NAFITKAEK NAKIASELEYNEM NAUPMAMEK NAKANUGGNEM TALUB NAGNALIB NAGNARUGNEP ISAREPO

EPIT FITAREPOOK NARAJALEBMEP LEDOM TE MA S G SEMAT TNEMANRUO )TGT( ADAP AWSIS RASAD HALOKES VI SALEK

IREGEN TSEMES NASERED 2 RE 2102/1102 NARAJALEP NUHAT

murgninayidiW irT aniratahC amrahD atanas satisrevinU

2102 iuhategnem kutnu halada ini naitilenep irad naujuT ledom hakapa

epit fitarepook narajalebmep maeT s tnemanruoT semaG )TGT( tapad naktakgninem VI salek awsis nafitkaek nuhat 2 retsemes nasereD iregeN DS

talub nagnalib nagnarugnep isarepo narajalebmep amales 2102/1102 narajalep aynnatakgninep apareb atres hakapa iuhategnem kutnu nad narajalebmep ledom

epit fitarepook TGT naktakgninem tapad naupmamek isarepo nakiaseleynem nuhat 2 retsemes nasereD iregeN DS VI salek awsis talub nagnalib nagnarugnep

2102/1102 narajalep atres aynnatakgninep apareb . nakanuggnem nagned salek nakadnit naitilenep nakapurem ini naitileneP

model narajalebmep epit fitarepook TGT itupilem gnay 4 hat pa isatneserp utiay,mit ajrek ,salek naniamrep kutneb malad tnemanruot nupadA .naagrahgnep nad ,

nad simmeK ledom naitilenep niased halada nakanugid gnay naitilenep niased nakanaskalid gnay ,traggaT .CM niboR malad sulkis 2 t , sulkis pai irad iridret 3

ilak .awsis 23 halmujreb naitilenep keybus nagned naumetrep H naitilenep lisa awhab nakkujnunem narajalebmep ledom naparenep

epit fitarepook TGT m tapad natakgnine nafitkaek gnay akitametam rajalebsis adap talub nagnalib nagnarugnep isarepo nagned natiakreb DS VI salek aw

kapmat tubesret laH .2102/1102 narajalep nuhat nasereD iregeN esatnesrep adap I sulkis adap ,%84 rasebes lawa isidnok nafitkaek nakgnades ,%89.07 sulkis adap

rasebes II .%43.67 nafitkaek natakgnineP akitametam rajaleb lawa isidnok iradapmas II sulkis naitilenep rihka i 82 rasebes 3. 4 .% h uti nialeS naitilenep lisa

natakgninep idajret awhab nakkujnunem gnay akitametam rajaleb naupmamek DS VI salek awsis adap talub nagnalib nagnarugnep isarepo nagned natiakreb

/1102 narajalep nuhat nasereD iregeN kapmat tubesret laH .2102 isidnok adap ada I sulkis adap naitilenep lisah ,MKK ihunemem gnay )%05( awsis 61 ada lawa )%57( awsis 42 ada II sulkis adap nad ,MKK ihunemem gnay awsis )%36( 02

.MKK ihunemem gnay naupmamek natakgnineP akitametam rajaleb wa irad la rasebes II sulkis naitilenep rihka iapmas 25%.

epit fitarepook narajalebmep ledom ,rajaleb naupmamek :icnuk ataK

( tnemanruoT semaG smaeT TGT )


xi

TCARTSBA YTILIBA DNA YTIVITCA EHT FO ESAERCNI EHT

EHT EVLOS OT NOITAREPO NOITCUDER REGETNIT GNITNEMELPMI LEDOM GNINRAEL EVITAREPOOC EH GNISU

)TGT( TNEMANRUOT STNEDUTS EDARG HTRUOF EHT NO EPYT FO DNOCES EHT NI LOOHCS YRATNEMELE ETATS NASERED

2102/1102 RAEY CIMEDACA RETSEMES

murgninayidiW irT aniratahC S amrahD atana ytisrevinU

2102

dnif ot smia hcraeser sihT ledom gninrael evitarepooc eht rehtehw tuo gnisu smaeT eht no ytivitca eht esaercni nac epyt )TGT( tnemanruoT semaG

retsemes dnoces eht ni loohcS yratnemelE etatS nasereD fo stneduts edarg htruoftarepo noitcuder regetni eht gnirud 2102/1102 raey cimedaca ti hcum woh dna noi

nac epyt TGT gnisu ledom gninrael evitarepooc eht fi tuo dnif ot dna ,sesaercni htruof eht no noitarepo noitcuder regetni eht evlos ot ytiliba ’stneduts eht esaercni

stneduts edarg fo tsemes dnoces eht ni loohcS yratnemelE etatS nasereD re.sesaercni ti hcum woh dna 2102/1102 raey cimedaca

segats 4 derevoc hcihw epyt TGT gnisu hcraeser noitca si hcraeser sihT .noitaicerppa dna ,tnemanruot gnisu semag ,krow maet ,noitatneserp ssalc yleman

simmeK saw hcraeser siht ni detnemelpmi ngised ehT s’traggaT .CM niboR dna sgniteem 3 fo detsisnoc elcyc hcae hcihw ni selcyc 2 ni detcudnoc saw tI .ledom

.stcejbus hcraeser eht sa stneduts 23 htiw evitarepooc eht fo noitatnemelpmi eht taht swohs tluser hcraeser ehT

aercni nac epyt TGT gnisu ledom gninrael citamehtam ni ytivitca ’stneduts eht es fo stneduts edarg htruof eht sdrawot noitcuder regetni eht htiw detaler gninrael raey cimedaca retsemes dnoces eht ni loohcS yratnemelE etatS nasereD

ep ytivitica eht fo noitidnoc tsrif eht morf nees si tI .2102/1102 ,% 84 no egatnecr citamehtam eht fo esaercni ehT .% 43.67 si II elcyc ni elihw ,%89.07 si I elcyc ni eht ,sediseB .% 43.82 si II elcyc fo dne eht ot tsrif eht morf ytivitca gninrael

m ni ytiliba ’stneduts eht no gnisiar si ereht taht swohs tluser hcraeser citamrehta stneduts edarg htruof eht no noitarepo noitcuder regetni eht htiw detaler gninrael raey cimedaca retsemes dnoces eht ni loohcS yratnemelE etatS nasereD fo )% 05( stneduts 61 eht no noitidnoc tsrif eht morf nees ylraelc si tI .2102/1102

tem hcihw elcyc ni tluser hcraeser eht ,airetirC erocS muminiM eht fo dnamed eht erocS muminiM eht fo dnamed eht tem stneduts )% 36( 02 era ereht taht swohs I eht fo dnamed eht tem )% 57( stneduts 42 era ereht II elcyc ni dna ,airetirC

i ehT .airetirC erocS muminiM citamehtam ni ytiliba ’stneduts eht fo esaercn.% 52 si selcyc hcraeser eht fo dne eht ot tsrif eht morf gninrael

tnemanruoT semaG gnisu ledom gninrael evitarepooc ,ytiliba gninrael :sdrowyeK

epyt )TGT(


x

RATNAGNEP ATAK

apaB hallA adapek rukuys ijuP id agrus alages sata , ayntamhar nad takreb

natakgnineP“ ludujreb gnay ispirks nakiaseleynem tapad silunep aggnihes

nad nafitkaeK taluB nagnaliB nagnarugneP isarepO nakiaseleyneM naupmameK

epiT fitarepooK ledoM nakanuggneM nagned TGT alokeS VI saleK awsiS adap h

eP nuhaT 2 retsemeS nasereD iregeN rasaD la aj ”2102/1102 nar acnal nagned .r

utas halas ihunemem kutnu naujutreb ini ispirks nasiluneP nasululek tarays

iduts margorp afnamreb tapad atres amrahD atanaS satisrevinU DSGP igab ta

ni nasilunep malaD .kahip aumes nanusuynep malad awhab iradaynem silunep i

.kahip iagabreb irad nautnab nad amasajrek irad sapel kadit ini ispirks anerak helO

:adapek hisak amiret nakpacugnem silunep uti

.1 .D.hP ,idnahoR nakididneP umlI nad nakididneP satlukaF nakeD ukales .

.2 aharguN irA .G DSGP idutS margorP auteK ukales .A.M ,.TSB ,.S.S,.J.S ,atn

.amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

.3 .A .srD S ra d .dP.M ,anaj I gnibmibmeP nesoD ukales gnay gnibmibmem halet

silunep ispirks nakiaseleynem malad rabas nagned .

.4 idA .srD m sa s ana A.M , P nesoD ukales II gnibmibme gnibmibmem halet gnay

kiab nagned silunep .ispirks nakiaseleynem malad

.5 nakgnaulem halet gnay ijugnep nesoD ukales .dP.M ,dP.S ,omusuK hilaG

.ispirks ijugnem kutnu aynutkaw

.6 malad isavitom nakirebmem ulales gnay .iS.M ,omonruP ijuP .srD

seleynem .ispirks nakia

.7 DSGP nawayrak nad nesod aumeS utas naktubes ayas tapad kadit gnay

.utasrep

.8 anayal irebmem halet gnay DSU naakatsuprep iawagep aumeS adapek n

tapadnem malad silunep k .isnerefer na

.9 ruN U nid S , P. d. let gnay nasereD iregeN DS halokes alapeK ukales ha

rebmem i nak zi .naitilenep nakukalem kutnu ni

.01 S ,idramuS P. d. salek urug ukales gnay nad amasajrekeb aidesreb utnabmem

silunep .naitilenep nakukalem malad


ix

.11 N DS VI salek awsis aumeS nasereD irege 2102/1102 narajaleP nuhaT gnay

em malad silunep utnabmem halet .naitilenep nakukal

.21 tabahaS - uktabahas namet & aksiS ,imatU ,irtuP - inatoB soK namet k aivliS a

aynawat nad adnac ,isavitom nakirebmem ulales gnay

.31 kadit gnay ini ispirks nakiaseleynem utnabmem halet gnay kahip aumeS

utas naktubes silunep tapad - .utasrep

rihkA p ,atak hisam ini ispirks nanusuynep malad awhab iradaynem silune

nad kitirk nakparahgnem tagnas silunep uti anerak helO .aynnagnarukek kaynab

agomes atak rihkA .ini ispirks nanusuynep nakanrupmeynem tapad ayapus naras

rap igab taaafnamreb tapad ini ispirks .acabmep a

,atrakaygoY ieM 1 2102

neP silu



iix

ISI RATFAD

namalaH

LUDUJ NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ........................ i

BMIBMEP NAUJUTESREP NAMALAH I GN ................................ ................. ii

NAHASEGNEP NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ........... iii

NAHABMESREP ................................ ................................ ............................. vi

OTTOM ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ v

AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP ................................ ............................ iv

ISAKILBUP NAUJUTESREP ................................ ................................ .......... iiv

KARTSBA ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... iiiv

TCARTSBA ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... xi

RATNAGNEP ATAK ................................ ................................ ...................... x

ISI RATFAD ................................ ................................ ................................ .... iix

LEBAT RATFAD ................................ ................................ ............................ vx

RABMAG RATFAD ................................ ................................ ........................ ivx

NARIPMAL RATFAD ................................ ................................ ..................... iivx

NAULUHADNEP .I BAB ................................ ................................ ................ 1

.A halasaM gnakaleB rataL ................................ ................................ . 1

.B halasaM isakifitnedI ................................ ................................ ........ 4

.C halasaM nasatabmeP ................................ ................................ ....... 4

.D halasaM nasumuR ................................ ................................ ........... 5

.E naujuT naitileneP ................................ ................................ ............ 5

.F naitileneP taafnaM ................................ ................................ .......... 6

.G halasaM nahacemeP ................................ ................................ ........ 7

.H naitregneP nasataB ................................ ................................ ......... 7

.II BAB L NA NASAD IROET ................................ ................................ .......... 9

.A akatsuP naijaK ................................ ................................ ................ 9

.1 awsiS nafitkaeK ................................ ................................ ......... 9

.2 naupmameK naitregneP ................................ ............................. 11

.3 akitametaM narajaleP ataM ................................ ......................... 12

.4 fitarepooK narajalebmeP ledoM ................................ .................. 25


iiix

.5 ajalebmeP ledoM epiT fitarepooK nar TGT ................................ .. 31

.6 edoteM nagneD akitametaM narajalebmeP

epiT fitarepooK TGT ................................ ................................ . 14

.B lisaH - uluhadreT naitileneP lisaH ................................ ..................... 43

.C rikipreB akgnareK ................................ ................................ ........... 46

.D T sisetopiH nakadni ................................ ................................ ......... 47

NAITILENEP EDOTEM .III BAB ................................ ................................ ... 94

.A sineJ naitileneP ................................ ................................ ............... 94

.B gnitteS naitileneP ................................ ................................ ............ 94

.C eD naitileneP nias ................................ ................................ ............ 05

.D nakadniT anacneR ................................ ................................ ......... 15

.E ataD nalupmugneP ................................ ................................ .......... 95

.F nemurtsnI nansusuyneP ................................ ................................ .. 95

.G ataD sisilanA ................................ ................................ .................. 86

nalisahrebeK airetirK .1 ................................ ................................ ... 86

atad sisilanA .2 ................................ ................................ ................ 86

NAITILENEP LISAH .VI BAB ................................ ................................ ........ 07

.A De ataD ispirks ................................ ................................ ................ 07

.1 I sulkiS ................................ ................................ ....................... 07

.a nataigeK anacneR ................................ ................................ 07

.b skaleP nakadniT naana ................................ ......................... 07

.c natamagneP ................................ ................................ ......... 79

.d iskelfeR ................................ ................................ ............... 38

.2 II sulkiS ................................ ................................ ..................... 58

.a nataigeK anacneR ................................ ................................ 58

.b nakadniT naanaskaleP ................................ ......................... 88

.c natamagneP ................................ ................................ ......... 89

.d iskelfeR ................................ ................................ ............... 201

.B ataD sisilanA ................................ ................................ .................. 01 4

.1 kopmoleK naagrahgneP ................................ ................................ 01 4

.2 narajalebmeP malaD awsiS nafitkaeK natamagneP ....................... 01 5


vix

.3 nesreP MKK iapacneM gnay esat ................................ ................. 01 6

.C nasahabmeP ................................ ................................ .................... 01 7

.1 rajaleB malaD awsiS nafitkaeK natamagneP lisaH ........................ 01 7

2 . II sulkiS nad I sulkiS adaP rajaleB naupmameK lisaH ................. 01 8

NARAS NAD NALUPMISEK .V BAB ................................ ............................ 11 2

.A nalupmiseK ................................ ................................ .................... 11 2

.B raS na ................................ ................................ .............................. 11 3

AKATSUP RATFAD ................................ ................................ ....................... 11 4


vx

AT RATFAD LEB

.1 lebaT rokS rabmeL tnemanruoT ajeM_reP tnemanruoT .............................. 38

.2 lebaT tnioP nagnutihgneP tnemanruoT niameP 4 nagned ............................. 38

.3 lebaT rokS rabmeL tnemanruoT kopmoleK_reP ................................ ......... 39

.4 lebaT naagrahgneP airetirK ................................ ................................ .......... 04

.5 lebaT nalisahrebeK airetirK ................................ ................................ ......... 05

ebaT .6 l awsiS nafitkaeK natamagneP rabmeL ................................ ................ 06

.7 lebaT naanuggneP natamagneP rabmeL

epiT fitarepooK narajalebmeP ledoM TGT ................................ ....... 61

lebaT 8 . isiK - isiK tnemanruoT I sulkiS ................................ ........................... 63

lebaT 9. isiK - I sulkiS isaulavE laoS isik ................................ .......................... 64

1 lebaT 0 . isiK - isik tnemanruoT II sulkiS ................................ ........................... 65

isiK .11 lebaT -k II sulkiS isaulavE laoS isi ................................ ........................ 66

.21 lebaT lisaH tnemanruoT ajeM reP tnemanruoT I sulkiS .............................. 67

.31 lebaT lisaH tnemanruoT kopmoleK reP I sulkiS ................................ ........... 77

.41 lebaT lisaH I sulkiS awsiS nafitkaeK natamagneP ................................ ....... 08

ebaT .51 l lisaH nemanruoT t ajeM reP tnemanruoT II sulkiS ............................. 39

.61 lebaT lisaH nemanruoT t kopmoleK reP II sulkiS ................................ ......... 59

.71 lebaT II sulkiS awsiS nafitkaeK natamagneP lisaH ................................ ..... 99

.81 lebaT I sulkiS kopmoleK naagrahgneP ................................ ......................... 01 4

.91 lebaT II sulkiS kopmoleK naagrahgneP ................................ ........................ 01 5

.02 lebaT awsiS nafitkaeK sisilanA ................................ ................................ .... 01 6

.12 lebaT MKK iapacneM gnay esatnesreP ................................ ....................... 01 7

.22 lebaT sisilanA awsiS nafitkaeK natamagneP ................................ ............... 701


ivx

RABMAG RATFAD

.1 rabmaG taluB nagnaliB siraG ................................ ................................ ........ 13

.2 rabmaG taluB nagnaliB nawaL siraG ................................ ............................ 14

.3 rabmaG ahalmujneP 8 = 5 + 3 n ................................ ................................ ..... 18

.4 rabmaG nahalmujneP - + 3 - = 5 - 8 ................................ .............................. 18

.5 rabmaG ( + 3 nahalmujneP - = ) 5 - 2 ................................ ............................ 91

.6 rabmaG nahalmujneP – 2 = 5 + 3 ................................ ................................ .. 91

.7 rabmaG 3 nagnarugneP – = 5 - 2 ................................ ................................ .... 20

.8 rabmaG : nagnarugneP - 3 – ( - 2 = ) 5 ................................ .......................... 21

3 nagnarugneP .9 rabmaG – ( - 8 = )5 ................................ ................................ 21

nagnarugneP .01 rabmaG - 3 – = 5 - 8 ................................ ............................... 22

.11 rabmaG niameP isisoP tnemanruoT ................................ ............................. 35

ileneP ledoM .21 rabmaG nait traggaT .CM nibboR nad simmeK ....................... 15


iivx

NARIPMAL RATFAD

1 naripmaL . subaliS ................................ ................................ ......................... 11 7

2 naripmaL . narajalebmeP naanaskaleP anacneR ................................ ............. 121

1.2 . naanaskaleP anacneR I sulkiS narajalebmeP ............................... 1 22

2.2 . ajreK rabmeL I sulkiS awsiS ................................ ...................... 1 92

3.2 . I sulkiS awsiS ajreK rabmeL nabawaJ icnuK .............................. 1 13

laoS utraK .4.2 tnemanruoT I sulkiS ................................ ................. 231

nabawaJ icnuK utraK .5.2 tnemanruoT I sulkiS ................................ . 531

.2 .6 kaleP anacneR II sulkiS narajalebmeP naanas ............................. 31 8

.2 .7 II sulkiS awsiS ajreK rabmeL ................................ ..................... 1 54

.2 .8 II sulkiS awsiS ajreK rabmeL nabawaJ icnuK ............................ 41 7

laoS utraK .9.2 tnemanruoT II sulkiS ................................ ................ 841

nabawaJ icnuK utraK .01.2 tnemanruoT II aulkiS ............................ 151

3 naripmaL . wsiS amaN ratfaD 2102/1102 narajaleP nuhaT VI saleK a ............ 41 4

4 naripmaL . akitametaM narajaleP ataM tropaR ialiN ................................ ...... 41 5

5 naripmaL . amaN ratfaD ................................ ................................ ................. 1 65

.1.5 II nad I sulkiS rajaleB kopmoleK amaN ratfaD ........................ 1 75

.2.5 kopmoleK amaN ratfaD tnemanruoT I sulkiS .......................... 1 85

.3.5 kopmoleK amaN ratfaD nruoT tnema II sulkiS ......................... 1 95

naripmaL 6. naitileneP lisaH ................................ ................................ ............ 1 06

.1.6 lisaH nagnidnabreP tnemanruoT II sulkiS nad I sulkiS ............. 1 16

.2.6 I sulkis isaulavE lisaH ................................ .............................. 1 26

.3.6 II sulkiS isaulavE lisaH ................................ ............................ 1 36

.4.6 II sulkiS nad I sulkiS isaulavE lisaH nagnidnabreP .................. 1 46

.5.6 lkiS naitileneP lisaH II nad I su ................................ ................. 1 56

naripmaL 7. natamagneP lisaH ................................ ................................ ......... 1 66

1.7 . naanuggneP natamagneP ledoM

epiT fitarepooK narajalebmeP TGT I sulkiS ............................... 1 76

.7 2. ledoM naanuggneP natamagneP lisaH

epiT fitarepooK narajalebmeP TGT II sulkiS ............................. 1 96

.7 3. tkaeK lisaH nagnidnabreP rajaleB nafi awsiS


iiivx

II sulkiS nad I sulkiS ................................ ................................ .. 1 17

.7 4. edoteM naanuggneP lisaH nagnidnabreP

epiT fitarepooK TGT sulkiS II sulkiS nad I ................................ 1 27

naripmaL 8. isatnemukoD ................................ ................................ ................ 1 37

.1.8 malaD rajaleB awsiS kopmoleK ................................ ............... 371

.2.8 nakukaleM awsiS tnemanruoT ................................ ................. 671

.3.8 ajregneM awsiS isaulavE nak ................................ .................... 771

.4.8 awsiS naagrahgneP amireneM ................................ ................ 871

naripmaL 9. naitileneP nizI nagnareteK taruS ................................ .................. 971

1 naripmaL 0. naitileneP nakukaleM haleT nagnareteK taruS ............................ 081


1

I BAB

NAULUHADNEP

.A halasaM gnakaleB rataL

ini nagnakaleB , irad ,nakitahrepid tagnas nakididnep utum natakgninep

halaS .iggnit halokes nakididnep iapmas rasad halokes nakididnep gnajnej

umli halada akitametam nakididneP .akitametam nakididnep halada aynutas

nagned aynnatiak tare tagnas anerak gnitnep tagnas gnay irahes napudihek -

numaN .sigol rikipreb kutnu awsis hitalem aguj tapad atres ,irah , narajalep

araP .gnaro nakaynabek igab hadum gnay narajalep atam halnakub akitametam

kaynab awhab iradaynem hagnenem halokes nupuam rasad halokes id urug

pisnirp nad pesnok nad pesnoK .awsis helo iasaukid tilus gnay akitametam

kiratret gnaruk asarem awsis gnaroes naktabikagnem tubesret tilus gnay pisnirp

naiapacnep adap tabikareb aggnihes ,akitametam narajalep atam padahret

t tubesret lah ragA .kiab gnaruk aynrajaleb isatserp akam ,natujnalekreb kadi

.akitametam narajalebmep malad awsis naupmamek natakgninep aynada ulrep

kutnU akitametam narajalebmep malad awsis naupmamek naktakgninem

rotkaf iuhatekid surah uluhad hibelret - awsis nakbabeynem gnay rotkaf

malad natilusek imalagnem akam uti anerak helO .akitametam narajalep atam

naitilenep nakukalem naka itilenep p , lid tubesret naitilene a kuk a iregeN DS id n

.VI salek aynsusuhk nasereD D id nakrajaid gnay akitametam narajalep mala

rtemoeg ,nagnalib pukacnem VI salek arukugnep nad i n aM . iret - tubesret iretam

natamagnep nakrasadreB .awsis irajalepid tilus gnay alup ada hadum gnay ada


2

ukal itilenep gnay k helo tilus paggnaid hisam gnay iretam tubesret DS id na

kaynab nagnalib iretam halada awsis .

S nakiaseleynem malad natilusek imalagnem awsi nagnarugnep isarepo

VI salek awsis nagnalu ialin nahelorep irad tahilret tubesret laH .talub nagnalib

MKK sata id ialin helorepmem muleb awsis %05 utiay 1102/0102 nuhat

56 rasebes ini amaleS . , ledom nakanuggnem MBK sesorp malad urug

fitarepook narajalebmep uti laH .lamiskam muleb aynnaanaskalep ipatet

malad ajrekeb awsis taas tahilret kopmolek haletes ,urug helo uatnapid kadit

malad iridnes ajrekeb nakraibid awsis ,raja iretam naksalejnem iaseles urug

kopmolek gnisam ayn - y awsis aparebeb ada aggnihes ,gnisam tuki kadit gna

gnay aynnamet nagned uarugreb aynah ipatet SKL nakiaseleynem ajrekeb

uggnaggnem nad salek malad id hudag anasaus naktabikagnem kopmolek nial

huggnusreb gnay - nakukalid aynasaib tubesret laH .SKL nakajregnem huggnus

gnay awsis helo .asib kadit sagut aumes nakhareynem nad ayacrep akereM -

malad sagut kopmolek namet adapek - aggnihes ,iadnap gnay aynnamet

akerem anerak ,idajret tapad tubesret laH .sugab gnay ialin helorepmem

nakajregnem awhab napaggnareb uata naka itsap SKL nakajregnem kadit

tapadnem es namet nagned amas gnay ialin kopmolek .ayn ,uti anerak helO

kutnu isavitomret gnaruk ini narajalep atam malad gnanes kadit gnay awsis

.naksaumem kadit aynisatserp nahelorep adap tabikareb gnay aynitukignem

nad tubesret halasam aynlucnum gnakaleb ratal iuhategnem nagneD

malad lamiskam kadit urug anerak idajret tubesret halasam tagnignem

malad fitka gnaruk awsis nad fitarepook narajalebmep edotem nakanuggnem


3

akgninem nigni itilenep akam ,narajalebmep itukignem naupmamek nakt

naktakgninem atres talub nagnalib nagnarugnep isarepo nakiaseleynem

ledom nakanuggnem nagned narajalebmep itukignem malad awsis nafitkaek

epit fitarepook narajalebmep maeT s .)TGT( tnemanruoT semaG

,naniamrep ainud halada kana ainuD ynem kana nagned ,naniamrep iaku

reb tapad akerem ,aynnafitkaak nakrulaynem tapad akerem niamreb ,adnac

t tre ,awa b nad er aribmeg namet amasreb - .aynnamet narajalebmep ledoM

epit fitarepook TGT tapad gnay narajalebmep ledom utas halas nakapurem ini

nu awsis nakfitkagnem anerak narajalebmep itukignem malad fitka tabilret kut

,kimedaka naniamrep haubes ada ini ledom narajalebmep irad rihka pahat

iakuynem kadit gnay awsis aggnihes nad naka akitametam asib kadit

.narajalebmep itukignem kutnu isavitomret/kiratret

M nay taafna ajalebmep ledom akij tapadid g nakukalid tubesret nar aratna

anerak narajalebmep itukignem malad nasob asarem naka kadit awsis nial

namet utnabmem gnilas/amas ajrekeb awsis kopmolek imalagnem gnay rajaleb

uti nialeS .iretam utaus irajalepmem malad natilusek tapad aguj awsis

utiay naniamrep haubes malad aynnaupmamek nakgnabmuynem tnemanruot

irad arates naupmamek nagned awsis naktabilem gnay kopmolek adebreb gnay

,uti anerak helO .narajalebmep itukignem isavitomret nikames awsis aggnihes

adnit naitilenep malad natakgnineP“ luduj libmagnem itilenep ini salek nak

nad nafitkaeK naupmameK M nagnaliB nagnarugneP isarepO nakiaseleyne

epiT fitarepooK narajalebmeP ledoM nakanuggneM taluB TGT awsiS adap

narajaleP nuhaT 2 retsemeS nasereD iregeN rasaD halokeS VI saleK


4

102 ,ini naitilenep aynada nagneD .”2101/1 d tabilret tapad awsis nakparahi

araces a isarepo nakiaseleynem tapad nad narajalebmep itukignem malad fitk

arugnep talub nagnalib nagn .

.B halasaM isakifitnedI

.1 narajalebmep ledom nakanuggnem malad lamiskam gnaruk uruG

.fitarepook

.2 .talub nagnalib nagnarugnep isarepo nakiaseleynem malad natilusek awsiS

.3 narajalebmep itukignem malad fitka kadit awsiS

.4 .narajalebmep itukignem malad isavitomret kadit awsiS

.5 salam awsiS .SKL nakajregnem malad

.6 .MKK hawab id gnay kaynab hisam awsis nagnalu ialiN

.C halasaM nasatabmeP

halada ini naitilenep malad isatabid naka gnay halasaM natakgninep

talub nagnalib nagnarugnep isarepo narajalebmep amales awsis nafitkaek

gnusgnalreb bes atres , amales awsis nafitkaek natakgninep iggnit apare

P .talub nagnalib nagnarugnep isarepo narajalebmep naupmamek natakgnine

ledom nakanuggnem talub nagnalib nagnarugnep isarepo nakiaseleynem

epit fitarepook narajalebmep TGT nasereD iregeN DS VI salek awsis adap

ad ,2102/1102 narajalep nuhat 2 retsemes natakgninep iggnit aparebes n

naupmamek nakanuggnem talub nagnalib nagnarugnep isarepo nakiaseleynem

epit fitarepook narajalebmep ledom TGT .


5

.D halasaM nasumuR

sata id naiaru iraD iagabes naksumurid tapad ini naitilenep halasam ,

:tukireb

.1 epit fitarepook narajalebmep ledom hakapA“ TGT naktakgninem tapad

nagnalib nagnarugnep isarepo narajalebmep amales awsis nafitkaek

”?talub

.2 ” natakgninep iggnit apareB alebmep amales awsis nafitkaek naraj isarepo

narajalebmep ledom naanuggnep iulalem talub nagnalib nagnarugnep

epit fitarepook TGT ”?

.3 epit fitarepook narajalebmep ledom naanuggnep hakapA“ TGT tapad

naupmamek naktakgninem nagnalib nagnarugnep isarepo nakiaseleynem

N DS VI salek awsis talub narajaleP nuhaT 2 retsemeS nasereD irege

”?2102/1102

.4 natakgninep iggnit apareB“ naupmamek isarepo nakiaseleynem

narajalebmep ledom naanuggnep iulalem talub nagnalib nagnarugnep

epit fitarepook TGT 2 retsemes nasereD iregeN DS VI salek awsis adap

”?2102/1102 narajalep nuhat

.E naitileneP naujuT

:halada ini naitilenep irad naujuT

.1 epit fitarepook narajalebmep ledom naanuggnep hakapa iuhategnem kutnU

TGT narajalebmep nataigek malad awsis nafitkaek naktakgninem tapad

.nagnalib nagnarugnep isarepo


6

.2 narajalebmep ledom naanuggnep anam huajes iuhategnem kutnU

nataigek malad awsis nafitkaek naktakgninem tapad TGT epit fitarepook

nagnarugnep isarepo narajalebmep .talub nagnalib

.3 epit fitarepook narajalebmep ledom naanuggnep hakapa iuhategnem kutnU

TGT naupmamek naktakgninem tapad nagnarugnep isarepo nakiaseleynem

nuhaT 2 retsemeS nasereD iregeN DS VI salek awsis talub nagnalib

.”2102/1102 narajaleP

.4 iuhategnem kutnU narajalebmep ledom naanuggnep anam huajes

epit fitarepook TGT naupmamek naktakgninem tapad nakiaseleynem

nasereD iregeN DS VI salek awsis talub nagnalib nagnarugnep isarepo

.”2102/1102 narajaleP nuhaT 2 retsemeS

.F naitileneP taafnaM

.1 urug igaB

tapaD natilusek nakumenem - imalaid gnay natilusek awsis nakumenem nad

tubesret halasam isatagnem kutnu isulos ledom nakanuggnem nagned utiay ,

epit fitarepook narajalebmep TGT .

.2 B iga awsis

naupmamek aggnihes ,nakgnaneynem gnay narajalebmep itukignem tapaD

aseleynem nagnarugnep isarepo naki nagnalib talub .takgninem tapad

.3 itilenep igaB

halasam isatagnem gnatnet namalagnep nad nauhategnep habmanem tapaD

k salek id narajalebmep malad ada gnay h .akitametam narajalep aynsusu


7

.G halasaM nahacemeP

epit fitarepook narajalebmep ledom nakanuggnem nagneD TGT nakparahid

tapad nagnarugnep isarepo narajalebmep amales awsis nafitkaek naktakgninem

gnusgnalreb talub nagnalib tapad nad , naupmamek naktakgninem

ap talub nagnalib nagnarugnep isarepo nakiaseleynem DS VI salek awsis ad

2102/1102 narajalep nuhat nasereD iregeN

.H naitregneP nasataB

malaD naitilenep :halada nakanug ayas gnay naitregnep nasatab ini

.1 halada nafitkaeK f araces awsis nakukalid gnay sativitka/nataigek i nad kis

kisifnon D . awsis nagne ai gnusgnal araces ketkarp/taubreb/nakukalem

,fitingok naupmamek itrepes ,nagnutnuek iagabreb naktapadnem

.kirotomokisp naupmamek nad ,fitkefa naupmamek

.2 halada naupmameK awsis ikilimid gnay napuggnasek/aganet/nataukek

savitom taukrepmem kutnu rasad iagabes .utauses nakukalem kutnu i

.3 ,4,3,2,1 utiay ilsa nagnalib irad iridret gnay nagnalib halada talub nagnaliB

utiay ilsa nagnalib nawal nad ,0 nagnalib ,tsd … - ,1 - ,2 - ,3 - .tsd … ,4

.4 halada fitarepook narajalebmep ledoM id rajaleb arac gnilas awsis anam

utnabmem gnilas nad halasam utaus nakhacemem kutnu edi rakutreb

malad rajaleb natilusek imalagnem gnay namet kopmolek - kopmolek licek

nad nimalek sinej ,naupmamek namagarek( satinegoreteh ikilimem gnay

)ukus .


8

.5 arepooK narajalebmep ledoM epiT fit TGT narajalebmep ledom halada

fitarepook amasreb naujut iapacnem kutnu gnay kopmolek malad

,kopmolek ajrek ,salek isatneserp utiay nenopmok amil irad iridret

,naniamrep tnemanruot utiay pahat tapme irad iridret nad naagrahgnep ,

kutneb malad naniamrep ,kopmolek ajrek ,salek isatneserp tnemanruot ,

.naagrahgnep nad

naktakgninem halada ini ispirks luduj irad naitregnep ,idaJ nad nafitkaek

nagned nagnubuhreb gnay awsis rajaleb lisah nagnalib nagnarugnep isarepo

arac nagned nagnarugnep nad nahalmujnep naktabilem gnay talub awsis

,urug nasalejnep nakitahrepmem malad amas ajrekeb gnilas ,kopmolek

itukignem kimedaka naniamrep kutneb malad nemanruot t , nagned irihkaid nad

grahgnep nairebmep .naa


9

II BAB

IROET NASADNAL

bab adaP iroet nakrapamem naka itilenep ini - reb gnay iroet natiak nagned

iroet ,naitilenep - tapad ayapus ilha arap irad pituk itilenep tubesret iroet

iroeT .ini naitilenep gnukudnem - naijak itupilem nakrapap itilenep naka gnay iroet

gnay akatsup naijak nupadA .nakadnit sisetopih nad ,rikipreb akgnarek ,akatsup

rapapid naka ,awsis nafitkaek ,naupmamek naitregnep itupilem ini bab malad nak

epit fitarepook narajalebmep ,fitarepook ledom ,akitametam narajalep TGT nad ,

epit fitarepook ledom nagned akitametam narajalebmep TGT .

.A akatsuP naijaK

.1 awsiS nafitkaeK

nakapurem rajaleB nakub ,awsis nakukalid gnay nataigek utaus

uti babes helO .awsis padahret nakukalid gnay utauses , rajaleb nataigek

MBK malaD .)5:8002,eiL( fitka araces awsis naktabilem aynkiabes ,

,kisif nafitkaek utiay macam 4 idajnem nakadebid tapad kana nafitkaek

tkaek lanoisome nafitkaek nad ,lautkeletni nafitkaek ,latnem nafi . H la

naupmamek ,fitingok naupmamek helorepmem kutnu anugreb tubesret

malaD .)681:7891,ayajiW( kirotomokisp naupmamek nad ,fitkefa

narajalebmep , keybus nakapurem awsis nad ,nakididnep malad amatu

s .licek asawed aisunam halnakub awsi rajagnem rajaleb nataigek akaM

ada )12:7991( namsU turuneM .fitka araces awsis naktabilem surah

.awsis rajaleb sativitka ilakes kaynab :utiay aynaratna id aparebeB


01

.a nakukalem ,silunem ,acabmem itrepes ,lausiv sativitkA nad ,nemirepskeisartsnomed

.b ,isuksid ,bawaj aynat ,kajas acabmem ,atirecreb itrepes ,nasil sativitkAiynaynem

.c ,urug nasalejnep naktragnednem itrepes nakragnednem sativitkAnaharagnep ,hamarec

.d ,sikulem ,iranem ,kitelta ,manes itrepes ,kareg sativitkA naniamrep

.e taubmem ,halakam taubmem ,gnaragnem itrepes ,silunem sativitkA .tarus

naktabilem nagned nakukalid narajalebmep akij nagnutnuek kaynaB

: itrepes ,awsis nafitkaek

.a adap ada gnay naupmamek kepsa aumes nakgnabmegnem tapad awsiS

upmamek utiay aynirid naupmamek nad fitkefa naupmamek ,fitingok na

.kirotomokisp

.b isavitom itrepes ,aynlatnem natabilretek naktakgninem tapad awsiS

kutnu natapmesek tapadnem awsis ,takgninem MBK malad awsis

amasajrekeb tapad nad ,halasam utaus irad iridnes nabawaj iracnem

nagned .salekes namet

.c MBK anerak ,gnusgnal araces fitamrof naialinep nakukalem tapad uruG

.hara aud isakinumok nakanuggnem nagned nakanaskalid

.d poes narajalebmep anacner nusuynem naka uruG lamit ,nikgnum

poes aynnaupmamek nakgnabmegnem tapad awsis aggnihes lamit

.aynurug helo nususid halet gnay MBK iulalem nikgnum

091:7891,ayajiW( - )191

nakparahid narajalebmep akam ,sata id taafnam naiaru irad tahiliD

tapad nakatakid narajalebmep ,awsis nafitkaek naktabilem tapad

awsis naktabilem hujut ikilimem akij fitka araces :tukireb iagabes isnemid


11

.a rajaleb nataigek naujut nakutnenem malad awsis naatrestukieK

rajagnem

.b narajagnep malad fitkefa kepsa nakamatugneM

.c malad amaturet rajagnem rajaleb nataigek malad awsis naatrestukieK

salekes namet nagned iskaretni

.d urug naamireneP gnaruk gnay awsis nagnabmus nad nataubrep padahret

halas gnay uata naveler

.e salek utaus malad nakapmokek aynadA

.f .nasutupek libmagnem kutnu awsis adapek nakirebid gnay natapmeseK

881:7891,ayajiW( - )981

awhab naklupmisid tapad ,sata id tapadnep aparebeb iraD nafitkaek

nad kisif araces awsis nakukalid gnay sativitka/nataigek halada awsis

,rajaleb sesorp malad gnitnepret lah nakapurem tubesret laH .kisifnon

awsis gnusgnal araces ketkarp/taubreb/nakukalem awsis nagned anerak

repes ,nagnutnuek iagabreb naktapadnem ,fitingok naupmamek it

p aggnihes ,kirotomokisp naupmamek nad ,fitkefa naupmamek nauhategne

.aynnatagni malad gnalih hadum naka kadit tubesret naktapad awsis gnay

.2 naupmameK naitregneP

turuneM sumaK B rase aisenodnI asahaB )707:5002( naupmamek

nakapurem asek irid nagned ahasureb atik ,nataukek ,napakacek ,napuggn

.iridnes utaus nakapurem naupmamek )11:2002( sankidpeD turuneM

nakgnadeS .sativitka nakukalem malad awsis ikilimid gnay napakacek

utauses halada naupmamek )89:6002( itnayamaD malad sknoM turunem


21

gnay sagut nakukalem kutnu kana isavitom taukrepmem tapad - sagut

.nagnabmekrep

gnay napuggnasek/aganet/nataukek halada naupmamek idaJ ikilimid

.utauses nakukalem kutnu isavitom taukrepmem kutnu rasad iagabes awsis

.3 akitametaM narajaleP ataM

.a naitregneP akitametaM

9991( idajdeoS .R 57: - 67 : tukireb iagabes akitametam nakisinifednem )

)1 nad kaske gnay nauhategnep umli gnabac halada akitametaM

.kitametsis araces risinagroret

)2 nagnalib gnatnet aisunam nauhategnep naigab halada akitametaM

nad .isaluklak

)3 itametaM akigol nad naralanep gnatnet nauhategnep umli halada ak

halasam nad - .nagnalib nagned natiakreb gnay halasam

)4 atkaf nagned naanekreb akitametaM - halasam nad fitatitnauk atkaf -

.kutneb nad gnaur gnatnet halasam

alop )7:0791( llessuR dnartreB malad 2102 olisuS snarF turuneM

irad lakgnapreb utiay fitkuded halada akitametam malad rikip

has araces nakitkubmem kutnu isinifed nad amoiska takgnarepes

naranebek - turuneM .sitametam naranebek 2791( gnisiR nad nosnhoJ 3: )

lad ,rikipreb alop halada akitametam awhab nakatagnem aynukub ma

.kigol gnay naitkubmep nad ,nakisasinagrognem alop nakgnadeS

awhab ,nakatagnem aynukub malad )3:3791( enilK turunem


31

imahamem malad aisunam utnabmem kutnu taafnamreb uti akitametam

p isatagnem nad .mala nad imonoke ,laisos nahalasamre

naitregnep nakrasadreB - naklupmisid tapad sata id naitregnep

,nagnalib gnatnet nauhategnep umli utaus halada akitametam awhab

aynnaiaseleynep malad nad ,kutneb atres gnaur ,isaluklak

gnihes atayn gnay itkub nakhutubmem aisunam utnabmem tapad ag

irahes napudihek malad idajret gnay halasam isatagnem malad - .irah

.b taluB nagnaliB

utiay ilsa nagnalib irad iridret gnay nagnalib halada talub nagnaliB

utiay ilsa nagnalib nawal nad ,lon nagnalib ,tsd ... ,3 ,2 ,1 - ,1 - ,2 - ... ,3

.tsd nagnalib sirag malad nakrabmagid tapad tubesret talub nagnaliB

:ini tukireb itrepes

talub nagnalib sirag .1 rabmaG

nagnalib nakitahrepid akiJ - nanak halebes id katelret gnay nagnalib

nagnalib irad nawal nakapurem lon kitit - id katelret gnay nagnalib

nagnaliB .lon irik halebes - nakatakid tapad tubesret nagnalib

( + a ,lon ialin naklisahgnem nakhalmujid alibapa ,nanawalreb - .0 = ) a

:hotnoC

halada 1 irad nawal – ( + 1 babes ,1 - 0 = ) 1

irad nawal – babes ,2 halada 2 - 0 = 2 + 2

0 = 0 + 0 babes ,0 halada 0 irad nawal

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5


41

: tukireb iagabes nakrabmagid tapad talub nagnalib nawaL

talub nagnalib nawal sirag .2 rabmaG

nakanug atik kaynab talub nagnalib isarepo ajagnes kadit araceS

irahes napudihek malad - ,ujam ,halak ,gnanem halitsi itrepes ,irah

.ayniagabes nial nad maid ,nurut ,kian ,rudnum ataK - tapad tubesret atak

id kopmolek nakanugid asaib gnay ataK .sinej 2 malad nak malad

,kian ,gnutnu ,gnanem ,ujam utiay fitisop talub nagnalib naanuggnep

nakanugid asaib gnay atak naD .ayniagabes nad ,nanak ek ,gnubanem

,nurut ,igur ,halak ,rudnum atak utiay fitagen talub nagnalib malad

atak atres ,ayniagabes nad ,irik ek ,majnimem nakanugid asaib gnay

.ayniagabes nad ,itnehreb ,patet utiay ,lon nagnalib malad

.c taluB nagnaliB nagnarugneP nad nahalmujneP isarepO narajagneP

nad ulrep uti pesnok/iretam lafahgnem narajalebmep utaus malaD

aneraK .pesnok/iretam imahamem igal gnitnep hibel ipatet gnitnep

mahap kana ualak ipatet apul hadum hibel naka kana lafahgnem nagned

ayntagnignem ulales naka nakhab apul tapec naka kadit akerem utigeB .

awsis ,talub nagnalib nagnarugnep nad nahalmujnep isarepo malad aguj

nagnalib isarepo gnatnet raneb gnay pesnok aynada nakmanatid ulrep

raneb awsis ayapus ,talub - pesnok gnatnet mahap raneb - malad pesnok

nakukalid tapad tubesret laH .talub nagnalib sirag naanuggnep nagned

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5


51

.talub nagnalib isarepo narajagnep malad nagnalib tafis nupadA - tafis

apid surah gnay /imah nagnalib isarepo naiaseleynep malad itregnemid

:nial aratna tubesret talub

)1 tafiS - talub nagnalib nahalmujnep isarepo tafis

)a pututret tafisreB

pA aynlisah akam nakhabmatid talub nagnalib haub aud aliba

.aguj talub nagnalib halada

c ; c = b + a akam talub nagnalib halada b nad a aguj nagnalib

talub .

)talub nagnalib halada 9 nad ,5 ,4( 9 = 5 + 4 : hotnoc

)b fitatumok tafiS

a + b = b + a

hotnoC 7 = 5 + 2 = 2 + 4 :

)c fitaisosA tafiS

) c + b ( + a = c + ) b + a (

21 = ) 4 + 3 ( + 5 = 4 + ) 3 + 5( : hotnoC

)d nahalmujnep padahret satitnedi rusnU

padahret larten uata satitnedi rusnu tubesid )0( lon nagnaliB

.nahalmujnep

a = a + 0 = 0 + a

oC 6 = 6 + 0 = 0 + 6 : hotn

)e nahalmujnep padahret srevni rusnU

halada a irad )nawal( halmuj srevnI -a


61

irad )nawal( halmuj srevnI – a halada a

( + a - ( = )a - a + )a

( + 5 : hotnoc - ( = )5 - 0 = 5 + )5

)2 tafiS - talub nagnalib nagnarugnep isarepo tafis

)a pututret tafiS

nagnalib halada talub nagnalib nagnarugnep isarepo irad lisaH

padahret pututret tafisreb talub nagnalib akam ,aguj talub

.nagnarugnep isarepo

5 : hotnoC – )talub nagnalib nakapurem 2 nad ,3 ,5( 2 = 3

)b fitatumok tafiS

talub nagnalib nagnarugnep isarepo adaP tafis ukalreb kadit

,fitatumok a anerak – b = b – .a

: hotnoC

3 – 5 = 5 – 3

- 2 = 2

)c fitaisossa tafiS

talub nagnalib nagnarugnep isarepo adaP tafis ukalreb kadit

,fitaisosa a ( anerak – ) b – a = c – b ( – ) c

: hotnoC

8 ( – ) 4 – 8 = 2 – 4 ( – ) 2

4 - 8 = 2 – 2

6 = 2


71

tafis nialeS - surah gnitnep halak kadit gnay lah ,tubesret tafis

d nahalmujnep isarepo malad nakitahrepid nagnalib nagnarugnep na

:tukireb iagabes halada nagnalib sirag nakanuggnem talub

)a ,rudnum nakataynid tapad talub nagnalib nagnarugnep isarepO

.ayngnarugnep nagnalib nagned nanawalreb hakgnalem utiay

)b ek hakgnalem nakataynid tapad fitisop talub nagnaliB nanak

.nagnalib sirag adap

)c irik ek hakgnalem nakataynid tapad fitagen talub nagnaliB

.nagnalib sirag adap

)d kitit adap ialumid ulales naalumrep kitiT 0 .

nagnalib nagnarugnep nad nahalmujnep isarepo malad iretam nupadA

:tukireb iagabes halada talub

: hotnoC

)a nahalmujneP fitisop talub nagnalib aud

n = 5 + 3 :hotnoC

:bawaJ

ek nautas 3 hakgnalem nagned utiay ,5 + 3 isarepo naiaseleynep kutnU

ujam itrareb ,habmatid( lon irad nanak nagned haraes hakgnalem

kgnal 5 aynhabmanep nagnalib )aynhabmanep nagnalib nanak ek ha

2 ek hakgnal gnuju adap katelret gnay akgna halada aynlisah akam

.8 utiay


81

.3 rabmaG 8 = 5 + 3 nahalmujnep

)b fitagen talub nagnalib aud nahalmujneP

:hotnoC - ( + 3 - n = )5

:bawaJ

isarepo naiaseleynep kutnU - ( + 3 - nautas 3 hakgnalem nagned utiay ,)5

ujam itrareb ,habmatid( lon irad irik ek nagned haraes hakgnalem

aynhabmanep nagnalib )aynhabmanep nagnalib - akam irik ek hakgnal 5

utiay 2 ek hakgnal gnuju adap katelret gnay akgna halada aynlisah - .8

nahalmujnep .4 rabmaG - + 3 - = 5 - 8

)c fitagen talub nagnalib nad fitisop talub nagnalib nahalmujneP

( + 3 :hotnoC - n = )5

:bawaJ

( + 3 isarepo naiaseleynep kutnU - nautas 3 hakgnalem nagned utiay ,)5

nagned haraes hakgnalem ujam itrareb ,habmatid( lon irad nanak ek

8 = n

5 8

-4 -5 8 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 7 -6 -7 -8

3 8

-4 -5 8 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 7 -6 -7 -8

-5 - 3

8

= n - 8


91

aynhabmanep nagnalib )aynhabmanep nagnalib - akam irik ek hakgnal 5

hakgnal gnuju adap katelret gnay akgna halada aynlisah utiay 2 ek - .2

( + 3 nahalmujnep .5 rabmaG - = )5 -2

)d nagnalib nad fitagen talub nagnalib nahalmujneP fitisop talub

:hotnoC - n = 5 + 3

:bawaJ

isarepo naiaseleynep kutnU - nautas 3 hakgnalem nagned utiay ,)5( + 3

nagned haraes hakgnalem ujam itrareb ,habmatid( lon irad irik ek

nanak ek hakgnal 5 aynhabmanep nagnalib )aynhabmanep nagnalib

halada aynlisah akam 2 ek hakgnal gnuju adap katelret gnay akgna

.2 utiay

nahalmujnep .6 rabmaG – 2 = 5 + 3

amas ayniretam ,talub nagnalib nagnarugnep adap iretam ayntujnaleS

:utiay ,talub nagnalib nagnarugnep adap iretam nagned

)a fitisop talub nagnalib aud nagnarugneP

3 :hotnoC – n = 5

-4 -5 8 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 7 -6 -7 -8

-4 -5 8 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 7 -6 -7 -8

2 = n

- 5 8 3

8

= n - 2

5 8 - 3

8

2 = n


02

:bawaJ

3 isarepo naiaseleynep kutnU - 3 hakgnalem utiay ,5 nanak ek nautas

,lon irad ialum hara nanawalreb hakgnalem rudnum = ignarukid(

ek hakgnal 5 ayngnarugnep nagnalib )ayngnarugnep nagnalib nagned

irik ek hakgnal 5 halada nanak ek hakgnal 5 irad nawal anerak ,nanak


utiay – .2

rabmaG 7 3 : nagnarugnep . – = 5 -2

)b nagnarugneP aud fitagen talub nagnalib

:hotnoC - 3 – (-5) n =

:bawaJ

isarepo naiaseleynep kutnU - 3 – (-5) k ek nautas 3 hakgnalem utiay , iri

lon irad ialum , hara nanawalreb hakgnalem rudnum = ignarukid(

ayngnarugnep nagnalib )ayngnarugnep nagnalib nagned fitagen 5

k ek hakgnal iri k , irik ek hakgnal 5 fitagen irad nawal anera 5 halada

k ek hakgnal nana katelret gnay akgna halada aynlisah akam gnuju adap

hakgnal utiay 2 ek .2

-4 -5 8 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 7 -6 -7 -8

3 8

= n - 2

5 8


12

rabmaG 8 : nagnarugnep . - 3 – (-5) = 2

)c nagnalib nagned fitisop talub nagnalib nagnarugneP fitagen talub

3 :hotnoC – (- n = )5

:bawaJ

3 isarepo naiaseleynep kutnU - (- 3 hakgnalem utiay ,)5 ek nautas

,lon irad ialum nanak hara nanawalreb hakgnalem rudnum = ignarukid(

ayngnarugnep nagnalib )ayngnarugnep nagnalib nagned - ek hakgnal 5

nanak ek hakgnal 5 halada irik ek hakgnal 5 irad nawal anerak ,irik


.8 utiay

rabmaG 9 3 nagnarugnep . – (- 8 = )5

)d fitisop talub nagnalib nagned fitagen talub nagnalib nagnarugneP

:hotnoC - 3 – n = 5

:bawaJ

isarepo naiaseleynep kutnU - 3 - nautas 3 hakgnalem utiay ,5 irik ek

,lon irad ialum hara nanawalreb hakgnalem rudnum = ignarukid(

-4 -5 8 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 7 -6 -7 -8

3 -5

8 = n

-4 -5 8 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 7 -6 -7 -8

- 3 8

-5

2


22

ek hakgnal 5 ayngnarugnep nagnalib )ayngnarugnep nagnalib nagned

irik ek hakgnal 5 halada nanak ek hakgnal 5 irad nawal anerak ,nanak


utiay - .8

1 rabmaG 0 nagnarugnep . - 3 – = 5 -8

adap nagnarugnep nad nahalmujnep isarepo naiaseleynep iraD

nagnalib :awhab naklupmisid tapad sata id talub

3 – = 5 3 ( + -5 ) utiay ,amas aynlisah aynaudek babes

–2

3 – (- 2 + 3 = )2 utiay ,amas aynlisah aynaudek babes

2

3 – (- )5 3 = + 5 utiay ,amas aynlisah aynaudek babes

8

- 3 - = 5 - 3 ( + -5) h aynaudek babes utiay ,amas aynlisa

-2

:ukalreb b nad a nagnalib gnarabmes kutnu uata

a - ( + a = b - )b

- a – (- = )b - b + a

a – (- b + a = )b

- a - = b - a ( + -b)

-4 -5 8 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 7 -6 -7 -8

= n - 8

5 8

- 3 8


32

nakatakid aguj tapad uatA m aynitra amas nagnalib utaus nakgnarugne

.ayngnarugnep nawal nagned uti nagnalib nakhalmujnem nagned

: hotnoC

.1 45 – … = 24

bawaJ : 45 – ( + 45 = 24 - )24

( + 24 + 21 = - )24

21 =

.2 - 79 – (- … = )38

bawaJ : - 79 – (- = )38 - 79 + 38

= - ( + 41 - + )38 38

= - 41

.3 68 – (- … = )35

68 : bawaJ – (- = )35 68 + 35

= 931

.4 - 78 – 45 … =

: bawaJ - 87 – = 45 - 87 ( + - 45 )

= - 231

.5 97 – 86 – ( - ) 54 … =

97 : bawaJ – 86 – (- ( + 97 = )54 - 54 + )86

( + 421 = - )86

( + 86 + 65 = - )86

65 =

.6 - 08 – (- )87 - … = 35

: bawaJ - 08 – (- )87 – = 35 - 08 + 87 + (- 35 )

= - 87 + 331

= - ( + 55 - 87 + )87


42

= - 55

.7 38 – (- )85 – … = 64

38 : bawaJ – (- )85 – 85 + 38 = 64 ( + - )64

= ( + 141 - )64

( + 64 + 59 = - )64

59 =

.8 - 89 – 66 – (- )43 … =

: bawaJ - 89 – 66 – (- = )34 - ( + 89 - )66 43 +

= - 43 + 461

= - ( + 031 - 43 + )43

43 =

.d natiluseK - isarepO adap awsiS imalaid gnires gnay natilusek

taluB nagnaliB nagnarugneP

tapadret hisam talub nagnalib nagnarugnep isarepo malaD

nahalasek nakukalem gnay awsis - aparebeb nakanerakid nahalasek

rotkaF .rotkaf - hisam awsis halada nial aratna duskamid gnay rotkaf

tafis nakanuggnem malad urilek - nagnalib nagnarugnep isarepo tafis

talub nakiaseleynem malad fitatumok tafis nakanuggnem awsis itrepes ,

ukalreb kadit tubesret tafis lahadap ,talub nagnalib nagnarugnep isarepo

iakapid aynah tubesret tafis ,talub nagnalib nagnarugnep isarepo malad

alaseK .talub nagnalib nahalmujnep isarepo kutnu gnay apures nah

nakiaseleynem malad fitaisosa tafis naanuggnep halada awsis nakukalid

kadit aguj tubesret tafis lahadap ,talub nagnalib nagnarugnep isarepo

aynah tubesret tafis ,talub nagnalib nagnarugnep isarepo malad ukalreb


52

lmujnep isarepo kutnu iakapid gnay nial nahalaseK .talub nagnalib naha

nakadebmem tapad tapad kadit awsis halada awsis nakukalid gnires

nad isarepo adnat aratna nakanerakid ,nagnalib adnat nad isarepo adnat

arac nupadA .kisif kutneb malad naadebrep ada kadit nagnalib adnat

debmem kutnu isarepo adap nagnalib adnat nad isarepo adnat naka

: tukireb iagabes halada talub nagnalib nagnarugnep

)1 a – ( adnat ,b ignarukid a acabid ,b - .isarepo adnat halada )

)2 a – ( - ( adnat ,b fitagen ignarukid a acabid ,) b - halada a gnakaleb id )

isarepo adnat ( adnat nakgnades , - kutnu adnat halada b naped id )

.nagnalib

)3 – a – ( adnat ,b ignarukid a fitagen acabid ,b - naped id katelret gnay )

( adnat nakgnades ,nagnalib kutnu adnat halada a - furuh gnakaleb id )

.isarepo adnat halada a

)4 – a – ( - n acabid ,) b ( adnaT .b fitagen ignarukid a fitage - gnay )

,nagnalib kutnu adnat halada b furuh nad a furuh naped id katelret

( adnat nakgnades - .isarepo adnat halada a furuh gnakaleb id )

.4 Mo ed l narajalebmeP fitarepooK

.a narajalebmeP naitregneP K fitarepoo

namsuR malad 7002 nivalS ( 102:0102 ,) awhab nakataynem

malad awsis nakkalaggnem fitarepook narajalebmep kopmolek kutnu

.fitisop nad fitka araces iskaretnireb nimilsuM turuneM 0002( 1: ,)

gnay narajalebmep natakednep nakapurem fitarepook narajalebmep

malad awsisratna amasajrek aynada nakamatugnem kopmolek kutnu


62

.narajalebmep naujut iapacnem sankidpeD malaD ( 8002 1: - )2 nakatakid

id narajalebmep kinket halada fitarepook narajalebmep awhab m ana

malad rajaleb/ajrekeb awsis kopmolek - kopmolek nagned licek

.nial amas utas utnabmem gnilas kutnu negotereh gnay naupmamek

itayahluruN turunem nakgnadeS namsuR malad ( 302:0102 ) ,

naktabilem gnay narajalebmep igetarts halada fitarepook narajalebmep

sitrap utas malad awsis isapi kopmolek .iskaretnireb gnilas kutnu licek

awhab naklupmiynem silunep sata id naataynrep aparebeb iraD

id rajaleb arac halada fitarepook narajalebmep gnilas awsis anam

utnabmem gnilas nad halasam utaus nakhacemem kutnu edi rakutreb

et malad rajaleb natilusek imalagnem gnay nam kopmolek - kopmolek

licek sinej ,naupmamek namagarek( satinegoreteh ikilimem gnay

)ukus nad nimalek .

.b rusnU - narajalebmeP ledoM rusnu ooK fitarep

regoR .rusnu aparebeb irad iridret fitarepook narajalebmep ledoM

D nad aparebeb nakiarugnem )13:8002( eiL atinA malad nosnhoJ diva

:tukireb iagabes takgnis araces fitarepook narajalebmep rusnu

)1 fitisoP nagnutnagreteK gnilaS

kiab nagned anaskalret tapad fitisop nagnutnagretek rusnU

gnorodret awsis anasaus nakatpicnem urug akij asarem kutnu

halini nakhutubmem gnilas gnay nagnubuH .nakhutubmem gnilas

gnilaS .fitisop nagnutnagretek nagned duskamid gnay

nakirebmem gnilas awsis akij idajret fitisop nagnutnagretek


72

gnay rajaleb lisah hiarem kutnu isavitom es po nikgnum lamit .

gnilas iulalem iapacid tapad tubesret nagnutnagretek gnilaS

malad nagnutnagretek gnilas ,naujut iapacnem nagnutnagretek

,rebmus uata nahab nagnutnagretek gnilas ,sagut nakiaseleynem

.haidah nagnutnagretek gnilas ,narep nagnutnagretek gnilas

nalisahrebeK kopmolek paites ahasu adap gnutnagret tagnas

nakatpicnem kutnU .aynatoggna kopmolek urug ,fitkefe gnay ajrek

atoggna paites aggnihes ,apur naikimedes sagut nusuynem ulrep

kopmolek asib raga iridnes aynsagut nakiaseleynem surah

laD .amasreb naujut iapacnem edotem ma wasgij atoggna halmuj ,

kopmolek ini atoggna tapmeek nad ajas gnaro tapme isatabid

ini atoggna tapmeeK .nanialreb gnay naigab acabmem isagutid

nagneD .isamrofni/tapadnep rakutreb nad lupmukreb naidumek

ggnatreb asarem atoggna paites akam ini arac kutnu bawaj gnu

.lisahreb tapad nial gnay raga aynsagut nakiaseleyem

)2 nagnaroesreP bawaJ gnuggnaT

rajaleb kutneb malad nakanaskalid fitarepook narajalebmeP

kopmolek kutnu naujutreb narajalebmep naikimed nupiksem ,

naasaugnep iuhategnem awsis araces narajalep iretam padahret

ayntujnales tubesret laudividni naialinep lisaH .laudividni

adapek urug nakiapmasid kopmolek aumes raga kopmolek

atoggna apais iuhategnem kopmolek nautnab nakulremem gnay

atoggna apais nad kopmolek ab nakirebmem tapad gnay .nautn


82

nialineP kopmolek atar sata nakrasadid - aumes naasaugnep atar

atoggna kopmolek .laudividni araces

)3 akuM pataT

malad umetreb gnilas kutnu awsis tutnunem akum pataT

kopmolek aynah kadit ,golaid nakulalem tapad akerem aggnihes

akum pataT .awsis amases nagned aguj ipatet ,urug nagned

rebmus idajnem gnilas tapad awsis naknikgnumem ini macames

gnisam nagnarukek isignem ,nahibelek naktaafnamem ,rajaleb -

debrep iagrahgnem nad gnisam hibel naka aguj ini ,naa

.rajaleb malad awsis nakhadumem

)4 atoggnaratnA isakinumoK

gnajnunem kutnu gnitnep tagnas atoggnaratna isakinumoK

awsis aumes kadit numaN .fitarepook narajalebmep nalisahrebek

h awsis uti kutnU .kiab gnay isakinumok naupmamek ikilimem sura

aynlasim ,isakinumokreb nalipmaretek iagabreb nagned ilakebid

haggnaynem ,napos nagned tapadnep nakaratugnem arac anamagab

gnaro naasarep gnuggniynem kadit nagned nial gnaro tapadnep

.nial

)5 kopmoleK sesorP isaulavE

vegnem kutnu lawdaj taubmem uruG ajrek sesorp isaula

kopmolek utkaw aparebeb haletes nakadaid isaulave utkaW . awsis

.fitarepook narajalebmep itukignem nakukalid ini isaulave sesorP

.kiab hibel amas ajrekeb tapad awsis raga


92

.c macaM - macam P narajalebme K fitarepoo

narajalebmep ledom amil nakrapamem ,)5:8002( dubkidpeD

narajalepatam aumes kutnu kococ narajalebmep ledom agiT .fitarepook

utiay ,salek aumes nad wasgiJ ,TGT ,DATS nial gnay ledom auD .

,utnetret narajalep atam kutnu iakapid CRIC acabmem narajagnep kutnu

ad II salek silunem n – III salek akitametam kutnu IAT nad IIIV - .IV

naagrahgnep nakparenem tuberet ledom aumeS kopmolek gnuggnat ,

numan ,lisahreb kutnu amas gnay natapmesek nad ,laudividni bawaj

adebreb gnay arac nagned nakukalid - .adeb

)1 smaeT tnedutS - emeveihcA )DATS( snoisiviD tn

malaD DATS malad igabid awsis , kopmolek - kopmolek gnay

nakatoggnareb tapme ,naupmamek naadebrep ikilimem gnay gnaro

epit fitarepook narajalebmep sesorP .ukus nad nimalek sinej DATS

ek narajalep iretam nakisatneserpmem urug nagned ialumid adap

naital nakajregnem awsis naidumeK .awsis - malad laos nahital

kopmolek atoggna aumes awhab nakitsamem kutnu kopmolek ayn

rihka sesorP .tubesret iretam iasaugnem hadus DATS halada

askalep an kadit awsis siuk naanaskalep taas adap ,udividni siuk na

las helob atar nagned nakgnidnabid awsis siuk rokS .utnabmem gni -

huaj aparebes nakrasadreb nakirebid niop ,ulal gnay akerem roks atar

nioP .uluhadret akerem ajrenik iuapmalem tapad awsis - uti niop

roks naktapadnem kutnu habmatid naidumek kopmolek nad


03

kopmolek - opmolek k airetirk ihunemem gnay - utnetret airetirk

.naagrahgnep naktapadnem

)2 smaeT - semaG - )TGT( tnemanruot

epiT fitarepooK narajalebmep ledoM TGT halada ledom

fitarepook narajalebmep malad amasreb naujut iapacnem kutnu

,salek isatneserp utiay nenopmok amil irad iridret gnay kopmolek

,naniamrep ,kopmolek ajrek tnemanruot nad , naagrahgnep nad

,kopmolek ajrek ,salek isatneserp utiay pahat tapme irad iridret

kutneb malad naniamrep emanruot tn .naagrahgnep nad ,

)3 wazgiJ

malaD wazgiJ nakutnebmep nagned ilawaid , kopmolek gnay

hibel gnaruk nakatoggnareb tapme gnay naupmamek nagned gnaro

aparebeb irad atoggna araP .negoreteh kopmolek adebreb gnay

( kopmolek gnilas nad amas gnay iretam utaus irajalepmem )rakap

ayntujnaleS .natilusek imalagnem gnay ada akij utnabmem

kopmolek ek ilabmek rakap kopmolek rajagnem kutnu alumes

iaseles haleteS .irajalepid halet gnay iretam gnatnet aynatoggna

araces isaulave nakadaid halet gnay iretam gnatnet laudividni

naagrahgnep nad roks nairebmeP .irajalepid kopmolek nakukalid

itrepes laudividni ialin natakgninep nagned iauses DATS .

)4 )IAT( noitcurtsnI detareleccA maeT

malaD ,IAT id awsis kopmolek nagned iauses nak

uruG .aynnaupmamek malad awsis adapek iretam nakirebmem

kopmolek - kopmolek laos nakiaseleynem awsis naidumek licek - laos


13

paites kutnu adebreb gnay kopmolek namet utnabmem tapad awsiS .

malad kopmolek .rajaleb natilusek imalagnem gnay ayn awsiS surah

laudividni namahamep ikilimem naka aynlisah anerak gnatam gnay

isatneserp irad lisaH .udividni set naktujnalid nad nakisatneserpid

rihka lisah idajnem naklupmukid udividni set nad kopmolek .

naktapadnem naka iggnitret roks helorepmem gnay kopmoleK

.naagrahgnep

)5 detargetnI evitarepooC )CRIC( noitisopmoC dna gnidaeR

CRIC narajagnep kutnu narajalebmep ledom nakapurem

II id silunem nad acabmem - malaD .IIIV CRIC malad igabid awsis

kopmolek malad amas gnay namahamep natapecek ikilimem gnay

malad nataigeK .acabmem kopmolek k hanar naktabilem ,fitingo

iskiderp taubmem ,sket nakacabmem gnilas awsis - gnatnet iskiderp

napaggnat silunem ,tubesret naacab irad fitaran atirec rihka -

irad naujuT .naajegnep ketkarp ,atirec padahret napaggnat CRIC ini

edi iracnem malad awsis hitalem kutnu halada - malad amatu edi

.naacab

.5 ledoM epiT fitarepooK narajalebmeP TGT

.a narajalebmeP naitregneP K epiT fitarepoo TGT

epiT fitarepooK narajalebmep ledoM TGT ledom halada

fitarepook narajalebmep amasreb naujut iapacnem kutnu malad

ajrek ,salek isatneserp utiay nenopmok amil irad iridret gnay kopmolek

,naniamrep ,kopmolek tnemanruot tapme irad iridret nad naagrahgnep ,


23

kutneb malad naniamrep ,kopmolek ajrek ,salek isatneserp utiay pahat

tnemanruot , .naagrahgnep nad

.b nenopmoK narajalebmeP K epiT fitarepoo TGT

361:9002( nivlaS turuneM - )581 TGT ,nenopmok amil irad iridret

,salek isatneserp utiay kopmolek ajrek ,naniamrep , tnemanruot nad ,

naagrahgnep kopmolek . ianegnem pakgnel naiaru halada tukireB

nenopmok - nenopmok :TGT

)1 salek isatneserP

iulalem iretam nakiapmaynem urug salek isatneserp malaD

hamarec - isuksid uata oidua - rajaleb awsis ini pahat adaP .lausiv

pesnok irajalepmem ,isamrofni nakumenem kutnu - gned pesnok na

tinu adap sukofreb surah urug isatneserP .agarep tala nakanuggnem

TGT nagned nakitahrepmem surah ualak iradaynem awsis aggnihes

huggnus - akerem utnabmem naka tubesret lah anerak huggnus

laos nakajregnem malad - malad naniamrep ,nahital laos tnemanruot

ihes .kiab naka helorepid gnay roks aggn

)2 smaeT ( kopmolek )

kopmoleK irad iridret tapme uata amil awsis ikilimem gnay

ajrek irad taafnaM .ukus nad ,nimalek sinej ,naupmamek naadebrep

kopmolek atoggna nakpaiynem kutnu halada ini kopmolek raga

ipadahgnem malad lisahreb tnemanruot ajrek malad aggniheS .

kopmolek gnay aynatoggna utnabmem gnilas tapad nakparahid


33

nagnukud nakirebmem atres ,rajaleb natilusek/nahalasek imalagnem

.kiab nagned rajaleb raga

)3 semaG )naniamrep(

arates naupmamek nagned awsis helo nakukalid naniamreP

irad kopmolek adebreb gnay . naniamreP isiid naaynatrep -

naaynatrep gnatnet nahital atres nakisatneserpid halet gnay iretam -

malad nahital kopmolek gnisam ayn - gnisam gnatnet utiay

alub nagnalib nagnarugnep t.

)4 )tnemanruot( tnemanruoT

tnemanruoT naniamrep aynnakanaskalid rutkurts nakapurem

nad tubesret nad salek isatneserp haletes nakanaskalid kopmolek

adaP .SKL nakiaseleynem hitalreb ajrek tnemanruot urug ,I

rep ajem adap gnidnatreb naka gnay awsis nakutnenem .naniam

malad sata takgnirep helorepmem gnay awsis helo itapmetid I ajeM

gnisaM .aynmulebes ajrenik - ilikawem awsis gnisam kopmolek .ayn

tapmE nad ,II ajem adap adareb ayntukireb gnikgnar awsis

.aynsuretes tnemanruoT aumes adapek natapmesek irebmem ini

awsis kutnu lamiskam araces roks nakgnabmuynem kutnu

kopmolek .ayn

)5 naagrahgneP kopmoleK

gnay kopmolek adapek nakirebid kopmolek naagrahgneP

kutnu isavitomret naka awsis aggnihes iggnitret lisah helorepmem

.ayntukireb narajalebmep nataigek itukignem


43

.c epiT fitarepook narajalebmeP ledoM rudesorP TGT

rudesorP TGT irad iridret pahat tapme ,narajagnep nataigek

pahat :tukireb iagabes halada tubesret

)1 salek isatneserP

.gnibmibret nahital nad ,itni ,nauluhadnep itupilem salek isatneserP

)a nauluhadneP

uruG narajalep itukignem rutnu awsis isavitom naktikgnabmem

irahes napudihek malad ada gnay halasam utaus nagned aynlasim -

naaynatrep uata irah - naktikgnabmem tapad gnay naaynatrep

.awsis nauhatnigniek

)b itnI

hibel ipatet iretam nalafah radekes nakub itni nataigeK

pesnok salejrepmem ,narajalep iretam ankam adap naksukofmem -

.nial hotnoc uata agarep tala nagned pesnok

)c gnibmibret nahitaL

laos nakajregnem awsiS - gnilas tapad akereM .nahital laos

amases namet utnabmem kopmolek imalagnem gnay ada akij

idumek nad natilusek atoggna kujnunem na kopmolek kutnu

.akerem nabawaj nakisatneserpmem

)2 kopmolek rajaleB

laos nakajregnem awsiS - malad nahital laos kopmolek kutnu akerem

malad namet alibapA .tapad akerem halet gnay iretam maladrepmem

utas kopmolek natilusek imalagnem gnay ada aynatreb tapad akerem


53

amases namet adap kopmolek .urug adapek aynatreb mulebes

malad rajaleb amaleS kopmolek lasa aracibreb gnilas nakhelobrepid

,akerem ajrenik uatnamem ulales uruG .nalep araus nagned

adapek naijup nakirebmem kopmolek nagned ajrekeb gnay ,kiab

rajaleb amales nabitretek nad nagnanetek agajnem atres kopmolek

.gnusgnalreb

)3 tnemanruoT

tnemanruoT nahital atres narajalep iretam haletes nakanaskalid -

.gnatam nagned nakiaselesret laos nahital tnemanruoT nakapurem

awsis anam id naniamrep ajem adap gnidnatreb - ajem tnemanruot

irad nawal nagned kopmolek - kopmolek iaynupmem gnay nial

.arates kimedaka naupmamek bawajnem naitnagreb gnilas akereM

naaynatrep - kutneb malad urug helo nakaidesid halet gnay naaynatrep

.laos utrak

nahab nupadA tnemanruot kupmut utas itupilem nakhutubid gnay

roks rabmel utas nad ,nabawaj icnuk utrak kupmut utas ,laos utrak

tnemanruot ajem_rep tnemanruot .

1 rabmaG 1 niamep isisoP . tnemanruot

acabmeP

1 gnatnaneP 3 gnatnaneP

2 gnatnaneP


63

aynnalaJ tnemanruot hakgnal nagned nakukalid tapad - hakgnal

:tukireb iagabes

)a ajem itapmenem awsis aumeS tnemanruot .nakutnetid halet gnay

)b atresep paiteS tnemanruot ,nakutnetid hadus gnay isisopid kudud

iay ut ,audek gnatnanep ,amatrep gnatnanep ,acabmep isisop

.idnuid arac nagned agitek gnatnanep

)c taas adaP tnemanruot p ,ialumid nad laos utrak kacagnem acabme

libmagnem naidumek pututret naadaek malad aynhuranem laos

.sata gnilap sarek nagned tubesret naaynatrep acabmem naidumeK

aynatrep sata nabawaj nakirebmem nad .tubesret na

)d aynirik halebes id awsis ,nabawaj nakirebmem acabmep haleteS

p( amatrep gnatnane nad gnatnanem kutnu natapmesek ikilimem )

adebreb nabawaj nakiapmaynem naaynatrep itawelem tapad uata

.)sap( tubesret

)e ata bawajnem iaseles amatrep gnatnanep haleteS p ,sap u gnatnane

audek b gnay nabawaj nakirebmem tapad nad acabmep irad adebre

.)sap( tubesret naaynatrep itawelem tapad uata amatrep gnatnanep

)f p ,sap uata bawajnem iaseles audek gnatnanep haleteS gnatnane

aguj agitek b gnay nabawaj nakirebmem tapad adebre acabmep irad

itawelem tapad uata audek gnatnanep nad amatrep gnatnanep nad

.)sap( tubesret naaynatrep


73

)g ,sap uata gnatnanem ,bawajnem halet gnaro paites alibapA

nagned nabawaj icnuk nakkococnem agitek gnatnanep

.sarek nagned aynacabmem

)h awsiS os bawajnem gnay utrak napmiynem kahreb raneb nagned la

nagnutihgnep iagabes nakidajid naka naidumek gnay tubesret laos

op i et n ib kadit niamep aumes akij ipat sa raneb nagned bawajnem

.laos utrak nakupmut adap igal nakilabmekid laos utrak

)i las nabawaj nakirebmem acabmep akiJ naktapadnem kadit ai ha

,audek gnatnanep ,amatrep gnatnanep akij ipateT .nupapa namukuh

naka akerem halas nabawaj nakirebmem agitek gnatnanep nad

.utrak haubes nagnalihek

)j ayntukireb laos uata ayntukireb naratuP . S aynutauses alage

ik ek isisop utas karegreb p uata ir turunem gnusgnalreb naniamre

amatrep acabmep irad maj muraj hara idajnem acabmep utiay ,

,audek gnatnanep idajnem amatrep gnatnanep ,amatrep gnatnanep

,agitek gnatnanep idajnem audek gnatnanep agitek gnatnanep

.acabmep idajnem mas aynsuretes utigeB nakaidesid gnay laos iap

.bawajid sibah

)k iaseles laos utrak aumes nad sibah nakaidesid gnay utkaw haleteS

utrak gnutihgnem awsis atnimem urug ,nakajrekid tapad gnay laos

bawaj akerem ,aman isignem naidumek , kopmolek nad , halmuj

ai halet gnay laos utrak bawaj roks rabmel adap tnemanruot

ajem_rep tnemanruot .


83

lebaT 1. roks rabmeL tnemanruot ajem_rep tnemanruot oN amaN kopmoleK bawajid laos lmJ rokS tnemanruot

1 2 3 4

)l awsis huruynem urug ,sata id molok isignem iaseles awsis haleteS

isignem urug naidumek ,tubesret rabmel naklupmugnem kutnu

roks tnemanruot :tukireb iagabes namodep nagned

lebaT 2. tniop nagnutihgneP tnemanruot niamep 4 nagned

p

naheloreProks

ada kadiT roks

rabmek

rabmeK roks kutnu

iggnit

rabmeK kutnu

tokshagnet

rabmeK kutnu

rokshadner

3 rabmeK roks kutnu

iggnit

rabmeK kutnu 3

rokshadner

rabmeK4

rabmeKgnasap 2

iggnit rokS 06 05 06 06 05 06 03 05

rokShagnenem

04 05 04 04 05 03 03 05

rokShagnenem

03 03 04 03 05 03 03 03

rokShadner

02 02 02 03 02 03 03 03

:nagnareteK

J gnay ada kadit naniamrep malad aki gnay halmuj nagned laos bawajnem

,amas roks akam halada niamep pait helorepid gnay 4 ,06 .02 nad ,03 ,0

:hotnoC

,C ,B ,A niamep amaN D nad

- 06 roks helorepmem ai akam ,4 kaynabes laos nakiaseleynem tapad A

ai anerak .laos bawajnem malad kaynab gnilap

- 3 kaynabes laos nakiaseleynem tapad B 04 roks helorepmem ai akam ,

.2 remon kaynabret bawaj ai tapad gnay laos halmuj anerak

- tapad C 2 kaynabes laos nakiaseleynem 03 roks helorepmem ai akam ,

.3 remon kaynabret bawaj ai tapad gnay laos halmuj anerak


93

- 1 kaynabes laos nakiaseleynem tapad D 02 roks helorepmem ai akam ,

.laos bawajnem malad tikides gnilap ai anerak

nay ada naniamrep malad akiJ nad amas gnay halmuj nagned laos bawajnem g

namet aratna id iggnit gnilap bawaj akerem gnay laos halmuj - akam ,aynnamet

.02 nad ,03 ,05 ,05 halada niamep pait helorepid gnay roks

:hotnoC

D nad ,C ,B ,A niamep amaN

- 4 kaynabes laos nakiaseleynem tapad B nad A helorepmem akerem akam ,

aos nakiaseleynem tapad akerem anerak 05 roks l adap irad kaynab gnilap

namet - .aynnamet

- 03 roks helorepmem ai akam ,3 kaynabes laos nakiaseleynem tapad C

.D iS nad B ,A is aratna id bawaj ai tapad gnay laos halmuj anerak

- nem tapad D 02 roks helorepmem ai akam ,2 kaynabes laos nakiaseley

erak n .laos bawajnem malad tikides gnilap ai a

)m roks molok isignem iaseles haleteS tnemanruot urug naidumek

roks rabmel isignem tnemanruot nakrasadreb kopmolek_rep

roks rabmel tnemanruot ajem_rep tnemanruot .

lebaT 3. roks rabmeL tnemanruot _rep kopmolek oN amaN rokS tnemanruot

1 2 3 4

roks latoT kopmolek ataR - roks atar kopmolek

nagnareteK

)n roks rabmel isignem iaseles urug haleteS tnemanruot

atar helorepid kopmolek_rep - roks atar tnemanruot kopmolek_rep

.naagrahgnep nakirebmem kutnu namodep nakidajid gnay

)4 naagrahgneP kopmolek


04

naagrahgneP kopmolek adapek nakirebid kopmolek gnay

atar roks helorepmem - malad iggnitret atar tnemanruot naagrahgneP .

ay fitres apureb tapad nakirebid gn taki kopmolek otof naklepmenem , -

aman uata akerem otof - nial nad nitelub napap adap akerem aman

nagnanemek gnitnep gnay ,ayniagabes kopmolek surah akerem

gnilas kutnu isavitomret akerem aggnihes nakisakinumokid

utas namet utabmem kopmolek .akerem

takgnit agit adA roks nakrasadreb nakirebid gnay naagrahgnep

atar - atar kopmolek . iagabes halada tubesret naagrahgnep agiT

:tukireb

lebaT 4 naagrahgneP airetirK .

atar( airetirK - atar kopmoleK ) naagrahgneP 04 KOPMOLEK KIAB 54 KOPMOLEK TABEH 05 KOPMOLEK REPUS

.d epiT fitarepook narajalebmeP ledoM nagnutnueK TGT

awhab nakataynem )502:0102( namsuR malad 5991 nivalS

epit fitarepook naarajalebmep naparenep TGT aparebeb ikilimem

naktakgninem tapad nial aratna tubesret nagnutnueK .nagnutnuek

s nad awsis rajaleb isatserp nagnubuh naktakgninem tapad sugilake

gnaro tapadnep iagrahgnem nad isnarelot pakis nakhubmunem ,laisos

malad sitirk rikipreb awsis hitalem tapad fitarepook narajalebmeP .nial

nauhategnep nakudamem/nakisargetnignem nad halasam nakhacemem

.namalagnep nagned


14

narajalebmep awhab tapadnepreb aguj )902:0102( namsuR

epit fitarepook TGT naluggnuek ,naluggnuek aparebeb ikilimem

pesnok imahamem awsis utnabmem tapad nial aratna tubesret - pesnok

naktakgninem ,tilus gnay naupmamek haburem tapad nad ,awsis rajaleb

amron duskamid gnay amroN .rajaleb lisah nagned nagnubuhreb gnay

m kadit awsis gnaroes halada nem nigni gnay aynnamet iakuyne lojno

epit fitarepook narajalebmeP .kimedaka araces TGT aguj ini

iadnap gnay awsis kiab awsis aumes igab nagnutnuek nakirebmem

wsis nupuam gnay awsiS .kimedaka iges malad iadnap gnaruk gnay a

malad rotut idajnem naka iadnap kopmolek gnay namet aggnihes ayn

aynrajaleb natilusek nakhacemem utnabret naka iadnap gnaruk

takgninem naka aynkimedaka naupmamek )rotut( iridnes ai nakgnades

nagned anerak malad hibel narikimep nakhutubmem rotut idajnem

edi nagnubuh gnatnet - .tubesret iretam malad tapadret gnay edi

.6 epiT fitarepooK edoteM nagneD akitametaM narajalebmeP TGT

talub nagnalib nagnarugnep halada ini naitilenep malad iretaM

ggnem nakrajaid naka gnay epit fitarepook narajalebmep ledom nakanu

TGT pahat irad iridret ini ledom nakanuggnem narajalebmeP . - pahat

pahat ,narajagnep nataigek - rajaleb ,salek isatneserp halada tubesret pahat

kopmolek , kutneb malad naniamrep ,tnemanruot naagrahgnep atres

kopmolek D . rusnu ada surah narajagnep nataigek pahat pait mala - rusnu

,nagnarorep bawaj gnuggnat nial aratna nakitahrepid surah gnay

.isakinumok atres ,fitisop nagnutnagretek


24

.e gnuggnat asar ikilimem surah awsis aumeS( salek isatneserp taas adaP

)nagnarorep bawaj

lebmeP rajaleb kutneb malad nakanaskalid fitarepook naraja kopmolek ,

iuhategnem kutnu naujutreb narajalebmep naikimed nupiksem

lisaH .laudividni araces narajalep iretam padahret awsis naasaugnep

adapek urug nakiapmasid ayntujnales tubesret laudividni naialinep

kopmolek aumes raga kopmolek atoggna apais iuhategnem kopmolek

atoggna apais nad nautnab nakulremem gnay kopmolek tapad gnay

nautnab nakirebmem

.f rajaleb taas adaP kopmolek gnilas tapad nakparahid awsis aumeS(

atoggna aratna id fitisop gnay nagnutnagretek ek kopmol aynrajaleb

)napos nad kiab gnay isakinumokreb gnilas atres

nalisahrebek gnajnunem kutnu gnitnep tagnas atoggnaratna isakinumoK

ikilimem awsis aumes kadit numaN .fitarepook narajalebmep

ilakebid surah awsis uti kutnU .kiab gnay isakinumok naupmamek

d arac anamagab aynlasim ,isakinumokreb nalipmaretek iagabreb nagne

tapadnep haggnaynem ,napos nagned tapadnep nakaratugnem namet

kadit nagned aynnaasarep gnuggniynem .

.g taas adaP tnemanruot fitisop gnay nagnutnagretek gnilas awsis aumeS(

na aratna id atogg kopmolek )aynrajaleb

urug akij kiab nagned anaskalret tapad fitisop nagnutnagretek rusnU

gnilas asarem kutnu gnorodret awsis anasaus nakatpicnem

gnay halini nakhutubmem gnilas gnay nagnubuH .nakhutubmem


34

gnilaS .fitisop nagnutnagretek nagned duskamid fitisop nagnutnagretek

lisah hiarem kutnu isavitom nakirebmem gnilas awsis akij idajret

po gnay rajaleb kopmolek tapad tubesret nagnutnagretek gnilaS .la

gnilas ,naujut iapacnem nagnutnagretek gnilas iulalem iapacid

,sagut nakiaseleynem malad nagnutnagretek nagnutnagretek gnilas

gnilas atres ,narep nagnutnagretek gnilas ,rebmus uata nahab

.haidah nagnutnagretek nagned lisahreb tubesret narajalebmep ayapuS

rusnu kiab - .awsis adap naknaketid surah tubesret rusnu

.B lisaH - uluhadreT naitileneP lisah

narajalebmep ledom nakanuggnem salek nakadnit naitileneP

epit fitarepook TGT helo nakukalid kaynab hadus akitametam iretam adap

urug - halokeS nupuam amatreP hagnemeM halokeS ,rasaD halokeS urug

.satA hagneneM ukalid halet gnay KTP lisah aparebeb ini tukireB helo nak

:urug aparebeb

.1 KTP lisaH itawaliM liruN irad narajalebmeP napareneP “ luduj nagned

epiT fitarepooK TGT akitametaM rajaleB isatserP naktakgnineM kutnU

rA hayiditbI hasardaM DS V saleK awsis - utiay ”gnalaM gnubaJ amhaR

b isatserp naktakgninem tapad salek awsis adap akitametam rajale V salek

rA IM - lah ,muizepart ratad nugnab kokop bus adap gnalaM gnubaJ hamhaR

nad ,I sulkis ,naitilenep mulebes adap laudividni set lisah irad tahilret tubesret

it irad ialum ,nakifingis gnay natakgninep idajret II sulkis nalisahrebek takgn

nakadnit nakukalid haletes ,%34.23 rasebes naitilenep aynnakadaid mulebes

epit fitarepook narajalebmep nakanuggnem nagned TGT nalisahrebek takgnit


44

adap naidumek ,%08 idajnem takgninem I sulkis adap awsis iapacid gnay

takgninem II sulkis awsis %41.79 nakkujnunem ini laH .%41.79 idajnem igal

akitametam narajalep atam adap muisepart ratad nugnab irajalepmem lisahreb

.awsis rajaleb isatserp natakgninep idajret nad

.2 KTP lisaH anilrE irad itawoyteS irT ledoM naanuggneP“ luduj nagned

narajalebmeP epiT fitarepooK TGT akitametaM narajalebmeP sesorP adaP

30 NDS V saleK awsiS kutnU tuduS narukugneP nashaB kokoP adaP

atar lawa isidnok adap ”netalK ,nalanogoJ ,namugarK - ,75.2 aynatar

atar nakgnades - ijun agned ijuid naidumek .65.8 rihka isidnok adap atar t

akam )deliat eno( 50.0 @ nagned 647,1 : tire t > 758,81 : ler t tapadid

atar ialin naklupmisid tapad idaJ .nakifingis tubesret naadebrep - isidnok atar

tapad naikimed nagneD .lawa isidnok ialin adap irad raseb hibel rihka

ook narajalebmep awhab naklupmisid epit fitarep TGT naktakgninem tapad

.awsis isatserp

.3 KTP lisaH onrapuS ydE irad narajalebmeP napareneP“ luduj nagned

epiT fitarepooK TGT A IIV saleK paneG retsemeS tapmE igeS kipoT adaP

takgnit helorepid ”8002/7002 narajaleP nuhaT gnayaM 1 NPMS

lisahrebek nad %70,97 rasebes I sulkis narajalebmep adap salek na

nakatakid awsis tubesret atad irad ,%76,79 rasebes II sulkis narajalebmep

.lakisalk araces satnut

.4 lisaH irad KTP imatU iwD nayD namahameP natakgnineP“ luduj nagned

nasahaB kokoP akitametaM narajaleP atam padahreT PMS awsiS pesnoK

natakedneP iulaleM rajajeS siraG nad tuduS TGT PMS III saleK awsis adaP


54

pesnoK namahamep natakgninep aynada nakkujnunem ”arusatraK iregeN

sirag nad tudus awsis rajaleb lisah irad tahilid tapad tubesret lah ,rajajes

utiay KTP irad nalupmiseK .)%5,14( idajnem )%3,92( irad takgninem 06≥

laos nakiaseleynem malad awsis akitametam pesnok naasaugnep halada ini -

naparenep iulalem naktakgnitid tapad akitametam laos natakednep

epit fitarepook TGT .

.5 lisaH irad KTP odE suliriS leinaD ledoM naanuggneP “ luduj nagned

epiT fitarepooK narajalebmeP TGT akigoL nasahaB kipoT nagneD

leakiM .tS AMS BX saleK awsiS adap akitametaM – I sulkis adap ”namelS

utek esatnesrep helorepid II sulkis adap nakgnades ,%7.08 rasebes nasatn

set audek lisah iraD .%1.69 rasebes nasatnutek esatnesrep helorepid

lisah natakgninep idajret halet awhab naklupmisid tapad tubesret laudividni

nagned narajalebmep nataigek itukignem haletes awsis rajaleb

gnem epit fitarepook narajalebmep ledom nakanug TGT .

ledom awhab naklupmisid tapad ,sata id naitilenep lisah amilek iraD

epit fitarepook narajalebmep TGT awsis rajaleb isatserp naktakgninem tapad

uggnem abocnem itilenep aggnihes ,akitametam narajalep atam adap nakan

VI salek nasereD iregeN DS id naitilenep adap tubesret narajalebmep ledom

2 retsemeS DS T nagnalib nagnarugnep iretam adap 2102/1102 narajaleP nuha

.talub


64

.C rikipreB akgnareK

gnay narajalebmep halada kiab gnay narajalebmep sesorP

nad nakgnaneynem tapad awsis aggnihes ,gnusgnal araces awsis naktabilem

gnanes asarem awsis utiay ,tubesret narajalebmep malad taafnam helorepmem

malaD .kiab gnay kimedaka isatserp helorepmem nad narajalebmep amales

d awsis naitahrep kiranem nigni itilenep ,ini naitilenep nataigek mala

narajalebmep itukignem amales nasob asarem kadit awsis ayapus narajalebmep

.kiab gnay kimedaka lisah helorepmem tapad awsis narajalebmep rihka id nad

ledom nakanuggnem itilenep ini naitilenep malad ,sata id naiaru iraD

epit fitarepook TGT malad anam iD . TGT malad gnusgnal araces tabilret awsis

rajaleb kopmolek nad tnemanruot nakragnednem radekes aynah kadit awsiS .

malad SKL nakajregnem ,urug naksalejnep kopmolek .isatneserp naidumek

S lebmep itukignem fitka nad isavitomret nikames naka awsi anerak naraja

imalagnem gnay namet utnabmem gnilas akerem aynnarajalebmep malad

araces halasam nakhacemem kutnu isakinumokreb gnilas ,rajaleb natilusek

es namet nagned amasreb kopmolek awsis aumes haletes naidumek ,ayn

askalid naka ,narajalep iretam imahamem nakan kutneb malad naniamrep

tnemanruot ikilimem nad naniamrep nagned gnanes awsis aumes anam id

kutnu roks/aynnaupmamek gnabmuynem kutnu amas gnay natapmesek

kopmolek nigni gnay lah nupadA .ayn id halada ini naitilenep malad habu

gnem amales awsis nafitkaek ledom nakanuggnem narajalebmep ituki

epit fitarepook narajalebmep TGT nad isarepo nakiaseleynem naupmamek

nakifingis araces takgninem tapad awsis adap talub nagnalib nagnarugnep .


74

kutnu anaras iagabes ini ledom nakanuggnem hadus gnay kaynaB

P nakaiaseleynem nial aratna tubesret naitilenep ,saleK nakadniT naitilene

nad ,)8002( onrapuS ydE ,)9002( itawaliM liruN helo nakukalid D suliriS leina

ledom awhab nakkujnunem tubesret itilenep agitek irad lisaH .)8002( odE

tserp naktakgninem tapad fitarepook narajalebmep adap awsis kimedaka isa

id saleK nakadniT naitileneP lisah tahilem nagneD .akitametam narajalep atam

malad ipatet naitilenep malad ini ledom nakanuggnem naka aguj itilenep sata

ajas kimedaka isatserp naktakgninem aynah kadit aynnaujut ini naitilenep

ipatet .narajalebmep itukignem amales awsis nafitkaek natakgninem

nakajregnem naupmamek halada ini naitilenep malad iretam nupadA

nahab iagabes libma itilenep tubesret lah ,talub nagnalib nagnarugnep isarepo

b gnay awsis nasatnutek esatnesrep anerak naitilenep MKK iapacnem mule

gnaruk urug narajalebmep malad anerak idajret tubesret laH .%05 utiay

fitka kadit awsis aggnihes narajalebmep ledom nakanuggnem malad lamiskam

adap tabikareb nad narajalebmep itukignem malad naupmamek gnay kimedaka

.kiab gnaruk

.D sisetopiH nakadniT

.1 epit fitarepook narajalebmep ledom naanuggneP TGT tapad naktakgninem

awsis nafitkaek narajaleP nuhaT 2 retsemeS nasereD iregeN DS VI salek

”2102/1102 talub nagnalib nagnarugnep isarepo narajalebmep amales

.gnusgnalreb


84

.2 ajalebmep ledom naanuggneP epit fitarepook nar TGT naktakgninem tapad

adap talub nagnalib nagnarugnep isarepo nakiaseleynem naupmamek

narajaleP nuhaT 2 retsemeS nasereD iregeN DS VI salek awsis

.”2102/1102


94

III BAB

NAITILENEP EDOTEM

naka ini bab malaD nakiaruid ,naitilenep gnittes ,naitilenep sinej gnatnet

.atad sisilana atres nemurtsni nanusuynep ,atad nalupmugnep nakadnit anacner

.A naitileneP sineJ

P kusamret ini naitileneP naitilene naitilenep anam iD .saleK nakadniT

.salejnep nahab iagabes ada gnay iroet naktaafnamem nad atad irad kalotreb

lah tahilem kutnu nakukalid naitileneP - keybus helo nakukalid gnay lah

atad ,helorepid atad haleteS .lld isavitom ,ukal hakgnit aynlasim naitilenep

atak kutneb malad nakisatnemukodid nad haloid tubesret - .asahab uata atak

.B naitileneP gnitteS

.1 naitilenep tapmeT

nasereD iregeN DS id nakanaskalid ini naitileneP tamala nagned lJ .

50/410 TR kopeD akapmeC kopeD ,rutacgnodnoC , 38255 atrakaygoY .

.2 kejbuS naitilenep

nasereD iregeN DS VI salek awsis halada ini naitilenep keybuS nuhat

awsis 23 halmuj nagned ,2102/1102 narajalep .

.3 naitilenep kejbO

halada ini naitilenep keybO nad nafitkaek nakiaseleynem naupmamek

isarepo nagmarugnep m nakanuggnem talub nagnalib narajalebmep ledo

epit fitarepook TGT .


05

.4 naitilenep utkaW

naitileneP skalid ini na naka adap 82 iapmas 1102 rebmevoN 1 laggnat

.2102 iraunaJ

.C naitileneP niaseD

simmeK ledom halada nakanug itilenep gnay niased ini naitilenep malaD

M niboR nad C aggaT . r sulkis anacneR .)simmeK ledom sulkis naiaru( t

naitilenep nalisahrebek airetirK .ilak 2 kaynabes nakanaskalid naka naitilenep

halada ini :tukireb iagabes

lebaT 5 nalisahrebeK airetirK .

habueP rotakidnI awsiS lisahreb gnay

isidnoKlawa I sulkiS II sulkiS

naupmameK nakiaseleynem

isarepo nagnarugnep

talub nagnalib

gnay esatnesreP

MKK iapacnem

50%

%06

66%

nafitkaeK malad

itukignemMBK

nafitkaeK esatnesreP %84 %07 %27


15

nad simmeK naitilenep ledoM niboR M .C T agga r : tukireb iagabes halada t

1 rabmaG 2 traggaT .CM niboR nad simmeK naitilenep ledoM .

.D nakadniT anacneR

.1 napaisreP

.a atadneM rajaleb naupmamek( rajaleb naupmamek ikilimem gnay awsis

naadebrep nad ,nimalek sinej naadebrep ,)hadner nad ,gnades ,iggnit

.ukus

.b kutnebmeM kopmolek rajaleb

kutnebmeM kopmolek paites ,rajaleb kopmolek irad iridret awsis tapme

mamek naadebrep ikilimem gnay ,nimalek sinej naadebrep ,rajaleb naup

.ukus naadebrep nad

.c naagrahgnep nakpaiyneM

adapek nakirebid naka gnay naagrahgnep sinej nakpaiyneM kopmolek

utiay ,kiabret kopmolek malad iggnitret roks helorepmem gnay

tnemanruot .

.d ok nad isnetepmok radnats nakpateneM rasad isnetepm

.e narajalebmep naanaskalep anacner ,subalis taubmeM nasakgnir ,SKL ,

.iretam

.f isik taubmeM - laos isik

.g .nabawaj icnuk nad laos taubmeM

EP NAANACNER NAANACNEREP

ISKELFER ISKELFER NAKADIT NAKADIT

NATAMAGNEP

II SULKIS I SULKIS

NATAMAGNEP


25

.2 sulkiS paiteS nakadniT anacneR

.a I sulkiS

naumetreP .naumetrep ilak agit amales nakanaskalid amatrep sulkiS

ajrek nad salek isatneserp itupilem tubesret kopmolek 53x1( PJ 1 amales

,)tinem tnemanruot PJ 1 amales isaulave nad ,)tinem 53x2( PJ 2 amales

.)tinem 53x1( rajagnem rajaleb nataigek naiarU ,amatrep sulkis adap

utiay :

I naumetreP

)1 nakadniT anacneR

rudesorp naanaskaleP TGT salek isatneserp pahat utiay ,amatrep gnay

ajrek nad urug helo kopmolek nad salek isatneserp malad nataigeK .

rajaleb kopmolek nad itni ,nauluhadnep itupilem rajaleb kopmolek .

)a nauluhadneP

isavitom naktikgnabmem uruG awsis itukignem tapad raga

utaus naklucnumem nagned aynlasim ,kiab nagned narajalep

irahes napudihek malad ada gnay halasam - naaynatrep uata irah -

nauhatnigniek naktikgnabmem tapad gnay naaynatrep awsis .

)b itnI

hibel ipatet iretam nalafah radekes nakub itni nataigeK


.pesnok utrak nagned talub nagnalib nagnarugnep pesnok


35

)c kopmolek rajaleB

rajaleb malaD kopmolek laos nakajregnem awsis - nahital laos

malad kopmolek halet gnay iretam maladrepmem kutnu akerem

.tapad akerem utas malad namet alibapA kopmolek gnay ada

amases namet adap aynatreb tapad akerem natilusek imalagnem

kopmolek malad rajaleb amaleS .urug adapek aynatreb mulebes

kopmolek ilas nakhelobrepid .nalep araus nagned lasa aracibreb gn

naijup nakirebmem ,akerem ajrenik uatnamem ulales uruG

adapek kopmolek agajnem atres ,kiab nagned ajrekeb gnay

rajaleb amales nabitretek nad nagnanetek kopmolek gnusgnalreb .

)2 naanaskaleP anacneR

ajagnem rajaleb nataigeK anacner nagned iauses nakanaskalid r

nakadnit

)3 natamagneP

nataigek amales awsis natabilretek ,satifitka itamagnem itileneP

.gnusgnalreb rajaleb

)4 iskelfeR

)a amales awsis imalaid gnay natilusek ,halasam nakumenem itileneP

.gnusgnalreb rajagnem rajaleb nataigek

)b lah nakumenem itileneP - nad lisahreb hadus paggnaid gnay lah

rajagnem rajaleb nataigek amales lisahreb muleb gnay

gnusgnalreb


45

)c SKL nabawaj iskerognem nagned utiay ,laos sisilanagnem itileneP

laos nakumenem urug aggnihes isaulave/awsis - hadum gnay laos

nay nad .awsis nakajrekid tilus g

)d malad awsis naupmamek gnatnet ,nalupmisek taubmem itileneP

.talub nagnalib nagnarugnep isarepo laos nakiaseleynem

II naumetreP

)1 nakadniT anacneR

tnemanruoT

tnemanruoT nahital atres narajalep iretam haletes nakanaskalid -

.gnatam nagned nakiaselesret laos nahital tnemanruoT tapad ini

alad gnusgnalreb m ajem adap gnidnatreb awsiS .naumetrep ilak utas -

ajem tnemanruot irad nawal nagned kopmolek - kopmolek gnay nial

ek iaynupmem gnay akerem ajrenik adap arates kimedaka naupmam

.ulal


anacner nagned iauses nakanaskalid rajagnem rajaleb nataigeK

nakadnit

)3 natamagneP

amales awsis satifitrops nad natabilretek ,satifitka itamagnem itileneP

nataigek tnemanruot .gnusgnalreb


55

)4 iskelfeR

)a adap nabawaj iskerognem nagned utiay ,laos sisilanagnem itileneP

tnemanruot laos nakumenem urug aggnihes - nad hadum gnay laos

.awsis nakajrekid tilus gnay

)b itileneP malad awsis naupmamek gnatnet ,nalupmisek taubmem


I naumetreP II

)1 nakadniT anacneR

,isaulavE awsis isaulave laos nakajregnem


nakadnit anacner nagned iauses nakanaskalid isaulavE

)3 gneP natama

.isaulave laos nakajregnem amales awsis itamagnem itileneP

)4 iskelfeR

)a natilusek isakifitnedignem itileneP - tabmahgnem gnay natilusek

.awsis rajaleb isatserp naiapacnep nad narajalebmep nataigek

)b awsis naupmamek gnatnet ,nalupmisek taubmem itileneP malad


)c I sulkis ikiabrepmem kutnu anacner taubmem itileneP

.b II sulkiS

naumetreP .naumetrep ilak agit amales nakanaskalid audek sulkiS

ajrek nad )tinem 51( iretam kutnu )tinem 53( PJ 1 itupilem tubesret

kopmolek kutnu )tinem 53( PJ 1 ,)tinem 02( tnemanruot 53( PJ 1 nad


65

.isaulave kutnu )tinem sulkis adap rajagnem rajaleb nataigek naiarU

audek : utiay ,

)1 nakadniT anacneR

rudesorp naanaskaleP TGT salek isatneserp pahat utiay ,amatrep gnay

urug helo k ajrek nad kopmole . p malad nataigek salek salek isatneser

kopmolek ajrek nad nad ,itni ,nauluhadnep itupilem kopmolek ajrek .

isatneserP ini kopmolek ajrek nad nakukalid 1 .narajalep maj

)a nauluhadneP

isavitom naktikgnabmem uruG awsis itukignem tapad raga

utaus naklucnumem nagned aynlasim ,kiab nagned narajalep

irahes napudihek malad ada gnay halasam - naaynatrep uata irah -

nauhatnigniek naktikgnabmem tapad gnay naaynatrep awsis .

)b itnI

ibel ipatet iretam nalafah radekes nakub itni nataigeK h


utrak nad nagnalib sirag apureb agarep tala nagned pesnok

.pesnok

)c kopmolek rajaleB

rajaleb malaD kopmolek laos nakajregnem awsis - nahital laos

malad kopmolek gnay iretam maladrepmem kutnu akerem halet

utas malad namet alibapA .tapad akerem kopmolek gnay ada

amases namet adap aynatreb tapad akerem natilusek imalagnem

kopmolek malad rajaleb amaleS .urug adapek aynatreb mulebes


75

kopmolek .nalep araus nagned lasa aracibreb gnilas nakhelobrepid

es uruG naijup nakirebmem ,akerem ajrenik uatnamem ulal

adapek kopmolek agajnem atres ,kiab nagned ajrekeb gnay

rajaleb amales nabitretek nad nagnanetek kopmolek .gnusgnalreb



nakadnit

)3 natamagneP

nataigek amales awsis natabilretek ,satifitka itamagnem itileneP

.gnusgnalreb rajaleb

)4 iskelfeR

)a amales awsis imalaid gnay natilusek ,halasam nakumenem itileneP

.gnusgnalreb rajagnem rajaleb nataigek

)b lah nakumenem itileneP - hadus paggnaid gnay lah nad lisahreb

rajagnem rajaleb nataigek amales lisahreb muleb gnay

gnusgnalreb

)c SKL nabawaj iskerognem nagned utiay ,laos sisilanagnem itileneP

laos nakumenem urug aggnihes isaulave/awsis - hadum gnay laos

.awsis nakajrekid tilus gnay nad

)d sek taubmem itileneP malad awsis naupmamek gnatnet ,nalupmi



85

II naumetreP

)1 nakadniT anacneR

tnemanruoT isaulavE nad

)a tnemanruoT nahital atres narajalep iretam haletes nakanaskalid -

.gnatam nagned nakiaselesret laos nahital tnemanruoT tapad ini

adap gnidnatreb awsiS .naumetrep ilak utas nalad gnusgnalreb

ajem - ajem tnemanruot irad nawal nagned kopmolek - kopmolek

ajrenik adap arates kimedaka naupmamek iaynupmem gnay nial

.ulal gnay akerem

)b e malaD ,isaulav awsis isaulave laos nakajregnem .



nakadnit

)3 natamagneP

amales awsis satifitrops nad natabilretek ,satifitka itamagnem itileneP

nataigek tnemanruot .gnusgnalreb

)4 iskelfeR

)a gnem itileneP utiay ,laos sisilana adap nabawaj iskerognem nagned

tnemanruot laos nakumenem urug aggnihes - nad hadum gnay laos

nakajrekid tilus gnay awsis .

)b itileneP malad awsis naupmamek gnatnet ,nalupmisek taubmem



95

.E ataD nalupmugneP

.1 naupmamek takgnit rukugnem kutnu nakukalid atad nalupmugneP

isarepo nakiaseleynem awsis naupmamek ini lah malad gnaroeses

set utiay ,atad nalupmugnep kinket kaynab adA .talub nagnalib nagnarugnep

nad is alaks ,renoiseuk ,aracnawaw( setnon natatac ,kec ratfad ,pak

kinket nakanuggnem itilenep ini naitilenep malaD .)lld oilofotrop ,atodkena

.)natamagnep( set non nad set atad nalupmugnep

udividni rajaleb lisah rukugnem kutnu naialinep tala halada seT

uata kopmolek naaynatrep naiakgnares apureb araces bawajid surah gnay

utkaw nakutnetid( nakisasiradnatsid gnay isautis malad ajagnes

nakgnadeS .)31:5991 ojdisaM( )narukugnep bitret atat nad narukugnep

araces nakukalid gnay atad nalupmugnep kinket utaus halada isavrebo

ces nad gnusgnal kadit/gnusgnal utaus malad alajeg utaus padahret itilet ara

nakukalid tubesret natamagneP .)91:5991 ojdisaM( tapmet utaus id isautis

ukal hakgnit aynlasim ,awsis rajaleb lisah ialinem uata rukugnem kutnu

sapisitrap ,rajagnem utkawes urug ukal hakgnit ,rajaleb utkaw awsis awsis i

.)48:0102 anajduS anaN( lld isalumis malad

.F nemurtsnI nanusuyneP

.1 nemurtsni nanusuynep sesorP

laos ,PPR ,subalis halada nakanugid gnay nemurtsnI - nagnalu laos

silutret set apureb nagnalib nagnarugnep isarepo nagned natiakreb gnay

talub kutnu kirbur , ledom naanuggnep malad urug isavresbognem


06

epit fitarepook narajalebmep TGT isavresbognem kutnu kirbur nad ,

awsis nafitkaek . s nupadA lao - gnay laos nakrasadreb nususid isik - laos isik

1 halmujreb gnay .ritub 0

ini tukireB lebat - malad nakanugid gnay lebat :naitilenep

.a :MBK awsis nafitkaek natamagnep namodep

lebaT 6 awsiS nafitkaeK natamagneP rabmeL .

oN itamaiD gnay kepsA halmuJnafitkaeK

I saleK isatneserP .1 .urug nasalejnep kamiynem awsiS .2 .imahap ai muleb gnay iretam urug adapek aynatreb awsiS .3 .urug irad nasalejnep tatacnem awsiS .4 .urug nakirebid gnay naaynatrep bawajnem awsiS .5 .naaynatrep bawajnem aynnamet taas nakitahrepmem awsiS II rajaleB kopmoleK .6 SKL nakajregnem malad tapadnep nakakumegnem awsiS .7 adap natapmesek nakirebmem awsiS nakakumegnem kutnu aynnamet

.ayntapadnep

.8 es namet adap aynatreb awsiS kopmolek mulem gnay laos ada akitek.aynimahapid

.9 es namet adapek naksalejnem awsiS kopmolek gnay iretam ada akitek.imahapid muleb

.01 naajrekep lisah isatneserp nakitahrepmem awsiS .kopmolek III tnemanruoT .11 ajem itapmenem awsiS tnemanruot halet gnay .nakutnetid .21 naruta nagned iauses laos nakajregnem awsiS - naruta .tnemanruot .31 .aynnaturu nagned iauses laos bawajnem nad acabmem awsiS .41 itukignem gnanes gnay awsiS tnemanruot

latoT nafitkaek esatnesreP


16

.b narajalebmep ledom naanuggnep malad urug natamagnep namodep

epit fitarepook TGT BMK malad

lebaT 7 rabmeL . natamagneP epiT fitarepooK narajalebmeP ledoM naanuggneP TGT

ajreK tinU nasereD iregeN DS :

retsemeS / saleK 2/VI :

iretaM talub nagnalib nagnarugneP :

: kujnuteP

nagned nakitkarp naupmamek nagned iauses roks molok adap akgna halirakgniL

!tukireb iagabes natamagnep kepsa nakitahrepmem

4 nagned iapmas 1 : roks nagnatneR oN amaiD gnay kepsA it rokS

I narajalep mulebeS .1 .awsis napaisek nad nagnaur napaisek kecegneM 4 3 2 1 II saleK isatneserP .2 .niramek gnay narajalep ilabmek gnalugnem uruG 4 3 2 1 .3 narajalebmep naujut nakiapmaynem uruG 4 3 2 1 .4 hotnoc rebmem nagned awsis tanim naktikgnabmem uruG

irahes napudihek malad - .irah 4 3 2 1

.5 iretam nakiapmaynem uruG 4 3 2 1 .6 .awsis bawajid kutnu laos nakirebmem uruG 4 3 2 1 .7 kutnu kaca araces awsis liggnamem uruG .laos nakajregnem 4 3 2 1 .8 .awsis nabawaj padahret ratnemok nakirebmem uruG 4 3 2 1 .9 .aynatreb kutnu awsis adapek natapmesek nakirebmem uruG 4 3 2 1 III rajaleB kopmoleK .01 araces awsis igabmem uruG kopmolek )negoreteh naupmamek( 4 3 2 1 .11 lah a.wsis naktagnignem uruG - malad nakukalid surah gnay lah

rajaleb kopmolek . 4 3 2 1

.21 SKL igabmem uruG 4 3 2 1 .31 rajaleb malad awsis uatnamem uruG kopmolek . 4 3 2 1 .41 malad awsis naajrekep ijumem uruG kopmolek . 4 3 2 1 .51 .nakajrekid halet gnay SKL sahabmem awsis nad uruG 4 3 2 1 VI tnemanruoT .61 ajem itapmenem hadus awsis awhab nakitsamem uruG

.nakutnetid halet gnay tnemanruot 3 2 1 4

.71 aynnalaj uatnamem uruG tnemanruot 4 3 2 1 .81 naagrahgnep nakirebmem uruG 4 3 2 1 .91 awsis isavitomem uruG .aynrajaleb naktakgninem kutnu 4 3 2 1

V isaulavE


26

.02 isaulave laos nakirebmem uruG 4 3 2 1 .12 isaulave aynnalaj uatnamem uruG 4 3 2 1 IV putuneP .22 . iskelfer nakukalem awsis amasreb uruG 4 3 2 1 .32 .nalupmisek nusuynem awsis amasreb uruG 4 3 2 1


36

.c isiK - II nad I sulkis laos isik

taubid nagnalu laoS isik nakrasadreb - : tukireb iagabes utiay ,isik

lebaT 8 isiK . - isiK tnemanruoT I sulkiS

radnatSisnetepmoK

isnetepmoKrasaD

rotakidnI laoS rokSialin

halmuJroks

halmujneM - nad nak

gnarugnem nagnalib nak

talub

gnarugneM - nagnalib nak

talub

awsis upmam

nakiaseleynem isarepo

aud nagnarugnepnagnalib

.fitisop talub

1 2 3

1 1 1

11

3

awsiS upmam


aud nagnarugnep nagnalib

.fitagen talub

4 5 6

1 1 1

3

awsiS upmam

nakiaseleynemnagnalib isarepo

talub nagned fitisop

nagnalib talub .fitagen

7 8 9

1 1 1

3

awsiS upmam


talub nagned fitagen talub nagnalib

.fitisop

01 11 21

1 1 1

3

latoT 21 21 21


46

lebaT 9 isiK . - I sulkiS isaulavE laoS isik

radnatSisnetepmoK

isnetepmoKrasaD


halmuJroks

halmujneM - nad nak

gnarugnem nagnalib nak

talub

gnarugneM - nagnalib nak

talub

awsiS upmam



.fitisop talub

1 2 3

1 1 1

3

awsiS upmam



.fitagen talub

4 5 6

1 1 1

3

awsiS upmam

nakiaseleynem nagnalib isarepo

talub nagned fitisop talub nagnalib

.fitagen

7 8

1 1

2

awsiS upmam


talub nagned fitagen talub nagnalib

.fitisop

9 01

1 1

2

latoT 01 01 01


56

lebaT 01 isiK . - isiK tnemanruoT II sulkiS

radnatSisnetepmoK

isnetepmoKrasaD


halmuJroks

halmujneM - nad nak

nakgnarugnem talub nagnalib

gnarugneM - naknagnalib

taluB

upmam awsiS nakiaseleynem

isarepo p nagnarugne

talub nagnalib ,fitisop

b nagnali talub,fitisop nad

talub nagnalib fitagen

1 2 3

1 1 1

1 1 1

3

awsiS upmam nakiaseleynem

isarepo nagnarugneptalub nagnalib

nagnalib ,fitagentalub nad ,fitagen

talub nagnalib .fitisop

4 5 6

1 1 1

3

awsiS upmam

nakiaseleynem nagnarugneptalub nagnalib

nagnalib ,fitisop ,fitagen talub

nagnalib nad fitisop talub

7 8 9

1 1 1

3

awsiS upmam


nagnarugneptalub nagnalib

nagnalib ,fitagentalub nad ,fitisop

talub nagnalib itagen f

01 11 21

1 1 1

3

latoT 21 21 21


66

lebaT 11 isiK . - II sulkiS isaulavE laoS isik

radnatSisnetepmoK

isnetepmoKrasaD rotakidnI laoS rokS

ialin hlmJ

roks halmujneM -

nad nak nakgnarugnem talub nagnalib

gnarugneM -nagnalib nak

taluB

upmam awsiS nakiaseleynem

nagnarugnep isarepo ,fitisop talub nagnalib ,fitisop talub nagnalib

talub nagnalib nad.fitagen

1 2 3

1 1 1

3


nagnarugnep isarepotalub nagnalib

nagnalib ,fitagentalub nad ,fitagen

talub nagnalib .fitisop

4 5 6

1 1 1

3


nagnarugneptalub nagnalib

nagnalib ,fitisop ,fitagen talub nad

nagnalib .fitisop talub

7 8

1 1

2


nagnarugnep isarepotalub nagnalib

nagnalib ,fitagentalub nad ,fitisop

talub nagnalib .fitagen

9 01

1 1

2

latoT 01 01 01

.2 nemurtsnI satidilaV

utauS .isaulave tala utaus malad gnitnepret tarays nakapurem satidilaV

)dilav tubesid( iggnit gnay satidilav iaynupmem nakatakid isaulave kinket

naka aynranebes gnay apa rukugnem tapad uti set uata isaulave kinket akij

.rukuid adA tapme ay ,satidilav macam ,iskurtsnok satidilav ,isi satidilav uti

airetirk satidilav kiripme satidilav nad gnay satidilav halada isi satidilaV .

rukugnep tala uata set utaus isi anam id iapmas nakkujnunem


76

lah naknimrecnem - .naksetid uata rukuid uam gnay lah iskurtsnok satidilaV

lada tala uata set utaus isi anam id iapmas nakkujnunem gnay satidilav ha

tala uata set isi idajnem aynsurahes gnay pesnok utaus nagned iauses ruku

.tubesret rukugnep nakitahrepmem gnay satidilav halada airetirk satidilaV

tala uata set aratna ada gnay nagnubuh gnay nial rukugnep nagned rukugnep

.gnidnabmep nahab iagabes isgnufreb satidilav nakatakid ,kiripme satidilaV

ojdisaM( namalagnep nagned iauses akij kiripme 242:5991 - 442 .)

kutnu isi satidilav nakanuggnem itilenep ini naitilenep malaD

nay nemurtsni nusuynem gnay nahab naicnir adap namodepreb g

adap nakisatlusnokid naidumek ,rotakidni malad naksumurid kopmolek ilha

gnibmibmep nesod nad salek urug nagned utiay uata .rakap naialinep

.3 naitileneP nemurtsnI

)1 :itamaid gnay rotakidnI awsis nagnarugnep isarepo nakajregnem malad

talub nagnalib awsis hitalem( nagnalib sirag nakanuggnem apnat rikipreb

.narajalebmep itukignem malad awsis nafitkaek nad )tapec

)2 naialinep rabmel ledoM

R MBK malad awsis nafitkaek kirbu l nad alinep rabme isaulave nai gnay

irad iridret 1 talub nagnalib nagnarugnep isarepo gnatnet laos 0 .

: aynnaanuggnep araC amales awsis nafitkaek itamagnem arac nagned

nad gnusgnalreb MBK l inep rabme adapek nakirebid isaulave naial awsis

.narajalebmep itukignem iaseles haletes


86

)3 airetirK roks nautnenep

)a awsis nafitkaeK , sumur nakanuggnem nagned

nagnareteK

rS atar rokS = - atar

Sa = fitka gnay awsis halmuj

aaS nafitkaek hurules halmuj =

)b seT nagned iauses meti paites roks raseb nautnenep ,silutret takgnit

.laos natilusek nad ,kitsilaer ,fitkeybo araces nakukalid gnirokS

etsisnok n takgnit nakrasadreb nakutnetid laos pait kutnu roks raseB .

natilusek .

.G ataD sisilanA

.1 nalisahrebeK airetirK

isarepo nakiaseleynem malad awsis nalisahrebek airetirK nagnarugnep

.66 MKK iapacnem nagned halada talub nagnalib

.2 atad sisilanA

.a rihka ialin nakutnenem sumuR

: nagnareteK

X rihka ialin =

Ʃxr roks halmuj = awsis

Ʃx skam roks hurules halmuj =


96

.b atar ialin nakutnenem sumuR - salek atar

: nagnareteK

X atar ialin = - salek atar

Ʃx1 helorepid gnay ialin latot = awsis

Ʃn halmuj = awsis

.c nem sumuR nakutne esatnesrep nafitkaek awsis :

nagnareteK



S aa = nafitkaek hurules halmuj

.d nem sumuR nakutne p esatnesrep naanuggne epit fitarepook ledom TGT :

=rS %001 x

nagnareteK


dS helorepid gnay rokS =

tS latot rokS =

.e m sumuR nakutnene pe :tukireb iagabes halada nasatnutek esatnesr

:nagnareteK kP = p esatnesor nasatnutek Ʃt = j hurules halmu awsis satnut gnay Ʃn = j halmu awsis

.f p iracnem sumuR e satnesr e :tukireb iagabes halada nasatnutkaditek 001 - kP


07

VI BAB

NAITILENEP LISAH

.A ataD ispirkseD

rihkareb nad 2102 iraunaJ 81 laggnat adap ialumid atad nalibmagneP

sulkis 2 malad nakukalid atad nalibmagneP .2102 iraunaJ 82 laggnat adap

,awsis 23 halmujreb ini naitilenep malad keybuS .naumetrep ilak 6 amales

ikal awsis 61 utiay - pmerep awsis 61 nad ikal naitilenep irad lisah nupadA .nau

natakgninep“ ludujreb gnay nad nafitkaek isarepo nakiaseleynem naupmamek

fitarepook narajalebmep ledom nakanuggnem talub nagnalib nagnarugnep

epit TGT nuhat 2 retsemes nasered iregen rasad halokes VI salek awsis adap

jalep :tukireb iagabes halada ,” 2102/1102 nara

.1 I sulkiS

irad iridret ini utas sulkis adap naitileneP tapme anacner utiay naigab

.iskelfer nad ,natamagnep ,nakadnit ,nataigek

.a nataigek anacneR

laH - halada nataigek anacner pahat adap nakukalid gnay lah

laos ,SKL ,PPR ,subalis nakpaiynem tnemanruot atres ,isaulave laos ,

rabmel nad awsis nafitkaek natamagnep rabmel nakpaiynem

epit fitarepook narajalebmep naanuggnep natamagnep TGT .

.b naanaskaleP nakadniT

naumetrep ilak 3 amales gnusgnalreb nakadnit naanaskaleP

.2102 iraunaJ 12 nad ,2102 iraunaJ 91 ,2102 iraunaJ 81 laggnat adap

,taubid halet gnay anacner nagned iauses gnusgnalreb narajalebmeP


17

epit fitarepook narajalebmep ledom nakanuggnem utiay TGT nad

.taubid halet gnay narajalebmep naanaskalep anacner adap namodepreb

itupilem tubesret narajalebmeP tapme ,salek isatneserp utiay ,pahat

rajaleb kopmolek , kutneb malad naniamrep tnemanruot nad ,

eb gnay isaulave nakadaid 1 sulkis rihka adaP .naagrahgnep naujutr

gnay iretam imahamem halet awsis anam huajes iuhategnem kutnu

.talub nagnalib nagnarugnep iretam utiay aynhelorepid halet nupadA

:tukireb iagabes halada I sulkis adap nataigek naiaru

)1 saleK isatneserP

am naksalejnem urug ,salek isatneserp pahat adaP adapek iret

uruG .urug irad naksalejnep nakragnednem awsis nakgnades awsis

idajret gnay hotnoc nakanuggnem nagned ispesrepa nakukalem

irahes napudihek malad - nakijaynem urug arac nagned utiay ,irah

,rujuj nad iadnap gnay kana gnaroes ada awhab atirec haubes ai

aynup kadit ai ipatet gnerelek niamreb nigni aI .iwD amanreb

gnerelek majnimem nagned utiay edi iaynupmem ai ,gnerelek

kaynabes aynnamet amil namajnip naktapadnem haleteS .haub

namet nad ai gnerelek - aynnamet ialum maj utaS .gnerelek niamreb

ai ulalreb namet nad ai naidumek ,niamreb - irihkagnem aynamet

namet nad iwD niamreb iaseleS .aynnaniamrep - aynnamet

gnisam gnerelek gnutihgnem - helorepmem iwD ataynret nad ,gnisam

hulupes N .gnerelek haub hulupes numa kilim nakub uti gnerelek

eb mulebes anerak ,aumes iwD majnimem ai gnerelek niamr amil


27

gnay gnerelek halmuj apareb aboC .aynnamet kilim gnerelek

urug ispesrepa haleteS ?gnerelek niamreb haletes iwD ikilimid

itupilem gnay talub nagnalib nagnarugnep laos hotnoc nakijaynem

gnep ,fitisop talub nagnalib nagnarugnep talub nagnalib nagnaru

fitagen nad fitisop talub nagnalib nagnarugnep ,fitagen nad fitagen

urug haleteS .fitisop nad fitagen talub nagnalib nagnarugnep atres

lah aynatreb kutnu natapmesek irebid awsis ,naksalejnem iaseles - lah

.itregnemid muleb gnay aleteS urug itregnem awsis aumes h

nahital laos nakirebmem kopmolekreb araces nakajrekid kutnu .

)2 kopmoleK rajaleB

namet amasreb nakajrekid nahital laoS kopmolek paiteS .ayn

kopmolek irad iridret tapme namagarek iaynupmem gnay awsis

iridnes laos nakajregnem akereM .nimalek sinej nad naupmamek -

akerem naidumek nakajregnem iaseles haletes uluhad hibelret iridnes

namet nagned nakkococ kopmolek kadit gnay nabawaj ada akiJ .ayn

tubesret laos amas nakisuksidid amasreb igal - .amas

rajaleb amaleS kopmolek malad gnililek urug gnusgnalreb

gnisam itamagnem - gnisam kopmolek ada akij naktagnignem nad

,awsis naajrekep ijumem ,nakisuksidid surah akam natilusek gnay

utnabmem kopmolek aumes haleteS .natilusek imalagnem gnay

kopmolek liggnamem urug naidumek ,aynsagut nakiaseleynem

nalikawrep kopmolek araces omon laos nakajregnem kutnu kaca r

iskerognem awsis amasreb urug uti haleteS .silut napap id utas


37

nad aud remon laos naktujnalid nasahabmeP .awsis nabawaj

iapmas aynsuretes laos aumes haleteS .sahabid iaseles laos aumes

urug aynmulebes ipatet narajalep putunem urug sahabid iaseles

lah aynatreb kutnu awsis adapek natapmesek irebmem - gnay lah

.itregnemid muleb

)3 tnemanruoT

halada ayntukireb pahaT tnemanruot tagnas ini pahat ,

awsis helo nakitnanid - haubes itukignem akerem nakanerakid iwsis

naniamrep kutneb malad tnemanruot . tnemanruoT id gnusgnalreb

ajem - ajem tnemanruot ajem itapmenem awsis paiteS . tnemanruot

ajem paites ,urug nakutnetid halet gnay tnemanruot tapadret tapme

wsis irad a kopmolek adebreb gnay - adeb gnay naupmamek nagned

arates adareb gnay laos bawajnem arac nagned gnidnatreb akereM .

.laos utrak nakkupmut malad


)b atresep paiteS tnemanruot gnay isisopid kudud ,nakutnetid hadus

,audek gnatnanep ,amatrep gnatnanep ,acabmep isisop utiay

.idnuid arac nagned agitek gnatnanep

)c taas adaP tnemanruot p ,ialumid nad laos utrak kacagnem acabme

libmagnem naidumek pututret naadaek malad aynhuranem laos

.sata gnilap sarek nagned tubesret naaynatrep acabmem naidumeK

.tubesret naaynatrep sata nabawaj nakirebmem nad


47

)d haleteS aynirik halebes id awsis ,nabawaj nakirebmem acabmep


adebreb nabawaj nakiapmaynem d uata naaynatrep itawelem tapa

.)sap( tubesret

)e p ,sap uata bawajnem iaseles amatrep gnatnanep haleteS gnatnane

audek b gnay nabawaj nakirebmem tapad nad acabmep irad adebre

.)sap( tubesret naaynatrep itawelem tapad uata amatrep gnatnanep

)f audek gnatnanep haleteS p ,sap uata bawajnem iaseles gnatnane

aguj agitek b gnay nabawaj nakirebmem tapad acabmep irad adebre

itawelem tapad uata audek gnatnanep nad amatrep gnatnanep nad


)g ,sap uata gnatnanem ,bawajnem halet gnaro paites alibapA

gnatnanep nagned nabawaj icnuk nakkococnem agitek


)h awsiS utrak napmiynem kahreb raneb nagned laos bawajnem gnay

nagnutihgnep iagabes nakidajid naka naidumek gnay tubesret laos

op i et n ib kadit niamep aumes akij ipat sa raneb nagned bawajnem

rak .laos utrak nakupmut adap igal nakilabmekid laos ut

)i naktapadnem kadit ai halas nabawaj nakirebmem acabmep akiJ

,audek gnatnanep ,amatrep gnatnanep akij ipateT .nupapa namukuh

naka akerem halas nabawaj nakirebmem agitek gnatnanep nad

utrak haubes nagnalihek .


57

)j ayntukireb laos uata ayntukireb naratuP aynutauses alages ,

p uata irik ek isisop utas karegreb turunem gnusgnalreb naniamre

amatrep acabmep irad maj muraj hara idajnem acabmep utiay ,

,audek gnatnanep idajnem amatrep gnatnanep ,amatrep gnatnanep

gnatnanep ,agitek gnatnanep idajnem audek agitek gnatnanep

.acabmep idajnem nakaidesid gnay laos iapmas aynsuretes utigeB

.bawajid sibah

)k iaseles laos utrak aumes nad sibah nakaidesid gnay utkaw haleteS

utrak gnutihgnem awsis atnimem urug ,nakajrekid gnay laos

eb lisahr akerem bawaj ,aman isignem naidumek , kopmolek aman ,

nad bawaj ai halet gnay laos halmuj roks rabmel adap tnemanruot


)l isignem iaseles awsis haleteS roks rabmel tnemanruot ajem_rep

tnemanruot aklupmugnem kutnu awsis huruynem urug , rabmel n

roks isignem urug naidumek ,tubesret tnemanruot nagned

namodep gnatnet 73 namalah 2 lebat adap namodepreb

tniop nagnutihgnep tnemanruot .

lisah lebat halada ini tukireB tnemanruot ajem_rep tnemanruot

:I sulkis

lisaH .21 lebaT tnemanruoT reP - ajeM tnemanruoT I sulkiS

1 ajeM

oN amaN kopmoleK bawajid laos lmJ rokS tnemanruot 1 IM 1 3 03 2 IF 2 3 03 3 NF 3 3 03 4 AF 4 3 03


67

2 ajeM oN amaN kopmoleK bawajid laos lmJ rokS tnemanruot

1 HD 5 2 03 2 NA 6 3 05 3 TF 7 2 03 4 DA 8 3 05


1 MA 8 3 03 2 UN 7 3 03 3 ET 6 3 03 4 AG 5 3 03

4 ajeM

oN amaN kopmoleK bawajid laos lmJ rokS tnemanruot 1 SA 4 2 03 2 IA 3 3 06 3 QI 2 3 03 4 ED 1 2 03

5 ajeM

oN amaN kopmoleK laos lmJ bawajid rokS tnemanruot 1 RD 5 3 05 2 UB 6 3 05 3 AB 7 3 05 4 HA 8 1 02

6 ajeM

oN amaN kopmoleK bawajid laos lmJ rokS tnemanruot 1 LA 4 3 06 2 GA 3 2 04 3 EM 2 1 02 4 YA 1 2 04


1 OL 4 2 05 2 IL 3 1 03 3 AH 2 1 03 4 IR 1 2 05


77


1 IB 8 3 05 2 RA 7 2 03 3 OR 6 1 02 4 EK 5 3 05

)m roks rabmel isignem iaseles urug haleteS tnemanruot

atar helorepid kopmolek_rep - roks atar tnemanruot kopmolek_rep

nupadA .naagrahgnep nakirebmem kutnu namodep nakidajid gnay

nagned kiab kopmolek itupilem kopmolek naagrahgnep airetirk

atar - atar nagned tabeh kopmolek ,04 atar - kopmolek nad ,54 atar

gned repus atar na - .05 atar

lisah lebat halada ini tukireB tnemanruot kopmolek_rep :I sulkis

lisaH .31 lebaT tnemanruoT I sulkiS kopmoleK_reP

1 kopmoleK oN amaN rokS tnemanruot

1 IM 03 2 ED 03 3 YA 04 4 IR 05

roks latoT kopmolek 051 ataR - roks atar kopmolek 83

nagnareteK kiaB kopmoleK


1 IF 03 2 QI 03 3 EM 02 4 AH 03




87

3 kopmoleK oN amaN tnemanruot rokS

1 NF 03 2 IA 06 3 GA 04 4 IL 03



4 kopmoleK oN amaN tnemanruot rokS

1 AF 03 2 SA 03 3 LA 06 4 OL 05


nagnareteK tabeH kopmoleK


1 HD 03 2 AG 03 3 RD 05 4 EK 05



6 kopmoleK

oN amaN tnemanruot rokS 1 NA 05 2 ET 03 3 UB 05 4 OR 02




1 TF 03 2 UN 03 3 AB 05 4 RA 03




97


1 DA 05 2 MA 03 3 HA 02 4 IB 05



)5 naagrahgneP kopmolek

R ata - atar kopmolek roks halmuj igabmem nagned helorepid

atoggna pait roks kopmolek atoggna halmuj nagned igabid

kopmolek irad lisaH . tnemanruot aumes halada I kopmolek

takiderp naktapadnem kopmolek irad roks halmuj nagned kiab

kopmolek ,83 rasebes I kopmolek ,82 rasebes 2 kopmolek rasebes 3

,04 kopmolek ,34 rasebes 4 kopmolek ,04 rasebes 5 kopmolek 6

,83 rasebes kopmolek ,53 rasebes 7 kopmolek 8 .83 rasebes

narajalebmep malad pahat tapme haleteS TGT nakanaskalid

isaulave pahat halada nakukalid surah gnay rihkaret pahat akam

malad awsis naupmamek anam huajes iuhategnem kutnu pahat utiay

.talub nagnalib nagnarugnep nakiaseleynem

.c natamagneP

nad itilenep helo nakukalid ini naitilenep malad natamagneP

natamagnep utiay natamagnep rabmel macam 2 adA .salek urug

itarepook naarajalebmep ledom naanuggnep f epit TGT rabmel nad

nakukalid natamagnep naanaskaleP .awsis nafitkaek natamagnep

alebmep amales rabmel isignem nagned gnusgnalreb naraj


08

namodep kutnu nakanugid tubesret natamagnep rabmeL .natamagnep

aynada nagned ,narajalebmep sesorp malad urug itamagnem itilenep

hadus urug hakapa iuhatekid tapad ini natamagnep rabmel

iauses narajalebmep nakanaskalem naanaskalep anacner nagned

fitarepook narajalebmep ledom nakanuggnem nagned narajalebmep

epit TGT awsis nafitkaek natamagnep rabmel nakgnadeS .muleb uata

urug helo isiid itilenep nad itukignem awsis hakapa iuhategnem kutnu

agned iauses narajalebmep sesorp naanaskalep anacner n


epit TGT .muleb uata

amales awsis nafitkaek natamagnep lisah halada ini tukireB

:narajalebmep itukignem

.41 lebaT I sulkiS awsiS nafitkaeK natamagneP lisaH

oN gnay kepsA itamaiD halmuJnafitkaeK

I saleK isatneserP lmj 23 awsis

.1 .urug nasalejnep kamiynem awsiS 03 .2 .imahap ai muleb gnay iretam urug adapek aynatreb awsiS 2 .3 .urug irad nasalejnep tatacnem awsiS 92 .4 .urug nakirebid gnay naaynatrep bawajnem awsiS 8 .5 awsiS .naaynatrep bawajnem aynnamet taas nakitahrepmem 23 II rajaleB kopmoleK .6 awsiS SKL nakajregnem malad tapadnep nakakumegnem 42 .7 nakakumegnem kutnu aynnamet adap natapmesek nakirebmem awsiS

.ayntapadnep 41

.8 es namet adap aynatreb awsiS kopmolek muleb gnay laos ada akitek.aynimahapid

41


41

.01 awsiS kopmolek naajrekep lisah isatneserp nakitahrepmem . 23 III tnemanruoT .11 ajem itapmenem awsiS tnemanruot halet gnay .nakutnetid 23 .21 naruta nagned iauses laos nakajregnem awsiS - naruta tnemanruot . 82


18

.31 .aynnaturu nagned iauses laos bawajnem nad acabmem awsiS 82 .41 itukignem gnanes gnay awsiS tnemanruot 13

latoT 813

naiaruid ini tukireb ,sata id lebat nakrasadreB awsis nafitkaek

:narajalebmep itukignem amales

)1 urug nasalejnep kamiynem awsiS

naigabeS nagned urug nasalejnep kamiynem hadus awsis raseb

irad nasalejnep kamiynem kadit gnay awsis 2 ada hisam ipatet kiab

.RA nad MA utiay urug

)2 awsiS tam urug adapek aynatreb imahap ai muleb gnay ire

lah gnatnet aynatreb malad ulam hisam awsiS - ai mauleb gnay lah

lah gnatnet aynatreb inareb gnay awsis 2 ada aynah ,iuhatek - lah

.UN nad IA utiay iuhatek ai muleb gnay

)3 urug irad nasalejnep tatacnem awsiS

hadus awsis raseb naigabeS nem ,urug irad nasalejnep tatac ipatet

ada hisam 3 utiay urug irad nasalejnep kamiynem kadit gnay awsis

MA , RA QI nad .

)4 urug nakirebid gnay naaynatrep bawajnem awsiS

urug helo nakirebid gnay naaynatrep bawajnem awsis aumeS

gnay awsis naigabes ada nupualaw .bawajnem malad halas

)5 naaynatrep bawajnem aynnamet taas nakitahrepmem awsiS

,naaynatrep bawajnem aynnamet taas nakitahrepmem awsis aumeS

naaynatrep nakirebmem na awsis paites uatnamem urug anerak

.nakitahrepmem kadit gnay awsis igab


28

)6 nep nakakumegnem awsiS SKL nakajregnem malad tapad

)7 kutnu aynnamet adap natapmesek nakirebmem awsiS

nakakumegnem p .ayntapadne

tapad awsis raseb naigabeS adap natapmesek nakirebmem

.ayntapadnep nakakumegnem kutnu aynnamet ,IB halada akereM

,IF ,UN ,LA ,AB ,AF ,AG ,NA ,IM ,GA ,HD .IA nad ,NF

)8 es namet adap aynatreb awsiS kopmolek gnay laos ada akitek

.aynimahapid muleb

awsis raseb naigabeS uam es namet adap aynatreb kopmolek akitek

.aynimahapid muleb gnay laos ada halada akereM ,RD ,ED ,YA

.RA nad ,IR ,QI ,OL ,HA ,EM ,IL ,EK ,SA

)9 awsiS es namet adapek naksalejnem kopmolek iretam ada akitek

.imahapid muleb gnay

tapad awsis raseb naigabeS es namet adapek naksalejnem kopmolek

.imahapid muleb gnay iretam ada akitek ,HD ,IB halada akereM

.IA nad ,NF ,IF ,UN ,LA ,AB ,AF ,AG ,NA ,IM ,GA

)01 em awsiS naajrekep lisah isatneserp nakitahrepm kopmolek .

hadus awsis aumeS naajrekep lisah isatneserp nakitahrepmem

.kopmolek

)11 ajem itapmenem awsiS tnemanruot halet gnay .nakutnetid

ajem itapmenem halet awsis aumeS tnemanruot .raneb nagned


38

)21 naruta nagned iauses laos nakajregnem awsiS - naruta tnemanruot .

laos bawajnem nad acabmem tapad awsis raseb naigabeS

tnemanruot .UN nad ,TF ,DA , ilaucek ,aynnaturu nagned iauses

)31 awsiS .aynnaturu nagned iauses laos bawajnem nad acabmem

laos bawajnem nad acabmem tapad awsis raseb naigabeS

tnemanruot ilaucek ,aynnaturu nagned iauses TF ,DA , , .UN nad

)41 itukignem gnanes gnay awsiS tnemanruot

itukignem gnanes asarem awsis aumeS tnemanruot QI ilaucek ,

malad niam malad nawal anerak tnemanruot ep .aumes naupmer

.d iskelfeR

nakadnit naitilenep naanaskalep natamagnep nakrasadreB

malad lucnum gnay nahalasamrep aparebeb nakumenem itilenep ,salek

:halada aynaratna id ,amatrep sulkis naanaskalep

)a salek isatneserP

awsis aparebeb ada salek isatneserp malaD kadit gnay

iridnes aracibreb akerem ,urug irad nasalejnep nakitahrepmem

.aynnamet nagned

)b kopmoleK rajaleB

)1 rajaleb malaD kopmolek aparebeb tapadret hisam , kopmolek

udividni araces laos nakajregnem gnay la .

)2 aynatreb uam kadit nad uhat kadit gnay awsis adA adapek

.aynnamet


48

)3 hotnocnem aynah ai ,nakajregnem kadit gnay awsis adA

.iadnap gnay aynnamet naajrekep

)4 arac uhat kadit ipatet nakajregnem asib gnay awsis adA

.aynnamet irajagnem

)5 rajaleb malad anasauS kopmolek gnay awsis ada anerak ,iamar

et adapek aynatreb irad nam kopmolek tapec ayapus nial

laos nakiaseleynem - .nakirebid gnay laos

)6 rajaleb malaD kopmolek ,aracibreb gnay awsis ada hisam

aynnalaj uggnaggnem aggnihes ,aynnamet nagned adnacreb

rajaleb kopmolek .

)c tnemanruoT

)1 ajem itapmenem utkaw adaP tnemanruot us kapman anasa

.iamar

)2 taas anasauS tnemanruot awsis aparebeb ada anerak ,iamar

.raneb nagned laos aumes bawajnem tapad gnanes ulalret gnay

)3 utkawes anasauS tnemanruot ajem aparebeb ada anerak ,iamar

tnemanruot .aynniam naruta nahap kadit gnay

)4 utkawes anasauS tnemanruot ajem aparebeb ada anerak ,iamar

tnemanruot tapec nigni gnay - laos nakiaseleynem tapec - laos

malad tnemanruot .

)d isaulavE

)1 .gnanet salek malad anasaus ,kiab nagned nalajreb isaulavE


58

)2 malad natilusek imalagnem gnay awsis aparebeb adA

adnat nakadebmem .isarepo adnat nad nagnalib

)3 H gnay awsis )%36( 02 ada I sulkis adap naitilenep lisa

MKK ihunemem , nalisahrebek tegrat nakgnades .%66

awhab naklupmisid tapad sata id iskelfer nakrasadreB

.II sulkis ek naktujnalid naitilenep

.2 II sulkiS

.a nataigek anacneR

sulkis ialumem kutnu nakukal itilenep gnay amatrep hakgnaL

laos ,SKL ,PPR ,subalis nakpaiynem halada audek tnemanruot laos ,

nad awsis nafitkaek natamagnep rabmel nakpaiynem atres ,isaulave

epit fitarepook narajalebmep naanuggnep natamagnep rabmel TGT .

ukeK nagnar - sulkis adap iumet itilenep gnay nagnarukek

ayapus II sulkis adap ikiabrepid tapad nakparahid amatrep

naka itilenep uti babes helO .kiab nagned nalajreb tapad narajalebmep

:halada aynaratna id ,ahasu aparebeb nakayapugnem

)1 salek isatneserP

)a hibel uruG naruta aparebeb taubmem nad aracibreb malad saget

gnay awsis ada akij ,aynlasiM .iamar anasaus ignarugnem kutnu

iamar gnay awsis ada akij ,ignarukid naka aynroks aracib

awsis akij nad salek raul irad narajalep itukignem nakhalisrepid

ed narajalep itukignem nahabmat naktapadnem naka kiab nagn

.ialin


68

)b p pisnirp naksagenem uruG talub nagnalib nagnarugne .

)c naped id laos nakajregnem uata naaynatrep nakirebmem uruG

taas urug nakitahrepmem kadit gnay awsis adapek salek

.naksalejnem

)2 kopmoleK rajaleB

)a san nakirebmem uruG rajaleb ayngnitnep tahi kopmolek .

rajaleb aynada nagneD kopmolek gnilas aynlasim kiab gnay

laH .itamrohgnem gnilas ,iludep - naka tubesret fitisop lah

agnepreb rajaleb lisah padahret hur es namet kopmolek .ayn

es naka natilusek gnay aynnamet utnabmem gnay awsiS nikam

.iretam iasaugnem hibel nad iadnap

)b raga asib muleb gnay awsis adapek uabmihgnem uruG

uabmihgnem atreS .asib hadus gnay aynnamet adapek aynatreb

kutnu nakajregnem upmam hadus gnay awsis adapek

malad asib muleb gnay namet adapek nakaynanem

kopmolek ayn ualak ipateT .itregnemid muleb gnay anam laos

malad awsis aumes kopmolek tapad asib kadit tubesret

.urug adapek aynatreb

)c aynatreb gnay awsis adapek isgnas nakirebmem naka uruG

adapek kopmolek .nial

)d nad iamar gnay awsis adapek isgnas nakirebmem naka uruG

.adnacreb


78

)3 tnemanruoT

)a uG ajem itapmenem akitek iamar kadit raga naktagnignem ur

.tnemanruot

)b mulebeS tnemanruot naruta nakacabmem urug - gnay naruta

malad ihutapid surah tnemanruot helob aynlasim ,

sarek ulalret helob kadit ipatet ayngnanes asar nakpakgnugnem

k .nial gnay namet uggnaggnem naka anera

)c mulebeS tnemanruot nagned niamreb arac naksalejnem urug

urug ialumid tnemanruot mulebes nad tapec ulalret kadit

kutnu salej muleb gnay awsis adapek natapmesek nakirebmem

.aynatreb

)d raga awsis adapek uabmihgnem uruG kadit aynnakajregnem

urubret hasu - .pukuc aynutkaw anerak urub

)e malad atoggna pait nanarep naksalejnem uruG tnemanruot .

kutnu amas gnay natapmesek helorepmem naka awsis paiT

adap roks nakgnabmuynem kopmolek akerem akij ayn

itukignem/nakukalem tnemanruot agned huggnus n - .huggnus

kana sata id nasalejnep nagneD - isavitomret hibel naka kana

itukignem kutnu tnemanruot kiab nagned

)4 isaulavE

)a hibel rajaleb kutnu awsis isavitomem urug isaulave mulebeS

.igal taig


88

)b Pe ad kiab pukuc I sulkis isaulave lisah nasatnutek esatnesr n

%05 irad utiay ,lawa isidnok irad natakgninep imalagnem

.%36 idajnem tahilid tapad icnir hibel isaulave lisah nupadA

.naripmal adap

.b narajalebmep naanaskaleP

ilak agit amales nakukalid II sulkis adap narajalebmep sesorP

laggnat adap utiay ,naumetrep ,2102 iraunaJ 52 nad ,2102 iraunaJ 62

iraunaJ 82 anacner nagned iauses nakanaskalid narajalebmeP .2102

ledom nakanuggnem nagned utiay taubid halet gnay narajalebmep

epit fitarepook narajalebmep TGT nakadaid 2 sulkis rihka adaP .

a iuhategnem kutnu isaulave natakgninep ada hakap nad nafitkaek

naupmamek kadit uata ,narajalebmep itukignem haletes awsis rajaleb

.aynnatakgninep iggnit aparebes iuhategnem atres ,natakgninep ada

nagnarukek nakitahrepmem aud sulkis adap narajalebmeP - nagnarukek

kis adap idajret gnay nagnarukek raga utas sul - tubesret nagnarukek

.aud sulkis adap isataid tapad nad idajret kadit

halada II sulkis narajalebmep naanaskalep irad naiaru nupadA

:tukireb iagabes

)1 saleK isatneserP

nagned amas ripmah II sulkis adap nakadnit naanaskaleP

halada II nad I sulkis aratna nakadebmem gnay ,I sulkis

.nagnarugnep ilak 3 itupilem talub nagnalib nagnanarugnep


98

nad isavitom nakirebmem urug ,salek isatneserp pahat adaP

s adapek iretam naksalejnem urug naksalejnem iaseles haleteS .awsi

awsis aparebeb kujnunem nagned awsis namahamep setegnem

natapmesek nakirebmem urug uti haleteS .laos nakajregnem kutnu

lah aynatreb kutnu awsis adapek - .iuhatekid muleb gnay lah

)2 kopmoleK rajaleB

nataigek mulebeS jaleb kopmolek ra nakanaskalid , urug

rajaleb ayngnitnep tahisan nakirebmem kopmolek aynada nagneD .

rajaleb kopmolek gnilas ,iludep gnilas aynlasim kiab gnay

laH .itamrohgnem - preb naka tubesret fitisop lah padahret huragne

rajaleb lisah es namet kopmolek awsiS .ayn utnabmem gnay

iasaugnem hibel nad iadnap nikames naka natilusek gnay aynnamet

.iretam

raga asib muleb gnay awsis adapek uabmihgnem uruG

uabmihgnem atreS .asib hadus gnay aynnamet adapek aynatreb

nakaynanem kutnu nakajregnem upmam hadus gnay awsis adapek

malad asib muleb gnay namet adapek kopmolek anam laos ayn

malad awsis aumes ualak ipateT .itregnemid muleb gnay kopmolek

naka uruG .urug adapek aynatreb tapad asib kadit tubesret

adapek aynatreb gnay awsis adapek isgnas nakirebmem kopmolek

m naka uruG .nial nad iamar gnay awsis adapek isgnas nakirebme

.adnacreb


09

)3 tnemanruoT

malad gnidnat nawaL tnemanruot imalagnem II sulkis

irad rihkaret roks nagned nakutnetid utiay nahaburep tnemanruot ,

ajem malad sataret roks helorepmem gnay awsis tnemanruot naka

ajem adap hadnip tnemanruot gnay awsis nakgnades aynsata id

ajem malad hadneret roks helorepmem tnemanruot id hadnip naka

ajem tnemanruot .aynhawab id gnidnatreb naka akerem aggniheS

.gnabmies gnay nawal nagned

mulebeS tnemanruot em urug gnusgnalreb raga naktagnign

ajem itapmenem akitek iamar kadit tnemanruot aguj uruG .

naruta nakacabmem - malad ihutapid surah gnay naruta tnemanruot ,

helob kadit ipatet ayngnanes asar nakpakgnugnem helob aynlasim

urug ,nial gnay namet uggnaggnem naka anerak sarek ulalret

mulebes nad tapec ulalret kadit nagned niamreb arac naksalejnem

tnemanruot awsis adapek natapmesek nakirebmem urug ialumid

awsis adapek uabmihgnem urug ,aynatreb kutnu salej muleb gnay

urubret hasu kadit aynnakajregnem raga - aynutkaw anerak urub

rug ,pukuc malad atoggna pait nanarep naksalejnem u tnemanruot .

kutnu amas gnay natapmesek helorepmem naka awsis paiT


itukignem/nakukalem tnemanruot huggnus nagned - .huggnus

kana sata id nasalejnep nagneD - hibel naka kana kutnu isavitomret

itukignem tnemanruot kiab nagned .


19

malad rudesorp halada ini tukireB tnemanruot :

)a ajem itapmenem awsis aumeS tnemanruot halet gnay

.nakutnetid

)b atresep paiteS tnemanruot hadus gnay isisopid kudud

,amatrep gnatnanep ,acabmep isisop utiay ,nakutnetid

.idnuid arac nagned agitek gnatnanep ,audek gnatnanep

)c taas adaP tnemanruot laos utrak kacagnem acabmep ,ialumid

libmagnem naidumek pututret naadaek malad aynhuranem nad

p laos tubesret naaynatrep acabmem naidumeK .sata gnila

naaynatrep sata nabawaj nakirebmem nad sarek nagned

.tubesret

)d halebes id awsis ,nabawaj nakirebmem acabmep haleteS

p( aynirik amatrep gnatnane kutnu natapmesek ikilimem )

adebreb nabawaj nakiapmaynem nad gnatnanem tapad uata

.)sap( tubesret naaynatrep itawelem

)e ,sap uata bawajnem iaseles amatrep gnatnanep haleteS

p audek gnatnane b gnay nabawaj nakirebmem tapad adebre

trep gnatnanep nad acabmep irad itawelem tapad uata ama


)f ,sap uata bawajnem iaseles audek gnatnanep haleteS

p aguj agitek gnatnane gnay nabawaj nakirebmem tapad

b gnatnanep nad amatrep gnatnanep nad acabmep irad adebre

tubesret naaynatrep itawelem tapad uata audek .)sap(


29

)g alibapA ,sap uata gnatnanem ,bawajnem halet gnaro paites

nagned nabawaj icnuk nakkococnem agitek gnatnanep


)h awsiS napmiynem kahreb raneb nagned laos bawajnem gnay

iagabes nakidajid naka naidumek gnay tubesret laos utrak

gnep op nagnutih i et n ib kadit niamep aumes akij ipat sa

adap igal nakilabmekid laos utrak raneb nagned bawajnem

.laos utrak nakupmut

)i akiJ kadit ai halas nabawaj nakirebmem acabmep

gnatnanep akij ipateT .nupapa namukuh naktapadnem

ep nad ,audek gnatnanep ,amatrep nakirebmem agitek gnatnan

.utrak haubes nagnalihek naka akerem halas nabawaj

)j naratuP ayntukireb ayntukireb laos uata aynutauses alages ,

p uata irik ek isisop utas karegreb gnusgnalreb naniamre

amatrep acabmep irad maj muraj hara turunem acabmep utiay ,

idajnem amatrep gnatnanep ,amatrep gnatnanep idajnem

,agitek gnatnanep idajnem audek gnatnanep ,audek gnatnanep

.acabmep idajnem agitek gnatnanep iapmas aynsuretes utigeB

.bawajid sibah nakaidesid gnay laos

)k haleteS aumes nad sibah nakaidesid gnay utkaw laos utrak

utrak gnutihgnem awsis atnimem urug ,nakajrekid iaseles laos

bawaj akerem tapad gnay ,aman isignem naidumek ,


39

kopmolek nad , bawaj ai halet gnay laos halmuj rabmel adap

roks tnemanruot ajem_rep tnemanruot .

)l nad sibah nakaidesid gnay utkaw haleteS laos utrak aumes

utrak gnutihgnem awsis atnimem urug ,nakajrekid iaseles

,aman isignem naidumek ,akerem kopmolek aman nad , halmuj

bawaj ai halet gnay laos roks rabmel adap tnemanruot


)m haleteS awsis isignem iaseles lisah lebat tnemanruot ajem_rep

tnemanruot naklupmugnem kutnu awsis huruynem urug ,

roks isignem urug naidumek ,tubesret rabmel tnemanruot

nagned reb namodep tniop nagnutihgnep gnatnet 2 lebat adap

tnemanruot .93 namalah adap tapadret gnay niamep 4 nagned

lebat halada ini tukireB lisah tnemanruot ajem_rep

tnemanruot :II sulkis

lisaH .51 lebaT tnemanruoT ajeM_reP tnemanruoT II sulkiS

1 ajeM oN amaN kopmoleK bawajid laos lmJ t rokS tnemanruo

1 IF 2 3 03 2 IM 1 3 03 3 NF 3 3 03 4 NA 6 3 03

2 ajeM oN amaN kopmoleK laos lmJ bawajid rokS tnemanruot

1 DA 8 3 03 2 AF 4 3 03 3 HD 5 3 03 4 MA 8 3 03


49


1 AG 5 3 05 2 ET 6 3 05 3 TF 7 2 02 4 IA 3 3 05


1 QI 2 3 04 2 UN 7 4 06 3 SA 4 2 03 4 RD 5 2 03

5 ajeM

oN amaN kopmoleK bawajid laos lmJ rokS tnemanruot 1 ED 1 3 05 2 AB 7 3 05 3 UB 7 2 02 4 LA 4 3 05

6 ajeM

oN amaN kopmoleK bawajid laos lmJ rokS tnemanruot 1 HA 8 2 02 2 GA 3 4 06 3 YA 1 3 04 4 OL 4 3 04


1 IR 1 2 02 2 IL 3 4 06 3 EM 2 3 04 4 IB 8 3 04


1 AH 2 2 03 2 EK 5 3 05 3 RA 7 3 03 4 OR 6 2 05


59

)n roks rabmel isignem iaseles urug haleteS tnemanruot

atar helorepid kopmolek_rep - roks atar tnemanruot

nakirebmem kutnu namodep nakidajid gnay kopmolek_rep

itupilem kopmolek naagrahgnep airetirk nupadA .naagrahgnep

atar nagned kiab kopmolek - nagned tabeh kopmolek ,04 atar

atar - atar nagned repus kopmolek nad ,54 atar - .05 atar

lisah lebat halada ini tukireB tnemanruot _rep kopmolek sulkis

:II

lisaH .61 lebaT tnemanruoT II sulkiS kopmoleK_reP

kopmoleK 1

oN amaN rokS tnemanruot 1 IM 03 2 ED 05 3 YA 04 4 IR 04



kopmoleK 2

oN amaN rokS tnemanruot 1 IF 03 2 QI 03 3 EM 02 4 AH 03




69

kopmoleK 3

oN amaN rokS tnemanruot 1 NF 03 2 IA 05 3 GA 06 4 IL 06


nagnareteK repuS kopmoleK

kopmoleK 4

oN amaN rokS tnemanruot 1 AF 03 2 SA 06 3 LA 05 4 OL 04



kopmoleK 5

oN amaN rokS tnemanruot 1 HD 03 2 AG 04 3 RD 05 4 EK 05



kopmoleK 6

oN amaN rokS tnemanruot 1 NA 03 2 ET 02 3 UB 03 4 OR 03




79

kopmoleK 7

oN amaN rokS tnemanruot 1 TF 05 2 UN 03 3 AB 02 4 RA 05



kopmoleK 8

oN amaN rokS tnemanruot 1 DA 03 2 MA 05 3 HA 02 4 IB 04



)4 naagrahgneP

atar nioP - kopmolek atar halmuj igabmem nagned helorepid

atoggna pait roks kopmolek atoggna halmuj nagned kopmolek .

irad lisaH tnemanruot ada halada II sulkis adap kopmolek 1

kopmolek takiderp tapadnem kopmolek 1 ,3 kopmolek utiay repus

6 nad ,5 kopmolek utiay tabeh kopmolek takiderp tapadnem

,2 ,1 kopmolek utiay kiab kopmolek takiderp tapadnem kopmolek

gnisam irad roks halmuJ .8 nad ,7 ,6 ,4 - kopmolek gnisam ,halada

kopmolek rasebes I 53 , kopmolek es 2 eb 53 ras , kopmolek 3

83 rasebes 4 kopmolek ,05 rasebes , kopmolek 4 rasebes 5 5 ,

kopmolek rasebes 6 33 , kopmolek rasebes 7 04 , kopmolek 8

.53 rasebes


89

)5 isaulavE

malad ,isaulave halada ini sulkis irad rihkaret pahaT

iuhategnem kutnu udividni araces laos nakajregnem awsis isaulave

nagnarugnep laos nakiaseleynem akerem naupmamek aparebes

nagned narajalebmep itukignem haletes talub nganalib

tarepook edotem nakanuggnem epit fi TGT .

.c natamagneP

helo nakukalid natamagnep gnusgnalreb narajalebmep amaleS

.gnomap urug nad itilenep itileneP itukignem amales awsis itamagnem

narajalebmep nad rajagnem sesorp malad urug itamagnem nakgnades ,

ep itukignem amales awsis itamagnem urug laH .narajalebm gnay

gnay narajalebmep sesorp naanaskalep halada itilenep itamaid

naanaskalep anacner nagned iauses hadus hakapa urug nakukalid


epit TGT muleb uata nakgnadeS . itiletid gnay lenep nad iti urug

,sagut nakajregnem ,aynatreb malad awsis nafitkaek itupilem

padahret bawaj gnuggnat kopmolek itukignem malad isavitom ,ayn

tnemanruot itukignem sativitrops atres , tnemanruot nakajregnem nad

arac nagned nakukalid tubesret natamagneP .nakgnadeS .isaulave

.nakaides itilenep halet gnay natamagnep rabmel isignem

amales awsis nafitkaek natamagnep lisah halada ini tukireB

:narajalebmep itukignem


99

.71 lebaT natamagneP lisaH II sulkiS awsiS nafitkaeK

oN itamaiD gnay kepsA halmuJnafitkaeK

I saleK isatneserP .1 .urug nasalejnep kamiynem awsiS 23 .2 .imahap ai muleb gnay iretam urug adapek aynatreb awsiS 3 .3 .urug irad nasalejnep tatacnem awsiS 13 .4 naaynatrep bawajnem awsiS .urug nakirebid gnay 8 .5 .naaynatrep bawajnem aynnamet taas nakitahrepmem awsiS 23 II rajaleB kopmoleK .6 awsiS malad tapadnep nakakumegnem SKL nakajregnem 82 .7 nakakumegnem kutnu aynnamet adap natapmesek nakirebmem awsiS

.ayntapadnep 61

.8 aynatreb awsiS es namet adap kopmolek mulem gnay laos ada akitek.aynimahapid

61


61

.01 awsiS kopmolek naajrekep lisah isatneserp nakitahrepmem . 23 III tnemanruoT .11 ajem itapmenem awsiS tnemanruot halet gnay .nakutnetid 23 .21 naruta nagned iauses laos nakajregnem awsiS - naruta .tnemanruot 23 .31 .aynnaturu nagned iauses laos bawajnem nad acabmem awsiS 23 .41 itukignem gnanes gnay awsiS tnemanruot 23

latoT 243

,sata id lebat nakrasadreB awsis nafitkaek naiaruid ini tukireb

:narajalebmep itukignem amales

)1 urug nasalejnep kamiynem awsiS

.kiab nagned urug nasalejnep kamiynem hadus awsis aumeS

)2 awsiS aynatreb imahap ai muleb gnay iretam urug adapek

gnatnet aynatreb malad ulam hisam awsiS lah - ai mauleb gnay lah

lah gnatnet aynatreb inareb gnay awsis 3 ada aynah ,iuhatek - lah

.IM nad ,UN ,IA utiay iuhatek ai muleb gnay

)3 urug irad nasalejnep tatacnem awsiS


001

nem hadus awsis raseb naigabeS ,urug irad nasalejnep tatac ipatet

ada hisam 1 gnay awsis urug irad nasalejnep kamiynem kadit

.MA utiay

)4 urug nakirebid gnay naaynatrep bawajnem awsiS

urug helo nakirebid gnay naaynatrep bawajnem awsis aumeS

.bawajnem malad halas gnay awsis naigabes ada nupualaw

)5 aaynatrep bawajnem aynnamet taas nakitahrepmem awsiS n

awsis aumeS bawajnem aynnamet taas nakitahrepmem

naaynatrep nakirebmem nad awsis paites uatnamem urug anerak ,

.nakitahrepmem kadit gnay awsis igab naaynatrep

)6 SKL nakajregnem malad tapadnep nakakumegnem awsiS .

halet awsis raseb naigabeS adnep nakakumegnem malad tap

SKL nakajregnem ulam hisam gnay awsis aparebeb ada numan ,

.OL nad ,AH ,UB ,TF halada akerm ,aynedi nakiapmaynem malad

)6 kutnu aynnamet adap natapmesek nakirebmem awsiS nakakumegnem

.ayntapadnep

tapad awsis raseb naigabeS adap natapmesek nakirebmem

.ayntapadnep nakakumegnem kutnu aynnamet ,IB halada akereM

IA ,NF ,IF ,UN ,LA ,AB ,AF ,AG ,NA ,IM ,GA ,HD TF nad ,UB , .

)7 es namet adap aynatreb awsiS kopmolek gnay laos ada akitek

.aynimahapid muleb


101

awsis raseb naigabeS uam es namet adap aynatreb kopmolek

tek .aynimahapid muleb gnay laos ada aki halada akereM ,ED ,YA

.OR nad ,AH ,RA ,IR ,QI ,OL ,HA ,EM ,IL ,EK ,SA ,RD

)8 es namet adapek naksalejnem awsiS kopmolek iretam ada akitek

.imahapid muleb gnay

tapad awsis raseb naigabeS namet adapek naksalejnem

es kopmolek .imahapid muleb gnay iretam ada akitek

)9 naajrekep lisah isatneserp nakitahrepmem awsiS kopmolek .

hadus awsis aumeS naajrekep lisah isatneserp nakitahrepmem

.kopmolek

)01 ajem itapmenem awsiS tnemanruot halet gnay .nakutnetid

ajem itapmenem halet awsis aumeS tnemanruot nad raneb nagned

.bitret

)11 naruta nagned iauses laos nakajregnem awsiS - naruta .tnemanruot

malad niam naruta itregnem hadus awsis aumeS tnemanruot

akerem aggnihes laos bawajnem nad acabmem tapad tnemanruot

aynnaturu nagned iauses .

)21 nad acabmem awsiS .aynnaturu nagned iauses laos bawajnem

laos bawajnem nad acabmem tapad awsis aumeS tnemanruot

.aynnaturu nagned iauses

)31 itukignem gnanes gnay awsiS tnemanruot

itukignem gnanes asarem awsis aumeS tnemanruot .


201

natamagnep lebat nad sata id naiaru nakrasadreB nafitkaek

nafitkaek esatnesrep helorepid narajalebmep itukignem amales awsis

awsis nafitkaek itrareb tubesret esatnesrep nagned ,%43.67 rasebes

.kiab tagnas hadus narajalebmep itukignem amales

.d iskelfeR

awhab nakkujnunem II sulkis rihka adap iskelfer lisaH

kiab hibel gnusgnalreb II sulkis adap nakanaskalid gnay narajalebmep

rajaleb ,salek isatneserp itukignem malaD .I sulkis adap irad

nad ,kopmolek tnemanruot nad ,gnanet ,nilpisid hibel awsis pakis

mesreb .hararet gnay tagna itilenep gnay natamagnep lisah nupadA

:nial aratna II sulkis adap helorep

)1 urug isatneserP

)a nad kiab nagned urug nasalejnep nakitahrepmem hadus awsiS

.gnanet

)b .atnimid apnat aynatreb gnay awsis aparebeb adA

)2 kopmoleK rajaleB

)a aratna id kiab gnay amasajrek ada haduS kopmolek rajaleb ,

ipatet ,asib gnay awsis adapek aynatreb asib muleb gnay awsis

a hisam ai ,aynnamet adapek aynatreb uam kadit gnay awsis ad

aynnamet naajrekep hotnocnem aynah aynatreb ulam anerak .

)b atoggna aumeS lek kopmo nagned laos aumes nakajregnem

asegret kadit nad gnanet - .aseg


301

)3 tnemanruoT

)a taas anasauS tnemanruot gnanes gnay awsis ,gnanet hibel

nakiladnegnem tapad raneb nagned laos bawajnem tapad

.aynisome

)b utkawes anasauS tnemanruot ,gnanet hibel ajem aumes

tnemanruot surah gnay niam naruta nagned mahap hadus

aynnakukalid .

)c utkawes anasauS tnemanruot ,gnanet hibel ajem aumes

tnemanruot laos nakajregnem tapad tnemanruot iatnas nagned

.utkaw tapet nad

)4 isaulavE

epo nakiaseleynem awsis naupmamek esatnesrep tegraT isar

.%66 talub nagnalib nagnarugnep Pe lisah nasatnutek esatnesr

eP .%57 halada II sulkis isaulave r tubesret esatnes imalagnem

natakgninep ,%52 rasebes irad %05 rasebes lawa isidnok nad

nalisahrebek tegrat ihibelem hadus tapad akam tubesret lisah iraD .

epit fitarepook narajalebmep awhab naklupmisid TGT tapad

nagnarugnep isarepo nakiaseleynem naupmamek naktakgninem

epit fitarepook narajalebmep ledom nakanuggnem talub nagnalib

TGT eD iregeN rasaD halokeS VI salek awsis adap retsemes naser

.2102/1102 narajalep nuhat 2


401

.B ataD sisilanA

.1 kopmoleK naagrahgneP

naagrahgneP kopmolek atar niop iracnem nagned helorepid - atar

kopmolek pait roks halmuj igabmem nagned helorepid tubesret nioP .

atoggna kopmolek atoggna halmuj nagned kopmolek . irad lisah nupadA

tnemanruot nad I tnemanruot :tukireb iagabes halada II

lebaT 18 naagrahgneP . kopmoleK I sulkiS

oN kopmoleK niop halmuJ atar nioP - atar kopmolek takiderP kopmolek 1 1 051 83 kopmoleK kiaB 2 2 011 82 kopmoleK kiaB 3 3 061 04 kopmoleK kiaB 4 4 041 34 kopmoleK kiaB 5 5 061 04 kopmoleK kiaB 6 6 051 83 kopmoleK kiaB 7 7 041 53 kopmoleK kiaB 8 8 051 83 kopmoleK kiaB

aumes I sulkis adaP kopmolek nagned kiab takiderp naktapadnem

adebrep gnay niop - .adeb naktapadnem 4 kopmoleK ,niop 34 niop

helorepmem 8 nad ,6 ,1 kopmolek ,04 niop helorepmem 5 nad 3 kopmolek

helorepmem 2 kopmolek nad ,53 niop helorepmem 7 kopmolek ,83 niop

.82 nip

gnay 34 halada iggnitret niop awhab iuhatekid tubesret lisah iraD

iapacid gnay 82 halada hadneret niop nakgnades ,4 kopmolek helo iapacid

.2 kopmolek helo


501

91 lebaT naagrahgneP . kopmoleK II sulkiS

oN kopmoleK niop halmuJ atar nioP - atar kopmoleK takiderP kopmoleK 1 1 41 0 53 kopmoleK kiaB 2 2 41 0 53 kopmoleK kiaB 3 3 002 05 kopmoleK repuS 4 4 51 0 83 kopmoleK kiaB 5 5 81 0 45 kopmoleK tabeH 6 6 31 0 33 kopmoleK kiaB 7 7 61 0 04 kopmoleK kiaB 8 8 041 53 kopmoleK kiaB

II sulkis adaP kopmolek ,1 ,2 ,5 ,4 takiderp naktapadnem 8 nad 7 ,6

atar niop nagned kiab kopmolek - atar turutreb - utiay turut ,04 ,33 ,83 ,53 ,53

53 nad . kopmolek takiderp naktapadnem 3 kopmolek roks nagned repus

atar - .05 atar

5 halada iggnitret niop awhab iuhatekid tubesret lisah iraD gnay 0

helo iapacid kopmolek halada hadneret niop nakgnades ,3 33 iapacid gnay

kopmolek helo .6

.2 P natamagne nafitkaeK narajalebmeP malaD awsiS

S atar rok - nafitkaek atar awsis rac nagned iracid tapad a iagabes b :tukire

nagnareteK



S aa = nafitkaek hurules halmuj

:I sulkiS


601

:II sulkiS

lebaT 02 awsiS nafitkaeK sisilanA . oN sulkiS rokS esatnesreP nagnareteK

1 I 813 %89.07 kiaB 2 II 243 %43.67 kiaB tagnaS

esatnesreP nafitkaek awsis helorepid II sulkis adaP .%89.07 I sulkis adap

esatnesrep nafitkaek awsis .%43.67 rasebes

.3 MKK iapacnem gnay esatnesreP

MKK iapacnem gnay esatnesrep iracnem malaD iracid tapad

:tukireb iagabes arac nagned

:nagnareteK

kP = pe nasatnutek esatnesr

Ʃt = j hurules halmu awsis satnut gnay

Ʃn = j halmu awsis

I sulkiS

II ulkiS


701

12 lebaT . ialiN esatnesreP MKK iapacneM gnay

oN sulkiS MKK iapacnem gnay halmuJ halmuJ awsiS esatnesreP 1 I 02 23 %36 2 II 42 23 %57

02 halada I sulkis irad lisah awhab iuhatekid sata id lebat iraD

sulkis irad lisah nakgnadeS .%36 rasebes utiay MKK iapacnem gnay awsis

.%57 rasebes utiay MKK iapacnem gnay awsis 42 halada II

.C nasahabmeP

nagned nakukalid halet II sulkis nad I sulkiS naujut nupadA .lamiskam

ednem kutnu halada ini naitilenep irad s atad nakispirk naupmamek rajaleb

atad nad MKK iapacnem gnay awsis awsis nafitkaek lisah halada ini tukireB .

.II sulkis nad I sulkis naitilenep irad

.1 natamagnep lisaH nafitkaeK lebmeP malaD awsiS naraja

amales ,nakukal itilenep halet gnay natamagnep nakrasadreB

iapmas lawa irad narajalebmep itukignem malad fitka awsis narajalebmep

irad tahilret tubesret laH .rihka lisah natamagnep malad awsis nafitkaek

:ini hawab id narajalebmep itukignem

22 lebaT . sisilanA awsiS nafitkaeK natamagneP

oN sulkiS esatnesreP nagnareteK 1 lawA isidnoK %84 kiaB muleB 2 I %89.07 kiaB 3 II %43.67 kiaB tagnaS

adap awsis nafitkaek lebat nakrasadreB aynesatnesrep lawa isidnok

I sulkis adap ,%84 rasebes helorepid rasebes awsis nafitkaek esatnesrep

,%89.07 tubesret laH .%43.67 halada II sulkis adap nakgnades


801

nad fitka nagned narajalebmep itukignem awsis awhab nakkujnunem

irad awsis nafitkaek natakgninep idajret rihka iapmas lawa isidnok

naitilenep rasebes II sulkis 43.82 .%

.2 lisaH naupmameK II sulkiS nad I sulkiS adap awsiS rajaleB

.a I sulkiS

awsis awhab nakkujnunem I sulkis adap rajaleb naupmamek lisaH

awsis 02 ada MKK iapacnem gnay MKK sulul kadit gnay nakgnades

gnay awsis halmuJ .23 halmujreb gnay awsis aumes irad awsis 21 ada

nakkujnunem uti laH .%36 utiay nesrep kutneb malad MKK iapacnem

.lisahreb muleb naitilenep awhab

aparebeb nakanerakid ,lisahreb muleb I sulkis nakadnit lisaH lah

kadit gnay awsis aparebeb ada salek isatneserp malaD utiay

nagned iridnes aracibreb akerem :urug irad nasalejnep nakitahrepmem

:kopmolek rajaleb malad ,aynnamet aparebeb tapadret hisam

kopmolek udividni araces laos nakajregnem gnay gnay awsis ada ,

it gnay awsis ada ,aynnamet adapek aynatreb uam kadit nad uhat kad

gnay aynnamet naajrekep hotnocnem aynah ai ,nakajregnem kadit

arac uhat kadit ipatet nakajregnem asib gnay awsis ada ,iadnap

anerak :iamar kopmolek rajaleb malad anasaus ,aynnamet irajagnem

da ayapus nial kopmolek irad namet adapek aynatreb gnay awsis a

laos nakiaseleynem tapec - rajaleb malad ,nakirebid gnay laos

nagned adnacreb ,aracibreb gnay awsis ada hisam kopmolek

.kopmolek rajaleb aynnalaj uggnaggnem aggnihes ,aynnamet


901

.b II sulkiS

I sulkiS adap naktujnalid naitilenep akam ,lisahreb muleb

nagnarukek nakrasadreB .II sulkis - akam ,I sulkis adap nagnarukek

:halada aynaratna id ,ahasu aparebeb nakayapugnem itilenep

)1 salek isatneserP

)a naruta aparebeb taubmem nad aracibreb malad saget hibel uruG

utnu gnay awsis ada akij ,aynlasiM .iamar anasaus ignarugnem k

iamar gnay awsis ada akij ,ignarukid naka aynroks aracib

awsis akij nad salek raul irad narajalep itukignem nakhalisrepid

nahabmat naktapadnem naka kiab nagned narajalep itukignem

.ialin

)b agenem uruG apnat talub nagnalib nagnarugnep pisnirp naks

.nagnalib sirag nakanuggnem

)c naped id laos nakajregnem uata naaynatrep nakirebmem uruG

taas urug nakitahrepmem kadit gnay awsis adapek salek

.naksalejnem

)2 kopmoleK rajaleB

)a uruG leb ayngnitnep tahisan nakirebmem raja kopmolek nagneD .

rajaleb aynada kopmolek ,iludep gnilas aynlasim kiab gnay

laH .itamrohgnem gnilas - huragnepreb naka tubesret fitisop lah

es namet/awsis rajaleb lisah padahret kopmolek gnay awsiS .ayn

iadnap nikames naka natilusek gnay aynnamet utnabmem nad

.iretam iasaugnem hibel


011

)b aynatreb raga asib muleb gnay awsis adapek uabmihgnem uruG

adapek uabmihgnem atreS .asib hadus gnay aynnamet adapek

nakaynanem kutnu nakajregnem upmam hadus gnay awsis

malad asib muleb gnay namet adapek kopmolek anam laos ayn

ay malad awsis aumes ualak ipateT .itregnemid muleb gn

kopmolek .urug adapek aynatreb tapad asib kadit tubesret

)c aynatreb gnay awsis adapek isgnas nakirebmem naka uruG

adapek kopmolek .nial

)d nad iamar gnay awsis adapek isgnas nakirebmem naka uruG

.adnacreb

)3 tnemanruoT

)a iamar kadit raga naktagnignem uruG ajem itapmenem akitek

.tnemanruot

)b mulebeS tnemanruot naruta nakacabmem urug - gnay naruta

malad ihutapid surah tnemanruot helob aynlasim ,

sarek ulalret helob kadit ipatet ayngnanes asar nakpakgnugnem

naka anerak .nial gnay namet uggnaggnem

)c mulebeS tnemanruot nagned niamreb arac naksalejnem urug

mulebes nad tapec ulalret kadit tnemanruot urug ialumid

kutnu salej muleb gnay awsis adapek natapmesek nakirebmem

.aynatreb

)d aynnakajregnem raga awsis adapek uabmihgnem uruG kadit

urubret hasu - .pukuc aynutkaw anerak urub


111

)e malad atoggna pait nanarep naksalejnem uruG tnemanruot paiT .

kutnu amas gnay natapmesek helorepmem naka awsis


itukignem/nakukalem tnemanruot huggnus nagned - gnus .hug

kana sata id nasalejnep nagneD - isavitomret hibel naka kana

itukignem kutnu tnemanruot .kiab nagned

)4 isaulavE

taig hibel rajaleb kutnu awsis isavitomem urug isaulave mulebeS

.igal

II sulkis adap MKK iapacnem gnay nasatnutek esatnesrep nupadA

kadit awsis 8 nad MKK sulul awsis 42 naicnir nagned %57 halada

esatnesrep tegraT .23 halmujreb gnay awsis aumes irad MKK sulul

naitilenep awhab nakkujnunem uti laH .%66 halada nasatnutek

b hadus adap tahilid tapad icnir hibel isaulave lisah nupadA .lisahre

.naripmal


211

V BAB

NARAS NAD NALUPMISEK

.A nalupmiseK

kiratid tapad ,salek nakadnit naitilenep nakukalem itilenep haleteS

:tukireb iagabes nalupmisek

.1 ebmep ledom naanuggneP epit fitarepook narajal TGT naktakgninem tapad

awsis adap talub nagnalib nagnarugnep isarepo nakiaseleynem nafitkaek

.2102/1102 narajaleP nuhaT 2 retsemeS nasereD iregeN DS VI salek

adaP ,%84 awsis nafitkaek esatnesrep lawa isidnok I sulkis esatnesrep

nakkujnunem awsis nafitkaek ,kiab irogetak nagned %89.07 p II sulkis ada

esatnesrep .kiab tagnas irogetak nagned %43.67 awsis nafitkaek

.2 k natakgnineP nafitkae talub nagnalib nagnarugnep isarepo nakiaseleynem

epit fitarepook narajalebmep ledom nakanuggnem GT T salek awsis adap

haT 2 retsemes nasereD iregeN DS VI irad 2102/1102 narajaleP nu

lawa isidnok 82 rasebes II sulkis rihka iapmas 43. %.

.3 epit fitarepook narajalebmep ledom naanuggneP TGT naktakgninem tapad

nagnalib nagnarugnep isarepo nakiaseleynem naupmamek adap talub

narajaleP nuhaT 2 retsemeS nasereD iregeN DS VI salek awsis

.2102/1102

irad %05 uata awsis 61 kaynabes MKK ihunemem gnay lawa isidnok adaP

23 uata awsis 02 kaynabes MKK ihunemem gnay I sulkis adap ,awsis

rasebes kaynabes MKK ihunemem gnay II sulkis adaP ,awsis 23 irad %36

42 awsis .awsis 23 irad %57 uata


311

.4 nagnalib nagnarugnep isarepo nakiaseleynem naupmamek natakgnineP

epit fitarepook narajalebmep ledom nakanuggnem talub TGT awsis adap

nasereD iregeN DS VI salek 2102/1102 narajaleP nuhaT 2 retsemes irad

lawa isidnok iapmas II sulkis rihka rasebes 52 %.

.B naraS

ada nakukal itilenep gnay salek nakadnit naitilenep lisah nakrasadreB

:utiay ,nakiapmas itilenep tapad gnay naras aparebeb

.1 narajalebmep ledom nakanuggnem tapad aynkadneh akitametam uruG

epit fitarepook TGT aggnihes narajalebmep ledom isnerever iagabes

nad nafitkaek .takgninem awsis rajaleb isatserp

.2 epit fitarepook narajalebmep ledoM TGT narajalep kutnu nakanugid tapad

itametam .talub nagnalib nagnarugnep niales iretam adap ak

.3 naktapadnem ulrep rajaleb sesorp malad uggnaggnem ulales gnay awsiS

.naitahrep


411

AKATSUP RATFAD

iraspaH atneP ,opotuS sugA anajdraS .A , .6002 . saleK akitametaM rajaleB oyA

VI .suisinaK :atrakaygoY.

rabkA .1991 .ajajdiwatuS III akitametaM naD nakididneP nemetrapeD :atrakaJ . .iggniT nakididneP lardneJ tarotkeriD naayadubeK

.8002 .eiL atinA gninraeL fitarepooC .aidemarG TP :atrakaJ .

.8891 .kkd ayajiW ,eceC naurahabmeP ayapU nad nakididneP malaD

narajagneP .ayraK ajdameR :gnudnaB .

M nad itnayamaD onoijdu . 6002 . narjalebmeP nad rajaleB atpiC akeniR :atrakaJ .

.8002 .lanoisaN nakididneP nemetrapeD fitarepooK narajalebmeP :ayabaruS . .asenU halokeS akitametaM nad sniaS tasuP

metrapeD N nakididneP ne .2002 .lanoisa aisenodnI asahaB raseB sumaK . J :atraka P ialaB .akatsu

.2102 .olisuS snarF akitametaM nasadnaL .umlI aharG :atrakaygoY .

.7002 .rameO ,kilamaH rajagneM rajaleB sesorP .araskA imuB TP :gnudnaB .

.2991 .namreH ,ojoduH II akitametaM nakididneP nemetrapeD :atrakaJ . .iggniT nakididneP lardneJ tarotkeriD naayadubeK naD nakididneP

.7991.asimaK K L suma pakgne aisenodnI asahaB . S :ayabaru K akitra

.5991 .ngI ,ojdisaM halokeS id awsiS rajaleB lisaH naiapacneP naialineP . .suisinaK :atrakaygoY

.6002 .ituT ,inahirsaM X saleK KAM nad KMS kutnU akitametaM :atrakaJ. .aggnalrE

.nivalS .E treboR .9002 gninraeL evitarepooC . .aidem asuN :gnudnaB

.0102 .namsuR uruG emsilanoiseforP nakgnabmegneM narajalebmeP ledoM . .odnifarG ajaR TP :atrakaJ

.7002 .inaS M iniaZ ,nimA M itiS VI salek atiK ratikeS id DS akitametaM

.2 retsemeS .aggnalrE :atrakaJ

.0102 .otnayiguS fitavonI narajalebmeP ledoM .akatsuP amuY :atrakaruS .


511

ayhaC gnugA ,idranuS nto .iraspaH atneP , .6002 oyA saleK akitametaM rajaleB VI . .suisinaK:atrakaygoY

.ontayuS .9002 fitavonI narajalebmeP hajalejneM anauB aidemsaM :ojraodiS .

.akatsuP

.9991.R,idajdeoS aisenodnI id akitametaM nakididneP taiK tarotkeriD :atrakaJ . nemetrapeD iggniT nakididneP lardneJ .lanoisaN nakididneP

.3991 .kkd otiweoS I akitametaM naD nakididneP nemetrapeD :atrakaJ . .iggniT nakididneP lardneJ tarotkeriD naayadubeK

.7991 .rezU .hoM ,namsU gnudnaB .lanoiseforP uruG idajneM .ajameR .TP :

naitregnep/60/0102/moc.sniwsam.www//:ptth - .2102teram9.lmth.akitametam

.akitametaM naitregneP 00.41 lukup .1102 rebmetpeS 41

12/isatilisaf/gro.akitametamkt4p//:ptth - natakedneP - fitarepooK - fdp.DATS fitarepooK natakedneP naitregneP . 00.41 lukup .1102 rebmetpeS 41

narajalebmep/11/50/8002/moc.sserpdrow.setopi//:ptth - fitarepook - epit - smaet -semag - stnemanruot - /tgt . TGT epiT fitarepooK narajalebmeP 41 .

02 rebmetpeS 00.41 lukup .11

edni/dsu_bew/di.ca.dsu.yrarbil//:ptth a&01=idorp&&lluf=sket&sey=dom&at=hilip?php.xeab2010b0=di&1=f&irusuleT=irac&narajalebmep02%ledom02%naanuggnep=

tesffo&1=gts&1=gp&29b3251ebf75ab5fe4f4f15 ledom naanuggneP nagned )TGT( tnemanruoT semaG smaeT epit fitarepook narajalebmep

am akigol nasahab kipot leakiM .tS AMS BX saleK adap akitamet -namelS . 00.51 lukuP .2102 teraM 32

idorp&&lluf=sket&sey=dom&at=hilip?php.xedni/dsu_bew/di.ca.dsu.yrarbil.www//:pttha7da943a25c2ca=di&1=f&irusuleT=irac&akitametam02%narajalebmep=a&0=

07=tesffo&2=gts&51=gp&58cb4a2342fe2b6665 ledom naanuggneP adap ]TGT[ stnemanruoT semaG smaeT epit fitarepook narajalebmep

sesorp akitametam narajalebmep narukugnep nasahab kokop nagnednetalK ,nalanogoJ ,namugarK 30 NDS V salek awsis kutnu tudus . 32

00.51 lukuP .2102 teraM

niu.bil//:ptth - 37004170/retpahclluf/siseht/di.ca.gnalam - lirun - sp.italim napareneP )tnemanruoT semaG smaeT( TGT epiT fitare[pooK narajalebmep

leB isatserP naktakgnineM kutnU saleK kidid atreseP akitametaM raja .gnalaM gnubaJ hamhaR_rA hayiaditbI hasardaM V .2102 teraM 42

00.61 lukuP


611

fdp.101040014A/1/6633/di.ca.smu.stnirpe.dte//:ptth P namahameP natakgnineK pesno awsiS PMS padahreT ataM narajaleP akitametaM kokoP

Gnad tuduS nasahaB S sirag rajaje . 00.61 lukuP .2102 teraM 42


711

subaliS .1 naripmaL

NARAJALEBMEP SUBALIS

halokeS amaN nasereD iregeN DS : narajaleP ataM B4 AKITAMETAM :

margorP/saleK VI : retsemeS )auD( 2 :

isnetepmoK radnatS nagnaliB :

talub nagnalib nakgnarugnem nad nakhalmujneM .5

isnetepmoK

rasaD

kokoP iretaM

iretaM naiarU nad rajaleB namalagneP

rotakidnI

naiapacneP

isnetepmoK

naialineP

isakolA

utkaW

/rebmuS

talA /nahaB sineJ

nahigaT

kutneB

emurtsnI

n

hotnoC

nemurtsnI

1.5 nakturugneMtalub nagnalib

NAGNALIB

o nakturugneMtalub nagnaliB

naksilunem nad acabmem arac naksalejneM nagnalib sirag adap talub nagnalib gnabmal

nakajregnem hakgnal nakhotnocneM 1 nahital4 .mlH 2 nad

3 nahital nakajregnem hakgnal nakhotnocneM

nakpareneM talub nagnalib malad fitagen

irahes napudihek -irah

nad acabmeM naksilunem

nagnalib gnabmal

saguT udividnI

nadopmoleK

k

naropaL ukub

naajrekephamur

1 nahitaL 2 nad

3 nahitaL

4 nahitaL

pj 4

:rebmuS

ukuB

AKITAMETAM

B4

:talA

- ukuB -


811

isnetepmoK

rasaD

kokoP iretaM


rotakidnI

naiapacneP

isnetepmoK

naialineP

isakolA

utkaW

/rebmuS

talA /nahaB sineJ

nahigaT

kutneB

emurtsnI

n

hotnoC

nemurtsnI

5 .mlH

naksagunem nad awsis naajrekep askiremeMnaped id nakajregnem kutnu

talub

katel nakutneneM talub nagnalib

sirag adapnagnalib

nawal lanegneM nagnalib utaus

nakturugneM kopmolekes

talub nagnalib uata licekret irad

rasebret


911

isnetepmoK

rasaD

kokoP iretaM


rotakidnI

naiapacneP

isnetepmoK

naialineP

isakolA

utkaW

/rebmuS

talA /nahaB sineJ

nahigaT

kutneB

emurtsnI

n

hotnoC

nemurtsnI

2.5 nakhalmujneMtalub nagnalib

ISAREPO GNUTIH

NAGNALIB

o nahalmujnePtalub nagnalib

nagnalib aud nakhalmujnem arac naksalejneM nagnalib nad fitagen nagnalib aud ,fitisop

nagned fitisop nakanuggnem fitagen nagnalib.nagnalib sirag

nahital naksagunem nad hotnoc naksalejneM11.mlH 3 nahital ,9 .mlH 1

nakhalmujneM nagnalib aud

fitisop

nakhalmujneM nagnalib aud

fitisop

nakhalmujneM fitisop nagnalib

nagnalib nadevitagen

saguT udividnI

nadopmoleK

k

naropaL ukub

naajrekephamur

2 nahital 01 .mlH

.mlH 4 nad21

6 ,5 nahital41 .mlH

pj 21

:rebmuS

ukuB

KITAMETAM

B4 A

:talA

3.5 nakgnarugneMtalub nagnalib

ISAREPO GNUTIH

NAGNALIB

o nagnarugnePtalub nagnalib

2 nahital61 .mlH

6 nahital91 .mlH

pj 8

:rebmuS

ukuB

AKITAMETAM

B4

:talA


021

isnetepmoK

rasaD

kokoP iretaM


rotakidnI

naiapacneP

isnetepmoK

naialineP

isakolA

utkaW

/rebmuS

talA /nahaB sineJ

nahigaT

kutneB

emurtsnI

n

hotnoC

nemurtsnI

4.5 isarepo nakukaleMnarupmac gnutih

ISAREPO GNUTIH

NAGNALIB

o gnutiH isarepO narupmaC

o M gnutih naajregnep takgnit iuhategneM

narupmac .1 nad + : nad X gnuruk adnaT )( – .2

hotnoc irajalepmeM

4 d.s 1 nahital nakajregneM

atirec laos hotnoc irajalepmem

o gnutihgneM gnutih isarepo

narupmac

saguT udividnI

naropaL ukub

naajrekephamur

,1 nahitaL45 .mlH 2

3 nahitaL

55 .mlH

4 nahitaL

65.mlH

pj4

:rebmuS

ukuB

AKITAMETAM

B4

:talA

: nakparahid gnay awsis retkaraK ( nilpisiD enilpicsiD ,) ( naitahrep nad tamroh asaR tcepser )

( nukeT ecnegilid )

( bawaj gnuggnaT nad ytilibisnopser )

nasereD 2102 iraunaJ 71 ,

iuhategneM halokeS alapeK uruG akitametaM

nidU ruN dP.S ,idramuS

100 1 60589141504691 : PIN 100 1 10110211507891 : PIN


121

2 naripmaL . narajalebmeP naanaskaleP anacneR

1.2 naripmaL . I sulkiS narajalebmeP naanaskaleP anacneR

2.2 naripmaL . I sulkiS awsiS ajreK rabmeL

3.2 naripmaL . I sulkiS awsiS ajreK rabmeL nabawaJ icnuK

laoS utraK .4.2 naripmaL tnemanruoT I sulkiS

nabawaJ icnuK utraK 5.2 naripmaL tnemanruoT I sulkiS

.2 naripmaL .6 II sulkiS narajalebmeP naanaskaleP anacneR

.2 naripmaL .7 II sulkiS awsiS ajreK rabmeL

.2 naripmaL .8 II sulkiS awsiS ajreK rabmeL nabawaJ icnuK

laoS utraK .9.2 naripmaL tnemanruoT II sulkiS

nabawaJ icnuK utraK .01.2 naripmaL tnemanruoT II sulkiS


1 22

1.2 naripmaL . I sulkiS narajalebmeP naanaskaleP anacneR

NARAJALEBMEP NAANASKALEP ANACNER

halokeS : nasereD iregeN DS

narajaleP ataM : akitametaM

retsemes/saleK : )aud( 2/ )tapmE( VI

ek naumetreP : 1-3

utkaw isakolA : 5 tinem 53 x

.A radnatS isnetepmoK :

.5 talub nagnalib nakgnarugnem nad nakhalmujneM .

.B rasaD isnetepmoK

3.5 talub nagnalib nakgnarugneM

.C rotakidnI

.1 M .fitisop talub nagnalib aud nagnarugnep isarepo nakiaseleyne

.2 M .fitagen talub nagnalib aud nagnarugnep isarepo nakiaseleyne

.3 M .fitagen talub nagnalib nagned fitisop talub nagnalib isarepo nakiaseleyne

.4 M .fitisop talub nagnalib nagned fitagen talub nagnalib isarepo nakiaseleyne

.5 B es namet nagned amas ajreke kopmolek .kiab nagned ayn

.6 nakanaskaleM tnemanruot .racnal nagned

.D naujuT narajalebmeP

.1 fitisop talub nagnalib aud nagnarugnep isarepo nakiaseleynem tapad awsiS

.namet adapek aynatreb apnat raneb nagned

.2 awsiS fitagen talub nagnalib aud nagnarugnep isarepo nakiaseleynem tapad

namet adapek aynatreb apnat .

.3 awsiS arepo nakiaseleynem talub nagnalib nagned fitisop talub nagnalib is

fitagen namet adapek aynatreb apnat .


321

.4 awsiS nagnalib nagned fitagen talub nagnalib isarepo nakiaseleynem tapad

fitisop talub namet adapek aynatreb apnat .

.5 ned aynkopmolekes namet nagned amas ajrekeb tapad awsiS .kiab nag

.6 nakanaskalem tapad awsiS tnemanruot .fitrops nagned

.7 nakanaskalem tapad awsiS tnemanruot .racnal nagned

.E rajA iretaM

NAGNALIB GNUTIH ISAREPO

b nagnaliB nagnarugneP talu

.F narajalebmeP edoteM

nasagunep ,hamarec( TGT epit fitarepook narajalebmep ledom nakanuggneM

kopmolek , tnemanruot )

.G nakparahid gnay awsis retkaraK

bawaj gnuggnat nad ,nuket ,amas ajrek ,naitahrep nad tamroh asar ,nilpisiD

.H hakgnaL - narajalebmeP hakgnal

( 1 ek naumetreP 1 )tinem 53 x

.1 lawa nataigeK

.d isavitom nad ispeserpA

.e uruG malas nakirebmem

.f amasreb aodreB

.g napaisek askiremem uruG awsis

.h iapacid naka gnay narajalebmep naujut nakiapmaynem uruG

.i talub nagnalib gnatnet bawaj aynat :ispesrepA

.2 itnI nataigeK

.a isarolpskE

awsiS .talub nagnalib nakgnarugnem arac naksalejnem tapad


421

.b isarobalE

:urug isarobale nataigek malaD

)1 nahital nakajregnem hakgnal nakhotnocneM

)2 kutnu awsis naksagunem nad awsis naajrekep askiremeM

aynnaajrekep nakisatneserpmem

)3 bawaj aynaT

.c isamrifnoK

nataigek malaD :urug isamrifnok

)1 lah gnatnet bawaj aynatreB - awsis iuhatekid muleb gnay lah

)2 namahap halasek naksurulem bawaj aynatreb awsis amasreB

)3 nataugnep nakirebmeM

)4 nalupmisek nakirebmeM

.3 nataigeK putuneP

.a awsiS isaulave laos nakajregnem

.b nagned narajalep putunem uruG :iskelfer nakukalem

)1 ajrekeb malad ipadahid gnay natilusek ada hakapA kopmolek ?

)2 atoggna ada hakapA kopmolek malad ajrekeb kadit gnay um

kopmolek ?

ek naumetreP 2 (2 )tinem 53x

.1 lawa nataigeK

isavitom nad ispesrepA

isavitom naktikgnabmeM awsis gnanemep awhab uhatirebmem nagned

tnemanruot .haidah naktapadnem naka

.2 itnI nataigeK

:tnemanruoT



521

)b atresep paiteS tnemanruot utiay ,nakutnetid hadus gnay isisopid kudud

agitek gnatnanep ,audek gnatnanep ,amatrep gnatnanep ,acabmep isisop

.idnuid arac nagned

)c taas adaP tnemanruot nad laos utrak kacagnem acabmep ,ialumid

p laos libmagnem naidumek pututret naadaek malad aynhuranem gnila

nad sarek nagned tubesret naaynatrep acabmem naidumeK .sata

.tubesret naaynatrep sata nabawaj nakirebmem



reb nabawaj nakiapmaynem adeb tubesret naaynatrep itawelem tapad uata

.)sap(

)e p ,sap uata bawajnem iaseles amatrep gnatnanep haleteS audek gnatnane

b gnay nabawaj nakirebmem tapad gnatnanep nad acabmep irad adebre

.)sap( tubesret naaynatrep itawelem tapad uata amatrep

)f atnanep haleteS p ,sap uata bawajnem iaseles audek gn agitek gnatnane

aguj b gnay nabawaj nakirebmem tapad nad acabmep irad adebre

naaynatrep itawelem tapad uata audek gnatnanep nad amatrep gnatnanep

.)sap( tubesret

)g alibapA gnatnanep ,sap uata gnatnanem ,bawajnem halet gnaro paites

.sarek nagned aynacabmem nagned nabawaj icnuk nakkococnem agitek

)h awsiS laos utrak napmiynem kahreb raneb nagned laos bawajnem gnay

op nagnutihgnep iagabes nakidajid naka naidumek gnay tubesret i t n e ipat


621

ib kadit niamep aumes akij sa laos utrak raneb nagned bawajnem

.laos utrak nakupmut adap igal nakilabmekid

)i akiJ namukuh naktapadnem kadit ai halas nabawaj nakirebmem acabmep

gnatnanep nad ,audek gnatnanep ,amatrep gnatnanep akij ipateT .nupapa

agitek .utrak haubes nagnalihek naka akerem halas nabawaj nakirebmem

)j naratuP ayntukireb ayntukireb laos uata utas karegreb aynutauses alages ,

p uata irik ek isisop irad maj muraj hara turunem gnusgnalreb naniamre

amatrep acabmep gnatnanep idajnem acabmep utiay , gnatnanep ,amatrep

gnatnanep idajnem audek gnatnanep ,audek gnatnanep idajnem amatrep

,agitek .acabmep idajnem agitek gnatnanep laos iapmas aynsuretes utigeB

.bawajid sibah nakaidesid gnay

)k haleteS aseles laos utrak aumes nad sibah nakaidesid gnay utkaw i

utrak gnutihgnem awsis atnimem urug ,nakajrekid akerem tapad gnay laos

bawaj ,aman isignem naidumek , kopmolek nad , ai halet gnay laos halmuj

bawaj roks rabmel adap tnemanruot ajem_rep tnemanruot .

)l s laos utrak aumes nad sibah nakaidesid gnay utkaw haleteS iasele

naidumek ,akerem utrak gnutihgnem awsis atnimem urug ,nakajrekid

,aman isignem kopmolek aman nad , bawaj ai halet gnay laos halmuj adap



tnemanruot ,tubesret rabmel naklupmugnem kutnu awsis huruynem urug ,

roks isignem urug naidumek tnemanruot 2 lebat adap namodepreb nagned


721

tniop nagnutihgnep gnatnet tnemanruot tapadret gnay niamep 4 nagned

3 namalah adap 8.

)n abmel isignem iaseles urug haleteS roks r tnemanruot kopmolek_rep

atar helorepid - roks atar tnemanruot nakidajid gnay kopmolek_rep

naagrahgnep airetirk nupadA .naagrahgnep nakirebmem kutnu namodep

atar nagned kiab kopmolek itupilem kopmolek - tabeh kopmolek ,04 atar

atar nagned - ek nad ,54 atar atar nagned repus kopmol - .05 atar

.3 rihkA nataigeK

.a nakmumugnem uruG kopmolek malad arauj idajnem gnay tnemanruot

.b adapek naagrahgnep nakirebmem uruG kopmolek nakgnanemem gnay

.tnemanruot

.c :iskelfer nakukalem nagned narajalep putunem uruG

)1 itukignem haletes nailak naasarep anamiagaB tnemanruot ?

)2 nailak hakapA itukignem amales natilusek imalagnem tnemanruot ?


.1 lawa nataigeK

isavitoM

.2 itnI nataigeK

awsiS .bitret nagned isaulave laos nakajregnem

.3 rihka nataigeK

uruG aodreb nagned narajalep putunem

.I rajaleB rebmuS nad nahaB/talA

.1 ,B4 VI saleK kutnu DS akitametaM narajaleP ukuB

.2 laos utraK romon utrak ,nabawaj utrak ,


821

.J naialineP

naiapacneP rotakidnI isnetepmoK

kinkeTnaialineP

kutneBnemurtsnI nemurtsnI t laoS /

.1 awsiS tapad nakiaseleynem

nagnarugnep isarepo talub nagnalib aud

.fitisop .2 awsiS tapad

nakiaseleynem nagnarugnep isarepo

talub nagnalib aud.fitagen

.3 awsiS nakiaseleynem

nagnalib isarepo nagned fitisop talub

talub nagnalib.fitagen

.4 awsiS tapad nakiaseleynem

nagnalib isarepo nagned fitagen talub

talub nagnalib.fitisop

saguTudividni

nahital laoS .1 94 – … = 72 .2 46 – … = 14 .3 79 – 611 … =

.4 - 622 – (- = ) 811 …

.5 - 38 – (- … = ) 56 .6 - 27 – (- 49 … = )

.7 86 – (- … = ) 94 .8 37 – (- … = ) 59

.9 - 98 – … = 74 .01 - 022 – 242 … =

naialineP airetirK tamroF

P KUDOR ( ISAULAVE )

.oN kepsA airetirK rokS .1 pesnoK raneb aumes *

halas aumes * 1 0

nasereD 2102 iraunaJ 71 , iuhategneM halokeS alapeK akitametaM uruG


100 1 60589141504691 : PIN 100 1 10110211507891 : PIN


921

2.2 naripmaL . I sulkiS awsiS ajreK rabmeL

AWSIS AJREK RABMEL

nakididneP nautaS : nasereD iregeN DS

retsemeS / saleK : 2 / VI


.A rotakidnI

.1 M .fitisop talub nagnalib aud nagnarugnep isarepo nakiaseleyne

.2 .fitagen talub nagnalib aud nagnarugnep isarepo nakiaseleyneM

.3 .fitagen talub nagnalib nagned fitisop talub nagnalib isarepo nakiaseleyneM

.4 nagned fitagen talub nagnalib isarepo nakiaseleyneM .fitisop talub nagnalib

.5 es namet nagned amas ajrekeB kopmolek .kiab nagned ayn


.B kujnuteP

.1 laos nakajreK - amasreb ini hawab id laos kopmolek !um

.2 !aynhatnirep iauses halnakajreK

.C rajaleB nataigeK

I rajaleB nataigeK

laos halnakajreK - !aynarac nagned ini hawab id laos

.1 45 – 4 … = 2

.2 77 – … = 75

.3 222 – … = 234

.4 - 79 – ( - 38 … = )

.5 - 17 – ( - 74 … = )

.6 - 311 – ( - … = ) 921

.7 68 – ( - … = ) 35


031

.8 35 – ( - 48 … = )

.9 - 78 – 45 … =

.01 - 621 – 592 … =

.D iskelfeR

.1 ajrekeb malad ipadahid gnay natilusek ada hakapA kopmolek ?

.2 atoggna ada hakapA kopmolek malad ajrekeb kadit gnay um kopmolek ?

nakajregneM tamaleS

:kopmoleK atoggnA amaN

.1 .……………………………………………

.2 ..……………………………………………

.3 ..……………………………………………

.4 .………………………………………………


131

3.2 naripmaL . I sulkiS awsiS ajreK rabmeL nabawaJ icnuK

.1 45 – ( + 45 = 24 - )24 .6 - 331 – (- = )921 - 311 + 921

( + 24 + 21 = - )24 = - 61 + 311 + 311

21 = 61 =

.2 77 – = 75 ( + 77 - )75 .7 68 – (- = )35 68 + 35

( + 75 + 02 = - )75 931 =

02 =

.3 922 – = 234 ( + 922 - )234 .8 35 – (- = )48 35 + 48

( + 922 = - ( + )922 - )302 731 =

= - 302

.4 - 79 – (- = )38 - 79 + 38 .9 - 87 – = 45 - 87 ( + - 45 )

= - ( + 41 - 38 + )38 = - 731

= - 41

.5 - 17 – (- = )74 - 17 + 74 .01 – 621 – = 592 - 621 ( + - 592 )

= - ( + 42 - 74 + )74 = - 124

= - 42


231

.2 naripmaL 4. K laoS utra tnemanruoT I sulkiS

2

3

4

66 – … = 74

461 – 643 … =

- 39 – (- … =)28

LAOS ON gnakaleb kapmaT( )

1 LAOS

kapmaT( naped )

46 – … = 25


331

6 - 611 – (- … = )731

7

87 – (- … = )34

8

79 – (- … = )45

LAOS ON aT( gnakaleb kapm )

5 LAOS

kapmaT( naped )

- 68 – (- … =)73


431

01

- 98 – … = 65

11

- 87 – … = 94

21 - 731 – … = 582

LAOS ON gnakaleb kapmaT( )

9 LAOS

naped kapmaT( )

65 – (- … = )47


531

.2 naripmaL 5. nabawaJ icnuK utraK tnemanruoT I sulkiS

2

3

4

91

- 281

- 11

NABAWAJ ICNUK kapmaT( naped )

21 LAOS ON

kapmaT( gnakaleb )

1


631

6 12

7 121

8 151

NABAWAJ ICNUK kapmaT( naped )

- 94 LAOS ON

kapmaT( gnakaleb

5


731

21 - 224

01 - 541

11 - 721

LAOS ON kapmaT( gnakaleb )

9 NABAWAJ ICNUK

kapmaT( naped )

- 23


831

.2 naripmaL 6. II sulkiS narajalebmeP naanaskaleP anacneR

NARAJALEBMEP NAANASKALEP ANACNER

halokeS : nasereD iregeN DS


retsemes/saleK : )aud( 2/ )tapmE( VI

ek naumetreP : 1-3

utkaw isakolA : 3 tinem 53 x

.A isnetepmoK radnatS :

.5 talub nagnalib nakgnarugnem nad nakhalmujneM .

.B isnetepmoK rasaD

4.5 nakgnarugneM B talub nagnali

.C rotakidnI

.1 M talub nagnalib aud nagnarugnep isarepo nakiaseleyne .fitisop

.2 .fitagen talub nagnalib aud nagnarugnep isarepo nakiaseleyneM

.3 .fitagen talub nagnalib nagned fitisop talub nagnalib isarepo nakiaseleyneM

.4 .fitisop talub nagnalib nagned fitagen talub nagnalib isarepo nakiaseleyneM

.5 es namet nagned amas ajrekeB molek kop .kiab nagned ayn


.D naujuT narajalebmeP

.1 fitisop talub nagnalib aud nagnarugnep isarepo nakiaseleynem tapad awsiS

.namet adapek aynatreb apnat raneb nagned

.2 nagnalib aud nagnarugnep isarepo nakiaseleynem tapad awsiS fitagen talub

.namet adapek aynatreb apnat

.3 talub nagnalib nagned fitisop talub nagnalib isarepo nakiaseleynem awsiS

.namet adapek aynatreb apnat fitagen


931

.4 nagnalib nagned fitagen talub nagnalib isarepo nakiaseleynem tapad awsiS

k aynatreb apnat fitisop talub .namet adape

.5 es namet nagned amas ajrekeb tapad awsiS kopmolek .kiab nagned ayn

.6 nakanaskalem tapad awsiS tnemanruot .racnal nagned

.E rajA iretaM

NAGNALIB GNUTIH ISAREPO

b nagnaliB nagnarugneP talu

.F narajalebmeP edoteM

nasagunep ,hamarec( TGT epit fitarepook narajalebmep ledom nakanuggneM

kopmolek , tnemanruot )

.G nakparahid gnay awsis retkaraK

bawaj gnuggnat nad ,nuket ,amas ajrek ,naitahrep nad tamroh asar ,nilpisiD

.H hakgnaL - narajalebmeP hakgnal

( 1 ek naumetreP 1 m 53 x )tine

.1 lawa nataigeK

.a isavitom nad ispeserpA

.b malas nakirebmem uruG

.c amasreb aodreB

.d awsis napaisek askiremem uruG

.e iapacid naka gnay narajalebmep naujut nakiapmaynem uruG

.f talub nagnalib gnatnet bawaj aynat :ispesrepA

.2 itnI nataigeK

.a isarolpskE

tapad awsiS .talub nagnalib nakgnarugnem arac naksalejnem

.b isarobalE

:urug isarobale nataigek malaD


041

)1 nahital nakajregnem hakgnal nakhotnocneM

)2 kutnu awsis naksagunem nad awsis naajrekep askiremeM

aynnaajrekep nakisatneserpmem

)3 bawaj aynaT

.c isamrifnoK

rifnok nataigek malaD :urug isam

)1 lah gnatnet bawaj aynatreB - awsis iuhatekid muleb gnay lah

)2 namahap halasek naksurulem bawaj aynatreb awsis amasreB

)3 nataugnep nakirebmeM

)4 nalupmisek nakirebmeM

.3 putuneP nataigeK

.a awsiS isaulave laos nakajregnem

.b narajalep putunem uruG :iskelfer nakukalem nagned )1 ajrekeb malad ipadahid gnay natilusek ada hakapA kopmolek ?

)2 atoggna ada hakapA kopmolek malad ajrekeb kadit gnay um

kopmolek ?


.2 lawa nataigeK

isavitom nad ispesrepA

isavitom naktikgnabmeM awsis gnanemep awhab uhatirebmem nagned

tnemanruot .haidah naktapadnem naka

.3 itnI nataigeK

:tnemanruoT


)b atresep paiteS tnemanruot utiay ,nakutnetid hadus gnay isisopid kudud

agitek gnatnanep ,audek gnatnanep ,amatrep gnatnanep ,acabmep isisop

.idnuid arac nagned


141

)c taas adaP tnemanruot nad laos utrak kacagnem acabmep ,ialumid

p laos libmagnem naidumek pututret naadaek malad aynhuranem gnila

nad sarek nagned tubesret naaynatrep acabmem naidumeK .sata

.tubesret naaynatrep sata nabawaj nakirebmem



reb nabawaj nakiapmaynem adeb tubesret naaynatrep itawelem tapad uata

.)sap(

)e p ,sap uata bawajnem iaseles amatrep gnatnanep haleteS audek gnatnane

b gnay nabawaj nakirebmem tapad gnatnanep nad acabmep irad adebre

.)sap( tubesret naaynatrep itawelem tapad uata amatrep

)f atnanep haleteS p ,sap uata bawajnem iaseles audek gn agitek gnatnane

aguj b gnay nabawaj nakirebmem tapad nad acabmep irad adebre

naaynatrep itawelem tapad uata audek gnatnanep nad amatrep gnatnanep

.)sap( tubesret

)g alibapA gnatnanep ,sap uata gnatnanem ,bawajnem halet gnaro paites

.sarek nagned aynacabmem nagned nabawaj icnuk nakkococnem agitek

)h awsiS laos utrak napmiynem kahreb raneb nagned laos bawajnem gnay

op nagnutihgnep iagabes nakidajid naka naidumek gnay tubesret i t n e ipat

ib kadit niamep aumes akij sa laos utrak raneb nagned bawajnem

.laos utrak nakupmut adap igal nakilabmekid


241

)i akiJ namukuh naktapadnem kadit ai halas nabawaj nakirebmem acabmep

gnatnanep nad ,audek gnatnanep ,amatrep gnatnanep akij ipateT .nupapa

agitek .utrak haubes nagnalihek naka akerem halas nabawaj nakirebmem

)j naratuP ayntukireb ayntukireb laos uata utas karegreb aynutauses alages ,

p uata irik ek isisop irad maj muraj hara turunem gnusgnalreb naniamre

amatrep acabmep gnatnanep idajnem acabmep utiay , gnatnanep ,amatrep

gnatnanep idajnem audek gnatnanep ,audek gnatnanep idajnem amatrep

,agitek .acabmep idajnem agitek gnatnanep laos iapmas aynsuretes utigeB

.bawajid sibah nakaidesid gnay

)k haleteS aseles laos utrak aumes nad sibah nakaidesid gnay utkaw i

utrak gnutihgnem awsis atnimem urug ,nakajrekid akerem tapad gnay laos

bawaj ,aman isignem naidumek , kopmolek nad , ai halet gnay laos halmuj

bawaj roks rabmel adap tnemanruot ajem_rep tnemanruot .

)l s laos utrak aumes nad sibah nakaidesid gnay utkaw haleteS iasele

naidumek ,akerem utrak gnutihgnem awsis atnimem urug ,nakajrekid

,aman isignem kopmolek aman nad , bawaj ai halet gnay laos halmuj adap



tnemanruot ,tubesret rabmel naklupmugnem kutnu awsis huruynem urug ,

roks isignem urug naidumek tnemanruot 2 lebat adap namodepreb nagned

tniop nagnutihgnep gnatnet tnemanruot tapadret gnay niamep 4 nagned

3 namalah adap 8.


341

)n abmel isignem iaseles urug haleteS roks r tnemanruot kopmolek_rep

atar helorepid - roks atar tnemanruot nakidajid gnay kopmolek_rep

naagrahgnep airetirk nupadA .naagrahgnep nakirebmem kutnu namodep

atar nagned kiab kopmolek itupilem kopmolek - tabeh kopmolek ,04 atar

atar nagned - ek nad ,54 atar atar nagned repus kopmol - .05 atar

.4 rihkA nataigeK

.a nakmumugnem uruG kopmolek malad arauj idajnem gnay tnemanruot

.b adapek naagrahgnep nakirebmem uruG kopmolek nakgnanemem gnay

.tnemanruot

.c narajalep putunem uruG :iskelfer nakukalem nagned

)1 itukignem haletes nailak naasarep anamiagaB tnemanruot ?

)2 itukignem amales natilusek imalagnem nailak hakapA tnemanruot ?


.1 lawa nataigeK

isavitoM

.2 itnI nataigeK

.bitret nagned isaulave laos nakajregnem awsiS

.3 rihka nataigeK

uruG aodreb nagned narajalep putunem

.I rajaleB rebmuS nad nahaB/talA

)1 ,B4 VI saleK kutnu DS akitametaM narajaleP ukuB

)2 laos utraK romon utrak ,nabawaj utrak ,


441

naialineP

naiapacneP rotakidnI isnetepmoK

kinkeTnaialineP

kutneBnemurtsnI laoS /nemurtsnI

awsiS upmam isarepo nakiaseleynem nagnalib nagnarugnep nagnalib ,fitisop talub

nad ,fitisop talub.fitagen talub nagnalib

udividni saguT

nahital laoS .1 96 – 84 – ( - … = ) 54 .2 641 – 721 – ( - = ) 96 ... .3 64 – 83 – ( - … = )32

upmam awsiS isarepo nakiaseleynem nagnalib nagnarugnep nagnalib ,fitagen talub

nad ,fitagen talub.fitisop talub nagnalib

.4 - 87 – ( - ) 96 - … = 75

.5 681 – ( - ) 471 – = 74 ...

.6 - 64 – ( - ) 85 – … = 76

upmam awsiS isarepo nakiaseleynem nagnalib nagnarugnep nagnalib ,fitisop talub

talub nad ,fitagen.fitisop talub nagnalib

.7 49 – ( - ) 76 – … = 64 .8 2 23 – ( - ) 462 – 293 ..=

upmam awsiS isarepo nakiaseleynem nagnalib nagnarugnep nagnalib ,fitagen talub

nad ,fitisop talub.fitagen talub nagnalib

.9 - 88 – 95 – ( - = ) 73 …

.01 – 491 – 671 – (- = )741 …

naialineP airetirK tamroF

P KUDOR ( ISAULAVE )

.oN kepsA airetirK rokS .1 pesnoK raneb aumes *

halas aumes * 1 0

nasereD , 42 2102 iraunaJ iuhategneM halokeS alapeK akitametaM uruG


100 1 60589141504691 : PIN 100 1 10110211507891 : PIN


541

.2 naripmaL 7. II sulkiS awsiS ajreK rabmeL

AWSIS AJREK RABMEL

nakididneP nautaS : nasereD iregeN DS

retsemeS / saleK : 2 / VI


.A rotakidnI

.1 M nakiaseleyne .fitisop talub nagnalib aud nagnarugnep isarepo

.2 M .fitagen talub nagnalib aud nagnarugnep isarepo nakiaseleyne

.3 M talub nagnalib nagned fitisop talub nagnalib isarepo nakiaseleyne

.fitagen

.4 M talub nagnalib nagned fitagen talub nagnalib isarepo nakiaseleyne

.fitisop

.5 B es namet nagned amas ajreke kopmolek .kiab nagned ayn


.B kujnuteP

.1 laos nakajreK - amasreb ini hawab id laos kopmolek !um

.2 !aynhatnirep iauses halnakajreK

.C rajaleB nataigeK

I rajaleB nataigeK

halnakajreK laos - !aynarac nagned ini hawab id laos

.1 97 – 86 – ( - ) 54 … =

.2 681 – 761 – ( - … = ) 93

.3 52 – 83 – ( - … = )35

.4 - 08 – ( - ) 87 - … = 35

.5 - 671 – ( - ) 451 – = 93

.6 - 43 – ( - ) 25 – … = 36


641

.7 38 – ( - 85 ) – 64 … =

.8 342 – ( - ) 452 – … = 272

.9 - 89 – 66 – ( - ) 43 = …

.01 - 841 – 751 – ( - ) 461 … =

.D iskelfeR

.1 ajrekeb malad ipadahid gnay natilusek ada hakapA kopmolek ?

.2 atoggna ada hakapA kopmolek malad ajrekeb kadit gnay um kopmolek ?

nakajregneM tamaleS

:kopmoleK atoggnA amaN

.1 .…………………………………

.2 .…………………………………

.3 .…………………………………

.4 .…………………………………


741

.2 naripmaL 8. II sulkiS awsiS ajreK rabmeL nabawaJ icnuK

.1 97 – 86 – (- = ) 54 ( + 97 - 54 + )86 .6 - 43 – (- 25 ) - = 36 - ( + 25 + 43 - )36

= - + 86 - 421 = - 25 + 79

= - 65+ 86 + 86 = - ( + 54 - 25 + )25

65 = = - 54

.2 681 – 761 – (- = )93 ( + 681 - 93 + ) 761 .7 38 – (- )85 – = 64 ( + 85 + 38 - )64

( + 522 = - )761 ( + 141 = - )64

( + 761 + 85 = - )761 ( + 64 + 59 = - )64

85 = = 59

.3 52 – 83 – (- = )35 ( + 52 - 35 + ) 83 .8 342 – (- )452 – = 272 ( + 452 + 342 - )272

( + 87 = - )83 ( + 794 = - )272

( + 83 + 04 = - )83 ( + 272 + 522 = - )272

04 = 522 =

.4 - 08 – (- 87 ) - = 35 - ( + 87 + 08 - )35 .9 - 89 – 66 – (- = )43 - ( + 89 - 3 + )66 4

= - 87 + 331 = - 43 + 461

= - ( + 55 - 87 + )87 = - ( + 031 - 43 + )43

= - 55 = - 031

.5 - 671 – (- 451 ) – 93 = - ( + 451 + 671 - )93 .01 – 841 – 751 – (- = )461 - ( + 841 - 461 + )751

= - 451 + 512 = - 461 + 031

= - ( + 16 - 451 + )451 = - ( + 141 - 461+ )461

= - 16 = - 141


841

naripmaL 9.2 . laoS utraK tnemanruoT II sulkiS

2

691 – 861 – (- … =)83

3

82 – 93 – (- … =)45

4 - 68 – (- )57 – … = 14

LAOS ON )naped kapmaT(

1 LAOS

)gnakaleb kapmaT(

76 – 65 – (- … =)35


941

6 - 53 – (- )65 - … = 46

7

48 – (- )95 - … =54

8

59 – (- )85 - … =84


5 LAOS

)gnakaleb kapmaT(

- 481 – (- )651 - =83 …


051

01 - 99 – 55 – (- … =)53

11 - 941 – 851 – (- … =)661

21 - 651 – 561 – (- … =)471


9 LAOS

)gnakaleb kapmaT(

452 – (- )162 - … =272


151

.2 naripmaL 01 . nabawaJ icnuK utraK tnemanruoT I sulkiS I

2

3

4

66

34

- 25


1 NABAWAJ ICNUK

)gnakaleb kapmaT(

46


251

6 - 34

7 89

8 501


5 NABAWAJ ICNUK

)gnakaleb kapmaT(

- 66


351

21 - 741

01 911

11 - 141


9 NABAWAJ ICNUK

)gnakaleb kapmaT(

342


451

2102/1102 narajaleP nuhaT VI saleK awsiS amaN ratfaD .3 naripmaL

oN amaN awsiS P / L L P

1 RA L 2 YA P 3 IB L 4 OR P 5 AH P 6 HD L 7 DA P 8 GA L 9 OL L 01 IM P 11 NA L 21 IA P 31 UB P 41 ED P 51 RD P 61 AG L 71 QI L 81 AF L 91 SA P 02 EK L 12 IL P 22 AB L 32 EM P 42 LA L 52 UN P 62 IF P 72 TF P 82 ET L 92 NF L 03 HA P 13 MA L 23 IK L

halmuJ 61 61


551

I retsemeS akitametaM narajaleP ataM tropaR ialiN .4 naripmaL

ON AMAN L / P IALIN GNIKNAR L P 1 IM L 48 1 2 IF P 38 2 3 NF L 38 3 4 AF P 28 4 5 HD P 28 5 6 NA L 18 6 7 TF P 97 7 8 DA L 77 8 9 MA L 77 9 01 UN P 77 01 11 ET L 77 11 21 AG P 77 21 31 SA P 67 31 41 IA P 67 41 51 QI P 57 51 61 ED L 47 61 71 RD L 47 71 81 UB L 47 81 91 AB P 37 91 02 HA L 27 02 12 LA P 07 12 22 GA L 07 22 32 EM P 07 32 42 YA L 96 42 52 OL P 96 52 62 IL P 86 62 72 AH P 86 72 82 IR L 66 82 92 IB L 66 92 03 RA P 56 03 13 OR L 46 13 23 EK L 46 23


651

5 naripmaL . amaN ratfaD

1.5 naripmaL . II nad I sulkiS rajaleB kopmoleK amaN ratfaD

2.5 naripmaL . kopmoleK amaN ratfaD tnemanruoT I sulkiS

3.5 naripmaL . kopmoleK amaN ratfaD tnemanruoT II sulkiS


751

1.5 naripmaL . amaN ratfaD kopmoleK II nad I sulkiS rajaleB

ON KOPMOLEK AMAN L / P NAGNARETEK

L P GNIKNAR NAUPMAMEK 1

1

IM L 1 gniknaR T 2 ED P 61 gniknaR S 3 YA L 42 gniknaR S 4 IR P 82 gniknaR R 5

2

IF P 2 gniknaR T 6 QI L 51 gniknaR S 7 EM P 32 gniknaR S 8 AH L 72 gniknaR R 9

3

NF L 3 gniknaR T 01 IA P 41 gniknaR S 11 GA L 22 gniknaR S 21 IL P 62 gniknaR R 31

4

AF P 4 gniknaR T 41 SA P 31 gniknaR S 51 LA P 12 gniknaR S 61 OL L 52 gniknaR R 71

5

HD L 5 gniknaR T 81 AG L 21 gniknaR S 91 RD P 71 gniknaR S 02 EK L 23 gniknaR R 12

6

NA P 6 gniknaR T 22 ET L 11 gniknaR S 32 UB P 81 gniknaR S 42 OR L gniknaR 13 R 52

7

TF P 7 gniknaR T 62 UN P 01 gniknaR S 72 AB P 91 gniknaR S 82 FA L 03 gniknaR R 92

8

DA L 8 gniknaR T 03 MA P 9 gniknaR S 13 HA L 02 gniknaR S 23 IB L 92 gniknaR R


851

2.5 naripmaL . amaN ratfaD kopmoleK tnemanruoT I sulkiS

ON KOPMOLEK AMAN P / L GNIKNAR NANGNARETEK L P 1

1 ajeM

IM P 1 aynnakkopmolegneP irad nakturuid sataret gniknar

.akitametam narajalep

2 IF P 2 3 NF P 3 4 AF L 4 5

2 ajeM

HD P 5 6 NA L 6 7 TF P 7 8 DA P 8 9

3 ajeM

MA L 9 01 UN P 01 11 ET L 11 21 AG P 21 31

4 ajeM

SA L 31 41 IA P 41 51 QI L 51 61 ED L 61 71

5 ajeM

RD L 71 81 UB L 81 91 AB P 91 02 HA L 02 12

6 ajeM

LA L 12 22 GA L 22 32 EM P 32 42 YA P 42 52

7 ajeM

OL P 52 62 IL P 62 72 AH L 72 82 IR L 82 92

8 ajeM

IB P 92 03 RA L 03 13 OR P 13 23 EK L 23


951

3.5 naripmaL . amaN ratfaD kopmoleK tnemanruoT II sulkiS

ON KOPMOLEK AMAN P / L TEK L P 1

1 ajeM

IF P nakkopmolegneP nahelorep irad nakturuid

adap iggnitret ialintnemanruot .I sulkis

2 IM P 3 NF P 4 NA L 5

2 ajeM

DA P 6 AF L 7 HD P 8 MA P 9

3 ajeM

AG L 01 ET P 11 TF L 21 IA P 31

4 ajeM

QI L 41 UN P 51 SA L 61 RD L 71

5 ajeM

ED L 81 AB L 91 UB P 02 LA L 12

6 ajeM

HA L 22 GA L 32 YA P 42 OL P 52

7 ajeM

IR P 62 IL P 72 EM L 82 IB L 92

8 ajeM

AH P 03 EK L 13 RA P 23 OR L


061

6 naripmaL . naitileneP lisaH

1.6 naripmaL . lisaH nagnidnabreP tnemanruoT II sulkiS nad I sulkiS

2.6 naripmaL . I sulkis isaulavE lisaH

3.6 naripmaL . II sulkiS isaulavE lisaH

4.6 naripmaL . II sulkiS nad I sulkiS isaulavE lisaH nagnidnabreP

5.6 naripmaL . II nad I sulkiS naitileneP lisaH nagnidnabreP


161

.6 naripmaL 1. lisaH nagnidnabreP tnemanruoT II sulkiS nad I sulkiS

ON KOPMOLEK I SULKIS II SULKIS NAUPMAMEKKOPMOLEK ROKS TAKIDERP ROKS TAKIDERP

1 1 kopmoleK 83 kopmoleKkiaB 53 kopmoleK

kiaB nuruneM


kiaB takgnineM


repuS takgnineM

4 4 kopmoleK 34 kopmoleK kiaB 83 kopmoleK

tabeH nuruneM


tabeH takgnineM


kiaB nuruneM


kiaB takgnineM


kiaB nuruneM


261

2.6 naripmaL . I sulkis isaulavE lisaH

oN awsiS amaN lawa isidnoK I sulkiS ialiN 1 RA - 05 2 YA - 05 3 IB - 07 4 OR - 05 5 AH - 05 6 HD - 08 7 DA - 09 8 GA - 08 9 OL - 05 01 IM - 001 11 NA - 09 21 IA - 001 31 UB - 09 41 ED - 05 51 RD - 07 61 AG - 09 71 QI - 07 81 AF - 09 91 SA - 05 02 EK - 08 12 IL - 05 22 AB - 09 32 EM - 04 42 LA - 08 52 UN - 09 62 IF - 001 72 TF - 09 82 ET - 07 92 NF - 001 03 HA - 05 13 MA - 05 23 RI - 05

ialin latoT - 0132 ataR - salek atar 85 91.27

atar esatnesreP - salek atar %85 %91.27 MKK iapacnem gnay ialiN %05 %36


361

3.6 naripmaL . II sulkiS isaulavE lisaH

oN awsiS amaN lawa isidnoK II sulkiS ialiN 1 RA - 07 2 YA - 07 3 IB - 08 4 OR - 05 5 AH - 06 6 HD - 09 7 DA - 001 8 GA - 09 9 OL - 06 01 IM - 001 11 NA - 001 21 IA - 001 31 UB - 001 41 ED - 06 51 RD - 08 61 AG - 001 71 QI - 08 81 AF - 001 91 SA - 06 02 EK - 09 12 IL - 07 22 AB - 09 32 EM - 05 42 LA - 09 52 UN - 001 62 IF - 001 72 TF - 001 82 ET - 09 92 NF - 001 03 HA - 06 13 MA - 07 23 RI - 06

ialin latoT - 0262 ataR - salek atar 85 88.18

atar esatnesreP - salek atar %85 %88.18 MKK iapacnem gnay ialiN %05 %57


461

4.6 naripmaL . II sulkiS nad I sulkiS isaulavE lisaH nagnidnabreP

oN awsiS amaN lawa isidnoK I sulkiS II sulkiS nagnareteK 1 RA - 05 07 takgnineM 2 YA - 05 07 takgnineM 3 IB - 07 08 takgnineM 4 OR - 05 05 pateT 5 AH - 05 06 takgnineM 6 HD - 08 09 takgnineM 7 DA - 09 001 takgnineM 8 GA - 08 09 takgnineM 9 OL - 05 06 takgnineM 01 IM - 001 001 pateT 11 NA - 09 001 takgnineM 21 IA - 001 001 pateT 31 UB - 09 001 takgnineM 41 ED - 05 06 takgnineM 51 RD - 07 08 takgnineM 61 AG - 09 001 takgnineM 71 QI - 07 08 takgnineM 81 AF - 09 001 takgnineM 91 SA - 05 06 takgnineM 02 EK - 08 09 takgnineM 12 IL - 05 07 takgnineM 22 AB - 09 09 pateT 32 EM - 04 05 takgnineM 42 LA - 08 09 takgnineM 52 UN - 09 001 takgnineM 62 IF - 001 001 pateT 72 TF - 09 001 takgnineM 82 ET - 07 09 takgnineM 92 NF - 001 001 pateT 03 HA - 05 06 takgnineM 13 MA - 05 07 takgnineM 23 RI - 05 06 takgnineM

ialin latoT - 0132 0262 ataR - salek atar 85 91.27 88.18

atar esatnesreP - salek atar %85 %91.27 %88.18 MKK iapacnem gnay ialiN %05 %36 %57


561

.6 naripmaL 5. II nad I sulkiS naitileneP lisaH

oN awsiS amaN

mulebeSnakadniT

nakadniT haduseS

lawA isidnoK I sulkiS II sulkiS

nasatnuteK ialiN nasatnuteK

ialiN nasatnuteK

aY kadiT aY kadiT aY kadiT 1 RA - - 05 √ 07 √ 2 YA - - 05 √ 07 √ 3 IB - - 07 √ 08 √ 4 OR - - 05 √ 05 √ 5 AH - - 05 √ 06 √ 6 HD - - 08 √ 09 √ 7 DA - - 09 √ 001 √ 8 GA - - 08 √ 09 √ 9 OL - - 05 √ 06 √ 01 IM - - 001 √ 001 √ 11 NA - - 09 √ 001 √ 21 IA - - 001 √ 001 √ 31 UB - - 09 √ 001 √ 41 ED - - 05 √ 06 √ 51 RD - - 07 √ 08 √ 61 AG - - 09 √ 001 √ 71 QI - - 07 √ 08 √ 81 AF - - 09 √ 001 √ 91 SA - - 05 √ 06 √ 02 EK - - 08 √ 09 √ 12 IL - - 05 √ 07 √ 22 AB - - 09 √ 09 √ 32 EM - - 04 √ 05 √ 42 LA - - 08 √ 09 √ 52 UN - - 09 √ 001 √ 62 IF - - 001 √ 001 √ 72 TF - - 09 √ 001 √ 82 ET - - 07 √ 09 √ 92 NF - - 001 √ 001 √ 03 HA - - 05 √ 06 √ 13 MA - - 05 √ 07 √ 23 IR - - 05 √ 06 √

latoT 61 61 0132 02 21 0262 42 8 ataR - atar 85 91.27 88.18

ataR esatnesreP - atar %85 %91.27 %88.18 iapacnem gnay esatnesreP

MKK %05 %05 %36 %57


661

7 naripmaL . natamagneP lisaH

1.7 naripmaL . fitarepooK narajalebmeP ledoM naanuggneP natamagneP lisaH

epiT TGT I sulkiS

2.7 naripmaL . fitarepooK narajalebmeP ledoM naanuggneP natamagneP lisaH

epiT TGT II sulkiS

.7 naripmaL .3 sulkiS nad I sulkiS awsiS rajaleB nafitkaeK lisaH nagnidnabreP

II

4.7 naripmaL . epiT fitarepooK edoteM naanuggneP lisaH nagnidnabreP TGT

I sulkiS II sulkiS nad


761


861


961


071


171

.7 naripmaL 3. sulkiS nad I sulkiS awsiS rajaleB nafitkaeK lisaH nagnidnabrePII

oN sulkiS esatnesreP awsiS nafitkaeK nagnareteK 1 lawA isidnoK %84 kiaB muleB 2 I %89.07 kiaB 3 II %43.67 tagnaS kiaB

nalupmiseK irad natakgninep imalagnem awsis nafitkaek esatnesreP rasebes II uslkis naitilenep rihka iapmas lawa isidnok

%43.82


271

4.7 naripmaL . epiT fitarepooK edoteM naanuggneP lisaH nagnidnabreP TGT II sulkiS nad I sulkiS

oN sulkiS ataR rokS - edoteM naanuggneP atar nagnareteK

1 I %19.37 kiaB 2 II %53.97 tagnaS kiaB


371

8 naripmaL . : isatnemukoD

1.8 naripmaL . kopmolek malad ajrekeb awsiS

2.8 naripmaL . itukignem awsiS tnemanruot

3.8 naripmaL . isaulavE nakajregnem awsiS

4.8 naripmaL . naagrahgnep amirenem awsiS


471

isatnemukoD .8 naripmaL

.1.8 naripmaL kopmolek malad rajaleb awsiS


571


671

.2.8 naripmaL itukignem awsiS tnemanruot


771

.3.8 naripmaL isaulave nakajregnem awsiS


871

.4.8 naripmaL naagrahgnep amirenem awsiS


971


081


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