plant propagation propagation the multiplication of a kind or species. reproduction of a species
TRANSCRIPT
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PLANT PROPAGATION
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Propagation• The multiplication of a kind or species.• Reproduction of a species.
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Sexual Propagation• Propagation from seeds.• Pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma. • Fertilization occurs and seeds are produced.
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Germination Rates
• Percent of seeds that sprout• 75 out of 100=75%
• Rate is affected by seed viability, temperature and moisture.
• Rates vary depending on plant and quality of seed.
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Seeds• Plant depth depends on the size of seeds
• larger seeds are planted deeper• water small seeds from bottom by soaking
Embryo
Endosperm
Seed Coat
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Seedlings (small plants)• Transplant when first true leaves appear• Reduce humidity and water and make environment more
like outside to “harden off” plants
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Seeds to Seedlings
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Advantages of Sexual Reproduction• Fast way to get many plants• Easy to do• Economical
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Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction
• Some plants, especially hybrids, do not reproduce true to parents
• Some plants are difficult to propagate from seeds
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Asexual Reproduction
• Uses growing plant parts other than seeds• Types of asexual reproduction:
• cuttings• layering• division or separation• budding • grafting• tissue culture
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Rooting from Cuttings
• Rooting media should be about 4 inches deep• Best time of day is early mornings because plants
have more moisture• Types of cuttings:
• stem• leaf• root
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Stem Cuttings
• Using a small piece of stem to reproduce plants• using hormones and dipping in fungicides help speed
up rooting
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Leaf cuttings• Using small pieces of leaves to reproduce new plants• from herbaceous plants• vein must be cut
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Stem Cuttings-Step 1
Gather all materials needed
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Stem Cuttings-Step 2
Cut 3 to 4 inch shoot from stem tip
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Stem Cuttings-Step 3
Remove lower leaves from the shoot
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Stem Cuttings-Step 4
Dip cut surface in rooting hormone
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Stem Cuttings-Step 5
Thoroughly moisten rooting medium
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Stem Cuttings-Step 6
Stick one or more cuttings in rooting media
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Stem Cuttings-Step 7
Cover with plastic wrap or place on a mist bench in a warm area away
from direct sunlight.
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Stem Cuttings-Step 8
Once rooted, cuttings can be separated carefully and
transplanted
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Root Cuttings• Using small pieces of roots to reproduce plants• should be three inches apart in rooting area
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Layering• Scarring a small area of stem to produce new plants
• air layering• trench layering• mound layering
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Trench Layering
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Division or Separation
• Cutting or pulling apart plant structures for reproduction• bulbs• corms• rhizomes• tubers• runners• stolons• suckers
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Bulbs
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Grafting• Joining separate plant parts together so that they form
a union and grow together to make one plant.
Wedge Graft
Approach Graft
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Grafting Terms• Scion-the piece of plant at the top of the graft• Rootstock-the piece of the plant at the root or bottom of
the graft
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Methods of Grafting• If the scion and rootstock are the same size
• wedge• splice• whip and tongue• approach
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Methods of Grafting• If the scion is smaller than the rootstock
• cleft• side• notch• bark inlay
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Budding
• A form of grafting when a bud is used• patch budding• T-budding• Chip Budding
Chip Budding
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How to perform T-budding
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
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Tissue Culture• Using a small amount of plant tissue to grow in a sterile
environment• The most plants in a short time• True to parent plant
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Advantages of Asexual Production• Plants mature in a shorter time• Budding is faster than grafting• In trench layering, a plant forms at each node on a
covered stem• Some plants do not produce viable seed• New plants are the same as the parent plant
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Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction• Some require special equipment and skills, such as
grafting• Cuttings detach plant parts from water and nutrient source• Some plants are patented making propagation illegal
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The Uses of Biotechnology in Horticulture
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What is Biotechnology?
• The use of cells or components (parts) of cells to produce products or processes
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Methods• Tissue culture or micropropagation• Cloning• Genetic Engineering
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Tissue Culture
• Uses terminal shoots or leaf buds in a sterile or aseptic environment on agar gel or other nutrient-growing media to produce thousands of identical plants
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Cloning• Genetically generating offspring from non-sexual tissue
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Genetic Engineering
• Movement of genetic information in the form of genes from one cell to another cell to modify or change the genetic make-up
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Benefits of Biotechnology• Produce many identical plants in a short time• Increase disease and insect resistance• Increase tolerance to heat and cold• Increase weed tolerance
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Benefits of Biotechnology• Increase tolerance to drought• Improve environment• Increase production• Other genetic changes